Professional Documents
Culture Documents
A HANDBOOK OF IN FORMAT I ON
RELATING TO
STRUCTURAL STEEL
MANUFACTURED BY THE
ENGINEERS. ARCHITECTS.
BUILDERS AND MECHANICS
J OHNSTOWN , PA.
1914
Price, $1.25
PREFACE TO ELBVENTB EDITION.
CONTENTS .
.,
Standard Construction D etails. 4.1-55
Materials and Construction for Fireproof FIOQI"l!. '6-65
NOles on Lateml Strength of Beams 00-"
Approximate W('ights of Various Roof Coverings. 72
Rcmforced Concrete Floor Slabl!.... . . 7J.-75
Limiting Spans and Maximum Loads of Beams and Chan-
nels.. ... ... .... . .... 71>--79
Coefficients of I:k!fteclion of Beams_ 80,8 1
Explanation of Tables of Safe Loads. 82-87
Tables of Safe Loads for I-Ikams .. 88-99
Channels_ 100---105
Spacing of I-Beams. ]()6---117
Maximum Bendiug Moments for I -Bea"'~ and
Channels. 118.119
Safe Loads for Angles. 120 141
General Formulae for F lexure and Bending Moments 142 147
Formulre for Moments of Inertia of Standard Seclions 148.149
I'ropo:rties of Various Se.::tions. 150--157
E"I)lanalion of Tables of Properties of RoHNI &Ctions_ 151\ 162
.. .. .. Compound Section~ 163
Tables of Properti{'!l of I-Beams. 164 167
.. .. Channels. 168 -171
Bulb Angk",. 172,173
Angles ... 174 185
Moments of Inertia of Rectauglell. 186.187
]'ropcrties of Standard T- Rail~ ..
'"
CAMBRIA STEEL. v
PACK
Ra<1ii of GlTation for two Angles placed Back to Back . 189-19 1
Sm'ngth 0 Steel ('o'umn~ or Struts.. .... . ..... .. 192- 195
I!:xample of the Ul!e of Tables on IlIIges 189-191 and 192- 195
I~xplanation$ of Tabl~ Relating to Steel Columns .....
Dimensions of P late and Angle Columns.
'"
196, ]97
198.199
Properties " " .. 200 202
Spacing of Channel, for Equal Moments of hlertia 'OJ
Dimensions of Laukt.'() C hannel Columns_.
Properties
Dimerusions of Plate and
.. ""
'"'
206-209
Properties ..... 2]0-216
Tnlk:al Details of Plate Girdeu. Column Bases, and Steel
Columns.
Safe Loads for I- I~am Columns.
Safe Loa<18 for Plate and Angle Columns_
'"
218-:;!21
222-241
Safe Loads for Latticed Channel Columns. .. 242-245
Cattice Bars and Sta}' Pla tes for Latticed Channel Columns 244.245
Safe Load s for Channel and Plate Columns. 246- 213
Cast Iron Columns_. 274-276
Explanations of Safe Loads fOf Ueam Box Girders and Plate
Girders . . . . . . . . . . . _. . m
Safe Loads for Beam Box Girders. 2111--288
Safe Loads for Plate Girders ..
Grillage Beams. ,,.,
289-2911
Allowahle Unit Str(!$,leS and Load~ in Accordance with
Building Laws of Various Citil"'.. . .... 300-321
T ablee and Information Pertaining to R h'cLl! and Pins .... .322-.333
\\'dghts and Dimensions of Bolu and Nut..~ 33~-3 4 3
U~t S::n!w Eods. Eye Bars and Turn Buckle!! .. . 344-350
RLght and Left Nuts and Clevises.. .. . . .... . 35 1.352
Dimensions of Riv('t H('ads after Dri"ing _.. .. . .. . .l52
W('ights, Oim('nsions and Safe Loads of Chains ..... . .l53
Bridge Pins. Nuts and Pilot Nuts. and Lateral Pins. .154. 355
Counter and Lateral Rods. 355- 357
Naib and Spik~'9_ ........ . .l5S-.l61
Dimensions, Weights and Properties of Standard Pille. .162-364.
~~~a;~l~j~~\~~~~ ii~~~~"a~d Col~rnn$ ..
J65 374
375 395
Spo....,ifie Gravity and Weight of Various SubstanttS 396-399
Standard Gauges. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ..... . 400.401
Weil(hts of Sheets and Plates of Various Metals. 402.403
Decimal Parts of Foot and Inch. .1{H- 408
Weights and An'as of Square and Round B Url! 409-421
Are~ of Flat Rolled Steel Ba ni. 422-427
Weights of F]at Rolled Strips and Bars, 428440
Areas and Circumferences of Cirelc5 ... 411-463
Logarithlll~ of Numbers ... 464..465
Trigonometrical Functions. Natural. 466-472
Squarcor, Cubes. R~..,iprocals. Square and Cube Roots. 473--489
Mensuration.. . . . . . . . . . . ............ . 490.491
Weights ant' McasuTt.'S.. . ....... ,. 492-495
MetricConversion TablC1l. 496-501
GENERAL INFORMATION.
CAMBRIA. ST EEL. vu
CAMB R IA STEEL.
"'TEBL KAlLS .
Sted T -Rails, 1211. to 150 Ibs. per yard.
Angle, Plain, ReinfOl"C1 Angle and 100% SI>iice Bars.
Standard and Special Track Bolts and Nuu.
For detailed information, see Rail and Splice Catalogue.
STEeL ULU .
Passenger Car, Freight Car, Tender Truck, Engine
Truck, Driving. Electric Car, Street Car, Mine Car, etc.
roaOINoa.
Ax les, Crank Pins, Piston Rods an d Forgi ngs will in
general be furnished of carbon steel and arc annealed, or
treated by our Coffin toughening process (patented) as
specified.
Particular allention i~ called LO our Coffin Process of
treatment for toughening Axles, Crank Pins, Piston Rods
and other forgings.
Crank Pins and Piston Rods arc al!!O furnished oil-
tempered and annealed; other small Forgings will be,
if desired.
See special cataloguC!l for description aud specifications
of our various classes of steel forgings, and for small car
forgings and prCSllcd steel parts see list on Il.'lges 24 and 2.')
herein.
x CAMBRIA STEEL.
PLOW STEEL,
Bars and Slabs (Pen and Perrot), Flat Plow Shapes,
Digger Blades, Hammered Lay, Rolled Lay, etc.
CAMBRIA STEEL .
STANDARD BEAMS.
B.'
~
P~:":"lr
. ~: 27"'.17~
'cb
:
to_
""3"-
..
S
_.'-
.n-
B.
7 ./-_________ {l~
.L
,., B.21
,, WT. II'>. 11.6 /OIlD:IO LBS.
~a&" .~~ ~
;=::::::::::'i'::::=:::fl .-8
,,,
...
, -- -------7"---------- ~
.2&.... J.
CAMBRIA STEEL. S
STANDARD BEAMS.
.:n;'
T, B.2~
,,, 1FT. t&1X). lIQ.2JI. a1 '1D. ..um ~2~ LIIB
8i .". . ~.
.~
,<
,, ------ - a'!.. ---. -
~
~
,, w
... ~
-!
.20'!..,o
r,
,
,,
B. 29
1FT. 21. 2.5. JO. AlfD U LBB.
,
\l, b~
~ ..e; -,
1, .~
:.a
.
T,, n
,,
,,
-
---- - ---- --- gt. - - ------- - ._-
..,
.31"-'
l'
B.33
,,, WT. 2.5. JO. U Alfl) 40.. LIIB,
-,,41"
"
~
.m
~
1, .31'" -,
o.
,, h -----.-- ~
~
, .
--- -l~------ -----
. -,,
Lu " .~ '"
T
,, . 41
, WT. 31.~. 3& Aim 4Q LBB.
b~
S ..,74 .,
",,
.~.
,. '"
_i
OAMBRIA STEEL .
BZAMS.
SAClAL I2"'BIAM .
.4CI~ B. 106
\11"1'. 4Q, <411. 00
AND DD LBB.
,
",
,,
41'" B. 53
ft. 4 ~. 110. M
AMD OOLBB.
,.-
,
:,..-
--
---- -{j.26~ -
"'\,
,,
---:a.645'!.-?j
,,
,
,,,
,
i
CAMBRIA STEEL. ,
SPECIAL BEAMS.
\..::r,-.~-.T.;----,.~~-.---j
' .~~.,
, " irz;;
-.,,-.--
---"
"~ B.ll3
, n . eo. 85. go. GG
AND 100 LB6.
!,
B.J09
~,
,, W'l'. 80. e:I. 10. 7&
AND eo LB9.
,,
- --2 .80'~-"'; ,,,
,, ,
,, ,,
,
'-- ' ,,,
( ----'l ,,,
,,
;..---- - - -- - -6.4CY'- --- ----- --~ ,
,,,
,,
(
, ,
:<'- ---- ---- - '6.00'< '" -- _.- ~
CAMBRIA STEEL.
STANDARD BEAMS.
,,
:,
,,
,
i
i
!,,,
,,
,,,
~, .46~ B. 65
: WT. M. 00.811 AND '70 LBB.
----a .'
77---1
--;
I~----- -----6.00- - -- - ----~I
OAXBRIA STEEL. 7
BEAMS.
~ "121
i
~. WT. eo. u. DO. 08
AND 100 LB8.
I""" B.73 :
I\!/'T, &II, 70 AIfD '111 LBS
~
'
,
~-3.20'''''
,
I
I
j
ck-------J'f.OO'!------>i
( -i
~ ------ 6.25~- ----~
8 CAKlIRIA STEEL.
STANDARD BEAMS.
B.89
WT. eo. 60. GO. IjG AND 100 LBII.
--3.20"-,
,,,
,,
,'<-------"'7.00-----
..;
~
CAMBRIA STEEL.
SPECIAL BUMS.
,,
~
f
?,,
8.127
WT. 106. no ANI) M tBS.
,,
,,
i"--.--:,
,
.,
:3
( - ,,
---
,
, - ----_. 7>" --:
,
10 CAMBRIA STEEL.
STANDARD CEU.NNELS.
C.,
n.4, 0 .. ftD II LIIB .
.,n'"
'm:,". ~'I
o.g
:,)-- 11" n. O.2~. e.u
~ \ . "nuoUIII
.,~ \:.;28'" 18"
I '~ 0. 17
WT. 8, 10.0. 13 AIID 13.0 LII8
~! 21"
','f" u" a :u -r
g WT. IUO, I~U. lcl.U. 17.26 "m
C'if AIID 111.76 LBB. .,.I
J . ~1 _h::::.':'"====,~,:.====~C:J". .Y..
:--------------- 7'" -------------.;
W2~"
T' 13 U 25 f
~ n. 11,~.1S.10lO.2614.'16 ~
AIID n26 lJIJ. e<i
, ~=====~ .L
1".
:...-
32"'
-- -------
2'"
8"' .-----..;
1
CAMBRIA STEEL.
STANDAB.D CBANNl!LS.
~J1S~
r
;
~
Q~
'h ~
~
~ W'I'. lS.'&.~. ao AIfD:lO LBB. g
ri
I ,_S3 ~ ~3~ &0 !
.L,~"::!::=====::I======~::::j _ to
f..----------------~-----g"o-----------------~
M.",l'
r, ,,' -t
U33
"g W'I'. 1&. :10.. ~ 30 AlfD LBB.
":g
" .,1
'," I ~~~"M=~==~U~======~~
Lj-
~-------------------10~-------- -----------. ~
~'8"
041
T
"
WT. llO.&. llII. 30. all AlfD 4OLBB.
~
.1'" .t.
~ -, ... ,
-----------------13!!!.---------------------..j
,. CAMBRIA. STEEL.
CHANNELS.
6P.au.t.I8~~
,1<---3.011'-- >1,
r, .~. :::f~"
<,..-
,,
,,
,,
,,
,, , 0.53
0.65
,,
"ro
~
.47"
""'~ ....
W'I'.~.OO.M;
",
~
~
w't. 33. 3~.
W. AND
.,,'
~6
40,4{1,
tJl6.
,,,
,
,,
,,;
,, tt..
,, -'-- ,
-:;;..,.
,, '-.i:
' 00'
.
~---3.40 ~ -- +!
'
- - ,
!<- ----3.77:---~
."'",
CAMBRIA STEEL.
"
SHIP CHANNELS.
C.88
WT. 15. ~ AND 17 G LB8.
":s
<?,
,
.~5~ .3~~ -41" '
,
_:L.f..:::====C=::::.1 ~-'-
,'<;____ _ ___ - - 6 "._-- -- - - __ -..I'
, '
, a 88 30~-T
,
,~ WT.11IJ.ND:n.Gl.lI8. ~i
~
~
?,
",'
<?
t ~~~ .41" .~3" '
,
.L~ 1 -'::===j'::===~'~I~ ,,-
,~---------6---------~
" '
-r- ,;"";.48"
'
a. 89 .30~ -r,
, '8
.:I
I W'l'. :1(.1.\1 AND 23.8 LD8.
? 1
_LI_'::
~
-=~="===~jt"======'~"
~
-::tJ. I
1*------- -----7-----------~
CA MBR I A ST EEL .
SHIP CKANNELS.
r~A8~
T,
, 0.101
..," -,,,
.'0 w, ~U AND ~4. 6 LBS.
"$l
~ ,;,
,,
,; ,
, ,,
,, ,.115" .~" .03"".. -~
,
-----..,,
~
---
io.j.43"
---------8':..--
' , -,
1,, 0. 103
.."
"0
~
'NT. 23.6 AND n.llBS.
',;8
,;
,,, :,
, ,..," .W" .,," < J.
~-
:.- ---8" - ~
0. gO .30'C! T,
\liT. 21.7 AND :uI.6 LI!S
"
~
"8
~
~ ro,
,;, ,
,,
,, b 4O" .an" .47" ,
J_ , '-
,
.... ------ -----1O~------ ----- ....,
,, , ,1<";.41"
.w" -,,
0.92 ,
.'
0
~
,;
WT. 27.2 ANO 31.a LS3.
"m
~
,;
,,
,
1-
,..," ~" .47"
-,
l+---- ----- -------lO~---------- ----.,.,
CAXBRIA STEEL.
"
STANDARD ANGLES WITH EQUAL LEGS.
A.17
W'l'. 1.07 TO
7.7 LBS.
A.15
n. ~ . 44 TO 'i"" "",~,~;4~:TO
37.4 LBS.
GoO LBB.
""
'" 3'
WT.2G.4TO
DGoO L88.
,. CAMBRIA I:lTEEL.
)- -'"" A.97
""~ WT. 8.& TO
,;>~ 18.8 1.89.
)" \".
"
A. 103
W'I'. 8.7 'rO
/~ '. / ";" . A.93
, ', IiT... ~ TO ~~3<1.3 LJlI:I.
~
:.?./:'" 11.0 wtI.
/ "'v ./ ""\}'
'/ "
CAXBBlA STEEL. 17
SPECIAL ANGLES.
A 47
, {, W"I'. 12.8 ro
~, ~ I.8 lJl8.
,
",
''''~
A. 135
, n. u.oro
" lliI.&LBS
,
, <. , A. lOO
" ~ .. VIT. I,"Oro
.' ...._,;. 32.3 LlJS
A. ll2
VIT. 23.0 '1'0
.,,~
CAliotBBIA STEEL.
BULB ANGLES.
~ t
,,
~
-,Y
. ,- ~{C.
,
J '. ," t
4 "
>.t .~,
L' L
,, ,,
. ,-~ ":!.
,
.". A. 171
W't. 10- 2 lJIS
,L
~"
j
~
,
", , I"
.... -.....
. '",
,
5"
T,
, A 177
j.,
,
,,
.l
~ -------'-6"
~- ,
,,
, A , 170
C~ WT. ~,7.l7.6 "ND IIH LB9.
,,,
~
r-.43~ L. ~ ,
,,
, .," .7:L~{
.t 2~~ 1 "i
~.-.- .. ------4"------- ~
CA lIl BRIA STEEL.
BULB ANGLES.
r, .M
,,
, A.183
1"--------- -- -9~- --
.
H'.
'
y11'
~"'"
.~.
,
,C
':q
' L
...
T,, ~"
,,
A. l85
W'I', :n e. 'l(I, I AIm . . A LB.'i ,
""':'!, ,". . M"
.901'.:~.-'$.,. ,,611
"..
,
-
I .&0 , L
DOOR-SPREADER.
0 .250 CRANE RAIL.
W'I'. lit.' LDS. NO. 639
:. -------4J '~------ -~ WT. 00 t.BS: (PIn!l'OOT)
-f i
.00" ;'
.
:<----- ------ --6"
.1",.
-: ._- -~;" ---.-1-
..
.
'"!' - ":'
-------.;
=.:: ~
.'
,
Ql
'--. c
;8
STANDARD BEAMS.
'~ ~
,g
'0
\~
!
\:! IJ,
I
'eg 'g
,,
;,.. i
'.
,,
, ,
i~
.',
... \
'~
~ \~ \' ,9.
"':1'
.-
.
:;..~
,;" I'.. ~
,, "'-:'"
.,.._J
CAMBBIA STEEL. 2.
STANDARD CHANNELS
i.:l
u
'0
.~
K
e J JJ
"-
~
-e ... . Ii- J ~
~
..", "X":;:I-.::I
"I x...
~
~
+
I
" '''' O.,g
I> !J"!e
:;.. .
, 0
0
=
A I
~ ~1"iZ]1 A...
3 ... "l! i ~
_ I
~
~ + "8" % _8
I .
"
, .I II-1e~
Q
~
l!.
.,,
;:.; I
"0
~
~ ! Ji ~ .I "~I~
! ~ -~"
I
.,'"
~
-- 0
~ ~
0
~
0 ~
0
~
k -- p__-__+
N-:---~:--I"1 -~n~n-l
"
24 CAMBRIA STEEL.
A I...... ,.,.ritty of.nlalL fora;np not lI.t~ .bo~ can be fumilhed to order.
.. CAM BRIA STEEL.
STEEL SQUARES.
All sizes from h" to 31" increasing by /r"
All sizes from :.It" to 5f' increasin g by t"
STEEL BAND ROU N DS.
All sizes from t" to 31'\" increasing by h"
All sizes from 31" to it" increasing by i"
All sizes from 71" to 8" increasing by t"
STEEL GUIDE ROUNDS.
All sizes from h" to I " increasing by n"
All sizes from 1" to I I" increasin g by nil
All sizes from I f' to It" increasing by h"
All sizes from I t" to 21" increasing by t"
STEEL INGOT S.
DllUSlon 01 IOIJ).
I~II. __ I ~h
..
'
'f.i(ll
,.... . ...
_ _''''
__ 'WL
..... .......
23+ x 20 Open H. or B.
Wi x 16t
Uf x 19+
~ x22t
28! x 221
30 x 25t
"" 7100
'30'
34+ x 22+
381 x 22f
36
41}
x 25t
x 251
"
74
74
11100
14100
' 5200
O pen Hearth
51+ x 23 53 x 26 74 20350
Mtx23 56 x 26 74 243011
"281 ."281
34
x
30.30
30t x SOt
38 x 32
74
96
96
15100
19500
23100
46 . "
x 28 oox32 96 30IlOO
Sizes of hot or cold ingots will vary slightly from the above
dimension s.
OAXBRIA S TEEL. .7
REGULAR FLATS.
men... men..
'"'"'
il,
31
J
II
'I
31
,:1
,'I
,II n
7
71
'I 8
STEEL BILLETS .
I~.,.
MAXIMUM LENGTHS OF
WIDTH IN INCR!!II .
, 11
' 10' 10 30 301'" 30i'" '" " , 301'" '" 30 " I" I'" "
'I
3 ~"''''W''''''''''''30'W'30~'''3030
WMWWWWMWWW~WW OOWWWW
1"
12 3030: 30 30 30, 28 'tl
1
30 30 30 28 26 25 23 17 16 16 15
""
15
1
302826 .. "21 20 IS 15"
26 241231 II
14 13113
22 21 20 19 1-4 13 13 12
"
17
18
I t(J 19 18 15 13 12 12
181 12 121111
!9 16 12 12 11 11
2<l 11 1110 10
- -
M inimum Length for siU'S included by heavy lilies - I t feet.
Minimum Length other sizes _ 3 feet.
--
Under certain conditions other Sil-e~ t han those listed
C.u.l.BRIA STEEL. .9
WIDTB IN lNCBZS .
UlfGTB I N nn.
~aa~a~~j~~~Jj~j~~jj~j~ ~
3(1
1 1
SO 3(1 30 30 30 30 30 !9 29 30 !9 28 27 30 30 ~ 28 27 thO 30 31
3(1 SO 30 30 30 28 27 27 U U 30 U 24 24 30 30 2l) t5 2.4 24 28 ~ <I
3(1 30 30 30 30 21i 24 24 23 2:2 30 22 22 21 30 30 2Z !t 21 21 21i 24 <It
~~I ~~3023~21~0030'
1 1 1
001~li30I 30WI9191922~ 5
30 30130 29121 20 19 19 1880 18118 17 28 28 181817172020 1 5.
30 30 29 28 27 19 18 18 17 16271' 17 16 1626 U 16 116 16: 16118 18 6
27UU24~16151514t4Ul~t4t322211414131~1~1l)
1 7
U 222I WI4 13 13ISI22012121219191!12 12121413 8
2100191918:121211 1111181111181717 1: 11 10101212 9
1
19 18 17 17 16 11 11 10 10 10 16 10 9 9 15 15 10 10 9 9 11 11 10
1
1716 1615 Hi 10 10 9 9 914 9: 9 81414 9 9 8 81010 11
1 1 1 1
IS 151<1 1<1 IS 9 9 9 8 813 8 8 813,12 8 8 8 8 9 9 12
1413UIS12 881 88; 7121 '171 712[11 778813
13 1312 12 11 8 8 7 71 711 7 71 611 11 7 7 6 6 8 7 14
'~I
12 12 II It 11 7 7 7 7 611 6 6 610 10 6 6 6 7 16
1211111010
11 11 I
10 I 9 9 9
1' 1101988
_' _ 9 888
1
9 9
1 I
I
,
1I __
"
17
18
I'
20
SQUARE BILLETS.
WITH ROUll'D c OJUQ:as.
...
,.... -
~..,.~ .w-.. t.arIk.
'0< '0< 0
H x 1t
2 x2
21 x 21
30
30
30 ""
2! x2.
3 x3
30
30
""
11
x.
3t x 31 16
16
11
1I11
5 x,
H x4t 16
16
, x,
6t x 5. 16
16
1\
1\
--
SHEET AND TIN BARS.
......
y.,"
.....
,,
ytlgMpor
, .. , Lc(IL
...... -- --
'0<
1li;A;.u,
'0<
,, ,71 30
30
25
25
,, 9
10
11
30
30
30
"201
25
,,, .
12
13
30
30
30
20}
201
16
1
,,, 15
16
30
30
16
161
161
,, 17
18
19
30
30
30
13
13
,,, 20
21
22
30
30
30
13
13
13
,,, "
23
25
,...0
30
30
30
16
13
'I
'I
1\
,
C AMBRIA STEEL.
"
EDGED PLATES.
mCDD II I1Cl11S.
.....
m "'11 1,..1, 1,, 111,.. 1, 1, 1t 11111H 1112
S-27 75
"" """""""".
85 ' 85
LDGTII II nI'!.
50 .
42
28
.," """" S5
. .
"" "" "" "" """ """ """ "" """ " 62 81
18
67
54
42
40
52 44 39
"" "" " " "" "" "" "" .." " .,. "
31
"" " 75 60 50
13 49
37
36
"
33 S5 S5 S5 S5 S5 S5 S5 S5 81 71 57 40 3S
34 S5
"S5 S5
" " " . ."
S5 S5 S5 69 34
3S
36 S5" "
S5
""
S5
S5 " 0..62" .
S5 S5 S5 S5
S5 S5 S5 S5 74
67 33
37 32
.... I
meum! II I1CliIS.
I
.... ,065I.070 .016 I.081'0851'090
1 1
I I 1.095..100 .11I
Ll!GTI II fD!.
I.135I
,125
1 1
I.. tG5
..150
,
S-13 20 20 20 26 26
a-Iti
24
" 26 26 26 26 26 26
17-19 18 18 18"
20 20 20 20 20
27-28 " " " " " " "20 "" "" "
16
18 20
26
26 26
26 26
""" 16 16
20 20
20 20 "
29-30 12 12 12 16 18 18 18 26 26
81'" " 18 18 18 22 24 24
"
10 10 10 16
30 CAMBRIA STEEL.
SHEARED PLATES.
nIelllSS I. 1ltuS.
Widllo
....
;. ,\ I
I I hi I
I h I I I h I I I 1/
ImIUI LUOTt l' IleilS.
, , , ,
>1--35 400 525 575 600 600 600 600 600 a75
30-35 375 525 550 600 600 625 '25 600 575
36- 41 375 475 525 550 550 575 575 575 575
42- 47 400 525 550 575 600 600 600 575 575
4>-53 400 52-5 575 600 600 600 600 600 575
54-59 400 525 550 600 600 625 625 600 575
60- .. 375 525 550 600 600 625 625 6iIII 575
66- 71 35<1 475 500 575 575 600 600 600 575
7'~ 77 425 450 550 '75 575 575 57'
78-83
'25
400 42' '"475 500 525 525 525 525
84-89 375 400 425 450 475 475 475 475
90-95 3'15 550 37' 400 425 42' 425 425
96-101 '00 32' 35<1 375 400 400 400 400
102-107 275 300 3" 35<1 375 375 37' 3i5
108-113 250 275 300 325 35<1 35<1 35<1 35<1
114-119 175 200 225 2511 275 27' 275 276
120-125 175 200 225 2511 250 2;0 250
126 175 175
..... n l tI5 1 1n l m l lM l m l l~ l m l t~
11...
.... 01
mctnsS n iJCiIS.
I 2
,-
IllIIUI. LUGTI iJ IICiIS.
4511 3511
"5 55'
'"500 '"475 5" 500
4511 4511 '400" "5
375 3511
24-29
30-35
"5
'"
5511 5" 500 475
475
475 4004511
'"'" "5 3511 36- 41
"5
'" '" 500 500
525
500
4511
400
400
475
500
"5 ."
375 3511
42- 47
4>-83
"5
'" "5
4511 400 375 '511 54-59
"5
'" '" '" '" 4" 400
500
3511 325 00-65
'" '"
575
'" '" '" 375
475
325
"5
575
'"
'" '" 525
525 500 500 "5 "5 375
500 475 4511 4511 "5 375
475
'" '" '" 3511
275
0>-71
n-77
18-83
~ 1127 1127 1127T 127 1 127 1127 1127 1127 1127 1 Dia& .1 ....
l.alia . .
.... ..
STANDARD I BEAMS.
.....
.....
--
- '::.,." ,1I't,..
I - ...-...---
, I .... '
...-
~." ' 'I'oiek... . (
8ocIio.
1'1.,1.,- Jo<~,
... ,,11.. .,
,- - !if.:..."
"'''
". ,. 3 1.63
1.91
.17
.26
2.33
2.42
2
89 4
7.' 2.21
2.21
." I
.19
2.52
2
I
7.'
8.'
9.'
2."
2.79
.26
.34
2."
2.73
2.81
to.5 3.09 .41 2.88
B 13
9.75
I 12.25 2.87
3.60
.21
."
'.00
3.16
2
, 14.75
12.25
4.34
3.61
.60
23
3.29
3.33
2
" 17
14.75 4.34 .35 3A5
B21
7
17.25
15.0
'.07
4.42
.47
.25 ,...
3.&7
2
17.5 5.15 .35
'" ,
.... I
" 20.0 '.88 .46 3.87
825 18.0 .27 4.00
"
".,.
8 '.33
.35 4.01
,"
22.75 '.59 .44 4.17
25,25 7.43 ,53 4.26
.29 9 21.0 6.31 I .29 4.33
25.0 7.35 .<1 4,45 "
30.0 8.82 .57 4.61 "
833
10
35.0
25.0 I
11).29
7.37 I
.n
...
.31
4.71
4." ,
"
30.0
35.0
8.82
10.29 .60
'.80
4,95
40.0 11.76 .70 5.10
841 :U.5 I 9.26 .55 3
" 35.0
40.0
10.29
1\.76
.44
.58
'.00
'.09
.2\
42.0 I I .41 4
....."
"53 15 12.48 '.60
".0 13.2<1 .46
5<1.0 14.71 .56
"
"
".0
60.0
--
16.18
17.65
.66
.70 ....
6.7a
---
Orden and inquiriel col\Ol'crnina: 12 in. 40 lb .. l~ in. 00 lb" and 151n. SO lb.
Il\cams I hould aLI<> l pecily by Section Num ber.
CAMBRIA S TEEL. s,
WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS OF
J::.
....
--- I ... ~
STANDARD I- BEAMS.
-- --
l .. ..
. . tp
.......
--
-
u..f
Soc\ioio.
&j.b..
.....~
I ~-
...
Iniek... of, - ....icIlk
- '"
...&
"""'-
I u.,
--- ---
.. _\>or of
18 65.0 15.93 .46 '.00
60.0 17.65 .56 6.10
65.0 19.12 .54 6.18
B13
20
70.0
65.0 I
20.59
19.08
.n
.50
6.26
6.25
7
70.0
75.0 ,2.0,
20.59 .58
.M
'.33
6.40
B89 24 SO.O 23.32 .50 7.00 8
8.\.0 25.00 .57 7.07
90.0 26.47 .63 7.13
95.0 27.94 .69 7.19
100.0 29.41 .75 I 7.25
---
--
WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS OF SPECIAL I-BEAMS.
...... I~c..~'
h_...
Wril!'"'
,. - -.......
!rM" . fIIid 01 1 'l'i'1Io of
51.ioB.
&j.ID. !
.,lib.
I~ 1 _
'i!: of
i ...
- --
.46 ,
B 105
"
40.0
45.0
50.0
11.84
13 .U
14.71
.,
.58
.70
5.25
5.37
5.49
65.0 16.18 5.61
B 109 15 SO.O 17.67 .59 6.00 5
65.0 19.12 .69 6.10
70.0
75.0
SO.O
20.59
22.06
23.65
.78
.88
.98 ."
6.19
6.39
B 11 3 15 SO.O 23.57 .80 6.40 5
8.\.0 25.00 .90 '.50
00.0 26.47
." 6.59
95.0
100.0
27.9.1
29.41
1.09
1.19 ." 6.69
B 121
20
SO.O
85.0
00.0
23.13
2tI.00
26.47
...
.60
.74
7.00
7.06
7.14
7
95.0
100.0
27.94
29.4 1
.81
.88
7.21
7."
30.98 .63
B 127
24
10,).0
11 0.0 32.48 I .69
7.88
7.94
9
115.0 33.98
I .75 , 8.00
--
Orders and inQuiri .. concern;n, 12 in. 40 lb .. 15 ill. 60 lbo, and 15 in. 80 lb.
IBeaml should also lpectfy by Section Number.
36 CAMBR I A STEEL.
.39
3.18
2.94
3.05
"
11
"
30.0
35.0
8.82
10.29
.51
.64
3.17
3.30
"
"
40.0 11.76 .76 3.42 "
CAMBRIA STEEL. '7
WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS OF
.. ,--
STANDARD CHANNELS.
-
.....bot.
c 86
.".. r...
CIo .... l
,- ....... ....."
, . - - -~I-
""ia:~1
15.2
.~
4.46
...
ni<k...
."
,-"
-
-:U~ ....
"idt~
,...- --
I.. ~..
3."
l_i.T.
f...
Toip.L
.04'
..
..._bot tI
13
~
C88 ,
17.6
19.0
~.18
5.58
.41
.41
3.82
...,
13
C89 1
21.6
20.9
6.36
6.1~
.54
.45
3."
3.69
3.4~
.Ol2
13
C 101 ,
23.8
21.5
6."
6.30
.57
.40
3.57
3.50
.031
IS
, ... I
24.' 7.26 .52 3.62
C 103 23.' 7.00 3." .031 13
COO
10
27.1
21.7
25.8
7.96
6.38
7.63
.62
....,.
.38
3.62
3.38
3."
.02'
I 14
C92 10
27.2 7." 3."
3.62
.02'
14
" 31.3 9.19 .66
9.30 .38 4.00 .023 II
C 95 13
"
35
31
10.29
10.88 ...
.4, 4.118
4.12
,.
"
..
40
45
11.76
13.24 ." I
.03
4.19
4.011
,
55
14.71
16.18
.19
.00
4.42
4.53
C55
18
...
45
55
13.2.5
14.71
16.18
17.65
.47
.55
.63
.72
3.77
3.85
3.93
I
.016
12
" 4.0'
38 CAMBRIA STEEL.
!IooIioa
h...
"'. '_A
~
Iruck ,' "tIc~\
....
lDe1.
"
I:.. s.c.
uta
hi.... S,.IJII.
..... .1-.1
Ja-
,.....
..'"1'"1 ~
.....
I.el.
I:..
.
"",,,.Iu.
&IcLiN.
-- --
Ail Ii X tt 1.23 .36 A23 4 8.2 2.40
Hx It
Ii X 1
+
1.80
2.34
.53
.69
4
4 "" nY 9.8 2.36
3.31
,, "" 'i'
11.3
I It X Ii h 2.86 .84 4 ! 12.8 3.75
4 ,4
A 15 2 2: n 2.44 I .72
14.3 4.18
4.61
"" III
X 15.7
" 2 " I 3.19
3.92
.94
..
l .. "" ItI ,
,
17.1 5.03
....
"
" 22 ,2
" 'i'
n
'.7
5.3
1.15
1.36
1.56 4
18.5
19.9
21.2
5.44
5.84
'.23
2 "
2 " ! '.0 I 1.75
, "
1.19 " , "
A 17 2+ 2+ h 3.07 .90 A 27 I 14.9 U6
X
, n
"
"
"
2+ 2+
X
2+ X 2!
2i X 2t
2i X 2i
tn
4.1
5.0
5.9
' .8
1.47
1.7:)
" , ""
'.00 " ,
"
" ,
""" +
17.2
19.6
2\.9
24.2
5.00
5.75
6.43
7.11
A I' 3
2+ X 2* !
I
7.7 2.2l'i
,
I " ,, " 1 31.0
1.44
"
26.5
28.7
7.78
8.44
""" I
'.9 9.09
" 3
3 h '.1 1.78 " ," V
7.2
8.3
2.11
2.43 " ,"
" " It
33.1
35.3
9.73
10.37
" 3
" 3
3
"" 'i'h 9.4
10.4
2.75
3.00
37.'
" I 11.00
3t "3t
1
I A 35 8 ,8 ! 26.4 7.75
8
A 21
"
X
3i X 3t
h
I
7.2
8.'
9.8
2.09
2.48
2.87
8 ,8 " !. 29.6
I 32.7
35.8
8.68
9.61
10.53
"
3t X 3!
3!:< 3!
h
1I.1
12.4 I 3.25
3.62
" 8
8 ,8
" 8
" 1It 33.'
42.0
11.44
12.34
....
"
"
3!:< 3.
3.:< 3.
+ 13.6
14.8
3.98
4.01
" 8
8 "" ItI 45.0
48.1
13.23
14.12
""" 11 54.'
3.:< 3t II
..
31"1
3!:< 3
3b3.
I
V 18.3
16.0
17.1
4.69
5.03
5.36
" 8
"
" 8
8
"
I
I"
----
61.0
5...
lli.OO
15.87
16.73
.
,~,
"
,
A91 2; X 2
2t X 2
2t X 2
,.....
. " :'. ,: -
h
h
t
r'~ ~ '
2.75
3.62 1.06
4..5
.81
1.31
s.u..
I.....
A 99 4. 1'3
:. 1 4 1'3
4 X3
D'-Iou. 1':,;- 1'=~1 ~.
7.2
8.5
it- 9.8
1001.
,w. ......1
,~'
h
- . .
IooLioa.
209
2.48
2.87
2} :<2 -t 5.3 1.&5 4. 1'3 ; 11.1 3.25
2i X 2 it- 6.1 1.78 " 4. '{ 3 /r 12.4. 3.62
2b 2 ; 6.8 1 2.00 " 4 1'3 t 13.6 3.98
A 93 3 1'2; ~ t " 4. 1'3 it 14.8 4.34
3 X 2t II :.~ I~" 41'3 t 16.n 4.69
3 2} , ', ,'92" 4 1'3 tf 17.1 5.03
" X I
"'
~
"
"
3
"
X
,, "I
2; 7:6
',",
.
2:22"
','"',,"
.
4. 1'3
AIOI 5 1'3
"
-h 8.1
51'3.9.8
i 18.3 5.36
2.40
2.86
A95 3; 1'2; t 4.9 1.44 : 5 1'3 Tr 11.3 3.31
"
at 1'2;
3;" 2; h 6.1 1.78
"" ~5 ~1'3~
~.~ ~.!~
Il"':; 1~i Ug
Stx2; 1 15.7 4.61
" 3; 1'2;
t 3t1'2t
j 3t 1'2t
I~:: 3.36"
l: II.:; ~:~.: :;~ ~ 3~ :u ~:~
..
3; x2t Il
31" 2;
12.5
13,4
3.M"
3.9.1
AI03 5
X
5 1'3
1'3;
ttl
*1
19.9
21.2
8.7
:;.84
6.23
2.56
H'
'I3; "3 (i.6
7.9
1.93 "
2.30 "
5
5
1'3;
1'3; n
10.4.
12.0
3.05
3.53
"
'" X 9.1 2.M " 5 X 3t ; 13.6 4.00
...... ,'I""
3t :ot3 10.2 3.00 " 5 1'3; h 15.2 4.47
11.4. 3.34 " 5 1'31 t- 168 4,92
Six 3 12.5
13.6 3.67
4.00 "" 5
5 X3
1'3 :Il; ',',:,', 5.37
5.81
..
3; 1'3
3;" 3
3i X 3
14.7
15.8
16.8
4.31"
4.62"
4,92"
5
5
5
1'3;
1'3;
1'3;
21.3
22.7
24.2
6.25
6.67
7.09
Ioctioa I~ ~
I: SecIlDD.
~r lJortiOIl It~
- -I: I s.c.
'~or
...
... -..... I....
,'"" ity
17.1 18.\ 5.31
,, ,31
,31
Y 18.9
20.6
'.03
'.55
,'"".
20.0
21.8
,.so
....
, 31
, "I
,31 I
24.0
25.7
28.9
7.116
7.55
8.03
8.50
.. '" If
, "4
'" tI ""
23.'
28.9
30.6
7.47
7.98
8.50
9.00
WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS or SPECIAL ANGLES. '" I
-,,1 -
EQUAL LEGS.
Id 1
-- ., ~.17 A41 - - - - - - - ".11.31..
I .... ......
J.....
21 x 2t
IDcL ' , . - .
y ,.\'.3 4.'
, 1 r. .84 .25
21 x 2t 1.55
A37 d I .80 .23 21 x 2t r. 1.78
d r. 1.16
...
.34 A43 2tx 2t r. 3.39 1.00
''I'1"1, Yy ,.,,.,
d 1 1.49 2tx21 I 4.' 1.31
1.62
A98 Iid l I 1.01 .30 1.92
t x It h 1.48 .43
,,'" I
t.n .56 7.' 2.22
It X It I ~!x ~t 8.' 2.50
A40 \tx If h 2.1~
."
.81 A47 12.3 3.61
...... ~
""'" ,-. - ,.."1:'*- I i~rt P\&lI.I1":
~
- LIIo.
ru.k_ .
1Itio..
'u
Sq.Iu.
.Ql'
-
I
Ox-
--
!'I.[ot.. I,uUo -. ""iiirj -
J.or~ olhlb. of kill. ."zol
.
.
[IlL - ~-
--_.
Soctioa.
BEAM TABLES.
Tables of safe loads for beams and channels and spacings of
I-Beams for floors are given with explanatory notes on pages 82
to 117 inclusive.
BEAMS AS GIRDERS.
In some cases two or more beams may be bolted together side by
side to form a girder, in which case cast iron separators with bolts
should be used to hold the various members together. Separators
should be placed at each end of the girder, at points of concen-
trated loading, and for uniform loading should be located at dis-
tances apart not greater than twenty times the width of the small-
est beam flange, in order to laterally support the upper flanges
which are in compression and prevent their failure by buckling.
The separators should preferably fit closely between the beam
flanges so as to unite the beams forming the girder and thereby
cause them to act together in resisting the load. Tables of Stand-
ard and Special Separators are given on pages 54 and 55.
CONNECTION ANGLES.
When beams are coped or fitted together at right angles, con-
nection angles are generally used, standards for which, covering
usual cases, are shown on pages 43, 44 and 45. Explanations and
tables of limiting spans for which these standards may be used are
given on pages 46 and 47. Beams may be fitted together thus with
flush tops or bottoms or in intermediate positions, as required in
cases where the girder or trimmer beam is the larger. In cases
where the girder or trimmer beam is the smaller, special stirrups
or other connections are required .
fil Iffi
It.J
~.
'"r,
. .1 .. . . , .
. -t -"t-+-I
1."",,,2~J.,~~!.2~-W
'. I
I~
.....
., -.-
. ' .q
.,
2'':'11~>''::''l'' '1'
.~ t_ ''''-0'1'''\ l'
'"~'l! - ' ! !-,-+I
1~2!~~':;'2!;2!;"W2f1-Pr
.-x t
.'It A!(Ol.:.I(O' i.OlCO .."I: .'ll t"AlfOUl.UJ"WIIO
.u.L RlVft8 OR BOL'IS TO 11. t"DlAllftm .lLL OPD BOLKII '1'0 U1fDl.&KnD
44 CAMBRIA STEEL.
;p .------11 Q
-"- ---01 . ---'1-
o O( ~
----"'-fi1. c?
o '( 1>0-- --"-
---o( D0- 2 --"
~
DEPTH OF BE!MS.
Inches,
A B C D E
--- ------ ---
Main Opposite
Inches, In,h,., In,hes, ID,he Inohes.
Beam. Beam.
- - - - -- --- ---
* 0
_.-
0
0
0
0
f>O--- --<<i
-.- 0 Po() --~
,.....
tlPTl 01 lUllS.
- -- - - - - - - - - -
...
..... .... ,....
Op,oIilO
B
low"
- ...
C
, ,"'-
0
--- - - -
~
I. ~W :w
is
x 2X
1~
,s
19 .~ 3~
~ ~~ ~~
" 10
12
ax !S ;~
~~
I.,.
""
"
'3," ~~{ 2X
~~
~~
x
~H
2M
!~
I.
4 4 4
~9
3, ~ ~~ 2M
~~
U
:~
2U
""
18
iti." ~
!~
I.
2.
~
'" '"fi,!i
3,~
!~ ~
~" Or
tg
!a
1 ~ ".
'~,
'~
~
il
cut beam bIl.ck J.i" or
,,--
CAMBRIA STEEL .
C'
, '.0
5.0
111l
1.1
0.8
CII
7 12.25 2.6
14.75 U
111l
CSS
I....
10
%5.0
30.0
111l
5.5
6.2
6.0 0.8 17.25 2.6 35.0 7.0
19.75 2.9
C' 5.26 1.9
C4I 20.5 5.4
6.26 1.5
7.26 U
8
11.25
13.75
16.25
M
3.4
3.0
" 25.0 4.8
30.0 5.4
CI3 5 6.5 2.8 18.75 3.3 35.0 6.0
C" ,
9.0 2.1 21.26 3.6 40.0 6.6
11.5 2.5
13.25 5.4
C 17
6
8.0
10.5
3.9
3.0
15.00 4.6
20.00 4.1
C'"
"
33.0
35.0
7.4
7.1
13.0 3.5 ".00, 4.7 40.0 7.0
15.5 3.9 45.0 1.5
CSS 10 15.0 6.6 50.0 8.1
CII 7 9.75 3.4 20.0 1 U 55.0 8.7
CAMBRIA STEEL.
YIc~1
.
JIlaj.
... ...... . .-
-
w,
IIopUo "q~!
--
I~i'
w,
,~ ,~
.
"
--
-- -- --
. ..,
I.....
----
, ,., -
7_'
,-
1.7
1., 8 "
1.,
- -- f - - -
_ ~jPoua.
10
,5.0
30.0
35.0
,-
..
'-' B 113 15
8.1
.
--
...........-
,~
95.0 11.5
100.0 18.1
40.0
B ,
,., ,.,
7.'
8.'
'.8
" .1 I' 31.5 7.'
"65 \8
55.0
60_0
65.0
13.1
11.9
U.S
,-,
10.5
'.0
35.0
40.0
7.7
82
10.0 12.4
8 I'
, ,., 9.15 '.1 8 lOS I' 40.0 '.0 B73 20
65.0 13.9
12.25 70.0 12.5
14.15 3.7
45.0
50.0 102 15.0 12.S
"17 ,....
1'-"
65.0 10.8
B121 20 80.0 14.S
8'1 7
14.15
'.3 ""
11-"
..
15.00,
I'
45.0 ...
42.0 10.2
60.0 '.7
85.0
90.0
95.0
15.2
15.1
16.2
65.0 10.3
'M' ,..,
100.0 16.7
B25
8
17.50 '.8
1S.OO
20-" '.1
"1"
I'
60.0 10.8
"
!!
~
12.2~
14.76
17..26
11.. .00
17. 60
*
,'"
80.0
~8:8
96.0
'00.0
~~
I~ :: 190
M
~ ){
20.00 ISM
60.0 t+ l~"'"
~ 18.00 ~Pi .0 It
20..26 70.0
22.76
211.26 66.0
70.0
~}i it l~,tt
~ 1 1~R
~ 21.0
211.0 *~ 76.0
gg 8 :+
"l
10
"
:
26.0
30.0
2 ~
80.0
81\.0
90.0
96.0
100.0
" 36.0
40.0
~ 80.0 4
1* 3Ui
311.0
40.0
*~,
iM: 9,!,
86.0
90.0
96.0
>00.0
~ 411
1* 40.0
46.0
60.0
. . .0
."
."
It
H
1011.0 4
110.0
11(;.0
CAMBRIA STEEL. 4.
STANDARD SPACING 01' RIVET AND BOLT HOLES
IN FLANGES AND CONNECTION ANGLES 01'
CHANNELS, AND TANGENT DISTANCES BE-
TWEEN PILLETS MEASURED ALONG THE WEB.
rL.--
i_~
......,.
of '1'01(11.. m qT
.,.......
"''I'o!C~l m T
1- - - - - - - - 1 - - 1 - -
I.u.. Lk,..h. la<Mt. 111("-. In. l ula I"... Lbe.,...PI. 11I(u.. I~ I .. IIc~ ..
~ 13.26
16.00
..
" 20.00
" 26.00
,,.
. 0
19
"
11S.O
20.0
26.0
~ 8.0
:: gg:8
10.6
13.0
16.6 It'! 20~
Z 9.76
"" ~8:8
36.0
12.26 " 40.0
14.76
17.26
19.76
1~ 33.0
36.0
!! 11.26
18.76
"
"
40.0
46.0
16.26 " 60.0
18.76 " 66.0
CAMBRIA STEEL.
.- ....
I-BEAMS, CHANNELS .
....
"f
,...... ......
li.'" ""f- "f,.
"'irit .1 Woic't Votrlt
,.... ~,...1I. 1
. ...
, , I
linta.
M. ~,
, "" ~
,
,.
12.26
..
~ 61:1.0 8.00
8
16.00 2.
2. 66.0
80.0 .\ 9.70 ;,'
18.00 ~i 8 11.26 ~1
,. 21.00
26.00
24
.4
80.0
10ll.0 13.20
16.00
20.60
"
31.110
40.00
"" 33.00
"'1"--11 ~
~
,.
'__
.f.t.,
..,.
",.
m
~....
lint
":r'
",.
m
ANOLES .
.....
kine.
'T m
....
Ii,,!.
... '" -- - -
,- ,- I-
'':-1,- I. I-
I '- I I- ,-
ff
m~
~
2M " ~ '" 2" 1 ,, ~
,M 4
HI ~,' ,
' Yo I ~~ ""
2'. l ~
r, ,
3
I t'
4 ',
3 t~(
3', ~ ).j j'l ! I
~"
4
I ~ 8H 8 4~ 3 1!-.
CAMBRIA STEEL. 81
t-.8MO-b) ,~
_ thlc:t_ 01 plate lu incbeo.
_lmith of plate In I""bee, in a din!CUon ptrptlldlcul:Lr to the am of the
beo.m or cllannel.
b _ width of fIa ...e of beam or c .... nncl ;n Inc"""'.
R .. ..,.ctlon at point of ."pport in pound .
For uniformly dl.trlbuted load., R -one-....If of tbe ..... d ,Iven In Tables of Safe
t.o..d paKCI SS b) 1M inch";ve.
p _.. allowable .t..- In pOunda [lO'r MlLlare Inch on ext.reme 6bre of Plale.
b' .. width of plate In tbe direction of the Llio of the beIlm or channel;;, , .
banna on wall;1\ inches.
If p .. 16 000 Ibt. for otee\ ...... have
R
t .. ,OO6M 0 - b) .\ b'1
~.PI.E.
Wbat It the propn'm.. of otcd beari"" plate to be...d In a wall of bri:t.laMI.
ill ce ........ t mortar to RlW'O<t the end 01.. I()-Inch ltalldatd IBeam, ..c.,hina 40
pound. ptr foot.. oIlOfoot lpan . ."bjected u> Ie. MI~ ... rt uniiormlydiJtribute.H
On _ 9lln the Table of Safe !.<II>d. Uniformly Olttributed for Cambria
I. Beam'. tbe tot:I.L load ill found b) too. 33l1Ml poundl. and half of this, .... 16 925
pound ",ill be lhe reaction at each end.
On rd'trrina \(I the T ahle of BearinR i'lat~. on PA 63. tile !!rot'eI' .i~ f ....
lbl. Jood on th~ daa of ""'80nry in QUe!Jtlon ill found to be 6'" 10" . T he
width of l\an~e of a 11).I1Ieh 40 lb. ltallda,d beam It 6.10 !ncb~.
SubltllutlnJ; these ' .... Iueo in the formula for thkkn_ !lIve-
""'.- .
If a .t>orur ~",......,Id mit the loc:stion beltPI' It may be ~ from 1M table
that a plate 8 ,,8" will &I,.., the aecaary beanna val"", and tbe ~ of
t_.006M(8_ ... 10) \
169~
&':8-.32'3
aDd the ~(.'ODImcrdal oiuabo,.., thb _h", whleb "lheth~"",u~,
,. CAMBRIA. STEEL.
STANDARD
.. -....
BEARINGS AND BEARING PLATES.
.........
.....
.....
.
.-.....
Bet.rtn,r Pia"',
...
.......
, ,, h "I ....
,
h hI
hI
7 8
"" 8'1
h I
..""
8 8 " 8,1
" ..
10
8 8x 8x t
th th t ...
"
15
""
12
t2 x th~
12x 16x!
t ..
180
\8 15 15x l5xl
,." 15 Ih l8x l '"
27.
15 15x 18x l 270
Material.
..... ...
Jet ..' la. ... ... n.
Brick .....ork
.. ..
Ru bble Muonry in Cement l\l ortar .. ...
. .....
.... ...
'"
300
18.0
2t.6
.. . .
. . Limestone . . . . . .. . .... . .. .
Fint Class Sandstone (Dimension Stone) . .
.. .. Gran " .0
ite . . . . . . .. . . ........ " .!
.. . .. I : 2 : 5 . .... .
Portland Cement Concrete 1 : 2 : " ..... .
" .0
CAMBRIA STEEL.
BEARING PLATES FOR I- BEAMS AND CHANNELS.
...
"".
- .... ,-
b~W.
.
.'"
'"'"
~
<00'
"- G!'IIIito . I:Z :~.
~ liITti-
~ ~ ..... 11 ""'I.. iIL ..... iL ...... iL
I:Z,5.
..
'.8
"
h
h
5
8
'.0
5.0
8.0
7.2
9.5 ,,.
9.5 12.0
16.0
14.4
19.2
14.4
19.2
12.0
16.0
5 5 9.0 10.8 14.4 18.0 21.6 21.6 18.0
5 5, 8 12.0 14.4 19.2 ".0 28.8 28.8 ".0
5 6 X 10 15.0 18.0 ".0 30.0 36.0 36.0 30.0
8 "8 UI.O 19.2 25.6 32.0 38.' 38'< 32.0
8 8 X 10 211.0 ".0 ,2.0 40.0 ".0 ".0 40.0
8 8 X 1~ ".0 28.8 38.' ".0 57.6 57.6 ".0
10 10 X 10 25.0 30.0 40.0 00.0 60.0 60.0 00.0
10 10 X 12 30.0 30.0 ".0 60.0 72.0 72.0 60.0
10 10 X 14 ,0.0 <2.0 ".0 70.0 84.0 84.0 70.0
12 12 X 12 36.0 43.2 57.6 72.0 86'< 86.' 72.0
12 12 X 14 42.0 50'< 67.2 84.0 100.8 100.8 84.0
12 12 X 16 <8.0 57.6 76.8 96.0 115.2 115.2 96.0
12 X 18 54.0 64.8 86.< 108.0 129.6 129.6 108.0
"
14
14
14 X 14
14 X 16
49.0
".0
58.8
67.2
78.4
89.5
98.0
112.0
117.6
134.4
117.6
134.4
98.0
112.0
14 X 18 63.0 75.6 100.8 126.0 151.2 151.2 126.0
""
16
14 X 20
16 X 16
700
64.0
84.0
76.8
112.0
102.4
140.0
128.0
168.0
153.6 153.6
168.0 140.0
128.0
16 X 18 72.0 8M 115.2 144.0 172.8 172.8 144.0
""
16
18
16 X 20
16 X 22
18 X 18
30.0
88.0
81.0
96.0
105.6
97.2
127.0
139.8
129.6
160.0
176.0
192.0 192.0
211.2 211.2
162.0 194.4 194.4
160.0
176.0
162.0
18 18 X 20 90.0 108.0 144.0 180.0 216.0 216.0 180.0
18 18 X 22 99.0 118.8 158.4 198.0 237.6 237.6 198.0
18 18 X 24 108.0 129.6 172.8 216.0 259.2 259.2 216.0
20 20 X 20 100.0 120.0 160.0 200.0 240.0 2.11.0 200.0
20 110.0 132.0 176.0 2'11.0 264.0 264.0 220.0
20 20 '"
20,", 120.0 144.0 192.0 240.0 288.0 288.0 ,,11.0
20 20 X 26 130.0 156.0 208.0 260.0 312.0 312.0 260.0
Safe Bearing Value of Plate ,. Area of Plate (in tquare Inches) X Allowable
Safe Beanna: Value (per ~ uare h><:b) on the Ma80ruy.
,
CAMBRI A STEEL
l-~rn
L tI ]I[i
I
--.})-- .>l
,
"---8---';
k--:.---A------...:
'
'' ,'
,
'1.
~0
Beanu.
-- -- Separator.. Bolt., SJ;UU' Bew
&Dd ell. N ",t..
m
i,
e ,. 4,
1(- - ,\ II .'" JO!~
B ..m.l.
-... ...
, ,
B
B "
9
3 5.5
1.'
9.75
~~
'!
l~
3
,'I8!
I
"
I
WITH
1.1
1.6
2.0
S.S
-::'7-oT'",';--,-=--=-
.123
~
,.
12.25
11 1 15.0 'I " 3.9 ..
B"
8 18.0 '! 4! 4~
,"if ,
B " 5 ~.9
B " o9)21.0
%5.0 51
B " 2 31.5 51 8.8 ..
B 105
B " 2 40.0 8.9
SEPARATORS
.,
WITH TWO BOLTS
.,"'"
-- -
., "12
05 12
31.5 IO!
40.0 "/
5! , ! 1.61
9.' 1.58
I 61 17 '.M
" 1\ 2.76
.M'
"
B 53 15 42.0 'I 12.5 '.02
1 11
....
'.82
"I
OJ Hi 60.0 " 13.0 1.97 " 81
15 " l!
80.0 \3
'I
" 13.2 t.91
"
S.l3 "
18
...,
.,"89" " 80.0
B 55.0 I 19.8 2.41
It 2.95 "
"" I 11!
..."....., ,.,.
S.OI
" "
"
3.37 10
B
"
" n,.,.
3.19
FIREPROOF CONSTRUCTION.
Buiklings of fireproof construction consist esscntially of a steel
frame or skeleton to support the nOOT'S, and in the calle of higb
buildings, the outside walls al90 are carried by the ateel framing.
All parts of the steel work are enclosed and protected by !lOme
fire-resisting material, which should be of such quality and
arrangement as not to disintegrate or fall away ..... hen heated to
high temperaturcsand at tbe same timeexpo&ed loa stream of cold
watcr. The fireproofing for the floors, in addition to its ability to
afford a firellroof protcction to the steel beams, must be capable of
supporting tbe load and di~tributing it to the floor beams, which
in turn transmit it to the columns and thence to the foundations.
One of the earlier forms of floors consists of brick arches built
between and supportoo by the bottom flanges and lower portions
of the ~eb of iron or stccll lkams, but this style has considerable
dead ~'eight and, as ordinarily constructed, does not provide fire-
proof protection for Ihe bottom flanges of the beams. Another of
the earlier forms of floor is composed of sheeu of corrugated iron
a!l;hed between the beama, on which a concrete filling is placed,
and this all!O, as ordinarily constructed, does nOt provide protec-
tion for the bottom flanges of the beams, besides, it is quite heavy.
A later style of floor i.s the hollow tile syStem, which is composed
of flat or IICgmental arches con~tructed of moulded blocks of hard
bumed day, specially shaped, and of various depths to suit
different loads and the sizes of the I-Beams supporting them. In
the hollow tile system, the blocks may also be of porous terra-
cotta which is lighter than hard clay. ~ ...
Variollll other ~ystems of fireproofing are now in use, the most
usual forms of which congist of cement, concrete or other material
used alone or deposited or arranged about a strengthening or sup-
porting framework of stcclshapcs, bars, rodll, wire, wiredoth, etc.
Column or girder fireproofing may be accomplished by the use of
hard clay or porous terra-cotta block!! shaped to fit and enclose the
steel work, or the steel may be wrappecl with wire, wire-cloth,
metal1ath, etc., and a concrete or plasterffi coating applied to it.
Fireproof panitions may be constructed of hollow tile composed
of hard clay or porous terra-cotta to which the plaster finish may
be directly applied, or they may bt> composed of suitable metal
studding on which is aecu red the wire-cloth or metal lath that
ICrve!! to support the conclcte or other fireproofing, t he surface
then being plastered in the usual manner.
The dead weights of fireproof floors var)' between wide limits
rlependent upon the system employed, the load to be carried i.nd
the distance between the lupporting beams.
CAMBRIA STEEL. 07
" .
3 feet Ii inches to 4. feet 0 inches. Ii inches. 27 pounds.
4 " 6 7 "
"
4 " 0
4
5
6
6
6
5
,
0
0
8
9
32
36
6 0 6 10 39
6 6 7 0 12 44
11 pounds.
3 14
6
15
19
"'"
6
8
Porous T erra-Cotta Partitions. 3 16
4 19
5 22
6 22
--
8 31
)'UlULINO, ROOJ'IlfO AND Cl!:nmo.
YIiflI ... s,.... hoi.
Porous T erm-Cotta Furring. 2 inches. 8 pounds.
~ " " Roofing. 2 12
3 14
,
18
Ceiling. 2 11
14
6-inch Segmemal Arches, 261 pounds per square foot.
18
"0"
2 "6"
1086
6.4
1388 2100 2608
1726
888 1104 1344 1600
8430
2 196
6076
3248
933 1114
3 "0"
," 3 "
48'
410 "" '"
'" 600 '90 900
1624
1299
22M
1922
..
"6" 304 403 68' 819 1120 160'
"9" 308
'63
394 491 no
'" ." 1443
4"0 "
4 "3"
4"6"
,214
." 34'
3"
,0<
431
'8'
341
'"
460
6"
414 '"
490 ".
8"
."
1268
1124
100'
4 "9 " 608 .00
1\ "0 "
6" 3"
19'
'" '"
'46
201
'06
"6
200
'"
336
444
401
364
648
497
812
'36
1\ " 6"
1\ "9 " '"
1<3
131
183
168
"8
208
'04
m
"4
331
303
463
m
on
614
6 "0 " 120 164 191 233 381
6"3"
6 .. 6 "
6"9 "
111 142
131
121
"6
163
161
'"
,.6
184
"8
2'6
237
2'0
361
'"
301
".
'63
480
446
7 " 0" 113 140 m 2. . 280 414
14. 243
7" 6"
'" 131
lOS
166 214
'50
8 " 0 "
8" 6" '" 116 138 190
3"
281
9 " 0"
9 " 6"
10' ". 16'
162
260
10 "0"
10" 6"
III
100 137
124
'"203
184
11 "0" 113 lB'
11 "6" 10' m
"0" 90 141
"
Abo"" Sale Loa<b in<;lude wei,ht of areh blocks and other dead load . Ave ....
alit ",.. i,ht of arch block. (lbo. pt1' IQ. It. <>larch) _ Sectional An:a X 12 X .06.
'0 CA.MBRIA. STEEL.
is
, Y-
....,.
0.0
IltS6
,
18153
1148
1486
"'0
1986
1414
1774
2079
2373
1~46
1989
2272
2683
"..
1736 2238 2867 29111
,M 04. '084
81' 1044 1247 13 . .
4--6 1020 1313 1668 1718
m
1196 1039 1838 .009
1381 17'16 2121 2318
1036 1976 2369 2678
, Y-
'M
."
'44 '09
0"
847
1143
'400
020
1240
IMO
1H)
m
0"
1072
1288
"'"
""
1692
'64'
1902
1800
2078
M 13,.
.,.
400
1773
641
2118
'8.
2316
8"
1 864 1032 1128
<HI 8.8 106. 1269 1387
ia ...
084 1266 1612 1662
1119 1439 1719 1879
1268 1619 1938 2113
s-o
, y.
, y.
l~
"3
808
.8
'88
0.0
Illi4
. .0
041
lUI?
"'0
....
'64
1028
1607
..
1022 1316 1670 1716
, y. 1148 1476 1763 1927
4.8
."
,
00.
. .8
864
"0
944
ia
8--6 '0' 1077 1177
823 '068 '264 1382
.
0" HI18 14" 11190
106. 13118 1622 1772
, ,Y.
lY.
30.
0
648
508
. .0
834
,..
606
008
8.2
8"
1089
CA.lIl:BBIA 8TEEL. 8'
SAn LOADS FOR TERRA COTTA SEGMENTAL
FLOOR ARCHES .
.. I.,n bJ m .... llI.ctll... n ot t.hiI material.
W.iI"bt of ~h Blocu not In~l\lded .
nelliS.
nw.
-
-
...
---
I
_I
.- ....
I'..,tor of B~.tJ T.
Bq.......
1
,
ln~h.
1
I
10 iu.
-
" " 1 47
B, m , ..... .".
. '" 1127
1171
1610
'280
1471
..60
," 368
".
63
810
HI
... ,"
."
8410
os
S.
'03
l~
....., ."... "..... .......
1026 1122
98' 1288
8M 1312
,'. 319
86'
is
'19
-0 810
...
808 '63 '06'
n.
SO, 1208
'08' 1239
' -0 "
is
....",.. '70."...,., ... ...'"
'00
403
.0.
.19
"0
.04
,"
."
...
'83
.,.
380 .SO
is
IHl 90'
63.
os
98. 1074
'204
,..
,0-<> ," 4U
808
is ...
w
6O
." ."
'060
.024
1147
62 CAMBRIA STEEL.
THRUST OF ARCHES.
The horizontal thrust of segmental floor arches, on the assump-
tion of uniform loading, may be found by the following formula:
3WL'
T= - -
2R
in which
T = pressure or thrust in pounds per lineal foot of arch.
W = load on arch in pounds per square foot, uniformly distributed.
L = span of arch in feet.
R = rise of segmental arch in inches.
For a concentrated load at the center, of weight P, the thrust
T = 3PL
R
For arches with flat tops and bottoms, such as are used in floors,
the voussoir joints on each side of the central key are usually laid
out on parallel lines, and in these cases the thrust may be deter-
mined approximat ely by using for R, in the above formula, the
effective depth of the arch, which is somewhat less than the
nominal depth, as indicated on page 65.
For segmental arches the rise R is the vertical distance from the
highest part of the intrados to the plane of the springing line. If
the radius of the intrados for segmental arches is r, the rise may
be obtained from the following formula:
R = r-~r2 ~2
R L2
conversely, r = 2 + 8R
TIE RODS.
Although in the completed structure the horizontal thrusts of
adjoining arches may counterbalance each other, the tie rods
should be so proportioned and spaced as to withstand the entire
thrust of the arches, thus tying the structure together and facili-
tating the construction.
64 CAMBRIA STEEL.
B = A X R X 10 000
WL2
in which
Required spacing =
100 ~ weight of arch in D?unds per s.quare foot X spacing from table.
New load In lbs. per sq. ft. + weIght of arch In lbs. per sq. ft.
Weights of tile arches per square foot are given on page 57.
""-
- --
3.6
-
4.6
. I '.6
I 6.6
~
7.6
.--
8.6
I 13.3
3 I 6.' 8.0 9.' 10.9 \5.0
12,0 16.3 18.3
I 9.'
13.2 16,6
14.2
19.8 22.6 "., 22.4
31.1
I
I
3.'
5.'
., ,.
'.7 8.0
'.1
9.2
'.9
10.3
8.4
12.6
I 7.4 9.4 11.1 12.7 14.3 17.5
--
, , 3.4 ...,., ,.
"
"
I
"
3.4
'.8
2.9
'.3
6.0
----
5.1
7.1
3.9
5.9
8.1 9.'
8.0
11.2
6
I
I
I
2.0
3.0
'.2
2.'
3.'
'.9
2.7
'.1
,.7
.,
3.1
6.'
3.7
5.'
7.8
--
7 I 2.0 '.3
,.
" I 3.0 3.' 4.1
I .. 42 47 5.7
8
" I
I
I "
..
"
!il
2.6
3.'
SDadnp below heavy lin .. apply to a:reater l pan& tllan are ....cowwtDded
rD' tllat depth of arch,
2.1
3.1
CAMB RIA S T EEL.
In order that the total resu ltant intensity of unit stress shall
not exceed t he allowable limit of 10000 pounds per &quare inch,
the stfCIIS due to vertical loading must be reduced by the amount
of the intensity or stress due to the horizontal thru5t of the arch,
as determined by formula (2).
If p' rcpreecnu the intensity of unit !ltress dt:e to the horirontal
thrust of th e arch, and p the corresponding a llowa ble intensity
of unit stress due to the vertical loading, then
.p - 16000 - pi
Having thus obtained the reduced vert ical stress p, the safe
vertical load of the tables corresponding to this stress should ac-
cordingly be reduced by multiplying it by the ratio 16~ and
similarly for other Stres!leS and corresponding loads, thus making
proper allowance for the additional stresses produced by the
lateral fortts.
If the reduction of the safe load~ on thi~ account is a cons.ider-
able proportion of the original amount due to vertical loading
only, it would be more economical to provide lateral braces or tie
rods at shorter intervals, thus avoiding the usc of an excessive
amount of material in the beam.
As the stresses due to vertical forces for u~ual cases of loading are
a maximum at the center of the span it '!I'm ordinaril y be sufficient
to llpace the tie rods or braces at shorter intervals near the center
in order to allow for the combined stresses due to vertical loading
and horiron tal thrusts.
The above method of cakulation is not exact when considering
tbe lateral thrust of arches, or loads from similar matenals which
do not exert a unifonn pressure throughout their surfaces of con-
tact with the sustaining beam on account of the friction and bond
of their component parts, but this analysis of the stres5C!l may
serve as a guide in designing.
The above formu1re should be used in connection with the
tables and formula given on pages 70 and 71 relating to the
lateral strength of beams, due to compression of the upper flange
figured as a column between points of lateral ,uppOrt .
Thle mahod 01 trat~t ci'~ approslmatoe ..,.,Iu _hleb ani! 011 the-'<le
oI_lety.
T he COm!Cl detennJ ... tloll
be 1IeCU<ed by the lite 01 the wction modul ...
QII
poIyll)D.. (~T~ ol the ~ Soddy ol C\vU ~.
Vol. LVI. l~. par 169. d Ut.)
CAMBRIA STEEL.
" EXA~PLE.
18000
P = P
1 + 3000b2
in which
-
FLEXURE.
wuts,u.
......
Dn-
.....
"'-
FI.ar YioIIL
llimb. Ulil
SIr.- iIr Dirod
FIn... iI.
h_fib....
---............. .............-
J.aIit"""
.:.;-:~
111mb. Ulil
SIr.- too: DireoI
Plnuoil.
It_ribn.
.....
.......
b llIIoU'"
b .IIoU'"
19.37
20
.6000
'5882 I.'." "
70
7474
6835
.47
.<3
"
30 14' "
13'46
.93
J!/
15
80
6261
674. "
.36
93 "7111 SO 85 628' .33
"..
45
11739
10746
.73
.67 "" 4865
91
.30
.28
55
60
'81'
'963
8182 ..
.61
.56
.00
lOS
"'
.. 54
""
8576
.26
...
.24
EXAMPLE.
Required the safe load for a IS-inch standard JBeam weighing
42 pounds per foot for a span of 30 feet without lateral supports:
. I 3Ox12
From the data the ratio I) .. ~ .. 65.
From the above table the proportion of the safe load whkh the
beam can safely support under these conditions is .47. From the
Table of Safe Loads for I-Beams, page 93, the safe load for this
beam when properly supported laterally is 20 940 pounds, which
multiplied by .47 gives {) 84.2 pounds as t he safe load uniformly
distributed under the conditions given, including the weight of
the beam, or 8 582 pounds superimposed load.
'72 CAMBRI A STEEL.
-'6" 18 25 4 8.4
1- 26 33 6 11.9
t 33 41 8 14.6
! 45 0 12 18,1
i3 53 7 16 19.4
..1 56
63
20
27
18
24
19.7
20.0
CAMBRIA STEEL. ,.
FIRBPROOFING- REINPO&CED CONCRETE.
The actual fire tests of reinforced concrete have been limited,
but experience, together with the results of tests 110 far made,
indicate. that concrete may be safely used for fireproofing pur-
poses. It is in itself incombustihle and proof agamst ordinary
fire when compose:d of the beat materials properly mixed. applied
and anchored m place. For a fireproof filling or deadening layer
in floors , these same materials without reinforcement may be
used or clean hard burned cinders may be subritituted for this
pose. The tow rate of heat conductivity is one rcason 0 its
r"'-
value for fireproofing and the concrete actually affected by fire,
remains in position and affords protection to the concrete be-
neath it. The thicknCM of protective coating required,depends
upon the probable duration of a fire, which I~ likelr to occur in
the structure. However, for ordinary conditions, I t is rC(:om-
mended, as a general rule, that the metal in girden and col-
umn. be protected b): a minimum of 2 inchCl, beam. I t inches,
and floor slabs, the dlffert'nt minimum values, all indicated in the
accompanying table.
A properly designed combination of protected steel framework
with reinforced concrete floor .lat., if well executed is particu.
la rl y safe and effective in fireproof building construction, and
t he use of concrete and Itrel in the floor slab is especially advan-
tageous, affording both ItrenlJth and rigidit),.
In reinforced concrete dellgn, the followmg aSllumptions are
recommended and considered by almost all authorities, and are,
therefore, used as the basis for the formulae and tables of FoiCS
Hand 75, but it must be noted that all these ideal conditions
cannot be had in practice and if po$Sible aI1O'lll-a,nce should be
made accordingly.
(I) Collculations should be made with reference to working
stre!lll('ll and safe loads, rather than to ultimate strengths and
ul timate loads.
(2) A section, plane before bending remains plane after bending.
(3) The modulus of concrete in compression within the u~ual
limits of working stresses i! constant. The distribution of com
prea:sive forces in slabs is therefore rectilinear.
(4) The tensile stressee in the concrete shall be neglected in
calculating the reinforced ~lab resistance.
(5) Perfect adhesion between concrete and reinforcement is
assumed.
(6) Initial stresses in the reinforcement due to contraction
or expansion in the concrete may be neglected.
T hese above aSi!lumptions, while not entirely borne out by
experimental data, are recommended and u5Cd by va riOU8
aut horitiC!! on this subject in the interest of simplicity and
uniformity.
74 CAMBRI A STEEL.
NOTATION.
w = Total weight in Ibs. per sq. ft. including slab weight.
L = Span in feet c. to c. of beam supports.
M = Bending Moment for 12" width of slab (inch pounds).
Ec = Modulus of Elasticity for concrete.
Es = .. steel.
r = Ratio. Es + Ec.
C = Extreme fibre stress of concrete in compression.
S = .. .. steel in tension.
K = Constant for a given steel and concrete.
d = Effective depth of slab in inches.
p = Ratio of steel area to effective slab area.
x = Distance. Top of slab to Neutral Axis + d.
j = between centers of stress 4- d.
V = Maximum Shear, 12" width of slab.
v = Unit shear.
u = Unit bond stress.
~o = Sum of perimeters of bars (in 12" width of slab).
FORMULlE.
M = 1.5 wL2-for slabs freely supported.
= 1 ,2 wL2- " continuous over supports.
p= 2S(Cr+S) x=rp (~ 1+ r~ - 1)
K = Sp (2Cr + 3S) j=l-=
3 Cr+S 3
U = jd~o (not to exceed 60 lbs. for stone or 30 lb. for cinder concrete).
For Square and Round Bars. refer to pages ' 409-415.
NoTE.-Best practice indicates that Spans of Floor Slabs should not ex-
ceed seven feet between steel beams or steel girders. Generally speaking,
the span should in no case exceed 10 feet for ordinary work.
CA M BRIA STEEL. ,.
RBINJ'ORCED CONCRETE FLOOR SLABS.
Valu. dltductd from fonnulal , PAC'II n , ~ ...
ll.D.it, IW_ band
..... ....
on modern nt. prectlce
....'
......
,
--.
C z,+z, K
. .. .., .
~'1, ~-
13
. . . "11M .... (lMMI).
8\ IS
ru.k_"O""" .....
WI . a. .... "11M! a.u \
"
1\ 1\
" "
1\ 2
U"Ho).
-
_ be lea than __ half ;""h.
en. rth"Of'IDOmt of Am roda of ......11 diameter (Ji',) laid parallel to
lht prindpal bea .... U])OO which tbt Ibb _II. ebould be uKd to pre\'eol
Ibrinkap and tempentw.. c:r.u::Q aDd to ,Ivt added ~th.
be ~ about two f!!ft, cmlt:r to ttnlt:r. """""
DISTRIB UTION O. LO... D poa SL.UlS or POUR SI DES sup.oaT.
Where lentith of a1ab ~. 1.5 width. t he eollre 10ad . hould be CiIItricd
by tl'lntverw: ... Info","mtnt. Slab. of .malL.... milo of dlmtnllion may ",'ell
be reinforced In both dlreo::tlont. Dilttibutlon of tht load may be dtt",rmined
by Ule of lilt formula
t - ii"+b'
"
In which r _ proponion of load. carried by t l'l1ll_ n::infOrmeDt, 1 _
]~th and b _ hreIodth oflbb.
. "oI(kl
..
'""- ....
....
.~
CI3 , 1.2.\
6.'
9
29830
"'90
35000
.9
1.6 C33
1.1
10
2.1
15
20
118810
30570
61420
I..
'.1
2.6
11.5 54920 .9 25 107670 1.9
30 147010 1.6
CI1 6 8 ""80 2.3 3S 182940 IA
10.5 39'" 1.4
,.,3.'
COl 1
13
15.5
9.75
12.25
14.75
17.25
58300
16540
22950
43660
62200
82110
.
1.1 C'I
1.0
1.1
I..
I., C53 15
12 20,5
25
30
35
40
33
41390
15440
114230
156000
193920
83430
'.6
2.1
1.9
,.
C" 8
19.75
11.25
13.75
16.25
99880
2.\580
800
64140
1.1
3.4
2.2
1.1
..
35
40
50
55
95010
130940
111400
211750
251110
.
'.9
'.8
8.2
2.5
0 CAMBR IA STEEL .
.-. - .-...r
TO SAFE LOADS UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED.
~PJ:'
0M8c\p\
Pibno au- of
16000 I....
for ~11g,
rib .. SIr. of
!J8q~~ \:~
L
- .-
......
... ~.If..
lim au- of
I!QOO l~
CooAcio:at tor
Fib.. su-.. of
.11.100
aq .....lbl..r
1
L K K' K K'
,,,
.265
.'" 23 8.756
9.'"
6.841
Bm
"""
.414 .823
.".
.811 ...
.4" 10.345
tl.l89
8.102
8.741
8
, 1.059
1.3011
.828
1.047 28 '" 12.066
12.977
' .427
10.138
10
11
1.'"
2.003 1.1.''"" "" 13.920
W m7
tG.875
11.638
12 2.383 1.862 31 15.906 13.427
13 2.797 2.\85 32 16.949 13.2-1.1
2.534
".,""
18.025 14.1:&
""
3.'"
3.724 2.909 19.134 14.948
16 4.237 3.310 20.216 15.841
. m 3.737
17
18 ' .363
5.975
4.190
'5.172
.668 38
" 21.451
22.659
23.901
IS.759
17.703
18.672
"
20 6.621
5.703
39 25.175 19.668
21
22
7>"
8.(111 6.259 " 26.483
w _ W.Xl.l
L,'
84 CAMBRIA STEEL.
in which
W = safe load in 'pounds for the limit of deflection for plastered
ceilings = lfh of the span.
Ws = !lafe load of tables next above the .line giving the limit of
deflection.
L = length of span in feet corresponding to Ws from the table
Ll = length of span for the case under consideration.
This may also be expressed by the following-
RULE.
Multiply the safe load next above the heavy line of the tables by
t_he square of the corresponding span in feet and divide the product
b;: the squa~e of the required span. The result will be the required
load corresponding to the limit of allowable deflection for plastered
ceilings.
A Table of Deflections for Cambria shapes used as beams, sub:
jec!ed to their safe loads uniformly distributed, and accompanying
explanations with examples, are given on pages 80 and 81.
EXAMPLE II.
From the Tables of Safe Loads, page 90, it is found that the
safe load for the beam in question is 7 580 pounds, but this value
is below the line which indicates the span corresponding to the
allowable limit of deflection.
Substituting the proper values in the formula for obtaining the
reduced load corresponding to the allowable deflection, as given
on page 83, we have
From the Table of Safe Loads, page 93, it i8 found tha t this will
require twO H)_inch standard I-Beams, each weighing 00 pounds
per foot.
On account of the advisability of spacingthefloor beamsequally,
the arrangement outlined above would reduce their distances to
~ _ 5.5 feet center to center, so that I(}.inch I-Beams, weighing
40 pounds per foot, might be used for the body of t he floor, as may
be determined by referring to the Table of Spacings of C'lmbria
I-Beams, page 109, and calculating as before, wit h the resu lt that
the allowable spacing for these conditions is found to be 5.7 feet.
The t(}.inch 4(}.pound beam under these conditions, will, how_
ever, deflect almost to the allowable limit for plastered ceilings,
besides, they are heavier than the 12-inch 31.5-pound beams
first considered, 80 that the latter will be the stiffer and more
economical.
Although the load on the girder is not unifonn ly distributed,
but concentrated at three points between t he supports, the bend-
ing moment in this case will be the same as if t he load were figu red
to be distrihuted uniformly, and for similar cases with differen t
spacings the moments would be very nearl y identical.
......
.._.
STANDARD I-BEAMS .
i.t.ot,
. ,.. ,..
,~
,
6~ ,~
...
,~
.. .. ..
,~ .~ 10.6
,47". .
i i!
6000
"
9 1960
177' 1910 2070 Ii ! :: :: ::0
..227''650'" ,.""" on, '272'93'
11 1880 3270 3460
\2
".
1600
1470
1740
1500
1470
1730
159\l "" 3\180
6000 3170
14 "" 1260 1370 1480 2420 2.170
15
\6
1180
1100
1280 1380
\29\l
2120
t99\l
2260 ..00
'M'
1200 2120
"'" 2380
"'" ""
17 104' 1130 1220 1870 1990 2120
t8 960 1060 1150 17I1l 1880 2120
930 1010 1090 \670 1780 1890 2000
-
CAMBRIA STEEL. s.
SUE LOADS IN POUNDS UNIFORMLY DIS
TRIBUTED FOR CAMBRIA I-BEAMS.
Safe loads below are figured for fibre stres.~ of 16000 pounds
per square inch and include weight of beam.
-
14.76
,.
12.26
-
,.
14.76
.
,
17.26
, """ II'"
10320
14.520 161150
12930
19370
1"00 "'" """
17051! 1-
0
, "'"
7
8
07"
MOO
7370
12'"
51'" "'"
71'"
9680
8300
...
1077.
,23<1
12910
11070
9680
8610
14.210
12180
I_
>170
15.\2.
13300
11640
11.50
9310
10
II
"'" 5810
588.
7150
""
7150
12
!3
"00
43"
'970
5280
...0
70
"'"
5800
71'"
4.970
70"
64" 7110 71'"
'"
24
25
2150
2060
",,,
"" 2320
2810
"" '720
"'00
2590
337'
32311
3100
3710
"10
'051!
3880
For safe loads below the heavy lines. the deflections will be
greater than the allowable limit for plastered ceilings - 1"tt span.
0 CA MBRIA STEEL .
.....
....
STANDARD I-BEAMS .
"-
7 Inch No, B 21 . S Inch No. B 25.
"
16 ".,
59110
"
18
19
64"
6130
5810
'020
1163<1
""
28
4250
"" .420
54"
4250
.940 5830
"'" '720
5620
6170
5940 6330
6980
20 ""
'940
3810 4120
"" 4430 ".,
5830
5"" 6110
59110
11480
For safe loads below the heavy li nes. the deflections wi1\ be
greater than the allowable limit for plastered cei lings - span. m
The safe load above dotted line is greater than the safe load for
crippling of web, asexplaincd and shown on pages76to 78ind usive.
CAMBRIA STEEL. .,
SAFE LOADS IN POUNDS UNIFORMLY DIS-
TRIBUTED FOR CAMBRIA I- BEAMS.
Safe loads below are figured for fibre stress of 16000 pounds
per square inch and include weight of beam.
,.....
-
STANDARD I-BEAMS.
..-
. ",.. .,
i at_
9 Inch No. B 29.
,"'-
30
,"'-
. .,
lbo.
10 Inch No. B 33.
,"'- . .. .
,30 ," , 40
,-
II 18300 19810 21960 24090 23680 2ro2O 28400 307SO
.,,'
-
21 103SIl 11500 1282' 12400 13630 148IIIl 16120
9150 1098Il 12050 \1840 13010 14200
8750 ""
22 15390
"
24 8390
948Il 10b00 1t520 11320 12450
IIlO6O 11040 IIl85Il 11930 ,-
""" 147211
14110
25
,_
805Il 872<l Il66Il 10600 10120 11450 12500 13540
"
27
28
7140
7460
71911
838Il
8Il1'
778Il
92911
8."
8620
10190
9810
9460
1t010 12020 13020
12540
9ll5Il 10600 11570
.300 10220 1:t60 12090
29
30
6940
6710
7510
1260
8330 9140
805Il 8830 8830 9,,,
8980 9870 10770 11670
10410 11280
31 64911 7030
32
89
71911
"" 8400
8140
7890
923Il 1008Il 10920
8950 "61) 10530
8670 9470 10261)
For safe loads below the heavy lines, the deflections will be
greater than the allowable limit for plastered ceilings - Th span.
CAMBRI A STEEL.
" SAFE LOADS IN POUNDS UNIFORMLY DIS
TRIBUTED FOR CAMBRIA I-BEAMS.
Safe !rods below arc figured for fibre $trcss of 16000 pounds
per square inch and include weight of beam.
......
.-
STANDARD SPECIAL
-
I-BEAMS . I- BEAMS.
i. looI.
12 Inch No. B 41.
at>
'" ".. 4<l
'" .
4., ..". ,....
12 Inch No. B 105.
"...
10 38370
.""" 43720 47810 50790 53930 57070
11 34880
36' '' 39740 43470 46180 49030 51880
"I'I,
-
31970 33820 36430 39840 "'30 44940 47560
13 29510
26""
27400
31220
27050
""" """
3363Il
31230
29140
34150
31880
3mO
"280 ""0
43900
40760
380<0
"
21
22
19180 ""0 23910 2>100 ""0
"
34
"
30 I"'"
12790
1'990
13530 I-
10070
14570
1"90
15940
mil)
16930
18600 1"'0
19020
'I
32
1-
11990
13Il9O
1'680 I"" I-moo
14100
1:tIl5O
15420
14MO 15870
18410
m30
32
34
35
11630
11280
109.,
12390
11940
1159<1
I_
13250
128.,
12490
14490
141160
138l1li
15390
14940
14510
16340
I&UO
17290
16'"
18300
11270 14t10
" 1- 12140 13230
be
1.980
For safe loads below the heavy lines, the deflections will
158.\0
"".. ..,.
16 Inch No. B 63 .
...... A ppor1t
b .. ...... ...... ,. eo
-
....
--
- -
-..
16600
10
'''''' 68750 72670
11
I'I'I.
67120
"''' ""'"
54030
49870
"290
"'10
85900
63830
5892<1
15
48330
""
' 1""
46310
.32211 "'"" "45'
49110
45'
61910 54710
51001)
I'
11
89270 ' 11520 42910 .M20
42150
"'10
.51160
18
19
"'"
84900
''''10 "'" "'"
38140
34120
38200
"100
.0310
38250 "'"
40310
36840 38300
2<1 81410
''''''
'2420
'I
22
29920 ,,",0
29410
32740 34610
33030
86410
3482<1
"" "'"
2732<1 28100
31'"
29'90 31600 33300
31910
"
26180
"130
27010
25930 "'"
27500
W28II
29IJ10 30640
"
27
24160
23270 "'"
24.010
""0
25460
24'"
21950
26920
'''60
28310
28
29
30
22440
21'"
211940
23150
"'"
21610
23710
22920
"'"
25060
24220
27360
26410
25530
'I33
S2
211270
19630
19<)10
20910
'0260
19650
22180
21490
211830
2'440
22710
22020
24710
23940
23210
21370 225311
"
35
18480
I""
19010
18520
'0220
19640
'01" '1880
2<1100
" 17450 lSOl0 19100
For safe loads below the heavy lines, the deflections will be
' 1280
....
15 Inch No. B 109.
Wt'l'_ ..."..10
60
n..
'b0-
0
n.. .. 60
,b0-
""" "''''
12 721'" 1!l66O 81920 851'"
"
14
'60310
6187!l
69590
46" "."
'74"
72610 '5620
'65540
0220 '86"
12020
16 67740 6815.
16
17
18
19
'"
""'" ",,,
54130
48120
.5590
43310
502" "'"
.- .-
....0
47610
'5230
68'"
""0
11190
61440
'1230
54620
61740
49150
"""
,,,,.
60140
538"
5t12Cl
21
22
20
"
2.\
"
41240
,.,.,
'",,0
'"''
34650
33310
41120
39330
37690
36190
34790
44'00
42900
41(1.(0
39330
"'00
36300
.-
46810
44690
42140
39320
37810
"""
46470
44.450
426""
"18'"
39320
>7
"29 ""'".
,..,
""30
33510
32310
31200
34900
33710
32550
36410
35110
33'-
"""
87'60
36510
30
31
2i87II 301" 31460 32770
31710
"""
"
33
"'40
>7"0
"'60
291'"
"",0
27410
""00
29""
26500 ,,,,,
3072Il "'''' 81950
30980
34 25410 26610 "'00 289" 30070
292"
"
36
""" """
"000 '5130
26970
26220
28090
27310 28400
I
For safe loads below the heavy lines, the deflections will be
greater than the allowable lim it for plastered ceilings - Jh epan.
CAMBRIA STEEL. e.
SAFE LOADS IN POUNDS UNIFORMLY DIS-
TRIBUTED FOR CAMBRIA I-BEAMS.
Safe loads below are fi~ured for fibre stress of 16000 pounds
per square inch and indu e weight of beam.
"""
_.,....
...
80
. .. ,".. ,..
,8. eo 100
11996<)
10
11
11""
1-
11"""
1054"
""" ""'"
I_ 112620 116180
96700 103230
" 93'''' 119961) 106500
86330 92270 98310
t3
"
15
SOI60
74'' ' """
"'80 "'"
77360
"'70
""" '"''
"'" 82580 85200
16 10140 77420
17
t8 """
62350
""" """
'""0
64'60
14910
"'70
66640
6_
72870
68820
1Iit8O
71000
t9
5"" 61070 53134) 65200
"'
2t
56110
53440
58020
55250
"'SO
,,'" """
51120
61940 53900
22 56310
28
24
51010
48800
'6760
"'"
52140
""" '479"
!l9SIl
48350
"""
521'" 63860
51620
55560
5325<l
4489. 40'"
.,""
460110 51120
43110 44630 46140 47650 49150
- -
41570 '4434)
"'" "'40 '''''
"'34)
28 '0034l
38;00
41440 240
"''4070
40
"
SO 37410
40010 42720
"'''
"'" "'"
3\ 38200 37430 38;00 . 412.30
32 35\)7, "'"
38710
"'38734l
40
93 :W01O "'''
'"''
34134)
37490
"351) 87&10
"600
.,""
33010
"'"
36281)
32\)70 "'90 36510
81170
331'"
3223<l """
3332' 310 35500
For !!ale loads below the heavy lines, the deflections will be
m
greater than the allowable limit for plastered ceilings - span.
,. CAMBRIA STEEL.
.-......-
per square inch and include weight of beam.
STANDARD I-BEAMS.
.... "... ..
60
,
..... .. .....
18lnch No. B 6li.
7
20 Inch No. B 73 .
... ...
7 ,.
- --
10
11
12
18
14
15
-
- - - -- - - -
'62"
18570
72530
"3' "
62860
99770
90700
83140
76740
71260
56510
164410 109180
....,-
94980
87060
74620
"'"
124750 1301 10 13634.
113410
"""
123040
90980 10:19'" 1\0<'" 112780
"980
moo
95960 1 _ 104110
81lltO 92940 96670
12700 83170 86740 9112'"
"93'
-
16
17
"'" """
62360
61460
68240 77970 81320 84'00
44'" 47510
'''90 '2370
""'"
"960
67670
".. "'"
22
"''''
42860 ''''''
49750
47490
51'"
49630
'9400
56700 59140 61520
23
3"" "3" "'20 41570 43.\30
41470
4>190
M240
51980
56570
54210
68840
3mo
2S .9000
39910 "'"
417110 43670 52040 54 140
38370
" 87
28
36260
34920 36950
40180
38690
41'"
40440
47980
.6200
50040
48190
4M70
62060
501'"
29 """
"'70
32510
31430
"02<)
34.00
37310
36030
3SWO
37650
"550
44370
48340
46670
'"31 304211
33260
32190
34370
33700
36390
35220
41'"
4()9.AO
43370
41910
45110
"660
"
32
34
29460
28570
277311
"'" 3'27'
31200
,",,0
29340
32650
31660
34120
33000 37800
36.00
40660
394'"
42290
41010
36 "'"
26940 3664'
28.\10 29650
32110
31190 31170
39810
38670
" 26190
"'" """27710 94'" 86140 37500
OAMBRIA STEEL. .7
SAFE LOADS IN POUNDS UNII'ORMLY DIS-
TRIBUTED FOR CAMBRIA I-BEAMS.
Safe loads below are figured for, fibre stress of Hi 000 pounds
per square inch and inchlde weight of beam.
8. ao
20 Inch No. B 121.
... ...
100
""
15
120310
11172fJ
104270
"""
123780
114940
107270
"1800
118670
110760
131820
122410
11425(1
13084'
126140
117730
16 97750 100570 1_, 107100 110370
17 "000 ".50 97730 I .... 103880
18 98110
18
8'89'
82320
8"00
"'.
84.90
92300
87440 """
"190
"'"
"' 18200 83070
"""" 88300
21
22
23
""
74480
'73140
662'
..'" .....
71090
""'7368'"
"780
'064'
-
26 601 .. 61890 63,.. 65910 67920
ZI
28 "'".
""'"
69600
57470
61530 63'" 601"
29 639" 664" '"''
57290
61200
59000
63071l
- ..
3! 60150 51910 535" 5528' 56970
32 '8880 ..280 51920 5355Il 55190
33 47400 487" 51930 535"
"55
'6000
44690 "'" """
45970 47470
""00
"'"
51940
""
4345(1 44700 4615(1 .9060
" 47600
,
CAMBRIA STEEL .
STANDARD I-BEAM,
,,"-
.. .,.. ..
to.t_ ..".... 24 Inch No. B 89.
""" .0
u.. ...
SO .0 100
SPECIAL I- BEAM.
""- --
""-
ft."" 24 Inch No. B 127.
in feet.
,...
10.
,...
110
I ,...
'"
249910 . -----2563"
"
II 227190
- --- ---- - - - ,
233010
227"
12
13 ""'''
iii2"i40---
213590
197160
""""
218920
14 178510
1&6610
183010
170870
"''''
187650
175140
"
16 156190
147000
160190 164190
17
1B 138840
131530
150770
142390 ""'"
145950
"
20
21
124950
119000
13''''
128150
122050
133270
131350
125100
22 113590 116500 119410
23
24 "0""
104130
11 10
100790
1I422()
1094"
Safe loads below are figured for fibre stress of 16000 pounds
per square inch and include weight of channeL
STANDARD CHANNELS.
9 11.6
It.. ]!.. It.. \bs.
,5
6570
4450
6090
4870
7910
6330
9460
7570
11 100
8880
6
7
,8
10
11 1840 2020 2211)
12 1690 1860 2030
13 1560 1710 1870
1440 1590 1740
"15 1350 1480 1620
16 820 1260 1390 1520 1980 2370 2710
17 710 1190 13HI 1430 1860 2230 2610
18 730 1120 124(1 1350 1760 2100 2<"
19
20
6" 1060
lOt(}
1170
1110
1280
1220
1670
1580
1990
1890
2340
2220
21
""
630 960 1060 1160 1510 1800 2110
22
23
600
5"
920
880
1010
970
t 110
1060
1440
1380
1720
1650
".0
1930
2<
"" 840 930 1020 1320
1270
1580
1510 I""
1780
" 530 810 890 970
For safe loads below the heavy lines, the deflections will be
greater than t he allowable limit for plastered ceilings - lh span.
STANDARD CHANNELS .
......
...-
- 6 Inch No. C 17. 7 Inch No. C 21.
bI" B
.... .. .... ...
10~
I" 1" 9.76
.... ,... .... .... ....
19.70
,,
6
7
10710 1 - 13800 I"'" 16'"
9180 105" 11830 13140 14440
'''' 9210 10350 11490
7140 '180 9200 10220 11230
6430 7370
"'"
10
5840 6700 ""
7630
9200 10llD
9190
""
4940
6140
5670
6900
6370
"'"
""
7070
6430
7780
4590 526. 5910 6570 7220
1617 2890
"'" "'" "20
'720 3160 3020 4080
4340 4690 5180 57" 632'
18 2570 2990
"20
"'" "'"
8780
3570
4330
"90
4870
'690
6410
5110 ""
5620
19
20 "'" "'" 3OSO "70
2310 2690
"" ""
3240 3650
3210
3880
4140
'64'
4690
5320
""
,.""
23
2930
"" 3310
2440 2800 3160
2340 2680 3020
2240 2570 2890
3060
2920
2790
3510
3350
3200 ""3760
.690 ...
' 330
41SO
4810
4000
4400
4210
'''' "" "" ""
'680 3070 3830
25
"" 2480 2780 2570 3310
For safe loads below the heavy lines, the deflections will be
greater than the a llowable limit for plastered ceilinp ... Tn
span.
2 CAMBRIA 6TEEL .
STANDARD CHANNELS
-....
.... 1--------------------.--------------
It..
8 Inch No. C 2li.
18.75 16.26
It... .... ....
9 Inch No. C 29.
......
20 26
"13 "'"00"
8730 10030
718<)
6630
3000
7S6O
"'"
8870
8190
9740
8990
I< 6860 7600 8300
15 6740 6400 7100 7790
16
17
13
19
20
21 4100 4570 5070 5570 6070
22 8920 4360 4&10 5310 5700
23 8750 4170 4630 5080 5.540
24 3590 4000 4440 4870 5310
25 3450 3840 4260 4680 5(94)
.....
btI_ ...".no
STANDARD CHANNEL.
"''''' .. .."
'0 40
''''' '''
31870
" 22780
""" "140
,.,., "'''
"
12
13
'0700
18980
17520
23270
'1330
19600 ""50 ",ro
2612ll
22110 M5Z0
31830
22180
26930
16271) 18200 20530 22770 25010
""
16
15180
14231)
17070
1600Il
19160
17960
21250
19920
22'40
21880
17
18
13400
12650 '''''''
14220
169011
15910 '17710
'50 20600
19450
19 11990 13470 15120 16780 18430
20 11390 12800 14370 15940 17!iIG
1219(1 13680 15180
21
"'''''
82
'"
24
25
"'"
9900
9400
""
"ro
11640
11130
10670
1W4'
985Il
131160
12400
11970
"'"
"050
14490
13860
18280
"I'"
12260
i
13470
"
27
28
8440
81S0
948{)
9140
10640
10260
11810
11380
12970
12500
22
30
785IJ
7500
8830
8530
99"
9580
10990
10620
12070
11670
For safe loads below the heavy lines, the deflections will be
greater than the allowable lim it for plastered ceilings - Ih span.
CAMBRIA STEEL.
.....
--"-
STANDARD CHANNEL .
I. . . 33
lbo.
S.
Ibo.
40
lbo.
.
Hi Inch No. C 63.
Ibo.
.0
Ibo. "
Ibo.
10
'''''' '''''' 49420
""" 57270 61190
-
11 40410 41370 "930 48500 52061) 5063il
37040 .(1190 '7'I21l
"
18 34190
37920
3.\000 38020
44460
41040 "4()910
oro
50990
47070
14
15
31750
29630 ""'0 """ "'"
329M1
38100
3810>
43710
'0700
16 21180 28440
'''''''
29070
38340 30190 38240
"
18
261'" 26770
"'"
"380
29640
33690 35990
"""
-
20 2275<1 24710 266711 28630
"
22
23
21 170
20210
19330
2167(1
197811
2""
22470
21490
2M1IO '727"
""" ""'"IS'""
23190 24900
29140
27810
26600
24 18520
23 177811
18260
18200
20590
19770
22230
21340 38010 """
24480
"
27
28
17100
16460
151180
17500
1685Il
16250
19010
18310
"600
20520
19760
19060
2203Il
21210
2045<1
.,,'
"850
"
23530
"30 15330
14820 "6"
15170
17().10
16470
16400
177811
1975O
19090
21100
20400
I
'0' CAMBRIA STEEL.
.-
.- STANDARD I-BEAMS.
-- ..4
5
S Inch No. B 6.
11.0
7.1
12.0
7.7
.. ..
,--- - -,--- - - - - -'10- --- - -'10- - -'10-
10<
--- --
M 7
12.9
8.3
19.9
12.7
4 Inch No. B 9.
,..
21.2
13.6
.. ,..
22.5
14.4
23.8
15.2
For '(la<:inp t...1ow th~ heavy linM tbe defle<:tiona ",ill boe treaw than the
aJ1oo,,'able limit fO'< plane re<! ""mnp _ .i,opan.
Spacings for other inter\llitieo of Ioadi.., may be obtained from t"'-In tablel
ae folloWll:
iD'enai'yoilo.dinll'fl'<)m table
itequil'O!d .pacinll:'"" New iDten,;'y o{j;;:;ar.;gX Computoed lpacin,from table.
CAMBRIA STEEL. 107
......--
Proper distance in reet, center to center of Beams.
Maximum fibre stress 16000 pounds per square inch.
--
STANDARD I-BBAMS .
,. ,..
6 Inch No. B 13.
9.76 12.26
6 Inch No. B 17.
14.76
,... -
,..
12.26
,. ..
14.76 17.26
7
8
14.3
10.5
8.1
16.1
11.9
9.1
lS.0
13.2
10.1
21.5
15.S
12.1
23.7
17.4
13.3
25.9
19.0
14.5
9 8.4 7.2 8.0 9.6 10.5 11.5
10 5.2
4.3
5.6
4.8
7.7
. 4
8.5
7.0
9.3
7.7
11 5.3
12 3.6 4.0 4.' '.4 5.9 6.5
13 3.1 3.4 3.8 4 . '.0 5.5
14
I.
2.6
2.3 2..
3.0 3.3
2.9
4.0
3.4
4.'
3.8
4.8
4.1
I. 2.0 2.3 2.' 3.0 3.3 3.6
17 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.7 3.0 3.2
18 I . 1.8 2.0 2.4 2 . 2.9
19 1.4 I . 1.8 2.1 2.' 2.6
20 1.3 I.' 1.6 1.9 2.1 2.3
21 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.8 1.9 2.1
22 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.6 1.8 1.9
23 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.5 I . 1.8
24 .... .. . 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.6
25 .... .. . ... ..... 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.5
2. . .. .... ... .... 1.0 1.1 1.3 I.'
27 ..... .. . ... ... .. ........ 1.1 1.2 1.3
28 ..... .. ... .... ... , 1.0 1.1 1.2
29 ..... .. . ....... . .. ... .. . ........ 1.0 1.1
......
..-
...
.... .."
- - - - - - --- ---
5
69.0
44.2
STANDARD I - BEAMS.
. ..
7 Inch No. B 21.
,
'7'
74.6
47.8
2,.
80.3
51.4
.- .
'SQ.-r
20.2 ~
6S.4
..
2 ~.2 ~
72.6
S 30.7 33.2 3 5.7 42.1 44.6 47.5 6 0.4
7 22.5 24.. 26.2 31.0 32.S 3 4.9 37.0
8 17.3 18.7 20.1 2: 3.7 25.1 26.7 28.3
10 13.6
11.0
14.7
11.9
15.9
12.9
1S.7
15. 2
19.5
16.1
21.1
17.1
22.4
1S.1
11 G.l . G 10.6 12.5 13.3 14.1 15.0
12 7.7 8.3 8.G 10.5 11.1 11.9 12.6
13 . 5 7.1 7.6 G.O G.5 10.1 10.7
I.
15
5 . 6.1
~ 5:""3 ----g:-;r-
7.7
6.7
8.2
7.1
8.7
7 .
. 3
8.1
1. 4.3 4.7 5.0 5.G .3 6.7 7.1
17 3.8 4.1 4.4 ~ 5.6 5 . 6.3
18 3.4 3.7 4.0 4.7 5.0 5.3 5 .
IG 3.1 3.3 3.6 4.2 4.4 4.7 5.0
20 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.8 4.0 4.3 4. 5
21 2.5 2.7 2.G 3.4 3.S 3.G 4.1
22 2.3 2.5 2.7 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7
23 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.G 3.0 3.2 3.4 ,
2. I.G 2.1 2.2 2 . 2.8 3.0 3.1
25 1.8 I.G 2.1 2.' 2.6 2.7 2 .
2S I.S 1.8 I.G 2.2 2.' 2.5 2.7
27 1.5 1 1.8 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.5
28 1.4 1.5 1 . I. G 2.0 2.2 2.3
2G 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.8 I.G 2.0 2.2
For SpIlcinr above thedotted line the safe load fOf hendine Is ~ter than the
llafe load for web CriDDllrtll:, a.e explained and shown on po.geo 76 to 78 inc:hwve.
For IPIlCi"lF' below the heavy' Ii ..... !.be deflection. will be ~r'::ller than t he
aUQ,.""blc limIt for 1>1a1t~ ~Ilinp - .1. IPIln.
Sl>'1<'inp for (It~r inu:=n$itis olloodina may be obtained from tl><. in tabl~
ufolLo\\""
. .,u ..... ityotl.,.,jipl"(romc.abk
ReqU Ired spacI""" N .... int~nli<y o(]OI.dinr X Compu ted .paclni from table.
CAMBRIA STEEL. w.
SPACING OF CAMBRIA I~ BEA.MS FOR UNI-
FORM LOAD OF 100 LBS. PER
SQUARE FOOT.
Proper distance in feet, center to center of Beams.
Maximum fibre stress 16 000 pounds per square inch.
.-...
.....
..-
S
~
21 . .. ,.. .,. ..
STANDARD I-BEAMS.
9 Inch No. B 29.
, ,
3. 30
S.4
7.5
11.8
.0
. 2
S.O "6
11.6
10.2 11.2 12.2 13.2
10.4
10.S 11.7
. 6 10.4
12.7
13.9 15.0
---e:'f ~
IS 6.2 . 7
1. --g:a- ---e:o 7.3 7.2 7. S.7 . 4
20
21
22
23
5.0
4 .
4.'
3.S
...
5.4 . 0
4.5
U
6.. ~ 7.2
5.5
5.0
4.6
6.0
5.5
5.0
7.S 8.5
5 .
5.4
4."
. 5
5."
5.4
7.1
6.5
5."
7.7
7.0
. 4
24 3.5 3.8 4.2 4.. 4.5 5.0 5.4 5."
25 3.2 3.5 3." 4.2 4.2 4.6 5.0 5.4
For epacln", below the Ilea,?:, II ~ the def\ectiolll will be ,1fttel' than tbe
allowable lim't for pl ....~ ce,linp .. . h A""n.
S""d np for other intensities of Ioadina: may be obtained from tboee In tab\el
... follow.'
. . Int<noi'y olIO&diIL, fromlabl. f
R~uirM 'DaClna:" N ' I f load' XComputeod,pacln, romtabie.
... ' ''' .... I y 0 'DS"
no OA.MBRIA STEEL.
.....
. .- STANDARD SPECIAL
.....
iJ. fool.
------
.,~ .,
I-BEAM.
12 Inch No. B 41.
..
,- - - ....40- - ~-
.... --""- - 40 40
....
'0
I -BEAM .
12 Inch No. B 105.
.
",
10 38.4 40.6 43. 7 47.S 50.8 5 3.9 57.1
11 3 1.7 33.5 36.1 39.5 42.0 44..6 47.2
12 26.6 28.2 30.4 33.2 35.3 3 7.5 3 9.6
13 22.7 24.0 25.9 28. 3 30.1 31.9 33.S
14 19.6 20.7 22.3 24.4 25.9 27. 5 29.1
16 17.1 18.0 19.4 2L3 22.6 24.0 25.4
16 15.0 15.9 17.1 18.7 19.8 21.1 22.3
17 13.3 14.0 15.1 16.5 17.6 1B.7 19.7
18 H.S 12.5 13.5 14.8 15.7 16.6 17.6
19 10.6 11.2 12.1 13.2 14.1 14.9 15.8
20 8.6 10.1 10.9 12.0 12.7 13.5 14.3
21 8.7 8.2 8.8 10.8 11.5 12.2 12.9
22 7.8 8.4 9.0 8.8 10.5 11.1 H.S
23 7.3 7.7 8.3 9.0 0.6 10.2 10.8
24
25
6.7
6.1
7.0
6.6
7.6
7.0
8.3
7.7
8.8
-s:-r-
8.4
8.6
I 8.8
8.1
26 5.7 6.0 6.5 7.1 7.6 8.0 8.4
27 5.3 5.6 6.0 6.0 7.0 7.4 7.S
28 4.8 6.2 6.8 6.1 6.5 6.9 7.3
28 4.6 4.8 5.2 5.7 6.0 M 6.8
30 4.3 4.5 4.8 5.3 5.0 6.0 6.3
31 4.0 4.2 4.6 5.0 6.3 5.6 5.0
32 3.7 4.0 4 . 4.7 5.0 6.3 6.6
33 3.5 . 7 4.0 4.4 4.7 5.0 5.2
34 3 . 3.6 3.8 4.1 4.4 4.7 4.8
35 3.1 3.3 3.6 3.8 4.1 4.' 4.7
36 3.0 3.1 3.4 3.7 3.8 4.2 4.4
For :l:'d"", ~I ow the "",,"vy Iineo the dflI...:tlonl ",m be ~t.er than the
allowab limit for I>lut.ercd ceilin~;. d . span.
Spadnll for other inten';tle. of dl"lj: may be obtaine.l from thooo: in tables
a. fo11oWl:
. i n.cflli.y ofu.dln&'fromtable ,
ReQUIred , patina: - Ne .. lnteoll;.y or lo..di;'lxComl>uted~'nll: fro'9table.
CAMBRIA STEEL.
.....
Maximum fibre stress 10 000 pounds per square inch.
.....
........ ST A N D AR D I - BE A M .
..
15 I nch No. B 53.
.....
.-.
...-
""
10
...
60
86.0
SPBCIAL I-BEAM.
66
90.5
,. ",.. ,..
16 Inch No. B 109 .
... 7.
94.4 98.3
80
102.2
11 71.6 74.8 78.0 8 1.2 84.5
12 60.1 62.S 65.5 68.3 71.0
13 51.3 53.5 55.9 58.2 60.5
I. 44.' 46.2 48.2 50.2 52.2
15 3S.5 40.2 41.9 43.7 45.4
I. 33.S 35.3 36.9 38.4 39.9
17 30.0 31.3 32.7 34.0 35.4
IS 26.7 27.9 29.1 30.3 31.6
IS 24.0 25.1 26.1 27.2 28.3
'0 21.7 22.6 23.6 24.6 25.6
.1 19.6 20.5 21.4 22.3 23.2
23
17.9
16.4
1B.7
17.1
19.5
17.8
20.3
18.6
21.1
19.3
25
15.0
13.9
15.7
14.5
16.4
15.1
17.1
15.7
1 7.7
16.4
2. 12.S 13.4 14.0 14.5 15.1
.7 11.9 12.4 12.9 13.5 14.0
2S 11.0 n .s 12.0 12.5 13.0
2S 10.3 10.8 11.2 11.7 12.2
30 S.6 10.1 10.5 10.9 11.4
31 S.O 9" S.S 10.2 10.6
32 &. e.s 9.' 9.6 10.0
33 S.O S.3 8.7 9.0 9.'
3. 7.5 7.S S.2 8.5 S.S
35 7. 1 7." 7.7 S.O S.3
3. 6.7 7.0 7.3 7. 7.S
..
w_
,....
ft,,..
,..
80
16 Inch No. B 11S.
-
... I ,...
'0
--
'00
---
10 112.2 116.0 120.0 123.9 127.8
11 92.8 95.9 99.1 102.4 105.6
12 77.9 80.6 83.3 86.0 88.7
13 00.4 Oa.7 71.0 73.3 75.0
I. 57.3 59.2 61.2 63.2 65.2
15 49.9 51.6 53.3 65.1 56.8
19 43.8 45.3 46.9 48.4 49.9
17 38.8 40.2 <11.5 42.9 44.2
18 346 35.8 37.0 38.2 39.4
19 31. 1 32.1 33.2 34.3 35.4
20 28.1 29.0 30.0 31.0 31.9
21 25.4 26.3 27.2 28.1 29.0
22 23.2 24.0 24.8 25.6 26.4
23 2 1.2 21.9 22.7 23.4 242
2. 19.6 20.1 20.8 21.5 22.2
25 18.0 18.6 19.2 19.8 20.4
26 1 6.6 17.2 17.7 1S.3 18.9
27 1 5.4 15.9 16.5 17.0 17.5
28 14.3 14.8 15.3 1 5.8 16.3
29 1 3.3 13.8 14.3 14.7 16.2
30 12.5 12.9 13.3 13.8 14.2
31 11. 7 1 2.1 12.5 12.9 13.3
32 11.0 11.3 11.7 12.1 12.5
33 10.3 10.7 11.0 11.4 11.7
3. 9.7 10.0 10.4 10.7 11.1
35 9.2 9.5 9.8 10. 1 10.4
36 8.7 9.0 9.3 9.6 9.9
For ~"'" t..Low t be havr. lin.. tbe ddlecliol\l will be II_tel" than the
allowab t lim't for vl:utt~ cedi'4lI" d . l pan.
S\lIleinll_ for otht r inttrulitieo olloo.di'4l m ay be obtained from thole in tables
u folloWl:
I ntetl.i,yoCto.dinl f....... ",ble .
Requl~ l pao::l'4l - N . . al l d' XCom putedopaCl'4l fromtable.
cw m' cDI"Y ....... ,
,,. CAMBRIA STEEL.
.,....
ia fool.
~
STANDARD I-BEAMS.
Spacl~ for other Intensltiee of Ioadine; may beobtained from tr- ill tabl ...
u follow.:
. In,. nli. yofl ... dlnl from , obl.
Re<ju' rM l pacl ... - N .... in,cDoity ofl ... diDJ. X Computed lpacl ... frotntable.
CAlIUJRIA. STEEL. ,..
SPACING OF CAMBRI.&. I B:!;.&.MS FOR UNI
FORM LOAD OF 100 LBS. PER
SQU.A..RE FOOT.
Proper distance in feet, center to center of Beams.
Maximum fibre stress 16000 pounds per square inch.
.-....
---
...... SPECIAL I BEAM
w_
,..
80 .....
20 Inch No. B 121.
-
...
---~
.0 ... ....
100
H', H"
31
..
32
33
3'
, ...
16.3
15.3
13,5
12.6
15.7
14.S
13.914.4
13, 1
1 7.3
15.3
13,6
1 7.S
1 6, 7
1 5,7
14,S
14.0
I S.4
17,2
16.2
15.3
14.4
38 12.1 1 2.4 12.S 13,2 ]3,6
s..d_ for other lnterulties oi "-<Ii". may ~ obtaIDed frolll u..- In tablos
.. 1<>IIoww:
Jleq.iftd II\-.d .. IIMeNityoflooiodla,f.-table xCom ted lPUl ftomtable.
DI NC'Ot' lateasl,y ollo&dln, j)U DI
U6 CAMBRIA. STEEL.
.....
.-
Maximum fi bre stress to 000 pounds per square inch.
--...
STANDARD I - BEAM .
185.5 192.7
10
..199.0
-.----- 20 5.2 2 11.5
11 153.3 1 59.3 16 4.4. 1 69.6 1 74.8
12 1 2S.8 -- r 33.S' - 138. 2 146.9
,.
142.5
13 1'09.8 114.0 11 7.7 1 21.4 125. 2
04.7 98.3 101.5 104. 7 107.9
15 ---'ffi:g'- 85.6 88.< 9 1.2 94.0
16
17
72.5
64.2
75.3
66.7
77.7
68.S , 8 0.2
71.0
8 2.6
73.2
18 57.3 59.5 6 1.4 63.3 65.3
19 5 1.4 53.4 55. 1 56.9 58. 6
2. 46.4 48.2 49.7 5 1.3 5 2.9
21 42. 1 43.7 45. 1 46.5 48.0
22 38.3 39.S 4 1.1 42.4 4 3.7
23 35. 1 36.4. 37.6 38.S 4 0.0
24 32.2 33.5 34.5 35.6 36. 7
2. 29.7 30.S 3 1.8 32.8 33.S
26 27.4 28.5 29.4 30.4 3 1.3
27 25.5 26.4 27.3 28.2 2 9.0
28 23.7 24.6 25.4 26.2 27.0
29 22. 1 22.9 23.7 24.4 25.2
3. 20.6 2 1.4 22. 1 22.8 23.5
31 19.3 20. 1 20.7 2 1.4 2 2.0
32 1S. 1 1S.S 19.4 2 0.0 20. 7
33 17.0 1 7. 7 1S.3 18.8 19.4
34 16.0 16.7 1 7.2 17.8 18.3
35 1 5.1 1 5.7 16.2" 16.8 1 7.3
36 14.3 14.9 15.4 1 5.8 16.3
,
-
For ,padngsabove tile dotted lines tile lafe load. for bendinil are ilmlter than
tile oafe load. [o.web criwl~'l!:Xl>lalnM and obowno" pages 70 to 781ndullve.
Spacinp for otber inteMit of loodi " K may be obtainM from t'- in tablel
as follows'
I"t"n.ity .... Io&dia .. r..,.., table .
Requ,,ed lpaclna:- N" .. inteuo-ity .... l;;;:iinl" X Computed.paclnrfrow table.
CAMBRIA. STEEL. 107
.....--
Maximum fibre stress 16 000 pounds per square inch.
w .....
SPECIAL I -BEAM .
24 I nch No . B 127.
iDled. 10.
'"
110
'" '"
'"
10 249.9 ........ _... _----
256.3 262.7
11 206.5 211.8 217. 1
12 1 73.5 178.0 182.4
13 -----i4fij------ 151. 7 155.4
I. 1 27.5 130.8 1 34.0
15 111 .1 113.9 116.8
1. 97.6 100. 1 102.6
17 86.5 88.7 90.9
I. 77.1 79. 1 8 1.1
I. 69.2 71 .0 72.8
20 62.5 64. 1 65.7
21 56.7 58. 1 59.6
22 51 .6 53.0 54.3
23 47.2 48.4 49.0
2. 43.4 44.5 45.6
25 40.0 4 1.0 42.0
2. 37.0 37.9 38.8
27 34.3 35.1 36.0
2. 3 1.9 32.7 33.5
2. 29.7 30.5 3 1.2
30 27.8 28.5 29.2
31 26.0 20.7 27.3
32 24.4 25.0 25.0
33 22.9 23.5 24. 1
3. 2 1.0 22.2 22.7
35 20.4 20.9 2 1.4.
3. 19.3 19.8 20.3
~'or Sp..dll~ ' above 1M dDttiMI line. t~ ,,",Ie lq<Id, for bf,nding ,,'" lr'$ter
than tbe oafe load. for "",b crippling. u apLained On _ 76 t.o 78 induli,-e.
Sp"dnp for (lt~ intelUltiei of load!na- may be obtained. from tbole In
tabl .. &II , ..Uows:
. . Inte ... i,y <>fl""dinrfrom I.hle .
Rcqulred 'pa.C1DII_ N . . .,,_'" XComputedlP&Cllli from table.
, ew m ....."y '" __ '''1"
118 CAMBRIA STEEL.
w. ...-
>0.
- Pool 1'00.""- ,~
.........
'"
C5
3
'''' ''''' ""
5
6
1600
1871)
115"
9
"'"
C9
"'" 2""
"'"
5."
5." 2800
2400
C33 10
15
"''""
1." 3010
C13
5
.,., '.5
9
313"
"'"
. 11.5
"'"'"
4610
6600
35
011
5
.
8
"'" "'''
52"
10.5
13
6610
173<l
041 12
2<l.5
35
"'"
1
15.5 8670 6110
'"
021
9.75
""'" "'" '"
12.25 9200 1190
15
33
35
14.75 10400
17.25 11470 "'"
"'"
'"
45
8
19.75 12670
11.25 1,"", 84'"
9900
'"
55
""
13.75
16.25
12000 9380
1 _ 10420
C65
18
45
"''""
18.75 14670 11460
21.25 15810 12400
>2. CAMBRIA STEEL.
1>'"
NI!UTIUL AXIS
SlI.ffo load. beLow a~!:f:~
PU~EL TO EITmB LEa.
for tib~ .t!'ell of 16000 poumb
OQuare Inch and lnclu " ..... igh! of analt.
--
c=8-
DiII.aca bet __ Seetion No. A 11.
I !" X I i"
.. ppoo1o;q I" h" I" h"
,~ ---~" 1.80 n.. 2.86 n..
..
~.34 n..
' - , ; ; .... 1
..,
~" ,." ~,.
, ...
'"
,, ,ro .....,'"... ""
4
,
'"
n,
'".
'00
'"
..
"",,.
,,.
'"..... ,..
,..,
,
'"
'"
"'
""
Section No. A 40.
DitIaoce bet......,
I t" x H"
..
"p(ICIfb in h" I" h" I"
""
."
""'"
..,..,""..
.. .. .. ,
... I ..,'"""
" 00
."
, .
'"
,"" "" ,,.,. oro
,. on,
ro ,.."""""" I ,.,.ro '"
- Section No. A 1fi. "" ,
Diotaooe bet ...... 2" x 2"
..""",II ,a . -h;" . __1_
"- ~ __I _
"- --1L _-L
,~
,.,. ,.f. ,.f. n.. ,.,.
2A4 1t.. 3.19 11.. 3.92 ,U .... 6.3 ""- 6.0 n..
,
3
4
--
"... "..,..,..
'"'"
.
,..,
""
".,
..,
,
",m. "'"
'''''
,...
1<170
"."
~.
.
~
...
, .., ...
..
'" ---------
... ..."" ""oro ..,'"" ..,...
'" '"
..
,. "''",., ,...,'" ,..,. """"n, ...ro - --...' Of . NO
For eafe load. beLow I\n.vy I ~ It... d"lIectio", will be IIrmter than the
allowable linlll for PWtere<t ",,;Iinp .. . l pan.
CAMBRIA STEE L .
'"'
SAl'B LOADS IN POUNDS UNIFORMLY DIS
TRmUTED POR CAMBRIA ANGLES.
EQUAL LEGS.
HEtrTJU.L ~8 PJUJ.UL TO IUTRlUl LIlO.
Safe Ioods ~low are fia:\U't<'I fot fib"" It ..... of 16000 I>O\Ind.
(:IO'r lQuare incb and Include ~a:bt of a"llll:.
~-
Section No. A 41.
DiIta..... bel..-.
2f' x 21"
",PPOrIa ill
,"'- /,"
2.70 n..
I I" 10"
,. II ... " I ..."
I" N'
- ... " .'"'"....
3.62n..
,.."
4 U.
... 0.3 n.. S.l lt..
""
...... .""...,..
""
"00 "00
.m "m 1&10
,
..'"'....," ....., ..
1210
.''""
4
.m '000
'"
.., '"00
7
I
".'"8'",. ..,
... I ...... ..'",
9
8
"
11 ,.. ..,
8ro
800 ... 800
----...-
ill feet.
,\" I
3 .07 n..: 4.1
I"
n..
Section No. A 17.
2f' x 2f'
~' __I_"_ ~'
O.on.. 0.9n.. 1 6.8 1bo.
itt
7 .7 n..
~I~ ~ I~ _ fl- per fl- per fl-
....
pet
, .....
,
4
1&10
." "'"
...'" I ...
"00
'800.,.
.00
""
"'''
.ro
""'
1710
"'" .m
"".000"" 1510
1210
1010
.00
,"00
...
"..
....
6 '00
,"00
7 .00 800
'" '"8m ..,'" ...
8 ----w-~~~_s8J---m-
...
..
om 8ro
,.,"''",ro .'..." I .., '" '"
9
10
For ... It load. btlow bnvy !l!lel t.bt ddlections wlll be creaw than lbe
aUowabll: limit fot plasred ceUlnp _ .i, "III'D. -
>22 CAMBRIA STEEL.
.. ppOr\t ift
2t" x 21"
rm -t," t" -h" _I~L_-t,~ \"
3.391liL -;u--p;:--I f;-:-en;:- a.6 1t.. ' 7 .6 It.. 8:b lbo.
,." ,."
~"
..
~" ~" ~"
- "m ~ro
".,,,~
"" 4470
3
,., ,.., ""
1310 1110
"" ,... ,
"" >00
""
..
4 1~7(l 2 110 ~m
6 '" ...
"'" "00
"" ...
,"00
,.,
7
.
"'"', '" ----.;-
"'" '''' lOOO
1410
1210
,. 11
"" '" '" ""
n, ,.,
-
~
--
-h~
3" x 3"
I" - n"
-
I~ - -t,"
-...... --.
i .. rH~ 4.9 n.. 6.111-. 7.2 It.. S.3 1bo. U .. 10.4 11.
~" fl. fl.
~" ,.rc ,.rc
....
pet pet
- --
3
4
,rs,,,
"'"
"ro
~"
"'"
mr "'"
~
"'" "'"
~" 4210
"'"
1510 ,,'" ,,., "'"
"'" =
"00
6
7 "'" ,".,
.... ""
rsro
l~lO
,...
2110
1810
"" "'"
..."'"
rsro
...'" ."...,.
770
8 WO 1110
~~ ----m- '"'' ---mo-
l " i i l --rm- ,,.
10
'''''' ,,~
11
"" '''''' ""
12
"" '" "" "'"
For Ale load. below heavy Uneo ltw. denectloll& wiU be &realer than the
allo,,-able limit for plantll:d cdlin;:s - .10 l pan.
OAMBRIA STEEL.
~
... ,..,
5200
:wro
..,
.,00
GI'"
~m
''''
: ,,,.
7 ,, ~
"ro
..'"
10
11
"
13
1. '"
,~
10
""
.-
16 MIl 176 8SO
,...
2 6810
3 ...,
IS
"'"
27!oO
2290 t110
"'"
i 1720
U30
2000
1810
,.,."
10 1370 Ie2\)
11
,.
10
_.1.
t h e defttctlona will be lreottt:r t han the
epan.
CAlIlB B IA ST EEL.
._
... .
pn" ~ua ~ Incb and include ,,;eiiJht or andt'.
,. ,
OAMBRIA STEEL. ,.,
SAFE LOADS IN POUNDS UNIFORMLY DIS-
TRIBUTED FOR CAMBRIA ANGLES.
EQUAL LEGS.
HBUTlt.llAXIS P ~L TO EITElJt LEG.
Safe 10M. be10w a~ fia"ure<i for fibre ttras Gf 16000 DGund.
P<"..::IlIM'I' ;no::h and include weight of anile. o:=H-
Section No. A 36.
8" xS"
~"I---.---,--,--,,--.---,--,--,---.--,--
.,
,
7
1.
,
11
"
13
1.
"
1.
17
..
1.
19
2
.
3
,
2
..
'7
3.
n"
""
"'"
""
""
For ... fe load. below heavy lin... the defl""tions will be c=w than the
allowable lim.it for p1a,~ ceilinc. _ pan.
1 CAMBRIA STEEL.
,~
,A
10
11
12
00 ~ I ~
179._ 270
~
m
m
300
~
400
100
ISO
~
23G
3~
280
~
33Q
410
380
00
420
--
"""""
~,-
u. foe\.
~_
per ft.
-~--
ptr ft.
~~~
3" x 2i"
l'_'~_ h~ ~_/'_'~ ~ ~_I_
per ft.
~~~
---
"~ ~
4..611>$. 6.6 II>$. 6.6 11>$. 7.6 II>$. 8.6 Ibo. 9.6 Ibo.
per II. per It. per (I.
---
, ..
"" "" ,.. MOO
""
,
"00
"'" ll"GO
""
u" "'" ""
"".
4
"'"no I "sao
IlCO ItM
'"
lWl ''''
"oo
'''' U'"
,
..'""" "".""'
1030 noo nro
~~~ .,
1010 nw ""
,8 ,w >ro
,oo '" noo
10
,.
'W '"
'"
.., '"
'" '"
'"
11 no oro
l' "" '" '"
'" '"'" "' ""
For $1fe 100& below h..a"y line- tlte de!1ectlon. will be l>ater than tlte
allowable limit fOT plaotered. oeilinp - .1. opan.
CAMBRIA STEEL.
~
4
,
,.
.
S
9
,
U .., ''''
SOl '"
....
3 '"'
"'"ro
4
,,,.
..
~
9
W
,.,.
U
,. ....
"00
,"'"
"
For ... fe load. below heavy line. the dcfte:tlons will be greater thall the
allowable Umit for plastered w l;II" _ .i. '!l611.
". OAMBRIA STEEL.
~-
N:EUTltnAXI8 p Altll.LEL TO LONG LEO.
Safe loadt ~low a ... figured fot fibr.. n..- of 16000
pound. ~ ~ua ... inch and include w.:iJht of anile.
.-.-. - I"
Section No. A 99.
4" x3"
i.
..
!.~
/,"
'2 I~ ,... ,...
,...
N'
.~
j"
I~ IT'"!."
12.4
,"- IIlL
Lit" L
13.a+t!::s
--- -...,- - - -...- -....,- -...,- -- -no,- -....- - - - -
It..
It.3
16.0 17.1
lbo. Lt..
.. -
"." "."
"." per It.. per It.. per It.. per n.
.",..,
~" ~" "."
..., "., , ...,
~'"
..
".,
... ... ....
"'" ....,
"'"
... -.. ..
"'" "'" ,.., "
~"
.,
"'''
~oo
""'
.., "., ..., ....
.,'" oo
.,....
4" x 3i"
I" I !."
..... .. ...
!." !." j" \" jj"
""" '1,"1 11& 9.1n.. IO.S It.. 11.9 1~1~ 14.7 11& IS.o n...
" -"."
- - - -"- - - - --- -"."
.,.,
peril per ft..
- - -"."
,,., --
"'" "'" "'"
" oo
.m .,., "'" MOO
..., ..., "" """
".,
"'" "'" "" ..., "'"
.. ..
.",
-.....
per IQIlUe Inch au<! iuclude ~ht of anlloe.
.-W_
9
'0
..
,."
U
...
1110
"'"
'"
'''''
"'"
"'"
IUO
...""".,
a .... ""
"" ""
"'"
...,....
"'" ""
.. ...
""
'"" ....
""
""
,.., ",..,.
'''' =~
"'"
9
,..,
1.10
""
.ro
,,., , ''''' , ""mo
,...
1110
""
..... ...
....
2110 ".,
U"
,... ...
,." ....",.,... ,..,""'" """""",,.. """ ,,..,"'"... ,..,""''''' ...'''',
'0
..
U
"" ""
.
1610
,."
""
For ale 1<<1. below bsvy Ibw t.be deIItioIIo will be creater tba.u t.be
ano-able Umit for ~ cdlllop _ IhI -"'"
>3. CAMBRIA STEEL.
~
NEUTRAL.A.XIB P.A.1.&.LUL TO LONG UO.
Safe lodl below Ill: 6aured for fib ... tI.n:a of 16000 pOund,
{M:r lQ,ua", Inch and include '"'!ih~ of aJtile.
S&etion No. A 135.
......
Dw....,.btI.__
...,
.. .,
... ~rc
'''"'' ...
~"
"''''
~
""" ""
".rc ".rc ~~
'OM
"'" "".,..
~"
"'"
"" "" .,," ....
"'" "" 4810
""
, .., "" .
"'"., ""
..., "'"
"" 4410
"'"
,..,
2j!oO
,. ,.. ..
..., --ooiO "'" ---;;;;;-
n",
11
"" '"'
13 ""
"'"
",.
"00
""
,"'"
ISIO
.."""""
..'''''" "".."'." .,.,""mo
--;;00-
6
7
21110
1881)
"'"
"'"
"'"
"'"
2520
2160
2830
U30
....".,
"'"
3770
3140
~
3450
29M
....,
"" ""
3740
:1210
..... '"''
"",. 12100 ,,,.,
... .,.,
"'" .,.. ".
0030
"'" "'"
4<XJO
8+GO
4320
3700
4000
39tO
9100 1(1314)
4880
4180
mo
~i60
~20
~ ...!.!!2....!1!!!.....!!2L
lml=i:im=~~=====
,.
11
13
1lIII0
1010
~
121
11110
1080
1420
1310
1210
1571)
14.50
1300
lr.lO
tWO
1480
1870
1730
1Il00
202(1
1880
1130
21110
1911O
1&5()
2300
2120
1970
24-40
:rno
20\10
'8<.
U80
2380
2210
For safe load, below '-"y line. tbe delltdions will btl a:reate.. than the
allowable limit for plutered ceillnp .. . if epan.
CAMlIRIA S TEEL. 131
3
6
6
,
10
11
1.
13
1.
10
.....
-.,...
bO_
.....
11
12 ,..,
13 '110
14
10 "'"
noo
UNEQUAL LEGS.
per
Safe load. btlow are lieu~ for fibre
IqUllfe Inch and include .. e1sbt of an&le.
""*I of 16000 pounds d -
0
.-
SlIction No. A 112 .
8" x 6"
...
23.0
....
2f1.7
... '8~
.. "."... ".",.. ,. .. ....".",..
31$ ,,~ 36~ 39.1 4 1.7
6
,
~"
10210 ,,,
"'"
M"
"." "."
....
..
,~
" ........
" ,,""
.or
"."
... ......
123 1(1
''''''
"." "."
211 7ll
,,.,.,
.... .... '"'"
1411(1
,-.
~""
""' ""
....""". ...."'" ........."... ..,.,"'"
10 ..00 "., oo ~
.....
"'" "'" "'" ....
11 87 10 "OO
l' 0""
. .....
os..
" ""
1.
1. "'" " "'"
"'" """ ".. ""'
"" ""
3M
"'" "'"
..00
m
M..
"'" ..... "" ."" ...."'"
-Il-i -;l-ii .... -!11 -!.. I-!
16
17
18 ~
M.. "'" ,..,
19 &or
20
" "'"
,,.,
21
2'
23
24
'''''
,,'"
mr "'"
,,'"
m.
M.. "'"
mr "'"
". "'"
"'.. "'"
M..
n" '"" "'"
"""
.....
"'" ....
"00
"'"
"'" ""
..... "'"
OS'"
...,
32 (0
"'"
... 39 10
For .... fe loads boelow heavy Lin", tbe deflectlollll will be , rater tha n the
allowable limit for p~red <:ciIinp ... -d. span.
CAMBRIA STEEL. 133
,
'"",., "'""., ..,..,
~
"" ""
,.., .."",,.......,
"'"
.. ..
3
, '"" ".,
"" "'"
,,,,
"" ". '''''" "ro
,
6
6
10
"""" ...n. n.
"""" ...... ,.,'"'"
,.,'",., ". .' 00.
.ro
....,
-----..----
'"
1110
~---wro-
""
n
.ro
..,
124(1
'"
...'"
,~
~
11
12
"" "" -
. 00 "" '"
Section No. A 129.
~beI .....
3" x 2"
,
... ppor\eill
i," \" ~ til I nil i i"
,~
3.07 n.. 4.1 lbo. IS.O lbo. 1S.9 ]bo. ,.~ 7.7 1bo.
--- , ~ ,." -- ,."- -,."
-- ,." - ,."
, -
a
,
n"
14 70
1110 .
...n" "'"".,"""... """'",""""" oo ,.."'""" ".,"""-" ".,"'"Mrouro
41 70
,
6
"" "" '''' I ".,
1010 ",. ",,~
'''''
1 ~1O
..
8
10
~~ ---.;;-~""----,.,
490
.j.4(l
G+O
MO
;00
110 830
mo
!130 ] 00)
]I.'iO 1070
11 .j(lO $30 &to ,61) 810 Q70
12 370 4!1O MlO e90 aoo 8W
-- ----
~o
... fe load. ""low MaVY li~ t~ MIi<!ctiom will be ,""'tel' than the
allo",,,ble lilllit for plasu:red ceilinao ...10 _ ".
,.. CAMBRIA STEEL.
Safe load, below a", fia:;ured for fib", .treM of 16000 pounds
per IIQU:O'" inch and include "..,iihl of allllie.
Dio_ be<_
--~CSc,,-CtiCo-n-N
TO SHORT LBO .
=-o.-CA-9C3C.---
J-
3" X 21"
~-;" I +1';='P.!.~"=Ir::.:l'I'~'~n~"::JIr:::.:l'I';='+.~n\;-
"
...
fm. 14.6 [be. 1I.6 1bt. 6.61be. 7.6 1be. 8.6 lbe. 9.6 lbe.
-----I-~"'""'---~
-'-'---~
-"-- -~
-'-'- -~
-'-'- --~
-,-,.-
"..
>om ~~
.., .. ro ....
a
4
..
~"
"ro
aro
,..,
""
"ro .ro
,'''' "'"
>oro
"m,... "'"
""'
,,~
"'"
""
,
""
"'" ..
.. ''''' "" "'" 1411)
7 800
"'" "" ""
--...,-
,ro 12~ 0
''''
'" ---.;0 ---;;;-
.., ""
"" """.,
,.,.,. .. .. ..
---mI "00
10 1110
'"
..,'" oro '" on,ro "'
"".....,
n 1010
'"
'".'" "' ""
, '" '" ""
""-
'" Section No. A 95.'" '"
bet.. _ 3t" x Zt"
~_. _l~'
4.9
_1.2.._1.:..1_1."-_1.:..1
6.1 I 7.2 8.3 9 .4
I." I~L!l2.. J~_
lOA 11.6 ' 12.ft 13.4
iu 1",,1.. lbe. lbo. lbo. lbe. lbe. lbe. !be. lbe. lbo.
_ _ _ por~. porll. porll. ~ perft.. wft.. ~I porft.. ...e'!..!!:...
2 4020 4')40 M:lO 6600 7530 I 8330 I OIlO 9S8) 10620
3 2t1SO 3300 3890 U60 $02(1 M80 60&1 M80 7080
4 !tIl0 217(1 :mo 33JO 3760 417(1 01560 49-10 1>310
- 1- - - - - - -
6
7
1340
11 00
ltoM
lUO
liMO
1510
2230
lUlU
~IO
2100
27M
23SO
3OtO
2000
3290
2S20
-
3.\40
3030
1010 1240 1 1460 Ism I&SO 200J 22SO I 2470 ~
CAMBRI A STEEL.
--
wtiaWlOl
D __
ilIt.~
,
,. ..,
7
,..."" ..'"'" "'"
11
oo ""
,,,..
...
1&1IJ
....--
-".,.
ID relt
""
, ""
,.
7
8 ....
""
""
",
,..,
""
""
11
..,.,."
13
For safe load . bl!1ow Ilea,,), line. the deftec:tionll will bI! crmtH !.han t he
allowable limit for Dlastered ceiHnp .. . l. ,pan. _
CAMBRIA STEEL.
'"
SAn: LOADS IN POUNDS UNIFORMLY DIS
TRIBUTED FOR CAMBRIA ANGLES.
UNEQUAL LEGS .
.u::ts P~LLZL TO IBORT UO .
J-
16000 pound.
,,
,8
.
,.
11
,,."
.-
CAMBRIA STEEL.
6" x 31"
I"
........
....
'900
.o M
...,
".,
For saFe load. below !>ea."Y lintl !.he ddlectioDl will be create.- thaD !.be
a.Uowable limit {or plalte~ ceilinp - .'" ' J)IID.
,
CAMIIBIA STEEL.
".
SAn LOADS IN POUNDS UNIFORMLY DIS-
TRIBUTED :rOR CAMBRIA ANGLES.
UNEQUAL LEGS.
lfIlUTIL&.L.lXlS P&JU..LLJ:L TO SBORT LBG.
Safe load. btlow are fiaured fOlr fibre Ittelf Olf HIOOO pound.
pcr I(Jllate Inch and indude weill;ht Olf anale..
6" x 4"
tIt I."
.."
11
14
"
1.
17
18
~g
.,
will bt &fI':ate." t han the
140 OAMBRIA S T E EL.
......
..""- 7".)[ 3f'
11
ta
13
14
16
17
18
19
20
~~
.a
'4
For .fe load. below MaVY Ii..... tile deBection.s wiU be armter than the
alIo ...-abLe Umlt for .~ lli'4lI " "'pan.
OAMBRIA STEEL. >4,
.....
-....
""" --
I" N' \" ti"
8" x 6"
- - - - - - -- --- -
I" U" t" 1/" 1"
, ,
-
. .
23.0 2f; .7
- - --- - - --
"no ..... "'oo
- -- -- --- --
'"'' "'"
7
8
10
21310
12210
'''''''
"'"
,
"'" n"" ''''''
... ... ....
'''''
"""
,....
',3>,
"'"
'''''''
13150
n
'M"
...
10150
15110
"""
"""
"""
"no
114\10
31 110
"'"
"''''
",
"""
"""
"'"
25760
",,,
''''''
"'''
"'"'
H880
"'"
''''''
"'"
"""...
"""
21740
"""
'"'"
-...
,,.... "''''
,....
16210
,
15110
.. ...
.. "'. .... ... ...
....
11
"" !O" 121(1(1 ,.."
12
!O"
"" "" "'"" 11310
" 'm" 11150
, """"
"'" "''''
M"
,... ""' ""'" ,.,.,
!Oro
"'" .... ....
13 n""
I. ,,., "'"
"" 7Sl0
"'"
,~ro
""" liMO
,.
,. ....
18
18 ... ... !OM
""
SQ10
--.00
....
M" "'" ""
~
"'" 6110
...
"'"
28
27
28 ... 3110 "00 5110 MOl
""
For afe Joad. hf:1ow I>ea."y lines tbe d~ectio1lll wiU be ,reater than the
.lIowabl~ limit for plaotcred ceilinp - III _".
142 CAMBRIA STEEL.
DU U CTlONB.
(I) Beam supportoed at both ends and Uniformly Loadoed:
~ . , T "_, D /) WI> /) (W,+W,)I'
J.Ie',ectlOn pr Pta...... .. - :lSlEI - :lSI HI
'"
N' _ 48EI,whcre P - 1000 pound_ andl_ 12"
Total De6ection. In indea, due to a Beam Uniformly Loaded for any .pan in
f D NWL' N (W.+Wo) 1.'
eet - - l(l()ij" - 1 000
Total Deflection, in inchc.. dl,le to a SuperimD<*:d Load P and the We!a:bt of
. N'P1.'
Belm W, for any _pan In feet .. D - 1000 + NWtU
1000
a .. ..!.!
725
1.' ,_ ...2... 1.'
232
-:0::] ~on. In Inches, for 'a fib .... _u_ of 12 roo lbo. pet" l(luare Inch
-0- 7H'
..
!'OR VNBYMMETIlIC.u. SECTIONS.
TQtaI1)eRtion. in inches, for a fibre $treSll of 16000 pound. pet" l(Iuare Inch
.. O .. --.!!...
,
Total Deflection. in inches. f .... a ~bre It... of 12 roo pound. per Iquare loch
H'
-O .. ~X,
... OAKB RIA. STEEL.
'" W,
Maximum Bmdl,.. MOmHIt at middle
bm.m-M-7+s'
I~,~".'..'". Shear.! POinuoflupPOrt ..
pt, Iii W.'
Mu. OefIectloD .. o&8EI + 3M EI'
M'
axImum D e fectlOn
l' PI' +. Wsll
= 3EY 8Ey'
Safe Superimposed Load. in. lbs., con-
t t d P _ W, I' - 4a W, (I - a).
cen ra e, , - Sab
Maximum Bending Moment under load
a(2Pb +W,I-W.a)
= 21 " Pb W.
Ma,,,. Shear at Sup. near a = L + -2'''
. Pa W,
Max. ~hear at SuP. near h = T + "2'
Deflection at distance x from left sup-
1 [2al-a'1!l
% :~~--:,~~~-=-=-=~p~=::!?--.:-: port = 3Ell ~ J
/lM! 1 p
1~
centrated. each, P, = Sa
Maximum Bending Moment at center
W,I
.
~P of beam = Pa + S
Q}P
..
Diagram for Superimposed Load:-
:
<.Q ...
Bendin, Moment at 1', _ "
_Ra,_ QV,.... ].
~
M .. ~+ P(a,-a)
a
.-'--'-'--'
:' lP, QFP , :,B QV2..l,+ P,(a.-a,J+ P (a.-a)J.
QI'P --'--~'
~!-'7" ':~:-4!>'::~~1
Shear or Reaction at Left Support
-
, ____ J ___
, ___ __1 ____ b.
__ 1. _______
,
P.bt + P,b,+Pb+ W,.
,
The lOta] bendil4l moment at any
point pr'Odnoed by all the wt;v.ta ia
Sbear or R...,Uo" at RlM;ht SuppOrt
poa.+p,a,+""+W
' ,,, ,
-
~ual to the aum of t.he mo.~ta at
that po!nt produoed by each of tlte Diagram SUp"riml><*'d
welghta .. pantely. Draw u in Cue (5) the Otdinatetl """~
FC.
Dialram for Dead Load similar lO CD and HE I'tPfftIoenting t.he bendin,
momenta due to load, 1', p , and P. ~.
Caoe (1).
apectivdy, J'>roduce FC to P, making P C
_ FC + IC + JC; CD to O. making
OD - CD + KD + LD; and HE to R,
making RE _ liE + ME + NE. Join
the pOint. A, P, O. Rand B, then tlte
ordinacea betw~n A B and polygon A P
ORB will n:pre...nt t.he bendinl momenta
for co ...... POnding point. on beam.
CAMBRIA STEEL. 147
D1a~m
L ~ - -- ----- I "-------i(
ror Total 1.oo.d,....~raw
" ---,.- -'
WI (W , +Wo) l
A
"" /
li
/ !~
;"
Q'
,,:g' X Dbtance of poin", of contraflu:u ...
from l upporu ao fl.
M , .. !i.
T I>e Vertical disla.1ICeI be-
.- ,- '
Be>dina: Moment at ndddle of bo<am ..
"
Muimum Shear at polnuol l UJ)J)(>rt _
A A' Ilarallcl to bax and a t a distan"" P+W.
(b-t)1
bd'
+12-'
h'-]'
ti i. J I,AsiaI- I - 12 " 8
1 A_t{2a_I).
,. .. _'+at-tO
'\ ' "T~'
:
~.
A_t(a+b_t).
1(2",'+ b)+." ,t(2b'+a)+b'"
:r.. 2(,.'+b) ".. 2(b'+"""i>- '
Tan z.._ +[.c2:!-t)~b_-h'l+<h':-t)(a-t){a+t-:h:j It,
. 2(1'_1)
_...
I, Alii I .. 1 .. ~b"";(b-I)(I:- I)'.
2 A_\b+2(a_I))t.
+ (bt-t,)1=1'
(a-.t)
: :
btl'
, T ..... 2<I_
1 AU 1 _ I .. abO-a'{b-2I)',
- -
- - I
- a' -- ~
. "
b (.+.,)' - 21''1>' - &.' ..'1>'
1'.~2-2 _ 12 .
e _ ruea 01 head.
2 A .. t+t (d- 1I:1+(b- II ( , +~).
-
..
' ,
Df.i' '-II-J " "- ,
..
~I 'k~ - a'- ill'
." - "2
-~r
, .,.",
" :1' - 11'2 -
'_____i~
,
- - Ell-..-
--b ':' _~, "" %.1 - "2
1]T
.
_ -b ~
q
i ~
,,
)!: .
J. "" . - d
-6}-- 'b.
.i.
x,
bd - bid, d
." - "2
~.- "of ~,
__ . t .
"" .--" yb'+d'
CA.DRtA 8TEEL. ,.,
PROPERTIES OP VARIOUS SECTIONS.
, S - ..
1.. , - ~{
.'
" -'---
11' 13
"
..
o'
..
" V3
..
- .$77
I
a' - a,'
,,-- a' - a,'
~a'+ '"
I "
0
o --
"
_ _ .11&'
,,12 y' i2 - .~
"
M'
- I:.f -.--
M' y'~12 _.288d
d
--.-
M'
-,-
M'
tiT - .6n d
,,-
bd'-bld,o
.
-bd' - --
b,d,' f bd' - bod,-
, TIl (bd - bid;)
...... ...... M
II (b'+ dl) lI y'b'+dO VG (b' + d')
I
". OAMBRIA 8 T EEL.
L
A
:rand Xl
.
~.
-~~>~' '(l \~:-- ,
bd 0_ '_.+b",
,
- .
,
18"
, ,
~, J "'-"3
.J
X
---- .~--
'
-,- bd
'''-T
.,
!O----b '-':
'[i"
,
7'. 1
~,- b --",
,
~--- .
bd
" 0-'
B
1 --------- "4"
.. .t.___ __ ....
T
W'
-- --- ---
~ ___ d ___ ', I
~~- .,.
s- ...:t$Sd'
.- '" a- -
"
(3 .. - 4) d
.2 IZoi
"
,
CAMBRIA BTEEL.
".
PROPERTIES OF VARIOUS SECTIONS.
s .. ..!..
" '-{f
" 6 dc-=-+bai""
I
"'.
,.- "'. d
V 18 ...2300:1
"
Axi. thwu\:h hue; , I d
""" W V 6 .. .408<1
Axi. throu,h apes;
"'.
T I ..
'"
W'
I
d
,!T- .707d
,
.d
"ii"-.I)f!lrd' .... .. .(lII8d'
.-
d
I "
'(d:;:" ') _.1)f9 (d<-d,') (dO-d,.)
n'd ....008
(d'- d,')
d --.--
v'~
-
,.,
".
1/r'-fl.I
~. d ... .000d G4.) d' " J124d' VI/r'-fl.I d _ .l32d
Ul2 (30-
b'-Hbb,+ b,' d' b'+4bb,+b,' d J2{b'-Hbb,+b")
36 (b+b.) 12(b,+2b) . d'
6(b+b,)
154 CAMBRIA STEEL.
--(lIT
, __ t
%d tan. 30
2 = .866d'
L\)-~~-.
- - ~_L %d' tan. 30 =. 866d' Xl
d
= 2 C08 300 = .577d
'___4-~Ll:- d
.. !d = .785 bd d
Xl=-
2
d
td + 2b' (8 + n') Xl=-
2
b
td + 2b' (5 + n') X, =2"
d
td + b' (8 + n') X, =2"
ht'
td + b' (5 + n') I
x= lb's+2+a(b -
(b+ 2t) 1 + A
g
t)'
I Xl = b - x
CAMBRIA STEEL. 155
0
~ [d' (1 + 2 cos' 30 )J A [d(I+2COS'300)J __d_ /1+2cos'300
12 4 cos' 30 "6 4 cos' 30 "'.12d' 4cos300 3
= .06d' = .264d
~ [d'
12
(1 + 2 cos' 300
4 cos'300
)J ~ [d (1
6
+ 2 cos' 300
4cos 30
)J _ _d_ _ /l+2cos'300
4 cos 30"\' 3
= .06d' = .104d' = .264d
d
":':' = .049bd "::' = .098bd' 4
_1 [bd' - -~ (h 4 -I')J 21
12 4g
h-I d r=#
where g= b- t
1~[h"(d-h) +lt3
+ t (b'-tO)J b
21
r=#
whereg= ~
b-t
~ [2SI>'+lt3+~-(b4 -t')] I
- Ax'
h-1 I b-x r=#
where g = 2(b - ti
168 OAM BRIA STEEL.
I :rand ~I
l~'
,. !-~;.:{-- bd-h(b-t) :11-"2
d
..
:i:, ~ b
, .... ,;
....
,~~Y
J!
_____ ~_ J.,
t
-- 11 - -
bd- h (b-t)
"'-2'
,.---.;1---
.:t'fri_
., :8,'--
:i::1 ~
bd-h(b-t) ,.. .. "2
d
.ltf3J.-
!. --b
~
bd-h(b- t) '- ~ ..
2bIa+ht'
-
.
t -:"' __ d . ""': ",,_b_:<
." ~. '
----- ~-. td+.(b-t) :1:1 -
2
d
.x ,~_. b ~;
.L_ ___'It,
i.
.. >];. r::;;1i:. % ... d't+"(b-tl
,
~.
11i~
&;
I".+ht
:I.I ..
2A
d-.,
.4 L"_
l~i
" '.
- ~-:...-- t
~,.
,
_.
b:d---
:
'
I-
bI+ht+b.a
", .. ~t)~-t)(2d-')
'EI - d-ll
2WO+ht'
~-,-
,~
2sb'
-~
,,-
+ ht'
,
I 12Ibd-b(b-t>!
2ab'+ ht'
~-A1', b-< #
td'+"(b-t) td'+"(b-t) td'+,,(b t)
12[td+ l(h -t)]
" '"
1.>:,'+ b>:'- (b- t) (x- al'
3 d -:r
PROPERTIES OF I-BEAMS.
SECTION MODULUs-Column 8.
WJ3
N= - - N'=~
76.8EI 48EI
in which
In this case the Section Modulus 5' = -b I' the notation being
-x
as given at the heads of the columns.
160 CAMBRIA STEEL .
EXAMPLE 1.
EXAMPLE II.
EXAlIPLK III.
What is the &afe load uniformly distributed that can be placed
on an 8-inch standard channel weighing 11.25 pounds per foot,
with a clear lipan of 15 feet for a maximum fibre strC!l!l of 12500
pounds per equare inch, the web to be placed vertically?
From the Table of Properties of Standard Channe:!.s, page 100,
column 16, the coefficient of strength F' for the given channel
under the conditions named, is found to be 67 300. Hence, the
total load may be 67300 + 15 ... 4487 pounds, and, asthechanncl
itself weigh, 169 pounds, the net superimposed load which it can
aafely cany under the given conditions is 4318 pounds.
EXAlIPLE IV.
What is the fibre stress in a 5" x 3" angle weighing 8.2 pounds
per foot if loaded at the center with a weight of 1500 pounds, used
as a beam with a span of 6 feet, the 5-inch leg to be placed verti-
cally?
The bending moment at the center will be
WII+W,l ... ISOOX72+8.2X6 X72_27443' h d
4 8 4 8 ~~un~
... .....
" "A.fiO 1.91 .26 2.42 2.7 1.8 1.19 -63 .62
,...
" "7-60 2JU .36 2-62 2.9 1.9 1.16 .60 .62
.,. g:g
..
7~O 2.21
... 2.66
g~ .77
S~O 2.602.
'.79 ,
2.73
,, w, .s
B3 .S
..
9.60 .34
'B' 6.7 3
"
~
10.60 3.02
9.76 'B7 2'
'B' .'"'
'BS
3.00
3.lIS
HU ....., .... ...
7.' 3 .
,~.
'.23
~7
36.2 >0..
S.7 ...7 ,~.
.7S
.3' g~~ ~~ "12.12 U~ ~::;r .7'
.7.
.68
.. .... .....
17.60 6.16
" 20.00 6.88
'2'
....
~ .27 3.78 .64
M~ 10.0
18.00 1S.33 .27 ..00 ""2
.. "
"
20.26 6.96 .3'
22.76 6.69 .44 4.>7
26.26 7.43
"'S ..,
68.0
16.0
17.0
3.18 ..04
g:Ag 4.a.
.S'
B '
.60
..
~
""
21.00 6.31
~8:gg U~
...2. 1jg 91.9 ~S~ 3~'
3.67 1S.16
101.9 22.6 3.40 rn
..0
BS
B
.... " ...
.07 461
86.00 10.29 .73 ..77 111.8 24.S 3.30 7.31 B4
..
.
46.0013..24
" 60.00 14.71 ~
.. 61\.00 16.18
" 60.00 17.66 .?>
6.66 400.8 6O.S 0.87 10.09
6.66 488.4 64. 0.7816.04
011.0 68.1 0.62117.06
~~~ 03S.6 71.S 0.62 IS.17
107
1.04
IDS
1.01
PROPERTIES
OAMBBIA STEEL.
or STANDARD I-BEAMS.
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PROPERTIES or SPECIAL I-BEAMS.
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90.026.47 .99 8.69 843.4 112.11111.64 14 !'i.79 1.32
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96.0 2 7.94
100.029.41
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2966.6 246.3 9.3383.23 '~8
CAMBRIA STEEL. ",
PROPERTIES OF STANDARD I-BEAMS.
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126 .9 7.S6 .60 3.11 1. . 1
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181.3 9.19 .66 3.62 ' ' 114.322.8 3 .63 8 .00 2.87
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30.010.29 .40 4.08'1 201.0 38.7 4 .9412.04 14.06
37.010.88.004.12 ' 209.840.04.8913.104.17
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PROPERTIES OF STANDARD ANGLES.
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. CAMBRIA STEEL.
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PROPERTIES OF SPECIAL ANGLES.
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PROPERTIES OF -\
STANDARD ANGLES.
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PROPERTIES OF
STANDARD ANGLES.
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CAMBRIA STEEL. 183
PROPERTIES OF
STANDARD ANGLES.
UNEQUAL LEGS.
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1
-- - ----------
RAdius Distance of Cenrer
of of Gravity Moment of Seotion Radius of T~~ent Least Radius
Gyration from Baok of Inertia Modulus Gyration of Gyration Sootion
Axis 1-1- Shorter L'g. Axis 2-2. Axis 2-2. Axis 2-2. Angle. Axis 3-3.
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PROPERTIBS OF SPECIAL ANGLES.
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....
.00 .~ ' .8 48.9 l{i.O
404 14.7
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C 63. .00 . .8 SP' ,~
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B '64 '00 10.8
UO ~U ~n II '.8
. '7' '7'
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'7'
'74 >30 II 3.0 n~ 20.4
63. ..0 ..7 3.0 8 23.1
-
For detail dilO~".iolll of Seo:tion No. 539, ...., pa.~ 20.
A; B:-Tx."" A: T ype B; Ameri<2n Railway Asoodation Standa.rd.
C:-ADle can SocietK
of Civil Engineers SLanda . d.
M:-Manufacturef1l tanoia"".
--
.......
&11
.t.:W
Hi! I H
l'i! 11 1.03
1.0'
"}6 sa 12 1.13
1.16
1.19
.41 !iiJ{ !::m '2'
'2'
....17 iiiH!2H 1.34
1.36
L39
.,
lA.
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U3
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'~9
1.76
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2.36
2.38
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2.80
2.80 .
3~.
3.80
3~'
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U~
A.,.as ItIalted.", I~I ..:tlo....
,.0 OAMBRIA STEEL.
"
. --,. ~.!.1 ... ..!'~ .!j-~ _'L.
troT f'W. fIT.... i'T . rT .
_ . ~~ ~ ..;~ ..;~
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-- .... ......""""
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IaoIll. fIIllpotioL
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. . 2 J.i .~2 0.79
S U'" oms g:~~
8.10 0.77
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0.84 OM 0 .99
0~2 0~7
0~6
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1.12
1.16
A.~,29
. 8 ?is
. g .~.
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0~7
0~6
0~8
8M
0.79
0~8
0~6
0~8 0~8 0~8 L09
0~8 1.03
0~6 1.06
~3
. . )'i2J.i
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2.62
8:K3 W,
8.84
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'.09 1.13 1.18 '28
1.11 '2' '2'
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. . 3J.i j'i,2J.i
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1.18 '2'
1.14 1.19 '2'
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1.10
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& .24 '.04 '2, U, ...,
6.68 1.07
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1.13 1.18 '2'
'20 1.36 1.39 1.49
'28
MJ.9 , '.M ....
1.30 ...0 UO '.60
U8 '27 1.17 '2' '20 1.39
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72' '2' '2' '20 '2'
& 10.06 L21 12. '.40 1~' 1.46 1~'
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7.00
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.
11.68 1.17 127 132 '27 1.47
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.A.~,08 .~8}i .,0 Ul 1.80
H .~,
t::3
1.87
, ,~,
U. 1.66
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1 ~8 1 ~ 8 1.66 1.'71
.t.~,3fi ;'i4 1.71S ,~
8~0 1M 1.60 1.68 1.73 1.78 1~7
lOA6 1~' '.62 1.71 1.76 ,.so '~O
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11.10 '~O '20
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. . H 11.'72 '~O 1.62 1.67
15.96 18. 1.58 1.67 1.71
1.71 ,~,
1.76 1~6
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-
Radil of C)'t1I.tion c:orrespond 1.0 dl..,.;tiona IndiaLted by arrowhead .
.I.~,29 8 ~2 1.66
1.68
1.71
~,8
"
S ~2)i
. ""
' .60
1.66
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8U ,~8
n l~'
1.92
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Ii 2.12
2.18
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a 2.00
2.04
2.07
2.61
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260
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2~O
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t ~4
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8.12
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'.1.109 7
"
" "
,.. CAMBRIA STEEL.
,
For various values of.!: in which L - length in feet and r-
radius of l{Yr3tion in inches.
P - ultimate strength in Ibs. per square inch.
I'oa . on 5TUL.
Iqu.n bearin( Pin and Iqu.arto bearlna' Pin beariDa'
<5000 p - <5000 p - <5000
p - - - (12L)' 1+ (12L)1 I + ( 12 L)1
1 + 36000rl 24 000" IS 000 r'I
To obtain safe unit stress:
For quiC'lCcnt loads, as in builclin~, divide by 4.
For moving loads, as in bridges, ivide by 5.
. .- .
Ultimate Strlqth In l ila. UltlmAt4 5 b'e"l'th In lb .
L
,
,.,
3.0
- per II quan Inch.
43437
.3230
43011
"' ...
42694
42395
42081
...
41978
41593
41190
L
,
7.6
- .-
--- - - - -- -
,.
per 8 qu .... Illch.
...
.,,"
"'" "'"
Pi....
"41' "770
"268
8.'
8.6
'.8 '42M3
'82 417M
41412 .""
....0
8.0
8.'
S5828
35462
"'14 321164
"'62
29200
..,
'.0 .""
''')3.\
41058
40693 ,. "'"
39893
39."
8.4
8.6 84727
843.\8
31615
31169
30724
28763
28272
'tI7fJ/
'.6
41765
"'"
40317
')488 39"0
,ma ,.,
"'" '.0 33988 30282 27306
'.8 41'" 39534
,. 3324' "". "'" 33611 29844
.. .- "... """
5.0
62
40910 39130
88300
37500
36997
36488
"'"
2854' "'..
9.6
'.8
32880
32511
28977 25903
5.' "'9'
5.5 3787. 35975 10.0 32143 28)25 25000
39663 374.43 354" 'nll6 "55'
10.2
10.4
Sm6
31411 27290 '4125
."" 264" '36"
-
6.0 37006 "OM
34'38 10.6
"'"
.. 3""
6.2
"'" 36'
36566
"
34416
'"''
10.8 30684
"'" "'"
6.'
6.6 38323
"965 "'" "46'
833" 1t.0 22866
37976 3284'
SS219 11.2 25675
7.0 87616
.""
34716 """
32328
11.4
11.6 29247
25285
24899
24511
22Il63
21671
7.'
7.'
"''' "'""'"
31800
31292 "'''
11.8 28903
CAMBRIA STEEL.
L
,
.
VIUmato Strength In lb .
per Sq ....... Inch.
-
~ .~ .~
-- ---
16.& "960
12.0
12.2
12.4 "'"
211163
2414'
23771
23406
20911
2054'
20m '"
21406
21137 167111
141)43
13812
12.6
12.8 .,"" 23'"
.,,85 22693
19823
19474
17.0
17.2
'M
20611
16459
16216
13584
18288
17.4 20053 15977 13150
13.0
13.2 "'"' 2234' 19133
Ism
17.6 20098 15742 1293'
13.4 "'" "'"
261~
22005
18469
17.8 1984' lMil2 12731
13.6
I3S "'"
2554' ".-
21329 18148
17833
18.0
18.2
IS.4
19599
19351
19114
15286
"""
14'45
12528
1232.
12185
14.0 20m 17523 IS.6
24909 ""'"
18878 14630 11944
18... 14420
14.2
14.4
14.6
24598
24290
""" 20052
19146
17221
16925
16634
IS.S
19.0 18418 14218
11757
11579
14S
15.0
23985
23684
19445
19148
''''''
16071
19.2
19.4
19.6
18185
"'''
17740
14010
13811
13616
11394
11219
11048
15.2 2S387
15.4 23093
18'08
18572 "'"
15032
19.8 17519 13422 10817
15.6
I5S
".,.
2'51'
18288
18015
15270
15105
20.0
20.2
20.4
1731.
17096
16688
n:
12,,,
10715
10553
16.0 22234 17744 14764 20.6 16682 12690 """
'"''
16.2
16.4
21954
21678
17478
17216
145IS
14271l
20.S
'"'' 12515 10087
r ..
, CAMBRIA STEEL.
~
50000 50000
p - - -(12L)1 p -
1 + (12L ~ p -
1 +36000r' 1+
2-1000'
To obtain safe unit stress:
For quieteent loads, as in buildingll, divide by 4.
For moving loads, all in bridges, divide by 5.
L
,
.
11IUrnaw
PlOt
'tn~
.....
sQ.......
In lb!!.
lDd>.
....
L
,
. -. ... ...
171tlma.t. ItnDCth hi. I ...
--
per 'quan Inch.
.. .... -
.~ ~ ~
..
.7271l
.., "''''
'.0
"'"
....,46013 44S22
"'"
325
"""
"'" 8.'
... ....
.. - ....
.f.5!14 43817
""" ..'" "'" ., "'" 37164
43'" "'''
"'" '36"
45781
., ."., "418 ,,,.,
"'" 9.2
,.4 298" 33'''' 2m3
,. "'" """ 2827'
..
...55 41667 '.6 32'97
,.. ...m .,'"
52 .(3119 4It<8
36""
40M2
31721
2878'
'.6 44427
"416'" 39972 10.0 35714 31250 'mI8
..
'.8 4.4010 853" lOot 27288
'"'' "'''
39397
6.' .,,'" ."" "'" 41118
10.4
10.6
"'" "'" "'"
34'"
30322 26S06
..
.,." 34""
43337 10.8
6.6
"'"'8916 """
40136 3"'"
371Y/'i2896' 24'"
11.0
294"
'.640
"".
39\3' """
"'" """
""'.
11.2
11.4. !2898
2M07
7.' 41'"
"'" """
,,,. II> "'" '65 "'''
'2724'
11.5 24IYI'i
7.'
7.'
41413
41016 "'" """
37535 """
32114
OAMBRIA STEEL. ".
STRENGTH OF STEEL COLUMNS OR STRUTS.
For various values of ~, in which L - length in feet and r -
radius of gyration in inches.
P _ ultimate strength in 11>5. per square inch.
rOB lIUDIUM STEEL.
Iquan bea.-inc Pin and Iquue bearlll&' Pin bearin&
00000 50 000 IJ() 000
P - 1 + (12L)1 p - - - ( - 12 L)t P - - - (t2L)1
36000e 1 +24000~ 1 + 18000 rI
To obtain safe unit stress;
For quiescent loads, as in buildings, divide by 4.
For moving loads, as in bridges, divide by 5.
..-...
Ultimate Streneth in IbtI. Ultlau.te StreDlrth in lb.
JHIr Square Inch. L per Squan Inch.
L
, ...... ,
--
~~
- - .~
--
...
--
~~ ...
16.6 18844 15600
2M" "'"
81726
12.0
''''' 162 "''''
"'" 18564
2000' "'"
12.2 31341 1534'
12.4
"95' 22421
221125 17.0 23I\H 18288 161193
12.6
122 "'" "'"
"211' 25214 21638 17.2 22901 18018
"'51
.."'"'" ,_ I" "''' In"
17.4 22614 14611
2>4" ,"'"
21259 17.6 22331 11491 14376
13.0
13.2
13.4
""" 29099 20521
17235 14145
I,.
13.6
"."
,.".
28381 23336
20164
19814
21238
18.0
18.2
18.4
21m
21501
"984
1673'
164"
13920
136"
13483
14.0
14.2
28027
"on
22978
22626
19470
19134
18.6
18.8 '20715
097'
"'" 16022
13271
13063
18S05
14.4
14.6
'7331
25'89 """
21940 18482 19.0
,-
""" "'" I"" 12661
14.8
"'" """ 18167 19.2
19.4 "'"
19'57 15346 1"66
-
15.0 2531. 21276 1785' 19.6 19711 15129 1227.
15.2 25985 "534 19.8 19466 14913 "086
211'" 211636
15.4
15.6
I" I '"''
2533'
25018 2111117
17258
16967
"683 ,...
2M
211.2
19'31
18'"
14706
"500
11905
11725
16.0
16.2
"1114 19716
24393 I 19420
164()1
16131
211.6
211.'
18764
18638
18311 "'"
WOO
13905
11549
11377
112118
16.4 241)37 19129
"'65
,.. CAM BRIA STEEL .
,
CA.MBRIA STEEL. '.7
balled upOn the Leaet Radius of G)ration. are given on page. 242 to
245. and data relating to the proper ,,;zes of latti~ bars and stay-plates
to be u8Cd with these columns are gh'en on pages 244 and 245.
On pages 206 and 207 are given the Pri ncipal Dimensions of Plate
and Channel Columna with comparatively narrow plate!! called. for
conveniencc of reference. Series A, and on pages 208 and 209 for
Serie!! B, which diffcr1l from Serie!! A, in havlllg wider plate!!. Mo-
ment! of Inertia and Section Moduli about two reclangular axes
are given for Series A and B on pa~. 210 to 216 inelu.ive, and the
Safc Loads for different lengths, based u pon the LcaBt Radius of
G)'ration, arc given on pages 246 to 273 inelusive.
Safc Loads for I -Bcams u~ as Column. or Struts are given on
pages 218 to 221. and the dimensions of these I!ect;ons can be obtained
from the tables on paJo:CS 164 to 167 inclusi,e.
T he Plate and Channel Columns given in Series A are particularly
useful in buildings or locations in which it is desired to kC(:p the ex-
treme dimensions of the crOllS !lCCtion as small as po!Mible for this Bt y[e
of column, although in this ..erie. the Radius of Gyration about the
cen tra l axis parallel to the channel webs i. somewhat . maller than the
Radius of Gymtion about the axis perpendicular to the channel webs.
This makes the narrower columns of Series A f!(lmewhat leM economi-
cal of material than the wider columns of Series B, which, however. is
small in amount for columns of ord inary story length of 10 feet to [4
feet, such as are u!!Cd. in skeleton buildings.
In Serie!! B of Plate and Channel Columns with wider plate!!, the
Radii of Gyration about the two axes are practically equal for the
intermediate thicknesses and these columns are slightly more ec0-
nomical of mater ial than those of Series A, although they requi~
IOmewhat more space on account of their wider IICCtions.
T he Safe Loads for columns of various kinds, as given on pages 218
to 273 inclu sive. are expressed in thousands of pO\Jllds, and ha"e been
figured by the use of Gordon's formula, as stated at the heads of the
various tables. using the safety factor 4. which relate!! to static or
quiescent loads such as occur in ordinary buildings,
On page 203 isgiven a table s howing the Distances Back to Back for
Spacit)g two Channels of the same size in order to produce equal Mo-
ments of Inertia about the two rectangular axes. Thill table will be
found to be useful in designing compression members of trusses, etc.
T he Safe Loads of the tables. a~ a llll umed to be centrally applied,
and for convenience in computing the proper sizes required to lIuppOrt
ececntric loads, the tables of Moments of Inertia and Section Moduli
for the different sections of columns arc given,
T he Safe Loads in the various tables are figured for extreme ratios
,
from 30 to 150 for I. in which I i8 the length of the column and r th e
Least Radit)! of Gyration. both expressed in inches.
The weightll of columns stated in the tables are per lineal foot of
shaft, and do not include any allowances for bases, brackets or other
connections, as th~ depend UpOn the particular details and require-
ments of each ca..e.
Loads for other !lafety factor1l can be figured from the tablee by
inverse proportion. thus:
New safety factor: .. : : load from tables. : new loads.
Drawings of t ypical details of steel columns are given on page 217.
19S OAMBR I A STEE L .
'i:h
. 'iii! ---Ii: --~
~Jf
1 ~rY'i,t'"-- ...... -
J,_'
....-b.-...
, "
,-..... ... .. ..
2 "
". ,,, ,
T~~'
"
"'- , -"'_.
~ 0 m m' k H
- "'''' --
, --- -
I... ~ .. Lbo.,..1'I. $j.In
---
.....
---
,..... I..... IDtloa.
- - - - - - - - - --
lllOboo. IlIQ ...
~ '~H ' ~ S,
"
K M4
44. 1 3.00 31' 2
23.1 ,~
'1' 'I' !" S. ,
~ 1~J.i . ~1 " K 47.6
24.8 7.24 41' ,~
'1' 'I' ~" ~~
~ d!Ji
~
" "
I ~i' 10 I ~
Ji
14.00 2
26.6 7.74
0 1.0 10.00 ' I' i }i '1' 'I' !" 12
' 2"
a 12)i1" Hh!4 28.2 S.4 SI'
'" ' 1' ~" '3' "~
,.
J.i J.i 64-4 16.00 2 'I'
1
3 )i1 2 .\i 1J4
h
'h U
~
21S.6 7.lI l
71.6 2 1.01 ' I' !~ 'I' 'J' 1" '0. 'ou
I ,
3 )i1 2 ).i.U 8. " 2SA 7.76 41' 2. 'I' 'J' ~" 11 ~
11
" '1'" '4~ 2 1.76
1 ,! "AIl~' n 103.0
39.4 11 A 9
' I' Iii ' 1' 2." ~.~ ,, ~
..
80.19
"'... ,-
la:II .. .... ....
, - -" -....- -, --I - -,.....- --
- - -- - - - - - - - - -
..... --
"'....-
~I~}il~ lOl A
" 1:~:~
18.87
87.74 'i' ~Ii ~ 2. ~.K ,.'"
1SI8}i1*
" " ~~ IA 180.1
4M 18.99
89.61
~)i
~il ~ 2, ?!' ,.,
"
~1~}iI* 49.7 14.62
~~ IA 141.6 ?i' ~Ii ~ 2,' I?,~ 171t
17 '
41.4.
~I~ )il* 161 ~ 61S 16.24
" 147.8 43.36 ~i' ~Ii 2 ~ 1~.~ ,.,
I
,.
f!,,~}il~ 121~
"
62.1 18.18
1 106.4 46.00
~)i
~!i , , ?!' 17j\
17
618 UI~
".. 1 "" '\1 64.7 18..98
168.2 48.00 ?i' ~!\
~i'
2, 2; ~!' ".
~Ii
618 )iIU 161 U .72 19.68 2,' ~ l~.K 'OU
".. 1 " 1 170.0 . 0.00 BO
6 18}iIU
".. 1
18 i~ 69S 20A8
" 1 176.8 602.00 ~i' ~Ii 2,' 2; 1~J(
~~t
Z"~Ult 1h y 80.8 28.78
" 176.8 02.00
?U
~~ ~ 2; ~!' 20
BOi\
'-+14-'
... ,. , . WI!_1.
.... . Ii.- U.
~
--1---
~ ~
.
Iado_ 10<_ la- laLl I.... I.... J*"-. I.... I.... I_I 1...1
- - 1 - - - - -1- - - - -
3 ~ 2 }i I)-{ 6.)( 10.3 3.3 3U 12.110 8.)( 10.3 U 7U 18.8
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.
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For detail dimensions lee !)Q,e 204.
CAMBRIA STEEL.
san LOADS IN THOUSANDS O' POUNDS FOR
LATTICED CIW<NI:L COLUMNS.
SQUARE ENDS.
Dued on Oordon, Formula P - --Tl~)o aatetr factor f..
J+J6000 ..
IT .....
...
,.
Len,rth In Feet.
....... .....
'1'
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28.1 ~
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SIZE OF LATTICE BARS TO BE USED WITH
LATTICED CHANNEL COLUMNS.
"t
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It ID4 of .....
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"'or detall dlmenslonil lee pa~ 206.
CAMB RiA STEEL. 247
J+~OOO to
~ - 8~- -+l
SERIES A . IT
..... ... Tric~1
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,
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,. 1. 16 18 2. 22 2. ""- u..,...ltol
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For ddail d i ~ _ ~ 2011.
248 CAMBRIA STEEL.
WeigM
of oaoh
Channel
IIThickness W~1ht
of
SERIES A.
!rea Least
of Column Radius of
Plates. Column. Seelion. Gyration.
Length in Feet.
- - - - -- - - -
Lbs. per lool Inch. Lbs.perll Sq. Ius. Inches. 4 6 8 10
--------- --- --- --- ---
~ 34.8 10.20 2.63 126 125 123 121
....
9',:5
h
VB
38.6
42.5
11.32
12.45
2.63
2.62
140
154
139
152
137
150
134
147
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46.3 13.58 2.62 168 166 163 160
... ti
50.1
53.9
57.8
14.70
15.82
16.95
2.62
2.62
2.62
182
196
210
180
194
207
177
190
204
174
187
200
.....
56.3 16.56 2.51 195
~
205 202 199
60.1 17.68 2.52 219 216 212 208
h 63.9 18.80 2.52 233 230 226 221
VB 67.8 19.93 2.53 247 244 239 234
.. VB
~
62.5 18.37 2.40 227 224 220 214
..
66.3 19.50 2.41 241 238 234 228
70.1 20.62 2.42 255 251 247 242
~
73.9 21.74 2.43 269 265 260 255
77.8 22.87 2. 283 279 274 268
SERlE S A.
Length in Feet.
IT Thickness Weight
of of ...h
PI,les. Oh&Jlllel.
------
12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 Ineh. Lbs.perJ't.
- -- -- - - -- -- -- -- - --- ---
ll8 ll5 III 108 104 99 96 92 U 9 ',:5
~
130 127 123 ll9 ll5 llO 106 102
143 140 135 131 126 121 ll6 ll2 "
"
~
132 127 122
....
156 153 148 143 138
169 165 160 154 149
161
143 137 132
142
"
182 178 172 166 154 148
195 190 184 178 172 165 158 152 %
126 122 llB ll 3 108 103 U 12..~5
134
147
130
143 139 134 129
140
124
135
ll8
129
113
123
-h
%
...
160
173
156
168
181
151
163
176
146
158
169
152
163
145
156
139
150
133
144 ~ ....
186
199
212
194
207
188
. 200
181
193
174
185
167
178
161
171
154
164
/r
%
..
151 146 142 136 131 126 120 ll5 U 14;-.75
164
177
159
171
154
166
148
160
142
154
136
147
131
141
125
135
-h
%
....
190
202
215
229
184
196
209
222
178
191
203
215
171
184
196
207
165
177
188
199
158
170
180
191
151
162
173
183
144
155
165
175
~
/r
%
.....
166 161 156 150 143 137 131 126 U 1~.~5
180 174
187
168
181
162
174
155
166
148
159
142
153
135
146
-h
%
....
193
206
218
199
212
193
205
186
197
178
190
171
182
163
173
155
165 ~ ....
231
245
224
238
217
229
209
220
201
212
192
203
184
194
176
186
/r
%
.
170 164 157 150 143 136 U 19..,75
183
196
177
18n 183 175 168 161 153 146 -h ....
209
222
234
248
202
215
227
240
195
208
220
231
187
199
2ll
223
180
191
202
214
172
183
194
204
164
174
185
195
157
166
177
186
%
i.
~
..
261 253 243 235 225 216 207 196 % "
For detail dimensions see page 206.
...
SAFE LOADS IN THOUSANDS
CAMBBIA STEEL.
or POUNDS POR
....
8" CHANNEL AND PLATE COLUMNS.
SQUARE ENDS .
IT SERIES A.
.
"'"
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CAMBRIA STEEL. 251
SERIES A.
Length in Feet.
II Thiokness
of
Weight of
eaoh
Plate,. Chann,l.
1<--'1"::'1 "''''''"
SERIES A.
"'*-
- 11.""1
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"'
3.12
dimeru.io~ _ ~ 206.
CAMBRIA STEEL.
'"
SU E LOADS IN THOUSANDS OF POUNDS FOR
9" CHANNEL AND PLATE COLUMNS.
SQUARE ENDS.
"'''''"
SERIES A. IT...
Llqth In Feet.
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2" CAM BR I A. STEEL.
n
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SERIES' B.
Length in Feet.
II Thick- Weight
ness of of e..h
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22 Inch. Lb,.per Ft.
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142
159
138
156
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152
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208 203 199 193 187 183 178 173 168 162 ft
224 219 214 209 203 198 : 193 186 181 175 ~
241
257
236
251
230
246
224
239
218
233
213
226
206
220
200
213
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207
188
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184
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179
197
175
191
170
187
165
181
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176
155
170
150
165
145
160
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257 251 245 239 233 226 220 213 207 200 -h
274 267 261 254 247 241 233 - 227 219 213 %
186 181 176 171 166 161 155 _ 150 145 140 J4 1~?5
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239 233 228 222 216 210 203 198 191 186 ft
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257
272
289
250
267
283
245
260
276
238
254
269
231
247
262
226
240
254
219
233
247
213
226
239
206
219
232
200
212
224
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201
219
237
196
214
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208
225
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178
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206
167
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200
161
178
193
156
172
187
150
165
180
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272
248
265
243
260
236
252
229
246
223
239
216
231
209
225
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218
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305
282
298
276
291
268
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239
253
231
244
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54.1 15.90 4.10 197 196 194 192 190 187 184 181
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234 231 228
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225
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222
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218
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" ~ 70.7 20.78 4.02 257 256 253 251 248 244 240 236
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263
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259
278
255
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n 57.6
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221 218
197
215
193
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" 74.2 270 268 266 263 260 256 252 248
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299 295
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n 67.6 19.88 3.87 246 244 242 239 236 233 228 224
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" 272 268 263
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78.7 23.14 3.98 286 285 282 279 276
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" 89.7 26.39 3.95 327 325 322 318 314 309 304 299
" % 95.2 28.01 3.94 347 345 342 338 333 328 323 317
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" 94.2 27.70 3.92 343 341 337 333 329 324 319 314
" 348 343 332
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For deta.ll ~ lee
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7. CAMBRIA S T EEL .
,..,
7 ...
"..
U .
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81.2
...........
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107.4
11
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120.1
131.$
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13 131.2
1+1.2
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169.4
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170.4
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m .'
1. 213.5
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'76 CAMBRIA STEEL .
.- -. -
Ultimate Stnncth tntJ..Du.t.e Stnnttb
. ....
L in l~. per Iq. bl. L In IN. per Iq. 10.
- --
..... ""' ...... ...,..
.
..
1.0 67800 70487 2.5 37647 43396
1.1 65692 '.6
12
1.3
63.\32
"34<)
68770
66""
65142
2.7 "'"
"'''
33178
41634
''''6
38871
-
1.4 "137 63265 '.9 31817 37m
1.5 "366 3.0 36123
1.6
1.7
56940
54766 ""8
57553
3.1
3.2
"""
28137 "'"
33366
II
1.8
1., "'"
50.\31
48491 """
53792
3.3
3.'
271125
"967
""3
31249
2.0 4.6512 51954 3.5 24961 30152
445"
2.1
2.'
2.3
(2753
S0151
48391
"." ,.
3.6
3.7
24004
23093
29101
"""
27130
"'"
39277 45011 3.9
22227
21403 "'06
Safe load. fOT any liven hollow round Or hollow teCtalliular ooluml\l, <X>frC.
.pondinl to any .uitable facc.ot of safety, can be found from the above table a.s
foUOW!J>-
Find from t!l.e table tile ultimate streneth in pound. per $Quare inch oorre-
" DODdina: to theciven Y3lue of ~. Multiply thil by tbe al'Q of t!l.e column ;n
aquall: lnchco and divide the product by tll.e .afety factor whkh ",Ill,lve as a
Quotient the ~lIired .... fe load in pound
XA)oIPLI:: - eQuired the .... fe lood fora hollow rollnd cut iron colunln 16 feet
loni:. ]0 inchee e.;.terna] diameter with metal 1 inch thkll: witll 8afety factor of
elllht . The ratio 01 ~ in thlsca.oe i. o -
1.6 and the rorl'Upondina; 1I1timate
trmgth from the tab," iI M 766 t>Oun<U pn' oqua~ iroc:h.
From the tabl4l of areuof circks it is found that tl>l:= net area of the column II
28.3 fQua~ incltol. T"" weload i . Ultrefore. M 700"x 28.3 _ 193 7~ pounds
0\' IpP"OXUliately 97 net ton which II the reQuired l'Uult.
CAMBRIA STEEL. 277
EXPLANATIONS OF TABLES OF SAFE LOADS FOR BEAM BOXGIRDERS AND
PLATE GIRDERS, PAGES 278 TO 298 INCLUSIVE,
For cases in which the loads to he carried exceed the capacities of single rolled
beams or ordinary beam girders composed of two or more beams with the usual
bolts and separators, it is necessary to use built-up sections.
BEAM Box-GIRDBRS.-A useful and economical section of this kind can he com-
posed of two rolled beams with plates riveted to the t op and bottom flan ges, making
a beam box-2irder. for which tables of safe uniformly distributed loads are given
on pages 278 to 288 inclusive.
The safe loads given in the tables include the weights of the beam box-girders,
and are figured from the moment of inertia or the section modulus after making the
necessary deductions for rivet holes, the fibre stress used in the calculations being
15 ()(X) pounds per square inch of net section.
Beam box-girders are particularly useful for supporting wide walls and in other
locations up to the limits of their capacity, but they should not be placed where ex-
posed to moisture, as the section is such that access cannot be had to their interior
for inspection and painting.
PLATE GIRDRHs.-In cases where the widths of beam box-girders would prohibit
their use, and for loads g reater than their capacities, plate girders com posed of plates
and angles may be used.
Tables of safe loads uniformly distributed for plate girders from 24/1 to 48" deep
are given on pages 289 to 298 inclusive.
The loads given in the talites include the weights of the girders and are calculated
from the moment of inertia or the section modulus after making a proper deduction
for rivet holes, the fibre stress used in the calculation being 15 (X)() pounds per square
inch of net section.
Although the tables do not show the stiffenet angles for plate girders, care should
be taken that these are provided in all cases where necessary to prevent buckling of
the web due to the shearing action therein. The stiffeners should be made of angles
riveted to the web, fitted tightly between the top and Lottom flange angles, and they
should be provided, at the end of the girders, of such size and number as to be
capable of carrying the total reaction at each end to th e supports. Stiffeners should
also he provided at intervals along the girder, spaced at suitable distances apart, as
determined by the formula and explanations on pages 76 and 77.
Care should also be taken in arranging the rivet spacing for connecting the flange
angles to the web, so that sufficient rivets are provided to properly transmit the
stresses which 2.ct between these two portions of the construction. This will require
the rivets to be spaced more closely at the ends than at the center, and the exact
spacing at any point along the girder may be obtained by dividing the product of
the distance between the center lines of the rivet holes in the two flanges and the
resistance of one rivet by the total vertical shear at the given point, thus:
r h , h' h
P =SlDW lC
S = the total vertical shear, in pounds, at the point under consideration.
r = the resistance of one rivet, t. e., the bearing value or shearing value, whichever
is the smaller, expressed in pounds.
h = the depth of the girder between the upper and lower center lines of rivets,
expressed in inc:hes.
p = pitch of rivets in the flange angles, expressed in inches.
The formula above will give the theoretical rivet spacing at any point in the
flanges due to the total shear, but in practice the pitch for various portions of the
length should be stated foJ::' the least possible number of spacing panels containing
an even number of spaces, the pitch in t:ach of which should preferably be expressed
in even inches or even inches and halves or quarters of an inch, and the usual limits
of pitch will vary from 27'2"" to 6".
The rivet spacing should also conform to the rules given on page 330, and in
cases where loads are applied directly to the flanges, sufficient rivets must be pro-
vided to carry these in addition to the rivets necessary for securing the web and
flanges together as explained above.
It should also be noted that the safe loads given in the tables are based on the
assumption that the girder is supported laterally, otherwise a proper reduction in
the allowable safe load must be made, as explained in connection with beams on
pages 70 and 71.
The weights of beam box.girders and plate girders in the tables are expressed in
pounds per lineal foot, including the rivets necessary to secure the web and flanges
together, but the weights do n ot include any allowance for brackets. stiffeners, con.
nections or other details, as these will vary I subject to the conditions of each case,
." CAMDRI A. BTEEL.
,-'"' IT
with U' rivet holes In both f1auaes de-ducted, and include wciiht of ,irde .
- -
~~.;
12" Wide.
2-'~'_"'"
25 It:.. pef fool.
\+-iP,,--:
DisLance Center Thlctueu of Plate. in loche!.
to Center 01 .'or Thidt_ G,...tor than "" u.. Two Plata
..'" '""
Bet.riop in
. ... . .
Feet. I JL ~i~ _Ii -~!~ -.lL ~I~ -.lL 1
, ~~
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n
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26
t ." IllU I
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1 102.4 1 10Il.G 121.0 1 127.2 1 133';; 1 130.8
I ,.......
ModuhaL t
CotIIi..... t 01
-~.
I I
O.000XJ14S O.OOOOJll8
For safe loads below the h""llt lineo. the deflect ions wi!! be ,reater than the
aUowable limit for plastered cell np - .h aDlln.
CAllBRIA STE EL. .,.
SAFE LOADS IN THOUSANDS OF POUNDS
UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED FOR
BEAM BOX GIRDERS.
Safe loads below a", liaulWl for fibre on... of II'> 000 pOunds ptr aQua ", inch..
. II
with W riv~ h.ol~ in both fbnl"'S deductc<l. and includ~ w~ght of !tirder.
:-<7,..;
~".
U' W'ocIe.
~,n_
31.5 It.. per foot.
!+-I(ijJ'-,
DiRanoeCeo>I Thlemall of Pl&tel In Inellee.
'" Ceo>~ of Fo< ~ a.... \ef Ihau. ". U.. Two PWa
Bearinp in
,~
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no
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120,4 12U1 13U 1 138.3 1 14-1.2 1 1.50.1 1 1118.1 1 182.0
- .. I I
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CoeI!\ritttt 01
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...!eit~adt.! 13U 1131.4 I l.s.3 ! 14Q.3 1 1$5.3 1 lGU I ]67.1 1173.1 1179.0
1148.6 11M.! 1 15U ! m.7 1181.4 1 1110.2 1 111\),0 I 207.81 21U
Ms:.
. IT
with UO rivet holes in both tlan~ dedllcted. and inclllde weiah! of airder.
:-0-1";';
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>-.. , .....
4311& per fool..
... jO~/_ ~
DiItaace Cmt. Thickll." of Plate, in illch e .
I<> Cfllter of For ~ Grtr.ter tba.o. ,,"1.1_
Ttro Plot...
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CoeIIi.ieat of ,-~
I I O.QOOXlO3t4
CAMBRI A STEEL .
IT
with U" rl~ lIoIe. ln both IlaIlF'l deducted . and include wei, hl of elmer.
t"-7~~';
>-..... >-w,._
16' Wide. /10 It.. pet foo\.
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tIH.I! 306.8' a17.J>' ~:.'9.3: 3-1 1.11 3.';."1.: MU ! 378.8
To.~ To~
2.\1.4
OAMBRIA ST E EL. 288.
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Dist ....... Ceater Thld<nua or I' lates In Inchel.
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For 'I1llct.- G..,.ter !.baa ~. u. TW<> Plat...
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FcotlJl P(OoIII(!e,. 1~.a1 1m..21201l.o121ul m.s122U "'-' 2;!3.11249.812M.'126H
""'" 1340.313$$.81371.21ssul.aul417..51I.o1U8.81466.214794
Modu",," 49504
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1 O.OOOOlClUO O.ooo:ooIM
CAMBRIA STEEL.
SAFE LOADS IN THOUSANDS OF POUNDS
UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED FOR
BEAM BOX GIRDERS.
Safe load, below a~ 6gu""" for 6b~ Itnoel of 15 000 pounds per !lQua~ In.ch ,
wltb W rivet holeo in both f1anaes deducted, aDd include weia;ht of &irdM.
~ ll . --
W Wide.
, 11'4
M It.. (ItO" foot
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1m.8 0&28.715.71 f(r.l.71 47'11.714D5.7ISI3.81MI.2IMS.IIU/i.3ll18:!.5
O.ooxJOOI68 [ O.ooxJOOI47 [ 0.00000013\ 1O.OOOOOOtl 9
CAMBRIA STEEL .
~n-'-
W Wide.
to'. lI~"l
80 n.. P<I' fool..
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I
~~ O~14~ I O.QOOCOOI33 I O.(lOO)XlIlQ I O.OOOOOlllO
CAMBRIA STEEL. 287
f"<9J.2i~
Distance Center
to Center of
Bearings in
2-Plates
IS" Wide.
II ~l,.3J.2~-~
2-24" I-Beams
80 1he. per foot.
Coefficient of
Deflection.
I 0.0000000983
1
0.0000000870
I 0.0000000778 10.0000000713
CAMBRIA STEEL .
DidaDoo c....tc.
''''''''
18" Wide.
to CffI\f:J' fIl
s-iopin
II 12"",'
2-:U' I_Boomo
1 In ~ In ~ In ~
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Non:. Wben Flanre p1atel an: thlcW than n w, ute two plates.
CAMBRIA STEEL.
SAFE UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOADS FOR
PLATE GIRDERS IN THOUSANDS or
POUNDS.
Tile Ale Ioold. below Include tile ,,-el&ht of the Ilrder and a .... calculated
for .. fib .... . u_ of 15 000 pound~ per "'lila.... inch on the net _lion. The
net _tlon i. Obtained by deductl", holes /i&u..."J at one inch In diameter
(for Ji' .iveu) 'rom both tlall&es.
II
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II
T he .. r~ load. bel""" Include the wdllht of the girder and a~ calculated rOT
a fibre .tre. of 15000 pounds per OQW!.1'Il inch on tbe net OCCtioll . The net
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riveu) from both tla~
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CAMBRIA STEEL.
SAFE UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOADS FOR
PLATE GIRDERS IN THOUSANDS OF
POUNDS.
The oafe ]ood. bf,1ow Indud~ the w~4Iht of the ~ird~r and a", ca]~ulattO
I". a Ilb", Itre. "f 15000 \>ound. per tq ua", In~1t on llt ~ n~ t IeCtl<>n. The
nU ..,.,tion i. obtaintO by dtOu~llnK hol fiaurt(\ at one in~h In diameter
(lor ]t' riven) lrom bolh flan"",.
--
II
Web I"'te 48" X W
Web Plate 48" X W
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Foot in I IIUI 128.tI 144.~I&8.~17Z.el200.l) 212.o122UI2:J.5S):un!~t.G
2'0 CAMBRIA STEEL.
I
ion ;' obtaloe<l by deductl"ll 1>01.,. lii;uml at one Inch in diameter (for ~~
rivga) from both t\a.~ .
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Web Plate 60" X Ya"
Web Plate 60" X Ya"
Flange Angles 6" X 4" X ~"
Flange Angles 6" X 4"
Flange Plates 14"
45 127 153 177 201 223 239 258 277 297 316 335
46 125 149 173 196 218 234 253 271 290 309 328
47 122 146 170 192 214 229 247 266 284 303 321
48 120 143 166 188 209 224 242 260 278 296 314
49 117 140 163 184 205 220 237 255 273 290 308
50 115 138 160 181 201 215 233 250 267 285 302
51 112 135 156 177 197 211 228 245 262 279 296
52 110 132 153 174 193 207 224 240 257 274 290
53 108 130 150 171 190 203 219 236 252 268 285
54 106 127 148 167 186 200 215 231 217 263 280
55 104 125 145 164 183 196 211 227 243 259 274
56 102 123 142 161 179 192 208 223 238 254 270
57 101 121 140 159 176 189 204 219 234 250 265
58 99 119 138 156 173 185 200 215 230 245 260
59 97 117 135 153 170 . 182 197 212 226 241 256
60 96 115 133 151 167 179 194 208 223 237 252
61 94 113 131 148 165 176 191 205 219 233 247
62 92 III 129 146 162 173 187 201 215 229 243
63 91 109 127 143 159 171 185 198 212 226 240
64 90 107 125 141 157 168 182 195 209 222 236
65 88 106 123 139 155 165 179 191 205 220 232
66 87 104 121 137 152 163 176 189 202 216 229
67 86 103 119 135 150 160 173 186 199 213 225
68 84 101 117 133 148 158 171 184 196 210 222
69 83 100 116 131 146 156 168 181 194 207 219
70 82 98 114 129 143 154 166 178 191 204 216
Weight per
Foot in \ 128.6\ 144.2\ 159.4 \ 173.8\ 188.21 215.4 \ 227.3 \ 239.2 \ 251.1 \ 263.0 \ 274.9
Pounds.
f
I S CAMliRIA. STEEL .
I
for II. libll! It <ea of I~OOO pound. Il'"r ~ua", Inch on tile net _lion. The
net """lion i. "btain...:! by deducti"", et fiJ;ur<:d at one Incb In diameter
(for >i" ri~U) ftOm both flanK ....
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,
OAKBRIA STEEL.
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ill II
14 -K(d-a).. - n
300 CAMBRIA 8TEEL.
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Lh. Load. tor J'loon In DllI, nnt m .... u of Bulldtn~ , i!:zduah. of
the Weight of the M a terial, of COD.ltruc on .
.
(Blld.ll4 to lIU.) Pound. per 8quuI Poot.
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tal Wh~"" _~ are fi~ed; (b) Publk rooml e:.~irlll 500 ~ ft . area:
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(e) iUn,b1r rooms; (d) OttuDied by Ie- t Mn 25 1l"rw:mlI; (~ SI~pinl
;>ttQmmQdauo", Ipr 20 Or IDO'" IM'nolUl; (0 Finot 1100.-11010:18, Te""m~nu
and Lod!li";;f Hou_: (&) Room. and &pacet for public oat or common u.e of
tenant.o: (h TeMment Hou_ and 11I.lels.
CAMBRIA STEEL. '0'
EXTRACTS PROM THE BtrlLDINO LAWS OP VARIOUS CITIES .
Lin t.oada for Ploors In DUI..rent CI ....... of BuUdlnt'l, EIclul1n of
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10 IIArJO<d(O .
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to. A,.dcot(e) -- ....... ..... --- - --
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Rocbolltt .. i$ooo'
"'" -- ..
St. Lou"(I) . .. -ili'OO:l --- ili"ciOO -- -- --- ... ':i<Ki:l ---
,,..
07 San F....ioco ..
'"
(al Annealed; (b) Not annt'alM ; (,' Mild Steoel; (d) Medium S~l ; (,)
CAMBRIA STEEL. 303
Determined by the best modern practice; (f) Building Laws being revised. 1913.
304 CAMBRIA STEEL.
Compreuion.
CIIT'
..... .-
... ...
.~
1 AtlaDt& .
2 Daltilaoro
18 000
18000
18000
18000 .... "" .. "
""" ........ ........
~
~ ""
..
3 - 18000 18000 12000
" "
..
4 Bull....
6 Cha,o. 1400(){a) 14000(0) 10000(0) 10000(0) (~"""O
~OOO(o'
"
., .,
6 Cillci ...... ti ... 18000 18000 12000 ~
7 C~(1) ..
8 0...-<1). ...
....,.
'"" ii"ooo1ieoo.;
J.~City ... 'i~ooo
... 'i~'cOO'
1 .
20000 iGoo.;'
lAo .... m
1""'...iIIe ...
" " " "i1l000 ... : isoo:; ... "ii;KI
~
.... ....
Iohlnuket{l) .
Mi ..-polio .
.S N.wark,N.J. "" "" " 00" "
.. .. I:: ..
1
>7 NewU._ .
S New 0r\faDI.. "" "
',"00
00 . .
"""
"
New y...t ....
20 Pbib<lolpbi..... {14 500(.) " " " 1("'"'0
H6ro
00" {IHOOIO
lB2,5O(d) I 22000(0) 18000(1)
"
,.
~(j) .
.... iGKI is'cOO'
..,..... .
, I~ooo
..
23 1"roTi<Imc-eij) i5'000 ..
R.oc:hetIeo- . , ieKI ttl"iiKi .
..
28 s..ltle...... 18000 18000 12000 10000(0)
... .
" _' ,(10 .........) 16000(b)
29 SyrKUIO IBooo ( 18000{t) I "1 18~ ZOOOO
80 W.... i,.,OII .. 18000
81 W_UJ ~~.~ r.~. IGooo zoooo "
--'--
(a) BaIOed on I""'" OKlion; (b) BalOed on valoeo liY~n by .tandaTd .Ittl
manufacto",r'. handbook; (el Mild l\.eel; (d) Mffiium Iittl; (e) Annealed;
F~ld riveu dri~en by hand;
(f) Field riyetl; (a:) Not annealed; (h)
CAMB R IA STEEL, 306
Sbear,
*, ,.
...,.. ... .... .-.... ....,...
W...,kl ! .....
......,..
'"""
,,
"1
li,,,,"
..t!'iDL .-
,...
...... ....
,,
' 0' tt::.
.... .... ,,.... ,,,,.... ,.. ,,,,.... "'" ,,..
......
, '"00
"00
'000
"00
, ,
.. .,..
.. .. ,"'".. ,.. ,.. ,.. ,.. ,,.... '000 .........
....
10 oo:l(r,) . 12000 .... ...... .. ..... "">Ii)
6
"".. ",..
'7'COO' '"" 'i'ooo . .6
,.. ,..
" ,' 000 , -ji500' .~:~:::
07
18
'7'000
,.. ,.. ...
{ 8 750(~) U. . 20
10000(d)
'"'" ' 000
..
"liooo 'Y(iooo' "8000 ' 7'iiiJ' '8'000
...
"
... . 3ti
,..
"liooo . '10000' "8000 24
,,..
'liooo 26
27
",..
10000(.0)
10000
IOOOO.l
h~=l
.. .
7000
, .. ,..
..... ......
............... .. ..... . ......
( I) S....,bUl; (j) aa-Ion belt moden. p....,tlce ; (t) ~r dri~lI: (l) Bulld-
Inl[ La~ !>d ol[ revlooed, 10 13; (1) Shop r iveUl.
306 CA.1IlBRlA STEEL.
... ....
..
- -
c:olum....
,- >-
-:--1>- ....... >-
,~ .
1 AlWot& .. (A) 120 R (B) 70 RI (C)
2 BoIlimon. S.r. .... 1.;)n'(<OOR-IOOOO
l20R ,>'.
.
Medin", (0 ) OIlR
(II) 120 R (B) 70 R CI)
3 '_ <110 1(-12000 ' AD{Rou..d(N l - D l<IIOR-.8OO
4 a~fI"alo > " U) .... ReetaQlIlIor (N)"'" >.. (K) ''0
"- 1 '0'
14 000-. I20R
ltoud m '
(Q) (P,
70R 10000-.
l
I
6 ~ti 1<70 R-Il000 I/JOR ~(8) I/JOR
t>
M
.., . ....,-
IUOO-M~
..
(G)~OOO
....
(AI (M)
(81 1I1OO-20~
nil
1+ I 000 R2
- .., (N<
.. ..,
1+ 100 I)OI
Ie) II
(E )
. ....,
000-80~
'"
I +!OOOORI
n ..
.., -
1+ &:.0 0 1
(0) 18 000 - 70 ~
W, ......,-
1+ 13500 R2
I +'J$OORI
Ul
1+ 20 000 1(2
17 100-57 ~
(IC) 10 100-10 ~
(1') 1 3 000 -eo ~
(0) 10 ooo - eo ;
... .. ,.... -
Columna.
.
1-
- --
- ,......
Cil,.
" , . .01&. ~
"t!"
,
"t!"
18 .n ......
17 Sew u.._
18 N... York.
12600(0)
fA'HI
{.~ ~ 1313O(d
t :tOR ..
,w.
, ''I
..,
~ D
ro.
10cm(.) {~D
~
, ~,
. i 20R
-
.0 Philadelphia II{ Mediu,,""'
Ioh ld Steel (X) ,
91
~~
., ..... fA)
(V)
i1(lR . '"''I ~D
roR
' !A)
ici" "
'W R
.iiillt
.. ' ..
24 ftotMoW. _ fA) J UOR " (Iii' ro ', (Ci "
, ~,
c
80 ....-.. 1'A1
,~,
1m.
. ....
"".... ..... '"'"
(DB)
,'I 70 R '(C)
... . ,>0,
. ........
81 IW..-{d). '"
(B8) tooo-40 ~
(T) - -",
10000 IX, " ...
1 + 800 1)1 '"
1+ IS600RI (eC) 17 ooo- u ~
(DO) 15000 - 00 ~
(0) - JO
-",000 (V)
"""'"
(V)
1+ ' -400 R'
---.!!...m
1+ 40001 '"
(z'
1+ I1OOORI
1
11870
+ '"
400 1)1
(EE)~-
(FF)
...'"
1+ 800 o '
-
1+ 1 011701
",
(e) Coeffidenu f(lf u... wltb Gonlon. Formula. Bated on best mod~f1l
,,,,,,,-, (d lI ulldi(lI ..... _ brinl ",viled. 1913.
'"
308 OAMBRIA STEEL.
'2O(b)
{ In (e)
"
J!t'l'"
1 I
12 Lo.A-,,",.
13ILouisv;lle. "
,~
""
'" 111
125
111
III
13G
140
'"
'n
"
14 Mil.......,et ..
'"
,~
1 r
125 II I '"
140
,~
'n
'" "
.. 125 11L itO
m._! : I '"
m
...
..
'" "'I
,~
".
125
80
III
no
]40
'" "
(al FouBdallons; (b) Courw:<l; (elOrdinary; (d) Machine-mind; (e) Hand-
mind; {fl I :2J.i :5; (I) Portland Cement Mortar; (hJ I : 3 ;5; ~i) IiOO "'hell:
heicht;' 12 dia,neu, .. ; 300 for t; diametc .. or under; lntcrm~jate heillhu.
imcnnffllate vaJu,,"; (j) Baoed on t-t m~m practice: (k) I : 3 : 6.
CAMBRIA STEEL. '0'
.....
'"
"" '"
.
.
"'Ipi'i'i
,
,~
""
'"
"" '",'". ..""
'"
""
810 CAlII..BRlA 8TEEL.
arrB"CT8 I'BOM Till: BUlLDllfO LAWS or VAJUOtJl ClTlBa ,
Allo.u.ble Unit Stn.... lor M-..o....,., Ittc.
(... ~1aed to Itll .) Pound. per 8Qu.... IDeb .
:b1Z,me rib 8tt... {B.ndt .... ).
.- ,... ".
":...wIok ,__
. ..
City.
u--. IWo.
, .
Gnai...
, , ...... ,,m.
1 "1IaA~
.
,~
6 C;"., .....1i
, "
.. 'j&' ... r ' i:io
,,,..... .
11 Jcnry CII), ,
,.
19 Net!' YCIrit
aa
29
iIc.. Paul
s~ ... i:io
.. I "".
, ,.....
.....
3
BaIt.......
4 8 ..11010 3',
C~ I ~2
,-, l~' 2', 1',-2
6 Ciw;ilUlat;
9 DoetnIit , ,,
{ ~'J
11 JoneyCil),
'"
12 LooA-w
13 LouirTitle
1~ Mi_poI.
'4 1(.)
,, ", 4"
, , " I '"
16 S.nrt, N J
"<, "
17 No. llano
19 New Yorit
20 ~ ,~
'"
IiIl PiIIlbarP
0<,
i~; '4, ,
gg PonIud, Ore.
23 ~ H ... 10(0) ZS-6O(b) . 10-16 {d)
SW !Roch_ I ID(.)
.. ....
I
.. .. ... ....
..
... .. .. ''' io'' ,
.. . .. ..
" .. .. .. .. 20" "
(D)
(D,
-
(-w
. "1211 .
, .. ....
.. ...... 12
r
" ail ' 20 . , 13
H
H
W
00 "" r'D, i2 '
W
,- ~
lZ 16
.H , " .. "(0) " ""... .... 19
D, 12
12
16
17
H ~
,
.. ..
io"
" ~
~
" I .. ... 120
....
00
21
12
(D,
.. ".... .. " .. ....
12 22
...
" , .. " r" I 12 23
_
24
..... .......
,
(
e
e
.
...... ,..
12
10
12
10
" I
(D,
(D,
(D)"' (8)
I
20
(D) , IO- ll
"
"
8,
- . { : (D)
I
{ 8{ .. )2812 1
12 29
12
12
24
26 '
-11)Colllmon; (j) Medln a;-(k) 1 ,3, Il ",iltt u", ; (J) I : 2)i :.5 mL1.lu",;
Ill) unath ... > 20 ft. ; (n ) Capvi!tll. on tov of head . ; {oj In d ear b<:twttn
;lWH ~WII
oUes: (D) For Drop Hammer. P + l (S) For Steam Hammer, P+,\,
where W ... Weicht of hammer in TOn! ; II _ Hdll M of drop In Jo'eet, P ...
Penetration of talt blow (o r everast of ta, t levuaJ blow.) In l nchea.
... CAMBRIA STEEL.
CompnutoD.
..,. ...
.- .- .-
Ttliow tiD" 'nill PiM
..... .....
..... .... .....
..
yo.
......
- .. .. .. ..'" ..'"
"'i~ 'l'illl
....
. .... .."" ,.. I ..
Ad..",
..., ..'"",'
3 ..... 810<e)
4 .......
,"'- {II(X1(t dl ""
""''' ,"",'
..
6 IClwmMti ._
? CIenIud(q)
J:.-r C,ty . ,
,
..
I~)
I ....,
12 r... ~.), .. "800
13 t....;,.-,. . ."
'" ..''''''
,..,'"' ............ .. .. .. '" ..
NewvIr. N. J.
17 s.. n.....
"00
'''''
l8 N~""-
N" 1'ort , 1""'''
::J'" ."
'"
.. ,..
.... .. .. .
-
, ~b~: "iJO{i)
""....
'001)'
I\'Mh.iIe;IOlI
."
."
II
Im l I
."
81 W-ca).
(a) 8aIIfd on ben mod~m prac~: (b) Ar:;.II!:t.1Io to North Caroli .... Pine;
~110 for NO ..... J..,Pi...,;(d) Allo for &\Q Fi.; (~) \Vhit.e Oak; (f)
ftC; {frl Lou ; (b) Abo lor Wuhh,.ton or Ooqan Fi.; (I) DouclU
or Yelleni' F .only.
CAMBRIA. STEEL.
-
Comp.....lon .
......
Till 1...... "ilk , ...... Titlo ,...... Titlo _
..
Grail. Grail G..i.. G..1l. G<aia. GnlD. Gn.lL Grala.
::b)'k) ""
~)(k) "" "" ~
'" ""
1., ...
4
10" <I
.. ""
,.. 500 500 500 1(0)
8
......... 10
11
...."'"
{i iOOcoi . {~oi" 1000(0)
7G(1(a)
~p)
$Xl
VOIl
SOO
200
500......... .... .
. 800 iOOJ l~
1100(111) 2-fO(..) 14
UI
..
1200 1(0) GOO 500 500 1(0) 16
"" ....... ........ . ...... 17
....'"
800 400
400
200
300
400
1200
IIlOO(i)
1000<;)
iOO)
300(;)
400(.)
500
. . . . . . 1. . '. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.10(;)
.. :..
6OOii:m ~:
c .
... '"
1 Atlu'- ,....
a
1200
,....
... ... -... ... "....
""". ,,..
, ..... ,'-.;
,..,
''''' ""
I
... ...
....
..t.
6 ~_ .... , ,
7 CIeftIaDII(-l . '''''
..
8 o.TWf~ .
1'roO" 1 .7r.O 'OOO{d)
g t.:eI.=.: :~e)
.., IlOD ;~
13 Lw..illt ...
14 )liI.....ue .. .
1200 ""
n=m{''''''
iiOOj'i
1280
' \000 ::(d) ;0;
2180
: 1l 000p)
1& 1tI'-PoIiL .. IlJ2O(tJ
.... ..,
10EI0(b) lUI) . 10Il0
16 No:wart. N. J .. ISIlO
17 N_ H....a .. 11100 1080 1*
"oo
"'"
I""
...
too 100
..
28 ~k) ..
rm"
-
24 Roe~ _. 1200 800 ,.., .1 Il00"" "m'
1. . . . h'ii'il
26 8t. LoWo(~) , ......... "
; ~~..~ ....~ ..
27 s..rr...;.." . 1 )
..,
,., ,., '''''
28 Soaw.. ....... I
''''' ,,,. ...
:'1:
1400(1) .
fcl
29 s,-- . ....
80 w........... 1200 ,.... ,,,.
31 " " _ ( 1) .... .
Cal AIIOO for Walhl ... toll a nd ~ Fir; (b) ...110 for Norway Pi".,; (e)
~n I>;"" only; (d) While Oak ; (e) Norway P ine only; (f) AI.:> for Vlrcloill
PI",,; W Aho for North Carolina PII.e; (h) Douala , Orqoro Vdlow Flronly;
(I) Wub!Dato ...... Red Plroalr. OJ Redwood only; ( t) DIad OIl btu modena
pr.o;tb;
CA._BElA STEEL. .,.
EXTRACTS FROM THE BunnING UWS OF
VAlUOUS CITUS.
&l.I.OW'HLJ: lnflT .TU poa TDDlU.
(atNed to IllS.) Pound.o P'lr .Qu.... Incb .
....
,.... .- .. T,n.olon .
...
"'. ~... ,,,.,..
,,. ....., ,.. .......
11100(1)
""-
,... ,..., 1
8
I
, ... s7
,..
I
... ... "" ..
..............
1 10
11
........... .. . 12
,".
1200 ioo)" ... 13
..
100(.,
, ...""'" ...
(1000(1)
,'m:' !Kl(I{1II){b) 12OO(d) 1.
'''' '0
1000 .
1 .121
.. 28
(1) Lollpeat ; (III) AJ.o lOt Dou&lal ~'Ir ; (II) AJ.o for Chatnul; (0) Cypne-
only; (p) Cypne- oDd cma.r only ; (q) A .... foc- Cedar; (r) AJ.o Cyp.--;
(I) ShottlsI"; (I) Wntem He-mJook; (II) Bulldln& la.. btl.... ",vioed, 1913.
r 1_'_'_6_______________C_A_"__D_R__'A___B_T_E__E_L_.________________-1 \
EXTRACTS FROM THE BUILDING LAWS OF
VARIOUS CI TIES.
~OWABLB UNIT 8TRBSSI!I:S rOil TIMBER .
(JI,eriaed to 1913.) Pouwb per SQu .... Inch.
Sh.....
kl .-
follow I'iIIO. Dill tiu.
"""
-
tily.
--
, Atlanta
1I'ili
Pi..... tibrt.
w,.
..~ l'ib ... ,... 1"";-
Willi
" ..".
2
Baltimon.
Boaoa .... '"
100(1)
100(1)
'"
"""
500(1)
" '" "" ""
~
till
.,'" "" .,"
"
Bl1IfrJo(.) .. ..........
Chieaco . :::I{:~?;~ ': "i"
,.
6 Ci""inDIoti ,
7 CIoftl&Dd(Q)
Den_(q),
. 70 500
" "" .. I "M
' so
""
.....
1
:.:
8 Detroit ... _ 100(1)
Hanl'ord(q) .. . . 1. ... ..........
H J:7 City ".
::::: .../f.. "
,.,.'"'" I:..r.(el: . e~")(')
Milnuk... OOX1 {'2O{1I)
"" "
125
'"
' 12!.O(1))
m
Min ....poIio(. )
I) ' 00
'"' '"
,.,.
" N.nrk, N.J. .
>7 New liIvaI(e) .
New Orleue . { Mi.)"
'" ,. '"' ., "
.., """ I
"" "
,~
I,'"...
'()(I)
N... y"""
'""
...... J ..... "
'" ""
2. l'IIiladeIpbia, . 100(1) 11 25
"O. ...........""
00
Pit~h(.)
I!.OI,) 5001,)
,,. "'1
." ... 'iOOch)' . 'liOO(hi'
.,,,,
"".,
Pru1'icIt-<e)
.,
..""
2. . '50"
O. '" '"' "" .....
..,...
s\. J..o.u.(<I). . . .........
2. 8t..J>...1 ... .,
.,"
1O{j) ~j)
07 S... ~ .. lSO/,) 750(,) '00 '00
2. SNttlt ..
31
"""",.
W...iact.o".
W~.)_
L~)
{
.,' ro """
., '(me:.; .
:::0'
"
100
'"
. ........ i
..." , ,.,,,,.,
'00
.. '.
(a) Virginia Pine only: (b) White Oak, (d AI.., for Doug1a. Fir; (d) Abo
fDC" Korway Pine; (e) BaAed upo .. bt.t 'mOdern orac(l",,; (f) C y _ only;
(Ill Doua;la. o. Ytllow Fir only; (h) Red Fir only;
,
OAMBRIA STEEL. 817
...
..... ....
SHU.
....... ....."'-
,....
"illo
... .~ 'Iillo
Pibn.
'00
'00 '""" '00
"" ."
"'., ..,., ...n, ''''
''''
1
2
''''
""'00
'" ..
3
'" '00
.. "" '"
15O(i,) .
1 ~
I: .1..:::::.:
'00
"" .. '"
10
11
"
~) lOOJ(b) "",., 100(0)
13
I.
'"
..
. 20
... ~~
iil(ij
'00 ' 00
"" . ,,, 150 24
2'
'00
12&00
:: .... 1..
...
l00(I0)
=
'00
1000i)
'00 ""
100
..
26
2?
28
. 30
. 31
"I Redwood only; U) AI.. for Wullm.ton Fir; (1<) Alto for Vlrsinia Pioe:
(1 LonrJleef: (I ) SbortiHLf; (m) Cedar only; (n) N"o,..,."y Pi"" onl}; (0)
Abo for CYPI'HS; (P) W""tem Uemlock; (q) BnlkUn, I..... beina "",Wed.
1913. (r) Do not I~ify.
... CAK:BRIA STEEL.
-
Colwnna.
-- ...,-
! Cill
I "-
1-,
~~ \ nIL. Hao,
,IM
...
00L
--
.- -
I 0::" I '-'- 't'!'
---
<-I AIIo for Norway PI""i (b) White PIMOnly; (e) Hemlock on1r; (d) White
Pi ....."" S()I1ICeooly; {d AIfO forWNIIln.lw,..u>d ~n ~'lr: (f) ~oftly:
(a) ()oqon Pine olliy; (b) White Pine aDd Vi~nia I>; ... 0Al)'; (I) AIoo Doualu
(El C - 125
L IH)
L
too - ~ 0
120
(A) l 000-18 ~ (F ) 1000- 106 (I )1IOO- 1 7~
(8) IiO:) - U~ (G) 700- 7
L
0
U)
L
125 ' 0
CAMBRIA STEEL.
Columns.
Cilr
"""~I..r
Tollo..
WIl", Pi..,
1 .......yPiu
PiAt. .... spn....
1 8 NewOrJ..m(n) 'j'
19 New York ... .. (0) (I) 'r~' ~) l~ '(B;r ~'u
I'
=~.)
(P)
~~;
'" (P) (P)
25 SL Lwie(rn)
"'j (8) 'i> I~ ~) I '~ (8)1
Fir, CYPreM and C...:lar; (j) For Norway Pine. SpruCf: and Easttm Fir onl)' ;
(t) SllortJ .... f: 150 _ 900): (I) Bated on best mooern_,>r""ctiCf:: (m) Bu;ld.
InK La ws beinK ",vio...:l, 1913: (n) no..l nOl l pecify; (0) Shonleaf .
L L
(M ) C ( l - 8OD) (P) C ( I -700) (T)C (I _ L )
~D
EXTII. ... CTS PROM THB BUILDING U.W8 or V.... IOllS CITIES.
.ilo ..ablo Unit Streuea lor B.elnlorced CODent&.
(IIAtrlaed to nil.) Pound. per SqulU'. Inch.
"'" I
Ih_1 't - SIMu.
Iod.Ili c..,nujllll. 1
... ~= 11m-- t __ , ..,
SlMiIt 1Iim1. ribno lIoopM
:. 10M;"; Col
1 "- ',,,.
-- .-.-
2 IWtimore..
.. -.-: ~
\,2:4
13- 600 . 8lXI
" ..
1& ,WO(b) 600
"" "" , . ,I
~
Ii:
3 IbIM I : 5{b)
4 Bull'w, 1:2:5 "i50'"
1
6 ,CIoic:aco... I:Z:( '00
6 Cioci .... ti
7 C"Ieoebnd .
1;2:4
\: 2 : 4 :: 1= """" ~ ..)(~I;;
9 Dettoil ....
11 J....,- City . "
HI 100 AJI#IN . .
' ldJH~!tl " ". '" 1,.",
I : 2:. 18 3SO 1 ...
600
10
)
(.\
40
50
16 N-'t, N. J.
1 ,2:4
1:2:(
m 15
800dd
150 (b)
(\.)Q
~
II::';
$.10 (1)
~dJ:
to hlI
50
010
f~l~l
40
17 New II....... 1 :2:4 12 600 MO Ul,lO(i)1 50 ... 50
18 NewOrIcno
,
:..... ,.. : 15 600(.) GSO(. J ' ...... :g(')._ 50
19 {'_ 'iork 15 .100 I IIW m I !!.OID) . 80
20 Pbil&:lelphio. 1:2:4 ( (1
30~501" (""'1 1
600(')'1Il00(')
12 .
I U~)
Ihl300'JI400(OICOO(fI) 60(1
I 15(.,
.... : '( Ute)
I ",.,
fQ{.)
I:<V
I..... .
4(l( .. )
1
30 W"'i1lClOn. I: 2: ( 15 II!~()I ~(.) .... ... 110 :;0
(b) Columns not hoopoM\; (~) Cind~r concr~~: (d) V~rt;cal bars .... ith hllOl>&:
(~, A~tual compr~n ;n concrete . urroundinll; . 'eel: (f) Floor slabs: (.)
C"d~n and IM!am,; (h) C~me",: aurep~; ti) Pure _hear; (j) Spiral rei".
lo...,.,ment; (k) Minimum area. 11"l"0<III """tion: (l) Structural """I unit. ~Il""'"
;nll co""re~: (m) l1;gl1 carbon 0,,,,,1; (n) Where th(>roughlJ' re;nf(>rc~d for
I htar; W;th(>ut ai,,,
of crack; (p) Wher~ ad~uate mechanical boud ;s
provided; (q) Oeformed bans; <r) Rock Or II"ravel concrete; (I) Slall concrete;
OAMBRIA STEEL. 321
..-,..
(Rey1aed to l'lS.) P oundJ per Squ&re Inch.
Column . Test. .
....... ........
lalio
,...... 0..- f,rt*!
,..... B&Wom 19 ,~
;...
Woctiu.,
...Ii.
Col..... "'"
'''''{.) I ...
,.., " , , ,
3
......
11OOO
l"''''
, "00
,.."
,
, hlo ..
''''' "
''''''
'''''' "
,
.., .
3
4
. ,,., .., .
]2 BI (k) 3
U::<IO)
''''''
1&000 1(JQ(XJ _. _. 10000 ;r.t I.) ~
UlOOC)(l) { ~~) 10000"
" 2J-i+ 7
l\I=~1
"
15 M(k): 3
I:(~J I . ::
1= h~~
I IlOOO 1100
U::III)
,''''' I
12O(OO{1OJ'
llKlOO
I
12 X(e) ....
....
8100(d) 1
mO(bJ I .
10000 15
""
12
.
3
3
, I11000
2 (o)
<") 1ft
300(0
,.
17
,...
IIlOOO
10000
II """
1 0000 .
I
"""
8700(01) .
11250
10000
IS
"
"
12
..
4
%(0) ....... 20
8OO{f) 22
19
II
20000 (1D)
""".,
1l1000 II "",.
1 ltoOO
20000
' I
Q"MI
11000
7r.OC1
6='
Q75O(,[)
1
7
I '" '''''
) 10000
d)
I~
15
IS
12
10
3
4
4
... ..... 24
11000
>0000
700 27
26
(0-)
t) For columns; (u) Ba .. 'i in~h or ' - ; lal'Jl:~r b:....'. proportional~ly leM;
Iv) Soft ._1; (w) Dia",nal u.n,ion; (J;) flat ba .. with .'ze "'tie I.,.. than 2.
and hlah carbon round. and aqua,..,.; (y) Stru~lu",I IU'e1 rounds and equa"",;
d For hoopoM! rolun,n . _ Building Law. ; (Ol) Cold dm"n mau.rial as wi,..,;
Ibb) HOrioontal ba,.,: (ee) Bent up 00"'; (dd) Square column.; (ee) Round
oore columns; (to St>e<;lal cateII. _ Buildina La"...
322 CAMBRIA STEEL.
PINS.
0
SlIOP FUlLO
. . . hUH....
.-
Sharing Value _
~
A~of Rivet X Allowable Shearing St~ per 5Qu.a~ l neb .
......
.....
,
.1105
...,
.1964
.3068
.6013
.
'" .1106
~ .19.64
'" .3068
" .4418
U .6013
1 .780 4
In the abo"" tab!eo tI~ bear;", values betw~ t.he lower and upper ziazag
blA<:k li ne. are ~reater than linal., and les. than double , II"". for tile COT,e'
aponding cimenolona. ..:> that ]n case of lingle shear, tbe oilUliuhea.rittg ,..Iue
a:overns,lLIId in CUI of double .hear, the be;!.ring value ~ms ~ d~. .
CAlIlBRIA STEEL, s
SHEARING VALUE or RIVETS AND BEARING
VALUE or RIVETED PLATES,
...11 Dlmonalolll in Inch...
181100
10000
/
". CAMBR IA STEE L .
~~~~;i <FE!t J
.......
Grip of
Ii""
,i" I"I" I"
Dl.&IIwter olltlnot in Inch., .
I"
,I" m
1" ~
,
,~ !~ ,:~ l~
,~
m
". m , H '
l~
, l~ m
m
,i~
l~
:~ , m m ,~ ~H III
,!~
:~
3 3
m ,l~ m
~a m m ia 'H
'X
'H
m !~
,'"
l~
3M
III
illIII ill, ,iij ,III :a
~ ,!~ !~ :a !ll!~ i~ m
m
3 ,
ia ,,.l~ 3~ ,~
3 ,'" !~ ' H !~
'" ."
:~
3 3
m
m !ti ill ,m :~ m 3
l~
3
3
!ll ...
l~
mmm m
,III '"
'H
,~ 3
!ll
III
,III
,III
i~
iti
~~ !~ ill~~
.\mount in Inch" to be l ubtzaeted from abo" lenrtlul for
Count.enunk B,a.o.s..
II
'Hrn
I ,. I X I ,. I I I ,. I " I ,.
CAMBRIA STEEL. .'7
-
INCLUDING 100 mADs.
....
D'"
t I t I f
I t I
1
... .
,~ ... ""enc' Wol(ht In Poun~ .
..
10~ 17.0
i~ .....
11.16
11.80
18.0
.0
20.0
28.0
~
4'~
48.4
13.10 2 .0 .0 4M
....
63~
,...
13.76 47.6
22.0
itt
m
'4.40 23.0 49.7
16.00 ....0 ,,~ 6 ... 71.7
16.70 ',.0 87.0 74.4
as.
......... ""'.1
28.0 , .0
I~
16.31>
17.00 27.0 40.0 , .0 79 ..
17.66 ".0 4U 60.' .2~
18.80 ".0 43.0 a' ..
!H
3
18.91>
19.60
20.211
20.90
30.0
81.0
32.0
33.0
4 ....
46.0
47~
49.0
.... ....
.o~
70.6
00.0
90.7
.8~
....0 6M 78.7 .0
I~ 36.0
36.0
1:'>2.0
63~
74.1
7 ...
101.6
IOS.s
I~ 37.0 ".0 70.. 107.1
is
4
38.0
39.0
40.0
41.0
6M
'0.0
,.~
.0
01,0
S3.1
A' ..
07~
. 09 ..
112.6
116.2
118.0
!S
,
".0
.7.0
70.0 ....
.4
91S.6
128.6
128.9
.34.4
73.0 .04.0
.....
139.8
.....
is
'76.0 108.2
79.0 112.3 1110.7
82.0 116.6
AM 120.7 161.6
--
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.,
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.
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.
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.ro
.n
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'"
1.11
1.17
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..
, .~ ,.~
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." '.n '"
M
'" '"
1.12
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" .".n '".so ,.., '.m. ..
.00 ,~
'" ''" ,'"...
1.17
. . . ,
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m uz ,... ,.
1.17 1.4&
:s .."." ""... ."." .n.n ''''
.n
"'".so ."... ,'"" '.n '" 1.12
,.ro
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.M 1.18 1.47
, .ro .ro ,.'" ". ,., .... ,.ro '",.so ,." "
.
...
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." ... " u ,..,
."... .. ." "'"
In ." .,
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.n ... .0
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, '.n '" '"'
1.13
1.13
\ .17
1.21
, .~
'.M
1.41
,.ro
1.45
1.47
'.N ,
' .M 1.78
,'"... '.00
'.N
1.15 2.13
'"
MAYTM'UM SIZE OF RIVETS IN ANGLES AND IN
FLANGES OF BEAMS AND CHANNELS.
~
...
10&
......
I BUMS.
....
~
,. ...... .'"
.... .r........ ... ":I" .. "'1"1'
.....r.... "".. ..... .....r.... ... ..... CIUlOfELI.
of
"""-
1. ;
,... ...... ..... .::.. .',..." ----
of
li..!..
.
&!fOUS.
of
o
I ..
li"....
I.....
..
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- ,- -,.- -- -- ,-
,.
..." .,.!,. ~
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g.75 ro. 'K
".
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.,
"
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. . M.'
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us
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1I.:U ,~
21,0
.... ~
,"'- ,
]3 . ~
""'" ...
u 15.0 'K
~
~.
'u ~~
CAMDR l A STEEL. ".
AREAS TO BE DEDUCTED TO OBTAIN NET AREA
OF RIVETED PLATE.
Square l nchn.
RIVET SPACING.
..
.~
All Dlmenalou. In Inch._
.w.... Pi1dro
II P\o.Ip of
a..Na &lid Girt'"
iliaaeo tro.. ... tl Pi.. II
Omit oUinllolt.
1Iw.... DoW.
-- ...
"""-
""., ......
" ..... ..... .. .. .... ... -..
" _., ...... ...... "
'oJUaI 'ok!"! ,oJ .. 1l
"'-
,oJual ,oJ 01 'okoal
'.m ,..,
'''''
..
"'00
... ,..,
'''''
151110
,..,
,..,
,.."
, ~~
i~ "., lUO
"""
17.n
....
"""
.'M
5iooo -
....,
""00
"'''
-......
,~ U8$
""" 18.87
"""
..,. "''' no"
,..,
"
!~, , ,..,
1.787
"...
... """"... moo , \9.M
.,., .
8;500 ,..,
,.."
..
2.074
".~ '"'' ."
2.761 """ """
~'" ill
"'M ..,
21.M
"'"' m"
...,
~
"
3.1 42 "''' '"'" 23.7G """
",,,
"""
"'"'
..., ".., .""
" ,.,,""'" "'"
~ U " """"
"" "'"
,,.,, m
11.8$
3.978
... "." "'"
"""
....... ..
"'"
l~
.... ",.,
"""
'"'" "'"
"'"
,.,.,
"'00
"." ""'" "000 .""
Z7.11
,,..
ro." ,..,
00000
....
-
U92
"''' "'"
~'" '" '''''' moo ",.,
31.92
,.., """
...m ",., ,.." 33.18
"
ill ..S.'". """ ....,
421110 31.47
""" .,"" """
...
,.., fa
.... -
M.iO 91130 1012.50
........
"000
.".,
"'''
""" , 37.12
.,., "..,
.,." 100 130
IS .""
9.821
10.32
""" "''' ",., , ,~
38.48
44.18
,W ,-
00000
"..,
,,,,.,
10 12.50
. ,-... ,-....
11.05
.... ....
.."
,~ 11.79
."'" ....
52310 """
"'M .~
..,. ~."
tiI.Z1
, '"'"
"..",
114750
,,.,.,
,,,. ..,
'"
12.57
m ,.., "'"
\4.19
15.00 "'.,
",ro
"000
EX.UII'LE.- The ' Ires. in 1m. ~d POSt of a brld~" 2&1 000 pound. "nd the
diamelet" of Ihe pin is 6~~ Required 1m. total thlckne. of steel pin plaiN
pounds per 8Qua~ inch.
From 1m. tabl~ th~ bearlnr VIIlu~of a 5'i pin in a 1# vlate for 15 000 pound.
unit .t rest ill St"380 pound. . Therefore 1m. total thkkn_ of mttal required i.
250000 200.
84 380 - ' .
The nearest ""mmerclal , loe "'ould thtrefore be I~ on eacb side. i!>cludill
.. ~b and ntceI8Bry reinfordl4l plate..
CAMBRIA STEEL.
'"
MAXIMUM BENDING MOMENTS ON PINS.
With lb;tnm. rlbre 8~MtI. V&:I"J'lnl from 11 000 to " 000
. '".
P ounda per SQ.uare Inch.
.... ..
-. "" li40melltlin Inch. Pounda for Fibre Stuuel of
.... .... . . CiQOUIIL 180G0 Lbo. 2111800 Ll:e. Z!500 tbt. .......
.
~
po po
....
..."".
.~1ooI. Sfur,bel .~ i0oi. !oi;urt IIIOL .~
--
.'...." ....
,..
m
'H . ... ""'
un
...
<m
"00
"w
'''"
""
.m
...."""00
~"
""
~"
"w
...."" ""
!~ ,.'" ".
..ro
\ .787
2.0U
2.i &1
&00
~710
""
"""
...
wro .....
",.
~'"
.....
"'"
""
"'"
131:10
1&180
, ..."
~a ...
...."
3.l~2
U7G
~~ ,..... ""'"
604 12
...
..... ....
11780
14 130
16770
.,
"'"
....,.'" ....'"" ""'"... "'"
14140
00'"
.....
.... .....
776 10
"'"
,... ..,..
,."
-
]5710
mro
.- =
.....
,.,,'
17\110
"'00
~ . oo
.....
"...
moo
611)40
... "..
'"'" ...
"'"
-
~
.,,, "....
~'"... "'"
!S .,.. ..." "'"
7.870 ... (11410
''''' ,- "'"
onoo w,,"
..
'"
.- ... ... ~7 1 0
.~'"
m
U2 1
M"
10.32 1
11.00
" ...
.....
&1 HO
......
"'"
75770
~."
",m
...
1I1U'XI
lL 0910
u ....
'" .....
IM33 ""'"
."",
...... .'"
..
15.1KH
..... ."'''''
"....
I3n~o
..,W "....
"""
161030 00' "
21SS10 """
201:1810
,iR
:U
,,.
tUM ..
11.72 1
"".
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2O.G~
21.&48
189390
.....
253710
217490
"""
"''''
""'"
...
2iM20
~=
"
,.,,"
"""
.....
......
"""
22.09 \ """"
"""' ......
274420
""00
3Of91(1
"""" 381130
m
23.758
U.'"
25.961
~, w
2-100 10
""00
"'"'
"""
-" ,,-
31UlO
"""
"""' '"'"
. .. 00
........,
"'
887510
..= .....
"""
......
~
OAMBRIA STEEL. 3..
..... "".
... .. .....
Moment. In Ineh-Pounda for Fibre 8tnlH. of
,- ~ ISOOO Lilt.
.~
18000 Lbt..
po
s.uttloel .~
po
...
20000 LIII. HOOO Lilt.
.-
419370
""W
'"
80.""
3UI~
"""
M'' ' ~'''''
~"., ~"'"
'."'"'
M187LO
"""
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m "".'"
33.183
......
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........ ..
""'" """"
M.4n
m M.m ~..,
.
""'"
47.173
~.'" 119190 ""'"
....,,'"
"""" ,.,
1078780
1142470
"
"'.'" "'''''''.., I~IO
".,,'"
!~ .......... ...,.,
51.&1~ 1053170 13111470
~
""'" ,,..,,.
..",.
"""'" 1378170
m .......," ''''''''
......
M.745
&0.132
~"
MO_
"".... "....,
"""'"
131.5390
1417290
14N810
, 6.3.817
1372570 1.\.44140
"-'" ''''''''
1llSOOO
ill 8'7.201
~""
I1I\MIO
121:HOO
".'"
m 'M" ''''''''
n.7M 13130\10
1UM 13&fgl0
,.....
14180lI0
,"'ill
'"
78.540
82.5le
,,-"" ..."'"
IH2MO
17CH740
2\lH70
""..,
.....
90.7153
''''''''
,....., """"
""~ ".003
,m... ""'" ""'''
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2..116110
Z61M10
on"",
3145140
.. '. b
Bolta &nd ThnadJ. aoUCh N'utl and Heads.
1
;I ! ,~ 1
,
l !J ,~ il 11 "
J I I ! ! :11 .i' (' J J If
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,- ,- lIJl.... IltI. ,- --
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-- 'I
~(' "" .'".....24''94
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."" ....m, .'"
20 .707 .577
.-
.007' .'77
.0078 .110 .068 .79'
" .006' .'''' .09' 1.105 .902
13 "00
.'" .'" .126 1.238 1.010
,f .62'
10
.73'
9
.507 .0113
.0125
.0140
.'"
.60'
.202
.300
1.5I>l
1.768
2.033
1.227
1.143
1.660
'I
a
8
7
7
..7
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1.1165
.0156
.0180
.0180
.785
.994
1.227 ... 1,'Ht ,.'" '.093 a'I
.550
.694
2.298
2."'"
1.876
'.82ll . 2.309
2.626
6
6
,
1.160
1.284
.0210
.0210
1.185
1.767
\.057
1.295 3.359
'I 2.742
'"''I'
n'"'tt
1.389
1,1
51
5
t.490
1.615
.0227
.'.'""''""
2.074
2.405
2.76\
1.515
1.744It
'.048 2\1
3.624
3.889
4.154
2.959
3.175
3.392
21
4! 1.712
41 1.962 ."'"
."'"
3.142
3.976
2.302
S.023 :t '"',.4.420
4.950
3." 2
4.042 It
4.006 Ui!*
21 4 2.175 .0310 3.715 3l 4.475
, a
'.909
.-
'I 4 2.425 .0310 5.940 4.6\9 6.011
'.629 .1057 7.069 5.428 6.541
5.nI 'I it
5.341 3
31 !!'I 2.879 .1057 8.298 6.510 5 7.071
II ,3 3.100
3.317 .0410 11.045
9.621 7.548 51
8.641 51
7.002
8.132
6.207
6.640 'I
'I
lr
3.567
3.798
.o.no 12.566 9.993 61 8."" 7.073 4
9.193 7.506 41
3",
~
<I .04" 14.186 11.329 'I 31
,:t
4.028 .0460 15.904 12.7.a 6! 9.723 7.939 41
61
... "
'.480
'.730
.04SO 17.n1
.0500 19.635
.0500 21.648
14.220
15.763
17~n
a
8
10.253 8.3n 4\
lo.m 8.806 5
11.314 9.238 51
1('
31/
4
U 4.953
5.203
.0526 %3.758
.05" ".967
19.267
21.262 81
"
11.844 9.671
12.375 10.104. ~I jt
6 'I 5.423 .0.155 28.274 23." 91 12.905 10.1i37 6
''
CAMBRIA STEEL. ,a.
RULES 1'OR PROPORTIONS 01' BOLTS AND
NUTS.
... -. . ..
.. :::-
..
-
_ ..
.
-
Lell,l'th UDderJlead to Point.
,~
,~
t
"
Dla.me tor of Boltlln Inch...
.,..., ,,.
h
'"
I
- - -]2.2- -17.5- -U-
13.0
".
h
-- --
..
I
. 31.8 n .l
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h
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I
~
a
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\3.0
., "., "'.,
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n .
19.9
21.4 ...n. ." .
37.0 '" ~
M.'
,... ...
1M 32.1 M.' ro .
.~
'" ,,. '" ....M.'
,U U. M.' 75.2
,
.~
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8
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11.1
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".
lU
lU
21.0
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...
n . ."
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.
.
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M' ~. N.'
M.'
M' a.,
M' ...
".,
o. '" ,.
...'" , "w., .. ~
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8~ ,U ~., 40.7 100.7
.~
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ro, ....
a,
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10&.0
IOU
".'" ....n . "
.
"-' lIU
"
.. ,,.>
,,~ 17.2 111.8
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"
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11.9 tU
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42.11
57.1
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ru
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ne
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49.1
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a .
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107.7
11 1.1
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118.0 147.11
,
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124.9 UU
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.,
75.11
n .
81.2
,ro>
10&.1
\110.4
,., ,
103.0 13\..8 1601.8
IOU 138.7 113.1
1ll.2 ItU In.
...
... ...
.. . .. ... .... IlU 14M 181.7
"
,,~ .... ... 11M It U 18U
..
"
,,~
..
l
...... ..... ...
. ......
, 'M' ,", ...,
1l~.3 ,W
122.1
i,w.t
1110.2
lOU
... -'M.osf
.
ToObta;aW.;ChIl..;tII Squarof .~ . U ioU
N~II per 100: Add ........
W.;,pt of oae " e:uc<><> N1It.. ..... .o11~
.'" ...
-C... .,,. -:TiT
.,.
.on ... .'" ... .... ..... .'Q
- .
.Ol:rf -,.. -..ro ....- .'" """""Toil --:T43
Weilhtofoae ll~ HM<! ..... ..~ ~, .~ ,
-
- 11'....101 oae &.pwe NUl ..... .
Wfii:ht of_ Sq.....-e IIM<! . .. . _.
All weiiJhu are approxi ..... tt.
C.ulBRIA STEEL. 887
-
Le.,.t.h \LDder B ead to Point .
I t
~.,
w.
1
,u ,w .. ......, ...'"""
11 11 1/
,~
11
". '" ..
,~
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'"""
'" 'M
,. ,.. .. ...,...."
'"
lIU
lIeJ
'M' '"
'" '"
m '"'"' on
M' '"
132.8 '" '"
IZU
~,
128.e
13U ,W
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,%, ,~
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...."'"."
~,
u,
'"... ...
.,".
.~ ,W
14:'-0 '"
11>3 .4 '"
"'
.~
,ro, '"'"
. . ...
"'
~
lIU
12M
,,,. '",...
n., '"
"... ""., "' '"U.'" '" '" '"
132.0 on
'" '"'"'"
.. .. .. .,
, 14.4.3 '"
1115.4
on
.~
"'.. "'
'"
100.4 212.1
...'"'"'"m '"." '"'M
,.... " '"
1&11.5
.. ""'"
,~ 102.7
n~
17U
181.1 '"
u, '"
no
187.2
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on
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"n"
m
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on
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'" .'"
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1101
.,
m nM
n '"on
'"
."
., ...'" noo 117~
",,~
"
M
,,~
'"
.n
'"
33. CAllBRIA. STEEL.
.....
........, ...
to Point.
I
I~ I ;, I h I
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,~ ...
.., '.0 U lU lU ~ ~.
,~
,
.~
. . . '" .".... ...,.... ......,,
U
U
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lU
10.0
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"8
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~. e7.7
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.~ . .. ., ........ "'., ... 'M'
U 1204
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14.8
18.4
...,
...
lU , ..,
.U
N.'
U.,
M.
n.'
67.~
n.'
DS
...... ...... .., ., ...
".. ". ns
.~ "U
1M ~.,
'" 1111.7
llU
,
,~ ". ,".'" ,.., .... IZU
27.1 ~U 81.6 M.' 1211.4
.,
11 .7
'" , n , . M .'
o. ,.... ,...
71.1
'U 00.0 n. ". UU
147.5
""
'U
.... ....
U> ". ., W
n
"..... m. "'.
...". . . ...
U . 115.1 172.4
'" ....
"" '" ....n ., 41 .7
'U
67.'
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n.
IZU
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. 47.e
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m
,
67.2
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. .... ,... ,., ".
IDU
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II U
13M
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140.4
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14U
1 ~7.'
175.1
:UU
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n, u.
31.1
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M' .. ... ...
131.7
......
"
DII.7
... ... .. ..
......
." WJ
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."
14U 1113.1 u . oro ". "0>
,~. UU '"
,,,. "... ,,0.>, ..... ororo
M7.1
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...
...... ..
."
, leG.7
215.8
40U '"
oro "ro 1315
'"
8
...
18U
,no
.....
17U 237.9 ",.,
.", .'U
...
" , . MI.I..... ..'"
418.'
'"
... '" ,,.,.
, ... '"no '''' ,...
... .... ....... .
..... .......... ... '" ",,'" ,...
XU au In.o
1318
,.""
212.1
...., ""
27M .....
147.'
. ...
............. .... .~
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1810
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512.7
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1205
toro
"'"
"" 11'40
..
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HU ....... ..... ''''"., "" ,,,.''''"." ""
.
71U
.....
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740.4 ,,"
.'"
1375
H25
""
m, ...
"" ,''''., ....,.. ....
445 I 1171 1475
..... ....,
I"" 81U
"'u
,OOU 121 3
10311.0 12M
1 ""
167a
"'"
~I'OID 1* IDch to 2lncbtto.IDcI"';"" a~ tilled with nuto made to U. S.
... CAMBRlA STEEL .
Dluneter of a he t Inlnche.
r......t.h under Bud to Point.
,...... I I I I f 1 11
.., ------
..... .... .
-- -- --
,IS
..,,." ." .,". .... '", ....
U
10.7
1304
,'-'
~
u,
U
n.s H.'
a, '" 'U
H.
'" ....
~8.7
...
...,"u '"u .,
. .... '"
.... ..
....
, ....
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m .....
7U
~ '" ., . , a, a, , 112.1
10. .,.
U
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7(1.8 , ""
,
11\1.1
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is 11.6
a. ."
2U
H.' " M'.. a.,
m.
74.7 IOU 1:1:3.4
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lU \07.1
13.1 .~ 112.1 1f7.!
is
13.9
14.7
1M
n.' , M.' M' ,.a, leu)
M.' a.,
a, .,., ".. ., M.'
118.0
1Il.4
... 1M.1
IG7.0
18.2
... '" .... ....
134.4
.
174.1
m
II.
17.7
'LI a.
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.... ...
a, .... ...
3l.2
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, M. ,
n.. ,'M'
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\8 1.7
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m ,a "... ""
187.1
,U a ..,
"-' 'N' m .
m,
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.... ... .. ...
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, a . ....
.... , , .....
'DA ",.
a . 0'
,
87.1
....
137.4
, ....
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,ill
IOU 141.1
,
"'-' ,
... ."...,M' .N., ,ro, ""'".. ...."'.
71.t
M.' n. I4U :1$1.7
.'""
27.7
7U Ill.! 1M.\
Il7.2 lG2.4
.... ... 27&.4
SIU
au
10"
a . "., Sf?.
"
"" a.
IOU 147.'
IOU 1it.l 212.5 :l8U M I.2
a ..
" -
IOU
........ '"....
0... ... ill Ieorcth 01 100 Rinu .m -12.211:;- ,...,
"'.01100 RiTriUade ..... '.n 16.lt U>O u.n "" 47.l7
CAlIUlBIA STEEL. .<>
WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS OP BOLT BXAnS.
IlAlfUJ'ACTUlI.DIJI ' ITUDOD IlDl.
. . . ."_ j ... .
II
Jolt
QorI
)~. )~.
Bub- Hoop" TownHnd.'. List.
I.oIr
Nck-.
'r.Jc~1 DorI
,.. SOO .........
1.0",
) ~.
n.
f\1eb-.
Woi(kl
,.. SOO,
-s..,;: ,...1 -,_
IJdoa
- huoIo.
- --
[.... [.... I..w..
- . _- - -
.....
I I .'" ,0. .7 I .m ,0. .,
,0. It .... II ... It .. I II U
I .m h ,.S
,".
,0. ,0. .670 h
,0. H .m II ' .0 It .768 /I
I I 1.061 I ,. I .'".97' I '.1
I. H 1.193 II 8.' I! II 7.3,
I tI ..'" It 11 .5 t! .."" t! 10.0
I II 1>91 ,0. 19.9 II ..'" I. I,.
\ In
"" It 31.1 1,0. 1.516 It ".
I II 2.122 \ II
.fo7.3 ..713 I ".0
II It! ,.... I! 67.' It! ..... I! 58.
II 1\ '.652 tI 92.' 1\ 2.166 t! SO.O
II 'n 2.917 In 122.8 'n 2.383 In 10M
II 'I 3.182 II 159.5 'I 2.599 II 1382
1/ 'n 3.4017 In 202.7 2h 2.818 In R5.7
1\ 'I 3.m In 2582 'I ,."" In 219..5
, , 't! lit
,'t! ,.... lit
1\ 3.977 311.5 3.3.fo9 269'
U~.fo3 II 178.0 II '27.6
OAMBRIA. STEEL.
'"
WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS OF HEXAGON
NUTS.
M.UftTI'.6.CT11JLZB.a ' I5TAlfDllD SIZES.
.- ...... .-...
Bull-Boope." Towruend'.lJst.
.....
.
PI&ln . Cupped.
o..
....""'- ..... .
,. -- .,.
... 'b"
1fli(lI
-- -
.
"" "" ,eflOll. ,..1011 .
-- -- -- ------
,... ......
..... ..... ..... ..... -- ...... ......
-- -- ---- --- - -
.'18 I n. ., """1.3 1800 1.2
t
.122 4790
l'! 2.' '.I
,I f .866
1.011 It
'.8 2830
7.0 I<OJ
7.' 1580
'.0
6.8
6.9
"10
1580
~
1.011 14<10
t.t55 9.9 10to 9.' 1090
I I,.
/
II
II
1.155
1.299
1.299 ~ "" 13.7
15.9
730
630
10.2
12.5
15.2
980
800
866
\I 1.'" 17.9 660 17.0 580
II ,I<
..
1.444 19.5 18.5 5<1
II IA.. 23.0 <S. 21.7 460
11
1.444
1.580
1.580
22.'
26.6
30.8 '" ,,... '"'"
376
580
20.6
847
it 1.'" ,U
40.0 ,.,'" 32.3.
37.6
310
1/
1.'"
1.783 37.7 265 '"
,.,80.3 ,."
I
I
it
1\
1\
1.783
1.817
1.817
2.021
2.021
I
I
I
I
II
...
45.9
45.3
57.5
68.7
'18
221
137
174
I"
43.5
'2.6
47.6
83.8
59.5
28.
'10
186
168
it 'I
'1
'.309
2.599
2.888
aII It
I"
I"
100.0
138.9
185.2
100
5<
12
90.9
126.6
169.5
110
."
79
2\
,I I !lII
8
3.176
3.464
3.1&1
4.043 ,,1I
I"
I"
tfl
....
"'.9
383.'
493.8
.1
OJ
.. t
201
222.2
303.0
370.4
459.8
83
"
'1\
2
4.(143
4.0<8 'I m"" 512.8
20t
!9t
454.5
487.8
22
201
OAMBRIA STEE L . ...
WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS OF SQUARE
NUTS.
IIUHtfJ'.&.CTtrltU8' 8TUfD.&.lI.D 81ZE8.
......
.,
....
... ""
--
....... .......
-
.
Baala-Hoopu &; TO~ Dd'l Lilt.
...tia:~1 ....
CliPped.
'
-
h. pert.
~
..... ..... ..... .... ..... ...... ......
-- - - -- - -- - - -
--
--
I
/0
I
I
."7
.88<
\
/0
n
j, ,.
1.5 625'
,. 3M'
I.,
2.5
7200
'00<l
I \ 1.061 \ Il 2100 '.2 2380
". I 1.237 n It 7.5 1930 6.8 1<6'
! I 1.237 I ". 8.9 1120 8.1 1230
! 1 1.414 I ". 11.9 01' 1.. 930
/0 1\ 1.591 /0 I 15.4. 650 IU 700
I 1\ 1..591 I /0 17.3 67' 16.1 620
I 1\ 1.768 I /. 23.' 21.1
\
I
1\
11
1.768
1.945
\
I
II
II
2,.
31.7
43'
""'44 25.0
29.0
'"
' 00
I
I
11
11
2.122
2.122
I
I
II
II
41.0
46.6
'15
215
37.0
41.7
'"27'24'
I 11 2.'" I II 55.6 18' <8.8 '05
I 1\ 2.476 I II 61.3 163 54.6 163
1 1\ 2.476 1 I 70.9 141 64.1 156
1
11 ,
2 2.828
2.828
1
11
I 95.2
102.0
105
...87.', 115
11
1\
'\
'\
3.182
3.182
11
1\
/I
/I
I".
135.1
156.3
"" 123.6
142.9
100
8!
"
C .307
.871 I 'I .550 8
1.043 51
I.'" 61
87
"
.550
il
I 1.502
I .442
.519 1\ .694
8
1 1.763 " ""
61
C .601
.600
1\
1\
.893
.893
1
1
2.044
2.347
" "
6\
29
I
11,\1'
.185
J3ffI
.994
1.108
a
11
11
5
5
5
6
1.057
1.057
1.295
1.295
6
6
8
6
2.610
3.014
3.319
3.766
"'! "'"
51
31
19
11
11
11,\,'
1.221
1.353
1.485
11
11 n 1.515
1.7
1.7
51
6
5
4.173
4.60<1
5.049
"
5
23
29
18
1.623 11 H 2.1148 5 5.5\8 '1 26
1.761 2.W2
";!61
2
""'"
11 'I 6."" 61
1(' 1.918 2 2.302 6.520 '1
III
2.074
2.237
21
21
2.650
2.650 'it 7.051
1.'"'
5
'I 18
n ,.\ "
"". \
11 2.405 3.'" 8.178
lr
III
2.580
2.761
2.948
H
2\
6
6
3.'"
3.419
3.715
8.113
'.388
1(1.0'20
'1
5 "
11
26
LenatJ;. of U~ End. above an" t-t adapUd lOT Ule w'th Turnbuckleo of
atanda<d len&th... ~ loch<ee between head. , as 100W" on ""p: 300, and with
(:1evioeo .hown on ~ 352. l.~n&t'" of Uf*t ""'blor Uoe with ordinary JUaht
and Left Nuu. obown on pa,~ 351 nlaY be one iDch Ihoour t han above.
CAMBRIA STEEL. 3415
Lengths of Upset E nds above are best adapted for use with Turnbuckles of
standard length , six inches between heads. as shown on page 350, and with
Clevises shown on page 352. Lengths of Upset Ef\ds for use with ordinary
Right and Left Nuts, shown on page 351. may be olle inch shorter than above.
r 848 CAMBRI A S'I'EEL.
.,. 10 .850
"
t
.'60 I .
.316
.331 1
/
n .560
9
8
1.076
1.828
n
33
41
it
.418
.563
.600
1
11
a
.\
l!5
.550
.694
." ,
8
1
1
1.'"
1.913
2.245
'.603
.\
5
..
17
33
tI
.1"
." 11 5
1.057
1.057
6
'.989 il 38
".
:1
..,."
1 1.000 5 1.295 6 3.400
,It
1.12\1 1.515 3.838
11'
If<
1.'"
1.410 11 n 1.515
1.744
'.303 '1
'.195 41
1.563 2.048 ,, 51
.."""
11 1/ 51 5.312
1.123 1/ 5\ 2.048 '.851 ./
11'
In
1.891 2
1I 2." .\ 6.428 41
'.066 21 2.660 .\ 1.'" 5/
1\ 2.250 21 61 2.650
'.023 n 1.650
,4141 ,.so
18
it
2.4-1.1 8.300 24
2.641
2...
1I21 'I
6
6
3A19
30419
41
.\
8.918
9.682 41
'.063 ,./41 "
un
6 3.715 10.410
Ie 3.'"
3.516
3.7M 2\ 61
U55
4.155
U19
11.170
11.950
12.760 41 .." 18
]llllllr
~t
I
.... 1M.
-- --
B
r.l&
G
tI.
nr..L
----
,.,.
U"",
lDcMI.
Irur tMI or
JooIJOf Bat.
2,\
21
un U
"
1i.941
6.250 3\
6\
7
7
7
6.510
7.""
7.""
7.548
II
'\
18.19
19.18
20.20
21.25
.\
.\
.\
22
26
19
21
6.'" 31
~t
7\ 8.111 3\ 22.33 '\ 24
6.891 7\ 8.111 .\ 23.43 'I
7.123 !l 7\ 8.641
24.66 .\ "
20
n
2\ 7.'" 7\ '.303 3 25.71 28
'.303 II.\
~t
7.910
8.266 II7\ 9.993
3
3
26.90
28.10
,
18
21
3
8.629
9.000
'I
.\ 7\
10.106
10.106
3
29."
30.60
24
19
31 9.766 12.037 it
"
8 33.20
n to.1i63
11.391
12.2.50
n
,
.\
8
8\
12.743
13.544
15.068
U 35.92
38.73 6
21
19
!I3\ 13.141
8\
15.763
41.65
".68
'I 28
31
14.063
lli.016 U II8\ 16.6:;8
17.572
U
2\
47.82
1i1.05 .\'\ " 18
17
16.000 51 9 19.267 2\ &1.40 6\ 20
Len~'" of Upeet End. abo~ are!)o,t adapted I.,.. "lie with Tumbuckl .. of
Itandard ~b. Ih \tJcheI het~ bead . ... ahown on pqc 350. and with
Clevloes ahown on Daile 352. LenathI of Upeet End. for Ulle with ordinary
RlIM and t.dt Null hown OIl pqc 351. may he one inch l horter than abo~.
.
CAMBRIA STEEL .
,.
: ;.-0....,
... ...
:1__ __ _ __ J..
Jd
,~
, ,
~ .1 a.ot of
1 '.00 '.W 51 6
, I' '.63
3 6t 3.023 11\
3 3.00
"1 3.719 6,
,, 11 ,II
3
'.38 3.75
4.159 7 11
11
'.63 7
8 4.13 '.92 7 10
'.50 5.43 7 10
,,, II ,'In
3.00 3.719 6, 121
3.50 4.159 7 12
1 4.00 '.63 7 11
,,, 'I
1\
11
'.50
5.50
5.43
6.&1
7 11
11
,, a
'1
3' 6.50 6.51 71 11
,I '.00 7.54 10
6
a ,n" 11
6.50
7.00
3.75
7.54
8.64
4.63
10
9,
5
6
I 1
'.38
6.00
5.43
6.51
7
7
11
11
10\
!l3,
5
6
5
1/
H 31
5.63
6.25
6.88
6.51
7.55
8." !I 10,
:1
"
5 7.50 8." 71 91
6 1\ 8.13 9.99 ..
,
6
6
n
8.15
6.75
9.99
8.64 71 10
6
6 I ..
..
7.50
8."
9.00
8.64
9.99
9.99
7\
..
..
9
..
..
Fo:r dimensloTll 01 head. ~ndi ... to different~ pins, _ table oJ.
Eye Bal'l on pan 3-19,
Shortest Len~h of bar ptl1ll iaaible on account of ~tbod of manufacture Is
6' fY' center I<) end.
Tbe aoov," \enith Is U8ed 0111)' for ban havln, head. 12"' diameter or less.
Whm jlOIIible lengths of 7' fY' ~ preferred.
C AMBRIA STEE L . ..
,
-!,-~@-i
- - ,/, t Iq ___Qu ----------!
. s,
.,
STEEL EYE BARS.
: :v - " --- ,
s,
.
----, - -----------1
..... ...... .-
i
...
--.....,- .... ....
"""-
--
T-
..-.
1..";:;:
...,..-
....
E
=
.... D
".OO98_zl.84'l861i_ IO.
kLiouI u-. of
1M .....
LiM~if,I_
if,Wyrl. .....
ua;~t..prl. ""
c..w rl.1I! it-
"r-OMIM.
G
, ".% 1/
III
:1 3
3
8 ,II ,
II 8
"I
gl
91
10
, 91 '1 11
10 21
1 !I
11 27t
,, 11 37%
2!)
24
, I
12
13 271
, I "18\141 !I'I
I 32
6 21\
27
,, tt "I n
6 I 31\
8
" ''II
I
11
11
' 0%
""I32
301
8
8
9
9
II ""I
I
I
,
'I 18
21 9
8
35
321
30\
9 "I 10
10 11 24\ 101
The e!ze 01 bead 1PVfl1ll tht rlze of die. TMmeol fi~ bead wlU overt"\ln
lhw about ~'. E~ San art Hydraulic Forie<! without tbe addition of
utranoeoul metal and without bucl<la Oe wel<b. T he bead. on Eye Ban al"t
finbbed oflhe Slmt t blckneM " T " III body 01 bon.
"0 OAMBRIA STEEL.
TURNBUCK..LBS.
P&IlISI!:D waOUOBT lBOK.
kil ~! /@
-'."-
.......... .10-_ -A --":"-T-"; )/
~_-rn~ @
The Cl.feiand 01", "ora e a.nd Iton Co
...... ---
.... .... .... .... ----
B
s..........,
L
- - -- I ..... - -
---- ---- - -- -
H
g IS
,I r*
, ~ .. ."
M
~ ,~
m ,,
,,
, :1
1* ~
..
,*
, ,
li/ '" :~
'M
:~
IS
!G
,, ,
I~
,!B
"" ~a , '"
"""tl l~ ,,
, :~
!~ is :r~ , lli 'M
m il 1"
I"
,
'. m I~ '. !li ""l!;t
,~
OR ,
'" , lil 'K
, ,l~
g~ .,. ,
m m ia '"
'M ,~ :i/
, , "" , :~ ,* 'H 'H
:~ ia "~a ,!~
m ,
.~
~S 'M
lli
'" m
.~
".. u ""'m :~
.~
"
Standard Leathll, 6, 9, 12. 15. 18. 24. 311, 48 and 72 iDeM:. betw-. headl (A)
for all .iz.....
Len~th. of U~ End. ohown on pageo 311la 3U inclou;"t are thoole bett
adavtoed for uae wilh T umbuckleo 01 Standard um&th.s. a.a above.
DilIlf:1ll!lo"" E. F. G and H depend U])On the Ipccificationo of the Bar1 with
whkh the Tumbuel;!... are to IX! UoN.
CAMBRIA STEEL. ...
RIGHT AND LEFT NUTS.
,~ -G .. '"
fr:E%l 0 ! I r ~
-.
~. - ----.u ~ .. -. -~
... Y~lfl
..........
-
":I" """-
"':!" 0.. ..1
--.-- ''''
--,,- ." --,.-- "'- (\M'"l
.....
-
.....
- ...... .....
.....
....., -- =- --=-- --=--
.....- L - T-
T6 In
I
/ <I
a ''11
<I p,"d l
~'OO :\ !i , 3 1I
a
2 ,
II
II
'1
.\
In 7 1/
,
a 5151 1II1\ It11\ IhI .. It 771 2n2n1/ U n ""I
5
11
I
,U
2h" 21
61 U 'I< 2 2n..
l
m "I ~l
''\ a 261
/
21
21
'1
. 'I "
" !i ' ! "I 661
31t it .
'I 7 ,
31 'I ~l'! 5
~r
21 "I 32 81
381 971
'I 71 "
111 116
'I W " ' n 'I 531
r.
71 138
hw
II 4f 'i!"'- 2
it
II 51 II
t
In " Ii 91
11 U 1I 211il
2n
91 2n 21 81
,l! iI Ih I t Ii
II'
'I 1 h\l
I ' 1,\
"" 2,\
2,\
21
n 12/
12/ ""I
For Detaill of Uped Endl. _ pagel 344 to 3 17 inclusive.
~tb of Upeet End. for \LIlt "'itb Right and Lefl NUll may be made one
[Deb lhol'Ur than the di~", given In eolumn hG" above.
." CA.1ll[BBIA STEEL .
CLEVISES.
:~
Dl&mete~ of Pin in InCh...
AFTER
, -:'Jo.
~:
,.
<.,.
-_Of> ~---".
L ,.
_.>..fI'
.:. 't' / ~~ .&~
I< -if:-
,. ~ k -It'-- ~ !, -,--i''-r-l,
-.- --.--
" ~ --IIf- .:
--1'--
--'F
L-_-"
CAMBRIA STEEL. 3"
~
i- ~ .;,
1 ~
.,i ~ ~ ~;1 ~ ~ ";I ~ "1
~ h
h '1 '1 j- '1
!:l ]~ It ]~
l' ! ~~ l' ~ j
~
~- -- -
.... "'- ,
'a --
~-
.
-- c--- " 'a ,. ,
~-
. --
" ...
'a 'a
-. .
~
- -- - ---
....n , .......... ......... ....... ......
~- ~- ~- ~- ~- ~- ~-
S ... l~ ~g
'.00
,~
'.00
U
.
'-'
..... .
..... . ...
"i~' ij.i
.. .. .. ... . ... ...... . .. ..
.... . .. ..
"iI:~ .
,
l~ '" ,..,..... ..."
'M
U .
... .. . ... .. ... ...... ..... . ......... '"
~ '. .... ... '" '" ...
,~
,.
.... . pj' ",;i'
.. .. .... ...... ...... .. ... . .... ....
'i~' . ao 'i~'
. ..... ' i3j'
......
:~ ,'" ..,
u
...
'-'
10.1
IU
14.0
, '" ... iB
. '",, . ... !~ ".
'" '" '"
'.
'M 10.0
'" . .. mm
V. ~. ,
'" I ~.O
.. ... ... . ... . .....
1M
Ig.O 'W
IU
,'-' M.'
mm . .'"
.. ......
.. ...
.. ... . ......... ......
.., m"'.
:~ .. ... ... . .... ...... ~
~
~
:~
n .
".,
.,.
00'
M.'
:~ ..... ..... .. . ... ..
31.0
" "
,," ....
M.' M' M3
, ... ..
"s""" i~ ... ,,.on.n.'M' ".",," .... ....,
00.' 1M n .
.. ... . ......... 1M .u
l~ .....
47.0 M'
.::. M.' gl.l
m... ::T:: ..... :' 12~
'" M.'
'M M.' IOU
IIU
(dF~ ",%
~1 1~------1J- ----- .....1f'i
8!TZg)'? ~rr. llo I
L_ 0 . !-
--
." . . . /
....... .-
JOID!..1
...,.... ....,.... .....,.......
..... .l.lI Thnad per Inch .
~
I~
... ....
-,
of ..~ of JIll "'-
,-
D G 1A1t .....
,~ ~
:~
!~ D+ili
+ ,
,!a ,,~~ '+
+ '
+~
, :~ t~::
:: +T
I
i~
,in
~
,ill :~
!a
, m
:~
~ !~~
+~',
+t
!a , :t"
,,:~ t~:
: +.
,!U mh" l~
+,
I
I
: +: I':
All""" ez~ for each eye ber packled on tile pt" ,
COLD ROLLED STEEL COTTER PINS.
L, a
_~
w
.
i.I .
A~ an, {...!A
Dlmenalona ot Pin In Inch...
... I I, I 'K I '~ I 'K I ' I 'K I '~ I 'K I ' I'K I 3~ 1 '" I .
_.
D~1l
D
Di'::.
of PIa.
:=
llll'iL
= . . . . --.---.----'- - --0--
oIlU.
- -0- - - -.- - - -.- - - -p-
,... ~
~
ot ht.
Di.:!.-
of ..t.
D III
nnM.
~
IIIoIW Pit..
bcUt.lDoMI.lMIooo.lMIo&bcUt.lIoMI..~~
I: I: li~!~
D_G _ /{'.
*~~====+
j---~ BOUND BAllI.
1
SQU.u B~.
~
""
,,~
,,~
o ",,~
!~ ",,~
,,~
"
L~
OkOk "
~
~
,,~
~ ' L--"A~.f.
f:::~~t'~ ~~::::1
:..... ..... -----20.,.; ' ;o..Q~j...,'" :.<-2 D.... --X- --..l
,- A T T
Mditionallm,th of ""'r beyond cente-rof pin n!quired to ma~ eye for tquall:
or JOund ~
::: t! 1
-I~---------f--'-
1i 1i It 2 I Ill: 2! 2t 3 3t
I 'I661 6f7t7+ n
8
fi 9~ I ~ Itt
9 10 tOt 1
9t lOt ti t 12
II IQ t3t W
12t 13l 14t
11331
15
IS!
I 8
8t
9 10 lOt ti t 121
14 15
14t 15t
16
16t
91 " I 12\
"I 15 16 "I
I
II
81
.... . . "
"I
"I " "I "I " 151
"I "I ""15I 161 161 171
16
I'
11 "
U , ,
"CO>, ~ ~ - -- ~OO,
: -. -r- - ---E-- -- :o.;:~ .O..; , -:
~--X- - ~~
, ... ~
T ......
T ...
""-f J)-.,....--~-
Additional ]c!lIth of bar b.!}"ond center of pin rcqu!~ to make e}'C for IQ""""
---........
or fOUnd 00 ...
"
21
211 221 231
22 221 "I
"I 251
~l "
27 26 ~I
20\ 261 27\ 291
11
11
201 211
21 22
221
221 m "I
"I "
"I 261 271 281 291
291
301
2 211 221 2-11 201 26 27 28 281 29\ 30'
iI2\ '"
22 22 23! ,,\ 25\
221 231 "I 251 261 28 29 30 ~I
261 271 281 291 311
31\
23
" " 25\ 26\ lit 281 291 30\ 311 321
U 24
231 "I 251
20
261
26126 gt ~l 29
29\
30 31
3<\\ 311 221 331
31 32 33
22 321
~I 29\ HI
2\ 241 "I 261 271 301
21 25\ 26 27 28 301 311 321 331
31 33 S4 35
8
31 ~t
261 271 281
27 28 29 30 ~I
291
301 31
1 !ll
31 331 341
32\ 33\ 34
351
30
271 ~l 29 30 1 "
281 291
it " 31 31 32\ 331 34\ 331
331 "I 331
361
27\ 28\ 291 301 311 321
For additionalle"llth rcqui~ to fonn uPSet tnd and dttai1anf osmtKt tabln
" S7
-
Ibn, Le.,.:t.hI -.nd .Appro:dm.to Jl'umbu per Pound
........
... 1 ....... . Jf f 1 :l
>I
1&
, -
" .
..
- -" . - - - -
.. .. .. ...
'"
I. .
...
. " 8;&
,.
I J~
. .. .. .. ..
- - -
I ! -j
... -
')
~a ....131.
II .113
,,, '"
10' 1m 131
~
., '"
. .. . .. ... . .. .
'"
. . . '" '" "
W '00 .13 . '10 ~ 'M ~
"
101 0
W 00
'"., .."
00
'"
In
"
In I" ~
'>I
,l~ .'" ..
''.. . . M "
M I"
.1"
...,.,""'''' .'00
, , .... ".. "".. ". ..... ....." "
.m u " ~ 00
U 00
'"
10 10 M
'" 0
" " 10
U
-
!&
j """:
I;f" I
..
--1-- - - - - - - - - - 1 - = - ' - -
~'!lll ' .=~.
E3 ii: j !i - - - ,.
: : btl tb.
I~
.. _I 1615
....... , 2077 714 , l~
" ~~ 50 82
1
"27r "473 ::::
+ : 1 :?:n4
'"'" 1'"
~~ 'is
'it! 23li ....
:~ :::r
1511. . . . 23li
100 ... l~
'" 52 1:
",>I"" i~ :~
3
..
12 2 5 & 0 $
~. ~ ~ :
H e .lft 4l
""
10'
314 II
3}i 10
23
22
.f(l
3(l
&2
4~
6
6
lilt
m 38
3(1
...""
SOl
4
.~
5
~~
t ]g 23 37
.. . . ..... .. ..... ....
.. ..... .....
............. ::::: ...... .
.225
3
2
. I
.244
:=
.2611
23
17
13
1~
'"
"" i ....."......... :::::: ::::: ::::: A !
:g :: ::::: :::::1::::: ::::: ::::f:::: : : :::: H 3
CAMBRIA STEEL.
11 12
,
~, !S
.
, , III
T hese approlllma~ numben are an av~ only. and the Ii","", !liven may
,~
be varied tithe. way. by coo ...... in tlte dirnenalons of beach or poInU. Brad.
and "...h.... d nal4 w[[[ ha~ m~ 10 tlte pound t han table MOW., and bo. ", or
t hickheaded nail. will have Ie!e.
6. OAMBRIA STEEL .
- .. --.. - -
Size., Lena1hi, I.Dd Approximat4 Humber per PouDd .
. .. ".
'"""
...
'"'"'
.. '"'"',..
'"'00
..
"00
'00
M
"
00 .." .. "0
,~
"
00 M
""
00
00
,,~
.........
~
.
"
.... ..
.. H
I: ::::: :::::.::: :::::::::1: .. ,
,~
- ...
,....
--1--+-+--1----------
,
.- t...(U.
1__
rw Grip. IiIr Grip.
n...
14G2
fiat.
..".,.. ..
"00
, ..." 2d
3d
I
I'"
1100
800
go)
7$0
-.
'H .. m' I-""---'-~'~"-i_'''''''-_:_~..''-
,~
,~
,~
,~
,
,~
I
'"". '"
...
..
"
00
N
.."
,~
2'~ "'T" "1
3 ::: .::::!": ... :: :
3~ ..... . , ...... "1"
3~ I.
CAMBRIA STEEL. ..,
SQUARE BOAT SPIKES.
.l.ppronmate l'I'umlHlr in ... Ie, of 100 Pound .
.
...
..... 1- ,
...
l.elllth of
7 .
Spih-ID~h" .
n ,. ,. ,.
, ..
" ,... ''''
""
"" "" ..,
"U ... ..... ..""'" ...... ..,'" ... '" ".
. ~
117. 00>
........
,....... ..........,..'.
Q......ti1l of Ipll.,.. Itilt of
IlUcLoI'nck. fiIIll.......
"Ita,.. fit.
....,...
"tiP',.. T.....
- .........
4
x'"
......
oro .......,""
XU
..., . ... -- ..."
.....
",xU
XU
"" "" ...,-- ..
..... ....""" ,,- ...
"'Xn allo
Xn
'" ""
...."" ,,- .
IJ.ijXA-
XU '''''
.. ,,-,,- ..
""
'" .-
3}iX}i
,,.. " m
X" ,...
1710
J..nw.
DIo.aooIor L. Iaru..
I 11Ierul. l la\onal.
.......
'If~1
-
~
,- , -
,.....
"
,....'
-
..... .,....
- ' ,-
.....
,
lIodo.lu.
Wiu
....
BUCK: OR. OllV.a.NIZBD STAND&B.D WlnOBT PIPE .
a
2
21
I.lJOO
I.lJOO
2.375
2.875
1.380
1.6\0
2.067
2.469
2.272
2.7 17
3.652
5.793
. 19
.31
.07
1.53
.23
.36
.56
1.00
.54
.62
.79
.95
3 3.500 3.008 7.575 3.02 1.72 1.16
31 ' .000 3.... 9. 109 4.79 2.39 1.34
,41
'.500 '.020 10.700 7.23 3.21 1.51
6
'.000
'.568
6.625
'.600
5.C7
6.005
12.538
14.6 17
18.974
lOA
15.2
28.1
...a,
' .2 1.68
1.88
2.25
7 7.Wi 7.023 23.541 46.5 12.2 '69
8 8.625 8.07 1 2-1.696 63.' 14.7 3.31
,
8 8.625
9.625
7.981
8.M I
28.554
33.907
72.5
107.6
16.8
22.4
2.94
3.28
10 10.750 10.192 31.201 125.9 23.4 3.70
10 10.750 10.020 40.483 100.1) 29.' 3.67
10 10.750 10.136 34.240 J37. 1 25.5 3.6!J
11 11.750 11.000 45.557 217.0 36.' .02
12 12.750 12.()9) 43.773 24&' 40.0 3.91
I.
12 12.750 12.000 49.562 285.4 44.7 '.38
13 14.00 13.25 64.568 372.8 63.3 4.82
15.00 14.25 58.573 <161.0 61.5 5.23
- l'
16.00 15.25 62.570 562.0 70.3 5.63
-- ---
STANDAltD ! :l:TIU. STRONO PIP!.
- - .406 .215 .3 14 .001 .006 . Jl
I I
.""
.67&
.840
1.060
.302
.423
.640
.742
.635
.738
1.087
1.473
.llJ).I
.009
.020
.().I'
.014
.026
.1Wl
.llS6
. 15
.2IJ
.25
.32
CAMBRIA STEEL.
DIMENSIONSr WEIGHTS AND PROPERTIES
..... ....
.- .......
OF STANDARD PIPE (COSTISClto).
--1
~Ia["'"
1.1onaJ. I "-,
......."kl
~
- '-...
,-, , ,-,
--
-
"'a
- ITANDUD EXT... STIlONG PIPE (CONTI>IU.D).
:t
2
1.660
1.000
2.375
1.278
1.500
1.931l
"9%
3.631
5.022 ."
.87
.2!I
AG
.73
.52
.61
.77
21 "875 2.323 7.661 Ul2 1.34 .92
3 3500 2.000 10.252 3.89 2.23 1.14
31 '.000 3.364 12.505 M8 3.14 1.29
'1
5
'.500
s.coo
5.563
3.826
'.290
4.813
14.(&
17.611
20.7i8
14.1
".7
' .3
5.'
7.4
IA8
1.65
1.84
7
8
6.625
7.625
8.625
5.761
6.625
7.625
28.573
38.048
43.388
40.5
7t.4
105.7
12.2
18.7
"'.5
2.HI
2.53
2.88
10
9.625
10.750
8.625
9.75
48728
54.735
149.4
212.0
31.0
39.3
3.23
3.63
II 11.750 10.75 00.075 280.1 47.7 3.98
I:! 12.750 Il.7S 65.415 liO.7 56.' ' .33
ITAND:&.aD DOVBLE kXT ... STROMG Pll'E .
1
I
I .840
1.050 ....
.252 1.714
2.4-tO
."" .""
.0"....
.110
.22
.28
I 1.315 .599 3.659 .I. .21 .36
:t
2
1.660
1.000
2.375
.896
1.100
1.503
5.214
MIlS
'.029
.34
.57
1.31
AI
.67
1.10
.47
.55
.70
21 2.875 1.771 13.695 2.87 2.00 I .84
3 3.500 2.300 18583 G.O 3A 1.05
31 '.000 2.728 22.850 9.8 '.9 1.21
'1 ' .500
5.000
5.563
3. 152
3.580
4063
27.541
32.530
15.3
22.'
33.7
68
0.0
12.3
1.37
1.54
1.72
5 38552
,
7
'.625
7.625
4.897
5.875
53.160
62.079
00.3
107.5
I ".0
28.2
2.1lS
W
8 8.625 6.875 72.4U 162.0 37. 2.76
..
, CA MBRIA STEEL.
""""
IIlSl,OO
,.
,,,.
7M.40
41UO
"".00
IM.IIO
~.~
ro.n
4Ul
~
IU8
IU7
.
11.31
'.00
..'.n
'.00
~
",
,. '"
,~
1.i7
,..,
'.N
'"
,.~
, .~
,.~
.00
.N
OA.M.BRIA STEEL.
MANUJ"ACTUURS' STANDARD SPBCIFICATIONS.
Re VISED APR IL 21, 19 14.
STRUCTURAL STBBL.
----
Ladle .I.n.aI,.ln.
4. T o det"",,'''''' wllet.ber the material conIornu to tile ""Iuiremmu
.peci6ed In ..c1.ion 3, an analyU .... U be made by ,be manufactu...,.- f rom I
test I""" IIkm dut! ... the _tina of each "",II. A OOI>Y of ,",, analrsi1
IIIaIl be liven to tbe ll<I~l"Iastr or II .. repteM1luu!v-e, if reqUeltt<J.
Chec;lI:~
-
Properties Co""ld~.
Co'" Co'" CI .... C
---
5t...!. 5t""!.
os..e lCCtion 8.
---
f
- 0,
s... .celion
" ---" - --
Yield Point.
7. The yield DOint .hall he determined by the drop of the beam of the
\.e!Itinlc machine.
M Odll'leatlon In TenaU, Strelll'tb.
,.
C.... B It""l may have l<!nsile .t~ath to 70,000 lb. madmurn,
"'
provided the ekmplion i. not lela than the perOl:ntage required for 6.'1,000 lb.
temile I tretli/th.
Modt1l.catlona In Elonaatlan.
,. (., Fnr material over ~ in. In thicltneoJ. a deduction of from the ,
peroent.a~ of elongation in 8 in. o!"",ified lor CJa..eo A and B in totctlon 6
,hall be made for each inc...,.",of ~ in. in thick ....... above ~ In.,IO a minimum
", 18 ~r cent.
(h) For ma.teriaL und~r /r in. Ln thickn~. a deduttion of lUi from the
~...,.ntaille of elonption in 8 in. oJ>"Cified for CJa..eo A and B in ....:tlon 6
,haU be made for each d~ ", of n in. in thick ....... below -h In.
Character of Fracture.
".
BInd Telt..
All broken teMion tell IpecimeM . hall &how a silky fractu~.
11. (a) The test specimen plates , sha pCI and ban Ahall
'"'
00,"
t hrouth ISO det. without lractu~ on the outside of Ihe bent portion. as lollow.:
For material ~ in. and u"der in thickneso. fiat on itself; lOT material OVeT
"'"'
'i in. up to 1~ in. in thick ..... around a pin the dia,neter of which I. equal
10 l }i times the thick".,.. of the l pecimen; and for material over l~ in. in
thkl:ness, around a pin the diameter of which" equal to t,,loe the thiclt.1IHI
of the lpe.:imen.
OAllBRIA STEEL. 367
(b) T~ tal. .pedmen lor plnl aDd roUe ... llball \)I,nd cold th""'a:h
ISO d .... around a Iin. pIn without fracture on t~ oul.llde 0( the bent pon.ion.
(c) A rivet rod .hall bend oold through 18(l d .... nat on IUotlf wIthout
fra<:ture on the outaid .. 0( the \)I,,,t portion.
(d) Bend ttl'" may \)I, made by p<c<>ure Or by biowi.
Tilt Specimen..
12. (a) Tetl!Jion and \)I,nd ttlt wed"", .... hall 1M! taken fro", the finished
roIkd or lorpd product, aDd .hall not \)I, attDtaled or otherwbe trtaltd. uapt
as .peci/ied In ICCtion 13.
(b) Temion and b....d tat epeci_ for plata. mapao aDd ban.
Ua:'lIt .. ollKilied in para,raph (c), mall be 01 the lulllhlo:~ 01. material
.. rol~, and with both eda:ee mUied to the form and dlme ... iono lhown In
FiI:. I. or may have both ed.eII pllruUd.
,;
I
ioo, - - - .uouT3~___";
:t
o
.f! ........... . . . .-;
'AA.-\~uo:tt<IlI"
, ,, .----+-----\1" ;<' - - - .
i----------i
,~ ",kl,,:"l.--t:""'
;t,~.~,:, 'j,':"~~
;.G
,
:
-0
I,------L---1
!
~--e--.;
:... __ _. ______ ...... .. - -. __ AIOU'f 18::: .......... -- --- -- --.---- ...:,
(c) TenDon and b....d tallPI'CilDetl!J for p!ateland ban (U~ t)"f>-bar
f1ata) over iJ.i in. in t~ ordWm-~r may be lumed or plaoed to a dialMUcr
or thkk_ of at leut ~ In. for length of at l..,all9 In.
(d) Teruion and \)I,nd teet IPl'Cimtnl for pinl and roLlen wll \)I, taun
pa.raLld to the axis, I in. from the IUrface of the har. Tenlion tell opedmcno
.halL 1M! of the form and dimellllollll .hown In Fla:. 2. Bend ttlt ,peelm.,nI
IhaLl be lin. by J1 in. In _tion.
FIG. 2.
(e) Rivet ba.. 1hall be ItIt.td In f~ action .. rolle<l.
". CAMBRIA S TEEL.
Number of T elt.o.
14. (a) At ~t on" leMion tMt and one bMld tenoMllbe made from ~ch
melt. If material from on" m"lt diff" ... ~ in. Or more in thick ....... teou .hall
bt made from both the thick ... t and th" thinnest mater .... l rolled.
(b) II any test 'llofi:im~n d""~I0",, fbwI. or if an gin. tetuion teot
llpecimen break~
ouU/.id" Ihe middle third of tim gaR" IffiJlth. or if a 2in. t~n
.ion test 8pecim~n break!; ouuidc the &<Ii" length. it rna}' bt diocarde<'! and
another opecimen .umtiIUl"'! the....t'or.
(c) Matf!.ial intf!nded 10. flUe ... o. oruam~ntal pu"",,",," will not be
lubject to lell.
V . FUfISH .
Flnlah.
IG. T h~ fin;"hed ma teria! Ihall be I"", fro", injurious defeo::II ... nd 01 ... 11
have a ....... krnanJik" fini.h.
VI. 1IIlA.1UtING.
Markilll'.
17. T he name O>f the manufacture. and t .... melt nu",~ lhall bt loaibly
l
ma rked . tamped or rolled upon all fin;"hed ",aterial, ua:[>t tl~u ea<:h pin
anoJ roller aMll be "tamped ou the end . Riv", and lattla: ettoel a nd Oth".
amall piea:. may be .hipped in _ur~ly fa.tf!ned bund~. with lhe above
m.. rb 1~lIibly ltamped on attach...! "..,u.1 tap. T _ .pecimen& lhall hav"
ll~r melt numbe ... plainly ma.ked or .tam[led.
BOILER STEEL.
Orad...
I. Thet'e ahan bt th_trW .. of.l<!t:L for bollM-l. ""-",,,I,: !la,,,", Ii",,,,,,,,,
and boLl rivet.
I . lIUNttI'.l.CTtJU.
Proceaa.
Elt<amu~.
....,.
~'lanKe Firebox
""'.
""'.,
"'",.
Ri~
Man."......,. ~r U!nl . 0.30 to O.GO 0.30 1.0 0.50 0.30 1.0 0 ..';0
l'hoIpborul. max .. ~r ~nt.:
&aile ...... 0.01 ,.'" O.lH
"'''
SuLphur. IIIU.. pet ctnt_
,.'" 0.01
,GO '0.(1.15
.GO
'"
4. T o detenni"" "'het~ lbc ma\Ctb1 confo ..... to the requ;remmu
,.,...:;I/itd In teetion 3. an anal}'1l1ll ... n bt made by the manufaclu",. from a
teIIt InlOt taken duri"lll the ""udn. of ... eh mell. A copy of Ihll anal";.
oha LL bt liven to the purchu". or hI, "'p......,ntat;ve.
Checlt:~OI.
Tilid. Point.
7. Tbe yield point lhall be detennined by the drop of the be2m oflbe
teltlna- machine.
Modllleo.t1ono In B10ncl.t.I0D .
s. (I.) For platel ow." 't in. In thickntlf. I deduction 01 0.1> from tbe
lpeclficd percenuop of elonp.tlon ",01 be I.IIooftd for each I...,...,...., oJ. J.i In. In
tbk:~ I.bovt ~ in .. to I. minimum 0120 I)t' etnt.
(bl For nblN under 1\ in. in thick.neM. a deductlon of 2.5 from tbe
t>tmonuop: of wnptlon lpecltied in -=tion (I IIh:IU be made for each dO'CftUO!
of n In. In thick_ below 1\ In.
BInd T .. u.
O. (I.) Coldbend leota Ihall be made on the material II roUtd.
(b) Quench-bend tat IpedmtnlJ, bd~ b<:",.l Inl. I hall be heated to I
111M cherry red ... ftCD In lbe dirk <about 1200 d.,... F.). and Q.uenct..d In
.... ter the ~mt>t""lurc of wblch iI.bout 80 d .... F.
(c) St>tci"""", for cold-bend and Q.umch.bmd teluof /\anle and 6",bo"
lteellha.tI bend th""'lb 180 d.,... wilbout fractu'e on tbe ouuKle of tbe bent
portion. u foilow:l: For materil.! ~ in. and under In thkk.neM./\at on them-
Itiv.. ; for material over '" In. up to l}( in. in tbk.~. around a pin tbe
diameter 01 whkh ;1 equal to the thkk_ of tbe lpecl~; ond for material
over I X in. in thickntlf, around .. pin the diameter of which;, tQ.ualto l Ji
tim .. the tbic~ of the Ipedmen.
(d) SpecimtnIJ for coIdbend and Q.utll(h-btnd teIt.I of boiler rivd
Hetl aha]] bend eo1d th"",.11 180 de . fbt on tbemoelVft without ltactu", On
tbe outakle of tbe btnt pOrtion.
{el Bend tnU may b<: made by P'--'" or by bIoon.
OAMBRIA 8TEEL.
Telt Sp"elment!.
10. (a) Tcnoion and ~nd telt IPfi:im""" for plalH Ihall ~ tak~n from the
tinWled product. a nd "hall ~ of the full tllickness"f material a. rolled. Ten-
aion teot IPfi:imc"," ,hall beof tile form and dime""ion. Illown in Fia. I. ilend
leol 'Pfi:lme"" Illall be 1~ in. 10 2~ in. wide, and Ihall lIave the Iheared
edaes milled or planed.
(b) Tile tenolon and ~nd teot lpecimen. for rivet ban Ihall ~ of Ille
full-";.e ICCtion of material a. rolled.
Number of T ..,,-.
11. (a) One tenSion, One coldbend, and one <Iuench~nd teot ollall ~
made from eB(h plo.te a.!I rolled.
(b) Two tenl!inn. two cold_~nd. and Iwo <Iuench_~nd \ ...u ahall ~
made fnr ... cll melt of rivd .teel.
(c) If any telt .pecimoen develops flaw . nr If a temlon teu opeclmen
b<eab ontside Ih" middle tllird of !.he iiage \enllth . it lOay be di.ocarded and
anoth ... IPfi:imen SUbstituted therefnr.
V. FINISH .
Flnab.
13. T~ finlslted material Iltall ~ f= from injurious ddecl.l. and ollall
lIave a workmanlike tinUh.
VI. MAJLDNO.
Markin,..
14. Tile "",It Or .lab number, name of the manufacturer, grade. and the
minimum u,"";le otrenllth for iu grade," lpedfied in leetion 6 .hall be leaibly
ltamped on each plate. The melt or .lab num~r Ihall ~ leitbly stamped
on each tell specimen representin!! that melt or slab.
PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS OF
SHEARED PLATES.
(a) One cubic inch of rolled steel is assumed to weigh 0.2833 pound.
(b) When ordered to weight per square foot. the weight of each plate shall
not. vary from the weight ordered. more than the amount given in the following
table:
-----~----------------------------------
- - -- ----- - - - - -- -- - -
Under 5 6 4 6.5 4 7 4 8 4
5 incl. to 7.5excl. 5.5 4 6 4 6.5 4 7.5 4
7.5 10 I 5 4 5.5 4 6 4
I
7 4 8 4
10
12.5
12.5
" 15
I
"
4.5
4
3
3
5
4.5
3
3
5.5
4.5
4
4
6
5
4
4
7
5.5
4
4
15
17.5
u
17.5
20
" [ 3
3.5 2.5
2.5
4
3.5
2.5
2.5
4
3.5
3
3
4.5
4
3
3
4.5
4.5
3.5
3
20
25 I 2.5 2.5 3 2.5 3.5 2.5 3.5 3 4 3
2.5 30 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 3 2.5 3.5 2.5
30
40 and over
40 I 2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
I 2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
I 2.5
2.5
2.5
3
3
2.5
2.5
CAMBRIA STEEL. 373
PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS OF
SHEARED PLATES.
(a) One cubic Inch of rolled neel i .....umed to \\" e i~h 0.2833 pOund.
(b) When ordMed to\\"ei~ht pte. lQuare foot. the \\"eight of each "lalC .hall
not vary from the \\"cight ordered. more than the amount ,iven in the following
tabl~:
Under :;
, indo to 7.~eId.
ro 17.5
... "
...
" " " 40 and o,'er
Ill
(c) When ordered to gage, the thickness of each plate shall not vary more
than 0.01 inch under that ordered, and the over weight of each plate shall
not exceed the amount given in the following table:
Ordered Gage
48 in. 60 in. 72 in. 84 in. 96 in. 108 in. 120 in.
132 in.
Inch. Under incl. to inel. to inel. to inel. to inel. to inel. to inel. to
and
48 in. 60 in. 72 in. 84 in. 96 in. 108 in. 120 in. 132 in.
over
exel. exel. exel. exel. exel. exel. exel.
------1-- -- -- -- -- --------
U nder Ys. 13 15 17 20
Ys inel. to -h exel .. 11 13 15 17
!. ")4 " 10 12 14 17 20 23
)4 " !. 8 10 12 14 17 20 23 26
-h II% 8 10 12 14 17 20 23
% " to 7 8 10 12 14 17 20
to " Ys 6 10 12 14 17
Ys " % 4 10 12 14
%: " 1 3.5 4 10
1 and over .. 3.5 4 8
C AMBRIA S T E E L. 37.
the upper dotted line indicate. the limit of deflection for the kind
of wood for which t he deflection coefficient is given, corresponding
to a modulus of elasticity of 500 000 pounds pe r square inch,
which . hould be considered in cases where the deflection should
be more closely limited.
The coefficients of deflection for Cedar corresponding to moduli
of 700 000 and 350 000 may be obtained by multiplying those
of the table by and respect ively, and for Spruce and
Eastern Fir corresponding to moduli of I 200 000 and 600 000 by
mu ltiplying those of the table by t and t respect ively.
The full zig.zag line in the tab le gives the li mits of the safe loads
corresponding to th e a llowable shearing stress a long t he neutra l
axis of the beam. The safe loads above the line, which are based
upon the extreme fibre strains, ..... iIl produce shearing stresses
along the axis or with the grain in excess of that allollo"able, which.
in the case of White Pine and the other woods of this table, is
100 pounds per square inch.
The position of this line, which indicates the limit of safe loads
(or shearing a long the neutral ax is, was dete rmined by the aid
of t he following formula:
w _ 4bds
, 3
in which
W _ safe load in pounds uniform ly distributed.
d _ depth of beam in inches.
b _ breadth of beam in inches.
" _ allowable shear in the direction of t he grain in pounds per
square inch.
8h of the length of the beam. Values above the line will give
less deflection than this, and those below will give greater, based
on a modulus of 1 200000 pounds per square inch. Similarly,
the upper dotted line indicates the limit of deflection correspond-
ing to a modulus of elasticity of 600 000 pounds per square inch.
The full zig-zag line across the table indicates the limiting spans
and loads based on the allowable intensity of shearing stress along
the neutral axis of the beam. The values above the full zig-zag
line correspond to shearing stresses greater than the allowable
stress in the direction of the grain for Short-leaf Yellow Pine,
while those below the line correspond to shearing stresses less
than that allowable, which, in this case, is assumed to be 100
pounds per square inch.
Explanation of Tables of Safe Loads for Rectangular
Beams of White Oa.k and Long-leaf Yellow Pine.
This table is computed for an allowable fibre stress of 1 200
pounds per square inch, for flexure, and the deflection coefficients
are calculated for a modulus of elasticity of 1 500000 pounds per
sq uare inch.
The limit for a deflection of 8h of the span is indicated by the
lower dotted zig-zag line on the tables, the values below which
correspond to deflections greater than, and those above to
deflections less than, the limiting deflections. The upper dotted
zig-zag line similarly indicates the limits of deflection for a
modulus of elasticity of 750 000 pounds per square inch.
The lower full zig-zag line indicates the limit of allowable
shearing stress along the axis corresponding to the allowable
intensity, for Yellow Pine, of 150 pounds per square inch.
Similarly, the upper full zig-zag line indicates the limits for
shearing along the axis for White Oak based on an allowable
intensity of 200 pounds per square inch.
BEARING AT POINTS OF SUPPORT.
Care should be taken in designing to provide sufficient bearing
at the points of support so that the allowable intensity of com-
pression across the grain, as given in the tables on pages 381 and
387, is not exceeded.
This may be obtained, where necessary, by the use of corbels
or bearing plates of harder wood arranged so as to give a large
bearing area against the softer beam.
CAMBRIA STEEL.
.'"
The following !!Itatement!!l are made in Bulletin No. 12, U. S.
Department of Agriculture, Division of Forestry:
RECOMMENDED PRACTICE.
"Since the strength of limber varies "ery greatly with the
moisture oontents (~ Bulletin 8 of the Forestry Division), the
cconomic:aldesigningof such structures ,\'ill necessitate their being
IICparated into groups according to the maximum moisture
contentl in use.
MOISTURE CLASSIFICATION.
"Class A (moisture contents, 18 per cent.)-Structure!!l freely
ex~ to the weather. such as railway trestles, uncovered
bridges, etc.
"Class B (moisture contents, 15 per cent.)-Structurcs under
roof but without side shelter, freely exposed to outside air, but
protected from rai.I!, 5uch as root truS9CS of open shops and sheds,
covered bridges over streams, etc.
"Class C (moisture oontents, 12 per cent.)-Structures in
buildings unheated, but more or less protected from outside air,
luch as roof truS/5eS of barns, enclosed shops and sheds, etc.
"Class D (moisture contents, 10 per ccnt.)-Structurcs in
buildings at a ll times protected from the outside air, heated in the
winter, such as roof trusses in houses, halls, churches, etc.
"for longleaf pine add to all the values given in the tables,
except those for moduli of elasticity, tension and shearing, for
ClaM B, 15 per cent.; for Class C, 40 per cent.; and for Class D,
55 r:r cent. For the other s~ies add to thCIIC values, for Class
B, r,er cent.; for Class C, 1 per cent., and for Class D, 25 per
cent. '
n.." upon the above classification of structures, t he two
following tables have been figured to facilitate calculations of
allowable loads for wooden beams and oolumns.
Proportion of the Values given in the "Tables of Safe
Lo&da for Wooden BeUDI," Pages 388 to 893 inclusive,
to be used in order to obtain the Safe Loads for the
various cla.saea of structures referred to a.bove.
"'- ttUo. , .
"'.....
CIaSIJ A ........................... 1.00 1.00
CIaSli B ........................... 1.15 1.08
C1aSll C .......... , .............. . 1..fiO 1.18
ClaSIJ D .......... , ........ , ..... t. 6i) I...
8.0 CAMBRIA STEEL.
Class
Class
Class
-
A ....... .. . . ....... .. . .. . ..
... .... .. .. .. .....
B . .. ..... .
... . .. .. ..
C . . ..... . .. . . .. . .
ytllo .. Pi ...
0.20
0.23
0.28
-
"'- 0.20
0.22
0."
Class D ... ...... . . .... .... . . ... .. 0.31 0.25
-
--
.-
WhiteOak .. ..... . . ... . .. . . ... . . ..
I 0.80 .fo9.94 4.16
White Pine . ...... ........ . . .. . . . ... 0.38 23.n 1.98
Southern Long.leaf or Georgia Yellow
Pine ............. . ... .. ..... . .... 0.61 88.08 3.17
Douglas Fir. ..... . . ....... . .. . . .... 0.51 81.84 '.55
Short-leaf Yellow Pine ...... . ... . .... 0.51 31.84 '.55
Red Pine (Norway Pine), . ...........
S~ruce and Eastern Fir ... ... . . .... .
1- emlock .. ....... ....... ... . . .. ...
0.50
0.40
0.40
31.21
M.97
M.97
,.,.
'.50
,.,.
Cypress ... . .... . . ....... ....... .. 0.46 28.72 2.39
Cedar . . ... . . . . .................... 0.37 23. 10 U3
Chestnut .. . .. ... .......... . . . . ..... 0.66 -41.20 3.-43
California Redwood ....... . ... . . ...
California Spruce . . . ..... . . . .. . ....
0.39
0.-40
M.tS
".97 ,.,.
2.01
-
The specific gravities and weigh ts given above are the averages
of a large number of determinations by variou~ authorities, for
..... oods containing less than 15 per cent. of moisture or l uch as are
commercially kno..... n as dry timber. The weights of green Of
ulIsca!iOUcd woods ..... ill be from 20 to 40 per cent. greater than
thO!ie given in the above table.
OAKBIlIA STEEL. '8'
SAFE UNIT STRESSES POR TIMBER.
RECOJ.UIEr."DED I N BUllETIN No. 12, U. S. DEI'ART),IENT OF
AGR ICULTU RE, DIVISIOS Ot' FORESTRY.
Safe UnIt Itnua at 11% Moiatur
-
760 143
630 180
880 167
650 115
700 '"
..
200
Bendllll'.
" .
""... '"""'-
. ....''''
= ~
-
LiJUl
,...,.
bphl ...
---- - -
.... ,
- - - ----
"'r.
--- ---
~r.
Long.leaf P ine(PinusIGrecn ...... 27.6 3734 6140
l~al\1stris). Air Seasoned HI. 2 3091 5749
Douglas F ir (p seudo-IGrecn ...... 33.2 3008 5983
tsuga Taxifolia). Air Seasoned 17.3 4563 6372
Short-leaf Pine (Pinus1Grcen ...... 46.4 3237 554S
Echinata). Air Seasoned 15.lJ 4675 6573
Western Larch (LarixIGreen ...... 51.3 3324 4948
Occidentalis). Air Seasoned
Loblolly Pine (Pinus Green ......
T:eda). Air Seasoned
17.9
34.4
17.9
3563
3040
3517
"'"
IiOS4
611S
Tamarack (Larix Lari - Green. 42.0 2813 4556
cina). Air Seasoned 21.5 3730 5498
Western Hemlock (Tsuga Green ...... 47.6 3510 5200
H cteroPh~a).. Air Seasoned 17.7 4398 6420
Red wood ( UOIa Scm-Green ...... 87.5 37GO 4472
pervircns). Air Seasoned 20.9 3442 3891
Norway Pine (PinUSIGrecn ...... 49.0 24112 3864
Rcsinosa). Air Seasoned 15.7 4069 IlO54
Th.. above uble DteeeuU the a""Tage ~\I!U <>f an ""l<'u.ive ecritl <>f taU
on ottuctural tin,bers a. conducted by lhe United Statn ~'OfMlIY S.rvic:e
and pllbli~bed in Bunetin 1'10. lOS. lssuOO SepU'mher 23. 1912. M3nyeng;neer.
inJ handboob and other Dublkaliono dealing with timber Quote ~ults of
I... UO made only on amall tlloroUGhly ....... ned .ped,,'en. f .,., from def:u.
Such "lIu... may be from one and one-half to two ti""", as hit;h a s .t.........
developed in iarge limben and joilUl.
The above labulatio ..... with the """"]>tion of th"'lO" in fjMI ooIumn headed
Shear. ~re balOed upon tesuo of otructural ei ... timben having .uch udecto
as ,,,.., ordinarily to be found. The "Shear" rolumn values. Owing to tbe
method of telting. were obtainM from omaU specimen. and it will be ...... n
that ttle sheari"" strf:S8el develo/:l are nlnch hllOher than the calculated
.hearing . t _ in beam. that fa led by horizonlal .hear. The difference io
doubtlHl dtle to the fact that on a<:>unt of checu and .hakeo. tbe actual
area re.i illf!; .Ilear ia like]y to be much L_ than tbe <:aleUlatM area U..M in
the formula for horizon!:>] .hear. Sin"" 1"'lIe timbo:n almon in""nabi}' form
cbecb durin!!: _lIOnlnl. It i. OOt oale. in dffigni"ll timber beam to use
.h... ring 81.-- higher than tbose determined for beam. that faUed In hori-
zontal shear.
CAMBRIA STEEL.
AVERAGE TESTED STRENGTH VALUES OF
STRUCTURAL TIMBERS WITH ORDINARY DEFECTS.
:S endln&'.
Iod..lu
llutioilJ.
---
..... ......
=....
I...uo..1al
.S!.I ..u_
Comprlulon .
llMIi.iIJ .
-=10 Gtili.
Shu...
---
9
spoa:_J .
- - - - -- . - - - - ""'.
LWl
,.... .
por So{. 111.
--
L~t:" tr: t~
100II Lbo.
porSo{.!o. ".,. ""ro'
". II.
- -- - - - - -- - --
1463 353 3480 .800 .. .. . ... 5(l8 973
1705 272 34SO 4800 ...... 572 984
1517 166 2770 3495 1414 570 7M
1540 221 3271 4258 1038 630 822
1473 332 2460 3435 1548 351 7<>1
1726 364 4070 6030 1951 700 ll3ii
1301 288 2675 3510 1575 '50 700
1487 340 .... ... 5746 . . .. 597 005
1387 335 2050 20'0 548 500 630
1487 .34 3011 .202 1206 055 1115
1220 201 2400 3230 1373 ..... ... . 668
1341 200 ""0 '320 1351 ........ . 879
1445 288 2005 3355 1617 .3. 630
1737 307 4840 5814 2140 473 0"..4
1042 302 31 .. 3882 1240 '34 742
890 . ..... . ... ... . .270 ...... .. . 525 671 .
1133 232 2065
= 1002 ........
.... ... ..
589
I
1418 278 3047 4228 1367 1145
The avera"" for the bendine _ u a", I ll<! ","olu of t ... u on limbe ... .-aOline
in crou IeCtioo from 4 by 10 inches to 8 by 16 incl>eo . overa 15-ft. .pan.
A com pan..n of til<! reeulu of t esu on air _ ned material ",jlh th~
DO 1 ""'0 maleTial ahow. tha t. in lIeneral. aU of t he m""hanical t>ro~tiH a",
i~~ by IleaSQniog. I ncrease In I I.!e"llth of wood lib"" due 10 dryinll.
u.. in til<! caMe of large timb<! .... lal"l"ly off.. t by a wealu:niog of the tlmb<!r
due to the fOmlation of ch<:cks. If the moi . tn", contento( a -..oned timb<!r
I. increaoed . It lotes U",ulth rapidly. and if thorou~hly _ked "'it" wate r
,,ill bea>me al iJIhtly w... ker than when I=n. On th" account. it i. not ... fe
in pmctioe to depend u/::n any increaoc: of U Tenlth in timben. due to oeaJOll'
ina:. When. however. r~ beams a", _ ned with ordinary care. it i. oafe
to a Mume that t!teV a", not w""k~r than ...!teo 8,..,..n.
OAMBRIA STEEL.
-
,,..
-- :::.. !!:.:
......
~~_
....
b _
I"JI.. ""'"
~J
S~arI"I'.
s.Jo
#w":t. Scz-.
1 SIIoUiI.
--
'-'UuW!
I......
InIbl&It.
.....
~
I&Jo
T he .bo..... table ,iv.. tt.. uh.lmate .nd _I~ unlt ,u_ , .. I~ for atruttunol
timber ., adopted by tbe American Railway Enlll....,ring and Maintenance
of Way Aseoclatlou, U!>On ~mmendatLon of their Commluee on Wood~n
Brld~ and T~tleI . Conv~nt.loll of I~; .nd publIJIwed in the Almc:ll.lIoo:,
'"Bulletin ~o. 107."1909. &nd "' Manual." 1911.
T h~y . tate that tbe "'orklnll unit ,tr_ lIi".,n In this table an: intended
for nl.Urwd brid,,,, and u .... tl... For billhway bridJ[n and treotl ... the
unit .tn:.e. may be ino:rraoed twmtylive (2::1) ~ . CC1It. For bul1dlnp
and tl",lb. 'tructll~. in ,..hleh the \i",ber i.J proteCted fro'" the ""e>.the nd
practically free from im(act . th~ unit . t . - - may be inc~ fifty (60)
ver cent. To co.nl)ute the ddl~tiou of a booam und~r Jonll conti"","", loadlna
i ... tnd of that wben the load II lint applied. only filty (60) ~r Otnt. of the
co ......pOndinl mo(lIdlil of ~la&ticity IJh'en in u..: tabLe. II. to be e ml)io)-ed.t
T ho! aafe unit .t....... 9I"t:~ d~t~rmln~d by ca~fully considffl"l both tho!
avtrare ultimate .t.--, ,..hlch feDreKnt th~ belli _ult" now "vaiJabl~. DO
....,1\ III th~ unlt ,tretRS whkh have ~n in uoe in deli,n;n, .........ten b.IdJel
and t~tLe., and have bten dtmo ... tfllted by utentlve J)nIoCUct to be ... f~.
t Timber hu no _ll-ddinN modulu. 01 ~b.st;city.-ED.
CAMBRI A STEEL. ."
UNIT STRESSES FOR STRUCTURAL TIMBER.
(E~ ....d In PoundJ per Squue Inch.)
-
T h~ relation betWttn tbe atrelllltb of the Lowen 10 per ~nt. aroup of USla
and the average Itrellllth fo r each .eri"". tbe relation betwel'n tbe elanie limit
and the ultimate .trenatb. as well .... the ract tbat tbe H\o"e load .treson are
nOt to be increaoed for impact. are all 1.0 be laken into aCC"Ount in deter..,inlnll
tbe ~neral ... lation betw""n the ... fe Itretll and the ave~ Ultimate .t..... ;
it being al".,.ys ... membered Utat It Is mOre rational to ...1:>.te tbe ""Ie unit
ave. to the elastic limit of tbe material tb:o.n to ila ultimate It"'lIj;th.
As lar~e col nm"" not O\o"eT 15 diameten in lenatb may not develop mOre
than 70 per cent. of the Itrenllth of short blocu. the column formulas are
arranged to Ilive appro~imalely tbeooe relative vain.,. at the lliven Hmit of
lengtb wben L. the lenilh of Ihe column in inch.,.. equal. 15 tim.,. ila lea't
d~~meter D. 01 ... expreued in inches.
Tension .
Tension.
Kind of Timber.
With Grain. Across Grain.
Willi Gr&iJL
IDol Jeoriq.
.-
c..:._U.....
....
-
l a _ r:illn .
..."" ..,.
1l&aid1J
Willi ....
.""-
---
7000 .000 2000 7000 1500000 800 4000
MOO 3000 700 4000 WOOOOO 400 '000
7000 .000 .400 7000 1500000 BOO .000
0700 4500 800 .000 HOOOOO .00
SOOO 4500 .000 SOOO "00000 400 '4'000'
.000 4000 800 .000 1130000
SOOO 4000 700 4000 "00000 "400" '8"60:()
.. 4000 BOO 3.00 900000 300 2500
6000 4000 700 .000 900000
"400" 'iiioo'
MOO 3000 700 4000 700000
..
..... . .. ..
4000
4000
900
BOO
.000
4500
.000000
700000
BOO
400
'000
....
4000 ... ... .000 "00000 ...... ... ....
WIoW(.
"ilk &nUL
........ ,.......
Iliiaa. -
l a _ rilln .......f
1lulit1ly.
"illl
'nQ. .-....
I i... fiT" ,_. fu. ... ,_. ---
,-. ---
HOO .000 .00 "00 750000 200 .000
noo 700 '00 700 .00000 '00 .00
HOO .000 300 "00 750000 150 12liO
noo 900 200 800 750000 '"0 'iOOo
900 250 .000 sooooo .00
'"00
'000 800
800
'00
200
800
700
. . .000
sooooo ioo
.. '''I'li'O'
"00
800 150 BOO 450000 .00 BOO
"' 1000" 800 800 450000
noo 700
'00
200 700 300000 . ioo" " 400
.... ... . 800 250 800 .00000 150 .00
800 150 750 300000 ...
800 ... . 800 sooooo ...'00
.. ...
'"Strenith 01 Bri,jlte and Tlftt'" T imr..n'" ollhe A.odadoo of RaU,,-ay So~.
October, 1&:1", bu.~ tbe a.n:a0ltemcnt a.nd values In many CII-IIeI are DOW mooif,..t
... CAMBRI A STEEL .
,,< -"
, ."
U.
, 'M
1.<'0
.,0
""'"
2M
,m
" ,-"
H
.... 4.12
<.n
"""
...'"
'"~
.~
~
"" '" ."
"n " '"
on
'"
"" "on
'" 13.13
"" '"'''' 14.20
"."
,~ 15.31
""" lU&
17.1WJ
"" ...." 18.110
20.\8
"""
"'"
" ""
"."
" ''"
CAMBRIA STEEL.
UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED
BEAMS ONE INCH THICK
AND SPRUCE OR EASTERN FIR.
Modulus of rupture 4. 200 pounds per IQllare Inch.
"
.
22 '8 24 V
.. ,,~
"
4571
...
4973 '.m
2.10
'"
".."" 'm
'"t.l2
.." ..n
..
u
...
OJ,
.."
"
~
'"' 1115 ..., "M
'"
."".
1414 ''''
1481
"
~
U"
,&, 1711
...,
"" 10.1 6
~
U "" "" ,
"" "n
""
HOI
... 1714
,.., ""
11.11
12.l0
.. .....
un
~
"" "'" 13.l3
~
" ""
1152
"'"
1310
.
"'''' ""
""
u~
,"" lUI
~
" ""
"" ..
""" ""
1419
1371 ....'M' "
lM6
...
17.66
.
" '"on
..
M
"" '" '" .., ""
. .."
.."" m.00 '""" '," ... ""
'" '" ... '" "" ..
.., 'OM
,reo 1149
"
31.0'
" '"
.90 CA:r.{DBIA STEEL.
Pool ~~~I2.I~~~~~~~ V
t 4- I..!!! I.~.l~!. 1778 H!.O 2778 $SIl l 4000 46l).l MH .40
6 SM I'$M' 800 110$9 ; 1422 1800 2m 2G8II S:II)) ' 7M 'MIl .83
8 2iIij':' 41131 O61 1 1i07 1ii&'I"60011852 :l241 *7 3130 se.3O .110
7 ~ " 3ii1m 118"1iiir 1 28(I pm~I~1 n&I 2683 3111 1.23
II
II
10
196 301 f 4" ' ~
178 Z78 400 -~~'r_])1_, m IIl1
I
222 at7 r-600': 081 1m IIIZS 1389 "68i I -liiili ~~. t722
790 1!XX) U3Ii 1404 177812086 : 2420
IM4 11500 t...!!!! -;;7~-
I.IKl
2.ro
:u.o
4~ M8 ~ 518 1(lIO
I
II 162:W U4 1222 14M I 1707..!!!!. 3.03
12 148 231 333 4$4. 5Q3 -7i.O ~ V2& 1120 1333 15115 1815 UK)
13 137 214 J08 4,g 647 1m :8M 1034 1231 . 4 1876 U3
14 127 1118 28(1 m 501 6f3 1. -ii4-: 1160 1143 IMI I.IM Ul
15 Ili 185 267 3Q 474 IlOO 741 ' -.~ ! IDS7 1ZS2 1-&52 U3
18 IlL 174 250 MO 4U t.6S IMH 8fO "iOCiO ; 1174 1:M11 8.40
17 106 1$\ 2M 320 US m 11M 791 lUI: 1105 1181 733
18 W 1M 222 3(l2 3~ 00) 817 747 88$ ;'ifHj-; 1210 8.10
Ii 04 1... 211 287 37. 414 $86 1118 &12 988 'ti4S' un
20 89 139 l!OO , m s.5e 4W 5M 812 800 lI3'iI 1089 10-00
21 85 132 1110 2511 sao 4t\1 $2$ MO 7112 894 1037 11.(13
22 81 I'M 182 241 323 40t 605 811 121 8.l-I ~ 12.10
22 n 121 174 231 301 3QI .sa M.\ M 816 1U7 13.22
24 11 6 1112 227 2ge 375 463 MIl flel 182 1107 14.40
~ III 1&1 218 284 300 ... f>38 810 751 871 1&.iIJ
2G 107 1M m 274 U8 427 ~11 615 m &8 16.110
" loa 148 202 ~ :m 412 496 1>93 e96 917 18.22
28 IMI 143 194 2M 321 391 oIBO 511 6il 778 IQ.&1
2$ ISS 188 U5 310 3SS 4M 5.i2 618 7~1 21.03
3(l 133 181 237 300 370 448 533 S2e 726 22.ro
31 12$ 178 229 29() :ISS 013( 618 !J08 703 24.03
~2 125 170 m 281 U1 420 ~ $1 IIS I 2:i.eo
33 121 165 21$ m 337 oi07 f8$ UI9 Geo ".23
U li S leo m 2M :m 396 HI 652 MI 28.110
M-,__,--,c'e" -"~~"""~U"cc"'e''-''"'~U''cc~'"~-'''""-'''",c-
S.re ""'<Ill lor any lib~ Itress may be readily obtained lrom t.hiJ table by
proJ)01'tlon.
CAMBBIA STEEL. 391
UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED,
BEAMS ONE INCH THICK,
YELLOW PINE.
Modulus of rupture 6 000 pounds per Iquate IDCh.
New llafe load _ Safe load from table X N ~~ ~
.......
~
...
0
,. ,.
Depth ot Bo.... in In~he .
OooII<i .. ,
V
17 .0 21
" 23 24
..
>0
H
0
"'. ...7111 0",
"" ~
H
.... ~
..
H
' .M
.."
"""
..
".,
. . ...
,m
.." " " .,..
om >0"'
.
,."
"" ....
2116 "m
.
~
~ "", ....
"" .... "" ....
""
~n
""
""
12.10
13.23
l UO
"" "" ,.,. ..., ""
... .,,"'".
lU3
"
~
"" "" llro
2177 .."
.."
~ 1147
..,
""
1$.110
"
.
1215
" . Uti
n",
......'" . 30."
.." .".
1114
>0,'
.
Safe loads for beam, 0( California Redwood, ~ of above.
392 CAMBRIA STEEL.
..
, .~
1M
"
.."" ...
'.ro
,.~
' .ro
"" '.M
..
G.1 4
~
""" 1.18
OM
~
,,,.
'.ro
"n
~
11.62
12.70
" ,"..,
....
,on
"...
""
20.18
21.00
OM
,.""..
27. 74
C.A.MBRIA STEEL. 39&
UNIFORMLY DISmmUTED,
BEAMS ONE INCH THICK,
LONG-LEAl' YELLOW PINE.
MQ(!uhlll of ruptun: 1 200 poundll per "luan: IDCh.
Koew ale looad - So.le la:l.d from table X N .... ~actor '
....... Depth of B _ in In(:hol.
..--.....
V
""".. ........
, .~
""
"
...."'" ... ....
... ...
M
IGU2
"" 3.4G
"..
... I:: 1 "
.... ..m
"
""
"'"
"" ....
3137
..n ...
"'" "'" ".,. """" ....
18 m
" "" IU'
~
"
"" ""
11.82
,,..
12.70
"""
,... .... ,,..
""
""
""
." -.
"
"~ " .
20. 18
....
""
"" ''''
.
"''''
"33 on,
..
'''' ""
,''''' ''''
",.
1416
1816
.. ..
,,''''.... , ,..,
"
."
21.110
2$.14
21.74
. 1101
"ro "''''
1375
,.., , "'''
.. .. ..
"...
...." ... ... ,... "'M' ,""". ,,""... """" .......... "
,~,
"'" '''' lUI , "" SUO
1014 11 31 '''''
" ''''''''
"" ''''' '''' ''''
Sate Ioada!or bel"" of Hemlock. J.i" of above.
r 94 C AlI![BBtA 8 TEEL.
......... .......
,
r
...~ 1AaJ-a.t
T6~
.000
:c.:,
lfl.... Piu.
4000
.... -.
WI'lM (lonI,r Pmo),
...::l ...
<000
...
t;"- .........
"'.-
~
Olll
3000
'if
2 4 973 4475 3978 3481
4940 4446 3952 3458
4897 4407 3918 3428
7
6
4844
4782
4713
4359
4304
4242
38715
3826
3770
3391
3347
3299
8 4638 4 1 74 3710 3247
10
4558
4474
4102
40 26
8646
3579
3 190
3132
11 4386 3948 3509 30 70
I. 4297 3867 3438 3008
3785 3365
,.,.
4.206 2944
"
I. 4 114 370 3 3291 2880
4022 3620 3217 2815
3930 3537 314<1 2 751
17 3838 3455 3071 2687
,. 18 3748
3659
3373
3293
2998
2927
3624
2561
-
For Al'ety f:KtOrJ for varlotu; eI:aJes of tUUetUNI to' be ueeclin COIIlIeCtioIl with
the .bo~ cable, tee Po 380,
OAMBRI A STEE L.
w
nilt Oo.t
1M~4Mor ......
:n::.. 1ir ~ ..
.... PtD.(l_~
, .~
.......
Y1oII1 Pial
"
20
21
3671
3486
3214
3137
2867
2788
2500
2440
22 3402 3061 272 1 2381
23 3320 2988 2656 2324
2. 3240 2916 2592 2268
2. 3162 2846 2529 2213
26 3086 277'7 2469 2160
27 3013 2711 24 10 2109
28 2941 2647 2353 2059
2. 2872 2585 2298 2010
30 2805 2524 2244 1963
32 2677 2409 2142 1874
3' 2 557 230 1 204.6 1790
36 2445 2200 1956 1711
38 2340 2106 1872 1638
40 2241 2017 1793 1569
42 2149 1934 1719 1505
46
48
2063
1982
1907
1857
1784
171 6
1650
1686
1525
1444
1388
1335
50 183 5 1652 1468 1285
For oaf,",-y facto.. for varlOlUl cla_ el structUreI t.o be oaed in c:oru>e<:tIon with
the ..bo~ table. ~ p. 380.
396 CAMBRIA STEEL.
The Basis for Specific Gravities is Pure Water at 62 negrees Fah., Average A.verage
Wc'~f: ;~~."e
Barometer 30 Inches. Specific
Gravity.
Weight of One Cubic Foot, 62,355 Pounds. W.ter=1. Pounds.
,......
a. IOlt flowing mud. . .... I' 104 to 112
a. tolt fIowin, mud wen
110 to 120
,..'"
Elm, perfectly dry (_ note p. 399)
"
Flint.
Gla ... Z.S to 3.IS ...... . 2.98
'"
.. common window .
G nelsa, commOn. 2.62 to 2.76 ..
2.52
'.00
""
'"
.. In Iooee piles.
'" 00
Gold. cast. Pn .... or U ka",!.
.. pure. hammered.
G ranite, 2.36 to 2.SS ............ , ... ,.
Gmvel. .
19.258
19.5
2. 72 ....
I
","
""
'"
Greenstone. tmp. 2.8 to 3.2 ..
Gy~um. p~t~r of Pario. 2.2.1 to 2.30.
'.00
,."
''""
111.0
I
n, Iuia lor s,otilt G,uili. it hn .......1 &2 ..... 1q.,
a...-30b.~ ..
.,
.....
"....tlo.
Y.i.I:~1
I OoiiorOlil.
11.38
""
700.6
Lignumville (dry). .M-I.33 41 to 83
Limestone and marble ............ .
Ume. quick .. , .. " ............................ . ".., Hi-I.4
"
Mahogany, Spanish, dry (..,. note p. 399) ..
.. Hondur:u. dry <oe<: nole p. 399)
Maple. dry (_ note p. 399) .......
...
.S>
." .,"
~
Oak. live. per{""tly dry ..S8-I.02 (..,., no~ p. 300) . . . .95 ro.,
.. Red. Black. per{""tly dry ................ . 32 to 45
'""
Syaomo ..... I"'rfectiy dry (_ IIOte btlow) ..
Shal.., red or black. 2.4 10 2.8. . . . .......... , '.6
Silver ...
Slate, 2.7 to 2.g. ,.
10.11
'"
bltoDe, 2.M to 2.8
Stfd.. . .................. . ,...
2.73 '"
,m
....,
Sulphur,
,,_.
Tar ....... .
...
'.00
1.1/1
...'" ,
1 1.7
T ip. CUI, 7.'110 7.~. '.M '"
\Valnlli. Black. I"'rf""lIy d ry (...., note ~1o'I\'). .61 38
Wal~r, J}U", rain, dil!lILed, a l 32 d<'lrcn F . Bar.
30 Inchel ........... GU I7
al 62 d<'lrcn F .. Bar.
3011ICheI .......... .
at 212 de&:fftll F .. Bar. ".=
,..,
_, 1.026 10 1.O3O ...~ ~~:'. ... . '1:628'"
M.'"
Zinc or ~Iter, 6.8 to 7.2 ........... '.00 U 7 .1\
......
-..........
Welht per 3quan Poot
.......
""'- 1pprotilwo
""'-
ill POUlllD,
un .
~flIIrdUJ)O.Is.
.......... .........
.... ..... ,
StilL.
.r
~ .... """-
per Clbi. Pool. per Ca.1>ic Pool.
-....
.032 4-126 (n H .81280163 1.30156
~a6 9 -2M ..91440183 >.4. 1.4688
MO 1- 26 1.01600203 '.60 1.6320
9 -200 1.14300229 1.80 1.8860
~'O 1- 20 1.27000264 '.00 'MOO
~ 11- 200 1.39700280 ..0 '=<0
~60 3 -60 in-l 1.62400306 '.0 ' . . .0
.. 0-"
~ 13-200 '.60 2.6620
.070 7- 100 'BO 2.8660
.076 3-40 3.00 3~600
.080 . .0 32640
~ 17- 200 340 3.4680
.030 9 -100 2.28600467 3 .60 8.6720
.oa6 19-200 2.41300483 3BO 3.8760
.'00 1 -10 2.64000608 400 4.0800
.110 11-100 2.'794OO61S9 440 4.4880
.126 >-B 3.176006a0 6.00 fi.lOOO
...
.1311
.1Im
.'60
~oo
27-200
3 -20
33-200
9 -110
H
3.42900686
3.81000'762
4.19100838
4.(;'7200914
6.08001016
6AO
6.00
6 .60
7~0
600
6.6080
6.1200
6.'7320
7~440
8.1600
~'O
MO
. .0 ....
ll-liO
6 -211
11.(;8801118
6.0960HU9
6.8110012'70
8.80
9.60
10.00
8 .9'760
9.'7920
10.2000
OAMDRIA BTEEL. '01
. 126
.109376
.Q9376
~.
.078 126
.0703126
:8g~~6
.04316
.0376
.034376
.03126
.028126
~"
.021876
.01876
:8ltij~tll
.0 140626
.0126
02 OAMBRIA STEEL.
,- -
Welcbt per IIquue Foot.
....
0000
000
_642 .460000 18.'1680
16.7184
.8.4000
16.3867
20.8380
18.6 668
.
19.6880
17.632 7
00
0
.364796
.824881
14.8837
13.2543 ........
14.6918 16.62113
14.7162
111.6138
18.9041
-
1 .289297 11.8088 11.6719 18.10(;2 12.8819
3
..2117627
.229428
10.6112
9~"'"
10.3061
9 .1769
11.6706
10.8929
11.0264
9.8198
8.1723
._....
..204607 8.8367 9.2661 8 .7448
, .181940
.162023
.144286
7-4232
6 .6106
6.8868
7..2776
....
6.7714
8.2419
7.3396
6.6361
7 .7870
6.9346
6 .1764
9 .128490
.114423 .~
6 1396
4.6769
6.8206
6.1834
64994
4..8973
10 .101897 4 .llS?'4 4.0769 4 .SUi& 4.8812
11 .()90742 3.7023 8 .6297 4 .1106 3..8838
1. .080808 3.2970 3.2323 3 .6606 346 86
13 .071962 2.9860 2.8786 3 .2699 8~00
l'
18
~~.
.067068
2.6146
2.8284
2 .6634
2..2827
2.9030
2 .68 62
2.7428
2442 6
1. .0110821 2.0736 2.0328 2..8022 2 .1'7111
.04626'7 1.8466 1.8103 2.0601 1.93'70
"
1.
1.
.040303
.0311890
1.6444
1.4643
1.6121
1.43116
1.8211'7
1.62118
1..'72110
1.6861
.0 .031981 1~040 1.2'784 1.44'78 1..8879
.028482 1.1612 1.13811 UI893 UU82
.S
'1
.0211346
.02211'72
1.0341
.92094
1.0138
.90288
1.1482
1.02211
1..0848
.96608
". .020101 .82012 .60404 .91~8 .86032
.,.S .017900
.016941
.014196
.012641
.'73082
.611039
.11'7916
.11111711
.'71600
~'64
.116'780
.1101164
.8108'7
.'72213
.64303
.117264
.'7661 2
.6822 7
.60'7611
M103
.011211'7 .45929 .411028 .0994 .48 180
..
30
31
3"
34
3.
.0100211
.008928
.0079110
.007080
.006308
.0011616
.40902
~642
..82436
.28886
.26'724
22902
niR
.22460
.411413
.40444
..86014
.32072
.28662
.26436 .24032
3. .006000 20400 20000 .226110 21400
8' 004488 .18168 .1'7812 .201'72 .190119
38 .003966 .161'7'7 .16860 .17961 .169 '70
8' .0031131 .14406 .14124 .15995 .1 6 113
40 .003144 .12828 .125'76 .14242 .18456
-
For wt:lilhu of auel pbta
of Flat Rolled 8a",." pa~ 4
R: and440oVffloolllive.
to
io thlclmell. lee " Table of Wellht.
CA.Ja[BRlA. BTEEL. <0.
..- ......
-
0000
000
00
0
,...
...
AM
A"
~.O
240
200
-
18..1S232
""'"'"
ll1..1S04O
13.8720
"..00
We~ht
....
lS.16
"00
ll1.20
13.60
12.00
...
per Squu. Foot .
.
20..lS662
19.2l12l1
17.2140
ll1.4020
13..1S900
.....
.......
19.4312
18.1900
14.till20
.2MOO
,
.....
2.0 8.9760 8.80 9.966 9.4160
7 203
.180
8.28~
7.3440
8.12
7.20
9.19l19
8.1l140
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4 OAMBRIA STEEL.
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CAMBRIA STEEL.
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SQUARE AND ROUND BARS.
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36.521
36.717
I 469.4 368.7 1 38.06 108.43 36.914
II 474.4 372.6 1 39.64 109.69 37.110
I 479.5 376.6 141.02 11 0.75 37.307
II 484.5 380.5 142.50 111.92 37.503
.,6 CAMBRIA STEEL .
n_.
One cub ic inch of steel weighs 0.2833 lb.
.....
-
.
~~-
......
nlok_or
,-
"tipt"
0" 0"
1I'qkl fI.
o..JJd.Lu(. o..'odrot.r.
2 1. 13 .S.
... ...... ... .. , ... 1.21
Y
I.
0
.01
... ... .... ..
........ X
1.28
1.36
.9'
1.01
1.07
I
t
.02 .01 1.43 1.13
1.52 1.19
I.
.03
.04
.05
.02
.03
.0'
t
I.
1.60
1.68
1.26
1. 32
i
II
.0.
.11
.13
.07
.0.
.11
I.
~
1.86
1.95
2.05
1.46
1.54
1.61
l .22
.25
.1'
. 17
.20
V
II
2.34
2.44
1.84
1.92
! .36
.40
.2'
.28
.31
Y
I.
2.77
2 .88
2.18
2.26
I 2.99 2.35
t
.44 .3'
.38 3.1l 2.44
t
I.
.4.
.54
. 8
.42
.46 I.
3.23
3.35
2.53
2.63
! 3.47 2.73
t .64
.6.
.50
.54 I. 3.60 2.82
~
.75 .5. 3.72 2.92
~ .81 .63 3.85 3.03
! 3.98 3. 13
1
.87 .68
.94 .73 4.12 3.23
II
1.00
1.06
.78
.84
V
II
4.25
4.39
3.34
3.45
CAMBRIA STEEL. ',7
SQUARE AND ROUND BARS.
t
3.67
!
4.6B
4.82 3.79 10.63 8.35
... 7 3.90 10.85 &52
i 5.90
6.06
6.23
6.39
4.63
4.76
4.89
5.02
i
I
12.20
12.43
12.67
12.91
9.58
9.7 7
9.95
10.14
5
i 6.56
6..,
8-73
7.0B
5.15
5.29
5.42
5.56 7
1It 13.15
13.39
13.64
13.88
10.33
10.52
10.71
10.90
7.26 5.70 14.13 11.10
! 7.44
7.62
5.84
5.99 t 14.38
14.64
11.30
11.50
11.70
t
7.81 &13 14.89
f &00
&1.
8.38
6.28
6.43
6.58
15.15
15.41
15.67
15.94
11.90
12.10
12.31
12.52
t t
8.57 6.73
&" 6.88 16.20 12.73
& 7.04 16.47 12.94
9.16 7.20 tI 16.74 13.15
i 9.57
9.78
9.99
7.52
7.68
7.84
1It 11.29
17.51
11.85
13.58
13.80
14.02
41. CAMBRIA STEEL.
-........
(CONTINUBD. )
OM lack 100.,.
......
..u-_
..- Ok
Yoia:~ 01
0"
0.. lack tq. OM lack LMr.
! I
20.77
21.06
21.38
21.69
16.31
16.55
16.79
17.04
+ H
f
31.61
31.98
32.36
32.74
24.82
25.12
25.42
25.71
H 22.00 17.28 H 33.12 26.01
f 22.31 17.53 33.51 26.32
H 22.63 17.77 A 33.89 26.62
.
t 22.95
23.27
23.59
18.02
18.27
18.53
11
t
34.28
34.67
35.06
26.92
27.23
27.54
h 23.91 18.78 I, 35.46 27.85
+
24.57 19.30 36.26 28.48
1h 24.90
25.23
19.56
19.52 To
36.66
37.06
28.79
29.n
! I
2 5.91
26.25
26.59
26.93
20.35
20.61
20.88
21.15
To
I
H
f
37.88
38.29
38.70
39.12
29.75
30.07
30.39
30.72
27.28 21.42 H 39.53 31.04
V
H
27.63
27.98
21.70
21.97
I
H
39.95
40.37
31.38
31.71
,
OAMBRIA STEEL. U9
.-
iIIlD/k. '
'l'oirkl "
0'" 0 '"
0.. 1.... ' - '. ODt locIo ~ .
40.80
.-
I.
o..lIQ~",
72.53 56.96
'Woirk1 of
0 "
On< 1IQ \.oar.
"I 41.65
42.52
32.04
32. 71
33.39
I 73.67 57.86
74.81 . 58.76
I 43.39 34.08 I 75.97 59.66
,.
II 52.59
53.56
54.54
55.53
41.31
42.07
42.84
43.62 18
I 88.01
89.26
90.52
91. 79
69. 12-
70.10
71.09
72.09
I 56.53 44.39 I 93.07 73. 10
I 57.53 45.18 94.36 74.11
I 58.54 45.98 I 95.66 75. 13
I 65.89
66.97
51.75
52.60 I 104.99
106.35
82.45
83.53
84.61
I 68.07 53.46 I 107.73
69.17 54.32 109.12 85.70
II 70.28
71.40
55.20
56.08 I 110.51
111.91
86.79
87.89
2. CAMBRIA STEEL.
.-
........
...... [f'~
",.!pI 01
0"
o..lMlo u.,. o...lIIrl """co
.......
.-....
",
d;.;' "flcklol
0"
o..tN 100(. OM I.... LoDe.
I 127.93
129.44
100.48
101.66 I 180.63
182.42
141.86
143.27
184.23 144.68
t 130.96
132.49
134..03
102.85
104.05
105.26
I 186.04
187.86
146.11
147.54
! 135.57 106.47 ! 189.68 148.97
I 140.26
141.84
110.15
111.40 I 195.22
197.09
153.32
154.78
....
ruo-.
bI_
Cf~t
Oao ,_totr
......" 01
0 "
Otoo la<k LoIC
........
"-
III,ac.
...tlpl of
O lar
I . O.ti(~lar
IlMbdo Loar. l)a.beH..",.
If
I
235.02
232.15
234.18
182.32
183.91
I 301.56
303.87
236.83
238.65
236.22 185.52 I 306.20 240.48
246.56
190.37
192.00
193.64
I 313.22
315.58
245.99
247.85
3 17.95
I 248.65 195.28
I 320.33
249.71
251.57
..I
250.75 196.93
I 252.86 198.59 I
322.71
325.11
253.45
255.33
I 263.55
265.72
267.89
206.99
208.69
2 10.39
I 337.22
339.66
342.12
264.84
266.76
I 270.07 212.11 I 344.59
268.69
270.63
31 272.27 213.83 35 347.06 272.57
274.47 215.56 349.54
I
274.52
276.68
278.89
217.29
219.03
!I 352.04
354.5,1
276.48
278.44
I 281.12
283.36
285.60
220.78
222.54 II 357.05
359.57
280.41
282.39
I 287.85
224.30
226.07 I
362.09
364.63
284.38
286.37
.
42. CAMBRIA STEEL.
......
""'- 1" Ii" Ii" It"
'" -21"- -lIIi"- - - -U"-
2t"
'n
,t
.063
.1"
.078 .09' .109
.150 .188 .219
.1" .141
.260 .281 .313 ....
.166 .112 .750
1.50
,I
.188
.260
.234 .281 .328
.318 .375 .'88
.375 .422
.600 .563 .'" .516
.625 .688
'.25
3.00
.313 391 .... .547 25 .703 .781 .85' 3.75
! I
.375 .469
.'38 .647
.600 .625
.563
.656
.750
.656
.766
.875
.875 ....
.750 .M' .'38 I.IX!
1.09 1.20
1.00 1.13 1.25 1.38
...0
5.25
'.00
.563 .71X! .... ....
1.13 1.27 1.41 1.55 6.75
,..
1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 '.00 2.25 2.50 2.75 12.00
In 1.00 1.38 1.59 1.86 2.13 2.39 2.66 2.92
1.41 1.69 1.97 '.25 2.53 3.09
12.75
1111 1.13
1.19
1.25 1.66 1.88 2.19 '.50 ,..
1.48 1.78 '.(ll '.38 2.67 2.97 3.27
8.13 3.
13.60
14.25
15.00
In 1.31 1.64 1.97 2.30 2.03 2.95 3.28 3.61 15.75 ,
J.38 1.72 2.00 2.41 3.09 3.78
11
11
1. ..0 2.16 '.52
1.66 1.88 '.25 '.63
2.75
'.88
3.00
3.23
3.38
3.44
3.69
3.75
3.95
4.13
16.50
17.25
18.00
'.73
It111 1.50
1.63
1.69
1.95 2.M
2.03 2.4.4
2.11 '.53
3.13
'.M
3.25
3.88
2.95
3.52 3.91 UO
." ....
3.66 '.00 4.4.7
3.80
18.75
19.50
20.25
11 1.75 2.19 2.63 3.66 3.66 3.94 '.38 4.81 21.00
......
..... 3" St" St"
'" 4.1" 4.t" ' 1"
3t" 12"
- -- -- -- - - -- - - - -
.4" .... .'59 ... ."1 .... .... 1.50
.1" ... .... .250 .281 .m .750
.... ... .... .703 .760 :m ... ."1 m
n .21~ .2M
,I. .87'
I .750 .81S .87' .". 1.00 1.06 1.1S 1.1~ '.00
....I."
.938 1.02 1.09 1.17 1.25 1.33 1.41 3.76
1 1.13 1.25 1.31 1.41 1.50 1.59 1.69 1.78 '.50
'I' 1.31 1.42
1.60 1.63
1.53 1.04 1.76 I". 1.97
1.76 1>8 '.00 2.13 '.38.... '.25
'.00
1 1.59
tl ....
.... ,...."
1.63 1.91 2.11 '.25 '.63 1.67 6.75
....I."
' .03 2.19 '.50 ,.1 '.97 7.50
'.23 2.41 '.58 2.75 '.92 '.09 S.27 8."
I 2.44 '.63 2.81 3.00 3.19 '.38 S." 9.00
tl
....
2.44 ' .04 ,... ....'.05 .... s.n ....
S." '.56S" 9.75
:1 .... .......
4.69 1i.47 .". '.25 7.03.... 7." 18.75
Itl ." ....
6.69 '.09 '.50 6.9\ 7.3\ 7.72 19..,
II .... ..' .33..
6.9\ 6.75 7.17 7.59 8.112 ".25
5.69 6.1S 7.00 7." 7." 8.31 21.00
Itl ..'.09..," ....'.56 .so
5.44 7." 7.70 8.16 8.61
7." 7.50 7.'1 8.44 8.IH
21.75
22.50
,
1/
1/1
5.63
5.8\ '.78 7.27 7.76 8.23 8.72 9.20
'.00 '.50 7.00 7.50 8.00 8.50 '.00 9.50
23."
".00
42.
. CAMBRIA STEEL.
.....
...... '" 51" 5i" 5t" 6" 6i" 6i" 6\" 12"
-- - - - -
y
,...
- - - - - - - -I--
.313 .328 ....
.359 .37~ .391 .400 .422
.625 .656 .688 .719 .7" .781 .813
.938 .\184 1.03 I.OS 1.13 1.17 1.22 1.27
.., .7"
1."
,.25
I 1.25 t.31 1.38 1.44
I."
1.56 1.63 1.69 '.00
Y 1.56 1.64
U! 1.97
1.72
'.116
1.80 1.63 1." 2.03 2.11
2.16 2.25 I 2.34 2.44 ,2.53
2.52 2.63 2.73 2.. 2.95
,."
3.75
ly
Itl
7.81 8.20 8.59 8.98 9.38 9.77 10.t6 10.55
8.13 8.63
8.44 8.86
8.94 9.34 9.75 10.16 10.&6 10.97
9.28 9.7G r O.13 10.55 10.97 11.39
18.75
19.50
20.25
II
. 9.63 10.06 10.50 10.94 11.38 11.81
8.75 9.19 21.00
Itl
1/
Itl
9.38 ,
9.06 9.52 9.97 10.42 10.88
10.31 IG.78 11.25
9.69 10.17 10.66 11.14 11.63
11.33
11.'72
12.11
11.78
12.19
12.59
12.23
12.66
13.(6
21.75
"'."
2.3.25
2 10.00 10.50 11.00 11.50 ,12.00 12.50 13.00 13.50 ".00
OAXBRIA S 'l'EEL. ...
ARLl8 01' J'LAT ROLLED STB&L BARS.
--.,-
(COsnSUBD.)
,."
,...
.750
, ... .
t.lll
! '.00 3." " ,
' ..
2.27
.... L"......
,
2.58 3.75
. ,." 4.3.
t.91 '.00 S.III '.50
3.17 3.2. '.50 UI .25
I '.50 3.75 ,.88 '.00 4.18 '.25 6.00
'.94 ....
Y <.3. .. "
.... ... .... .... ...,
.... <.1 6.75
..,
4.6.
If ,... .... '.63 '.33
4.81 5.16 '.67 ,... '.Il! ....
'.00
'.50
5.81 '.00
5.16 \.81 5.47
6.19 6.38 6."
7.50
9.00
,... ,...
~
,II '.66 ...
6.13 6."
6.00
6.56
7.03
7.00 7.25 7.50
.W 6.50 6.70 6.91
6.78 7.00 7." 7....
7Z1 7... 7." 7.W
7.75 ~OO .25 ' .50
7.11
7.66
8.25
8.75
9.75
10.50
11.25
...." .."
"00
'n 7." 7.70 7.W 8.2, 12.75
1+
7.88 8.16
8.S1 8.61
8.75 '.00 9.38
9."
9."
",.......
15.00
15.75
16.50
17.25
1+ 18.00
:y 18.76
.....
19.50
:~ 21.00
:~
t l.75
,
'II
"n25...
".00
426 CAMBRIA STEEL.
Thiokness
in Inohes.
9" 91" 9i" 9i" 10" 101" 10i" 10i" a"
-------------- ---
to .563 .578 .594 .609 .625 .641 .656 .672
1.13 1.16 1.19 1.22 1.25 1.28 1.31 1.34
.750
1 1.50
h1. 1.69 1.73 1.78 1.83 1.88 1.92 1.97 2.02 2.25
4 2.25 2.31 2.38 2.44 2.50 2.56 2.63 2.69 3.00
2.81 2.89 2.97 3.13
Y
n
3.38 3.47
3.94 4.05
3.56
4.16
3.05
3.66
4.27
3.75
4.38
3.20
3.84
4.48
3.28
3.94
4.59
3.36
4.03
4.70
3.75
4.50
5.25
! 4.50 4.63 4.75 4.88 5.00 5.13 5.25 5.38 6.00
9
16 5.06 5.20 5.34 5.48 5.63 5.77 5.91 6.05 6.75
5
1f 5.63 5.78 5.94 6.09 6.25 6.41 6.56 6.72 7.50
*3 6.19 6.36 6.53 6.70 6.88 7.05 7.22 7.39 8.25
;;; 6.75 6.94 7.13 7.31 7.50 7.69 7.88 8.06 9.00
'.,
,......
"""- 11" 11t" 11t' , 11," 12" 12t" 12t" 12t" '5:g.
.a~ X
- -I-
.688 .703 .719 .m .750
-- - - - -I - - -
.766 .781 .797
.,"
j.2X
gg;;;
1.38 1.41 I... t.47 1.50
,.'" 1.53 1.56 1.59
,." "j;
I~!
2.2.1 2.30
+
1
'.06 2.11 2.16
2.75
'" ..8 2." 3.00
3.44 3.52 3.59 3.67 3.75 3.83
4.13 '.22 4.31 4.41 '.50 4.59
3.06
2."
3.13 3.19
3.91 3.98
4.69 '.78
a:g 11
:E.~<
.;.
;
4.S1 '.92 5.03 5.14 5." 5."
5.50 5.63 5.75 5.88 6.00 6.13
5.47 5.58
6." 6.38
~~
;xn
-"
~~.-
,
t1
6.19 6."6.47 6.61 6.75 6.S9 7.03 7.17
6.88 7.03 7.19 7." 7.50 7.56 7.S1 7.97 ;il"~
7.56 7.73 7.91 8." 8." 8.42 8.59 8.77 ~o ~
8." S.44 8.63 S.SI '.00 9. 19 '.38 9.56 ~~:
It
8.94 9.14 9." '.55
9.75
'.63 9.84 10.06 10.28 10.50
10.31 10.55 10.78 11.02 11.25
9.95
10.72
11.48
10.16
10.94
11.72
10.36
11.16
11.95
'",.'
,--
:::l!~
-~ ,
1In1 14.44
15.13
14.77
15.47
15.09 15.42 15.75 16.!lI 16.41
15.SI 16.16 16.50
"17.19
16.73
17.53 I<;-~
ij] '-
.;
t;
15.SI
16.50
IS.17
IS.88
16.53 ".8817.2.1 17.61 17.97
17.25 17.63 IS.OO 18.38 IS.7S
18.83
19.13
~~
",sol: :I
-5:sx i
II. 17.19 17.58 17.97 18.36 18.75 19.14 19.53 19.92 :;<';J~
" ..
1\ 17.88 18.28 18.69 19.09 19.50 19.91 20.31 "'.72 ~ ".,tt
... '"
III
1\
18.56
19.25
18.98 19.41 19.83
"'."
to.S7 21.09 zt.52
19.59 20.13 20.56 21.00 2t.44 21.88 22.31
,-s.
IS -a;,ss
... 0 ...
III 19.94 20.39 20.84 21.30 21.75 22.20 22.66 .g:+
21.09 21.56 22.03 22.50 22.97 23.44 ~:II
II
lit "'." 22.W
21.31 21... 22.28 22.77 23." ".n 24.22 24.70
.91 "'13 e~
~!~~
2 22.00 ".00 ".W 24.00 24.w 25.00 25.W
r
CAMBRIA STEEL .
.- --
y;,tll ' 0. 11,
.OUlo. .IIUIL
-- --
k~
-- ----
...... -......-
I I. 17.
--
' o. liI.. I .. IS.
.mlL ..... ..... --
r.. 14. ,. ~ ,.~ I .. It.
J"IL .taI I...
--
I
}!
II
.038
.040
.1142
....
.036 ...2 ...9 .055 .061 .1)71 .IllI .09' .100
...,
...7
.052
.055
.059
.059
.062
.066
065
.069
.073
.075
....
.079
.036
.091
.096
...
.1"
.110
.IIll
.115
.121
.m ....
~ ...,
.1145 .052 .062 .069 .10t .116 .128
.1>17
.051
.055
.057
.060
.065
.066
.071
.073
.016
.1179
....
.036
.008
.09'
.097
.101
.106
.11 t
.116
.122
.127
.133
.134
.140
.147
t .". .062 ,(174 .008 .092 .106 .121 .189 .153
.056 .065 .077 .036 .096 .ttO .1" .1" .t59
U .058
.060
.066
.070 ."'.008" .1190
.1193
.1199
.103
.115
.119
.131
.136
.151
.166
.166
.m
n .062
.065
.073
.07. ...
.036 .097
.100
.107
.11 t
.123
.128
.141
.146
.162
.166
.179
.185
H .067
.009
.079
.n
.,.,
.092
.1196
.1"
.107
.115
.119
.132
.197
,151
.1"
.174
.1"
.191
.198
....
I
t!
.071
.07'
.0'/6 ...
.Ill<l
.1199
.100
.105
.ttl
.114
.m
.122
.126
.130
.141
.146
.150
.162
.167
.172
.185
.191
.197
.210
.217
II .079
.Ill<I
.091 .I1ll
.111
.121
.124
.134
.138
.1"
.159
.177
.182 ... ........
.203 .223
I
.09'
.008 .096 .114 .128 .142 .153 .197 21
.1185
.Ill'I
..,.
.1199
.100
.117
.120
.123
.131
.135
.198
.145
.149
.153
.168
.172
.176
.192
.197
200
"" .....m
.24'
.22!l
.232
I .I"
.091 .107 .1" .142 .157 .181 .207 .237 ."1
H .1194 .1119 .129 .1" .161 .185 212
.'" .268
...
.096 .112
.115
.132
.136
.148
.152
.104
.168
.190
.194
217
.222
.249 .27'
.281
ij
.2.\5
.100 .117 .139 .172 .IIll ZZI .261 .287
.1"
.",
.103
.105
.107
.120
.122
.125
.142
.145
.148
.159
.162
.166
.176
.ISO
.184
203
207
>I,
.232
.237
.242
.'66
.272
.m ...
.300
OAMBRIA STEEL.
WEIGHTS OF FLAT ROLLED STEEL BARS.
Pou.n!U per Lineall'oot..
One cubic foot of . led ...eli"" (89.6 ruund ..
For t.h!cI<neaes frora if inch to " incb and wldtb~ rom}( Inch to 1 incb .
......
..... \' ll' II' h' II' It' II' I'
-- -- - - - -'"
- - - - - - - - -- - -
.'"' ...,
.053 .060 .063 .066 .073 .100
i
.()56 .07' .07'
.066 .071 .076 .079 .091 .095 .100
.100
.09' .'"'
.099
.090
.105
.095
.110
.100
.tlS
.105
.122
.110
.128
.tts
.134
.120
.139
I .100
.120
.113
.12'7
.120
.134
.126
.142
.133
.149
.139
.151 .I"
.104
.153
.172
.159
.179
n .133
.146
.159
.141
.155
.IS9
.149
.104
.119
.168
.173
.189
.168
.183
.189
.114
.192
209
.133
.201
219
.191
.210
.109
.219
.23'
l'! .113 .183 .194 ."6 210 .227 .237
.",
.248 .25'
l'l .186
.199
.198
.212
.209
.224
.221
.237
.232
.24'
.244
.261 .'"
.2'74
.26'
.m
.279
.299
I
.'" .'"
.213
.239
.24'
.254
.23'
.254
.26'
.252
.W!
.284
.266
.282
.299
.279
.209
.314
.292
.310
.",
.""
.325
.344
.319
.33'
.36'
.""
*It .""
h
.252
.27'
.m
.282
.".
.310
.284
.'"
.314
.329
.300
.315
.331
.34'
.315
.332
.34'
.365
.331
.34'
.'"
.383
.34'
.365
.383
..4'"
.363
.882
.401
.."
.379
.398
.418
.438
II
I
."5
.319
.""
.33'
.344
.36'
.365
.'79
.882
.'98
.401
.418
."
.438
.439
.458
.468
"78
.332 .36' .374 .394 .415 .436 .451 .47/ .498
ItII .345
.36'
.36'
.381
.398
.4@
.410
.." "32
.448
.453
.471
.415
.493
.496
.515
.518
.538
.379 .395 .418 .442 .4" .488 >II .536 .558
.385
.'"
.409
..., ...,
.438 "81 .606 .53<)
..."
.OM .5711
H .'98
.412
.423
.431
.448 .413 .498
.515
.523
.54' .566
.573
.592
.,.
.598
.618
.
! . .426 ." .4711 .505 .531 .558 .584 .611
U .... . .""
.438
.452
.4"
.480
. .493 .52<1
."
.." .575
.593 ."" ."" .'"
.621 .04' .671
~ .'"' .... ..,. .'" .'"' .'"
.494 .523 .552 .581 .610 .83'
.4711 .,." .398 .628 .587 .111
'30 CAlatBRIA STEEL.
.....
.,... II" II' It'
(CO""TINURD.)
;,
.1"
.145 .I"
.151
.134
,m
.189
.163
.1
.169
.149
.114
.154
.18{)
.159
.186
3.83
4.46
*
/I
r.
.374
.334
.415
.388
.410
.432
.4oa
.426
.448
..lIS
.442
.465
.433
.m
.481
.448
.473
.498
.463
.48'J
.515
.478 1t.48
.5Il5 12.11
.631 12.75
IfII .430
.457
.. "
.463
.475
.496
.471
.493
.515
.488
. 5\1
.585
.506
.530
.554
.... ....
.523
'73
.540
.592
.558 13.39
.584 14.03
.611 1U6
I
IiIi
.498
.519
.540
.618
.540
"".583
.538
.560
.583 ...
.558
.581
.578
.302
.62'
.598
.623
.647
.618
...,
.643
.638 15.30
.664 Hi.~
.691 16.58
h
.560
.581
.602
...
.626
.5Il5
.628
.650
.628
.651
.614.
.650
.674
.698
.m
."7
.722
.696
.721
.748
.717 17.21
.744 17.&1
.770 18.49
IftI .623
...,
.647 .'72 .697 .722 .747 .722
.m
.m 19.13
, .643 .695 .721 .746 .722 .823 19.76
If
}!
.664
.os.
.706
.m
.747
.691
.712
.734
.755
.m
.717
.740
.762
.784
.807
.744
..767
",
"3
.837
.
.770
.794
".W
.343
:m
.822
.647
.372
.336
.""" ....'"
.'" .,.
.87'
.901
20.40
21.M
.003 21.68
.930 22.31
22.95
CAMBRIA 8TEEL. m
!
.2S1I 5.10
.247
274
.301
.2M
.282
.310
.261
.291
.26
.'.m"
.329
.27'
.307
.338
.2M
.315
.347
.291
.324
.366
m
.232
.365
5.74
'.38
7.01
If .329
.3M
.383
.389
.267
.395
.349
.378
.'07
.369
.388
.4\8
.26'
.m
.43<1
.879
.410
.442
.388
.421
.463
.".'32
.65
7.65
8.29
8.93
*,\ .411
.438
.466
.423
..... "
.430
.426
.'55
.494
.m
.78
.""
... 1
.491
.522
.473
.W5
.635
.486
.518
.550
.4"
.531
.564
'.56
10.20
10.84
n ,493
.230 .53'
.523
.552
.338
.568
.553
.564
.568
.'99
.583
.615
.'98
.831
11.48
12.1 1
n
.548
.575
.564
.'"
.681
.610 .'"
.628
.614
.64'
.631
.662
.,.7
.680
.664 UU5
.''1113.39
II
.W3
.630
.621
.64'
.639
.568
.657
.687
.676
.7116 .'".m .712
.7"
.780 14.1)3
.764 14.66
I .637 .m .697 .717 .737 .757 .m ."7 15.30
.635 .7116 .780 .m .830 15:94
ItIt .712 .734 .755
.747
.m
.768
.799 .820
.."
.842 .383 16.58
h
,740
.767
.762
.700
.784
.813
.OJ7
.687
.'"
.8<0
.85!
.883
.874 .896 17.21
.900 .93<1 17.85
.'" .818 .843 .U7 .891 .915
.'.m"
.989 .1163
.'"
18.49
H .822
.849
.847
.875
.872
.9()1
.896
.926
.921
.952
.971
1.00 1.03
19.13
19.76
t .877 .903 .930 .930 .983 1.01 1.04 1.116 20040
.'" .'"
.904 .931 .959 1.1)1
Ii .931
.9~9
.1l6O 1.02
.988 1.02 1.05
1.01
1.04
1.07
1.07
t.tO
1.07
1.10
1.13
1.10
1.13
1.16
21.04
21.68
22.31
!-! .'" 1.'" 1.05 1.98 1.11 1.14 1.17 1.20 23.95
432' CAMBRIA STEEL .
"'...
...... II' It' JI' II' II' II' I!' I' 12'
- - -- - - ------ - -- - - --
'.55
$:h
;,
.1"
....
.170
.238
.139
.174.
109
.24 .m
.143
.118
.214
.'"
.146
.183
.219 ...
.149
.187
.
.153
.191
.."
.1"
.1"
.234
.273
.159
.199
.m
.m
3.19
3.83
),
h
It
....
.272
.37'
.m
..., ..., ""
.314.
.383
.m
.35, .... .821
.393
........ .'" .'"
.585
.'02
.299
.836
.37'
.411 ."
.3"
.300
."
.319
.398
38
5.10
5.74
'.38
7.0t
h A'" ..,.
A" .... ....
.418 .... ." A53 .m ,...
.... .'38 .'53
.... .475 .rIY/ .518 8.29
.4.76
"" "" .'" '.56
....
.500 .611 .558 8.93
*I
.510
.54' >9,
.'" ..,.
.523
.558
...,
.535
.671
.548
..., .on
.584 .598
.'18
.611
.585
.624
.'98
.638 1010
.64' ...
.531 .MS
~
.WI .635 10.84
.613 .642 .6" .681 .702 .717 11.48
II .618 .m .694 .710 .741 .757 12.11
h .531
.'" .'' ' ...
.714 .180 .747
..,.'64 ...
.180 .m 12.75
U
II
.715
.749
.783 ...
.732
.767
.m
..,
785
.821
.784
.822
.82,
.638
.878
.819
.897
m
zn
13.39
14.03
.916 14.66
I
ItIt
>1,
.821
.83,
.872
.82,
.892
.377
.913 .... .,..
.896 .916
.975 .". 15.94
.936
.'" 15.30
.a&\
.919
.906
.941
.928
.964 .'''' ."1 .998 1.01 1.04 16.68
.986 1.01 1.03 1.05 I.'" 17.21
h .953
.987 1.01.'" .m
1.04
1.02
1.06
1.05 1.07
1.11
1.09
1.13
1.12
1.16
17.82
18.49
ItIt 1.02 1.05
1.06 I.'"
1.07
1.11
1.10
1.13
I.'"
1.12
1.16
1.15
1.18
1.17
1.21
I."
1.24
19.13
19.76
~
1.12 1.15 1.18 1.21 I." 1.31
1.16 1.19 1.21 1.24 1.27 1.30 1.83 I." 21.68
1.19 1.22 1.25 1.28 1.31 I... 1.37 1.39 22.31
1.23 1.25 1.28 1.31 1.34 1.37 1.40 1.43 22.96
CAMDRIA STEEL. '33
--
(CONTIN UED.)
-
l~h,lo ..
fl" II" II" H" II"
H"l II" I" 12"
- 1- ---- -- --
h .163 .1" .169 .173 .176 .179 .183 .186 '.55
h
h
.28'
.24'
.285
.'' '
.249
291
.212
.2M
.m
.216
.259
.302
.220
.264
.308
224
.269
.314
.'28
'74 .'"
.279
.325
3.19
'.83
4.46
h .328
I
...
.m, .332
.374
.33'
.331
.345
.388
.362
.... .".359
..,3
.an 5.10
iIt .407
.447
0415
.457
."
56
.432
.475
.396
....
.440
.493
.411
.457
.500
.418
.'65
.!ill
5.74
'.38
7.(11
h
It
88
."9 .4"
.540
.508
.5W
.filS
.561
.528
.572
.538
.583
.548
.594
.558
.004
7.65
S.29
h .569 .581 ~93 .604 .616 .'28 .839 .651 S.93
It
I
.610
.651
.52'
.664
.635
.677
.647
.691
.560
.704
.'"
.717
.835
.730
.'" 9, 56
.74.4 1(1.20
.691 .700 .720 .734 .748 .762
!-:fl .7112
.m .m
.747 .762
.804
.m .m
Jl2j) .83&
.007
.862
.77'
Jl22
.867
.700 tCl.S4
.837 11.48
.883 12..11
h .S13
.854
.830
.872
.847
.839
863
.900
.....'24
.837 .913 .930
.941 .959 .976
12.75
13.39
IIII .895
.93'
.913
.965
.931
.97'
.'50 .863 .98& 1.00 1.02
.993 1.01 1.03 1.05 1.07
14.03
14..66
I .976 .996
1.02 1.04
1.02
1.00
1.04
I.'"
1.00
1.10 I.'"
1.12
t.10
1.14
1.12
1.16
15.30
15.94
IIII 1.00
LtO 1.12 I.'" t.10
1.14
1.12
Lt7
1.14
1.19
1.17
1.21
1.19
1.23
1.21
1.26
16.58
11.21
h 1.14 1.16 1.19 121 1.23 1.26 1.22 1.30 17.86
fl
It
U8
1.2'
1.26
I.'"
1.25
1.23
127
1.31
1.2.\
1.30
1.34
1.28
1.32
1.38
1.30
1.35
1.39
1.32
1.37
1.42
1.35
t.40
18.49
19.13
II 1-" t.44 19.76
I 1.30 1.33 1.38 1.38 1.41 1.43 t.46 t.49 2(1.40
t! 1.34 1.31 1.40 1.42 l.45 1.48 LSI 1.53 21.(14
It 1.38 1.41 l.44 1.47 1.50 1.52 1.55 1.58 21.68
~
1.42 1.45 1.48 1.51 1.54 \.57 1.60 1.63 22.31
1.46 t.49 1.52 1.55 1.58 1.61 1.64 1.67 22.95
.,. CAM BRIA. STEEL .
~ .....
iolNa
\1" II" II" II" tI" It" II" 1" 12"
- - - - - - -- - - - -
n .189 .193 .196 .199 .203 .2" 209 .213 2.55
n
n
n
237
.284
.331
.241
.289
.337
.245
2 ..
.>I,
.249
.299
.349
.,..
.253
.3M
.257
.899
.360
262
,314
'66
.'66
.319
.3"
3.19
,.83
4.46
", ."
I
an
.m
.42'
.473
.520
.385
" ....
.523
.'25
78
.531
5.10
6.74
6.38
7.01
II
.568
.615
66'
.578
.62'
.674
.588
....
.637
.5"
.648
.91
.61J8
.658
.709
.618
.669
721
.680
.132
.638
.691 ,...
7.55
.744 8.93
l!
.
.710 .722 .735 .747 .760 .772 .784 .787 9.56
I
....
.757 .710
.818
784
.833
.791
.847
.810
.861
.... ....
875
.837 .860 10.20
It
n
It
.852
.899
$"
.915
.882
.931 ....
'" .911
.962
."
.978
.903 10.84
.941 .966 11.48
.994 1.01 12.11
n
It
.946
.99'
.963 .980
1.01 1.03
....
I."
1.01
I."
1.03
1.08 I." 1.12
1.10
I." 12.75
13.39
n I." 1.09
I."
1.11
1.08
1.13
1.10
1.15
1.11
1.17
1.13
1.18
\.15
120
1.17
1.22
14.(m
14066
I 1.14 1.16 1.18 1.20 1.22 1.24 1.26 1.28 15.30
1.18 1.20 1.22 1.25 1.27 1.29 1.31 1.33 lUI
H 1.23
1.28
1.25
1.30
1.27
1.32
1.30
1.35
1.32
1.37
1.34
1.39
1.36
1.41
1.38
1.43
\6.58
17.21
n 1.33
1.87
1.35
tAll
1.31
1.42
1.40
UI
1.42
1.47
1.44
1.49
1.46
1.62
1.49
1.54
17.85
18.49
1.42 1.44 1.47 1.49 1.52 1.54 1.57 1.59 19.13
H 1.47 t.4.9 1.52 1.54 Ui7 1.60 1.62 1.55 19.76
I 1.51 1.54 1.67 1.59 1.62 1.55 1.67 1.10 20.40
1.56 U9 1.62 1.64 1.67 1.70 1.73 1.75 21.(1(
H
n
1.61
1.66
1.70
1.64
1.69
1.73
1.67
1.71
1.76
1.69
1.74
1.79
1.72
1.71
1.82
1.76
1.80
1.85
1.78
1.83
1.88
lSI
1.86
1.91
21.68
~2.3t
22."
CAMBRIA STEEL.
WEIGHTS OF FLAT ROLLED STEEL BARS.
Poundl per Lin,al r oot.
One cubk foot of II\.ed wdghl489.8 pouruU..
n
For Tbku-e. from In. to Z ina. and Wldtb.f from 1 in. to 1Z" r....
....
"'
blM"" l' 1\' l j'
-
1\' 2' 2\' 2!' 21' 12'
- - - - - - - - - - -- - - -_. --
n .m
.213 .266
.531
.319 .372 .m .78 .531
.638 .744 .850 .,,,
1.06 1.17 5.10
.... ''''
+ .638 .797
.850 1.06
1.06 1.33
.956 1.12 1.28 1.43 1.59 1.75 1.65
1.28 1.49 1.70 1.91 2.13
1.59 1.86 2.13
1020
2.39 '.66
'.34
2.92 12.75
Y
n
1.28
1.49
1.59
1.86
1.91
'.23
'.53
2.6<1
'.55
'.98
'3."
.8'1 3.19
3.12
3.51 15.30
'.09 17.85
j 1.70 2.13 '.55 2.98 3.4.0 ',83 '.25 '.68 20.4.0
I. 1.91 2.39 2.81 3." 3.83 '.30 '.78 5." 22.95
A 2.13
'.34 "',
\ 2.55 3.19
'.56 3.19
3.51
'.83
3.72
'.09
4..46
4.25
4.68
5.10 ". ....
'.78
5.74
5.31
5,84
5.84
'''".
6.4.3 28.05
7.01 30.6<1
2.76 3.4.5 4.14 ',83 5.53 '.22 6.91 1.60 33.15
1
X '.98
3.19
3.40
3.72
3.98
'.25
4.46
'.78
5.10
5.21
'.68
5.95
....'.80
5.95 6.69
7.17
1.65
7.44
7.97
8.50
S.IS
8.11
9."
".10
".25
40.80
In 3.61 '.52 '.42 6.32 1.23 S.13 9.03 9.93 43.35
1t
1\
.,83
'.04
'.25
'.78
5.05
5.31
5.74
'.06
6.38
6.69
7.07
7.44
1.65
8.1l8
8.50
S.61 9.56
9.1l8 10.09
9.56 10.63
10.52
11.10
11.69
45.90
48.45
51.00
In 4.4, 5.58 6.69 7.SI 8." 10.04 11.16 12.27 53.55
11 4.68 5.84 7.01 S.18 9." 10.52 11.69 12.86 66.10
1t .89
1i.10 ....
6.11 1.83
1.65
8.55 '.78
8.93 10.20
11.00
11.48
IU2
12.76
13.44
14.08
58.65
61.20
In 1i.31
5.53
'.64 7.97 '.30 lo.s8 11.96 13.28 14.61 63.75
1\ 6.91 8.29 9.67 11.05 12.43 13.81 15.19 66.30
Iii 5.74 7.17 8.61 10.04 11.48 12.91 14.34 If/.78 56.85
1\ 5.95 7.44 8.93 10.41 11.90 18.39 14.88 16.36 71.40
1\
,
....
Iii
Iii
6.16
6.59
1.10
7.97
8."
924
'.56
,.88
10.78
11.16
11.53
12.33
12.75
13.18
18.87
14.34
14.82
15.41
15.94
16.47
16.95
17.53
18.12
13.95
76.50
19.05
.80 8.50 10.20 11.90 13.60 11i.30 17.00 18.70 81.60
J
43. CA MBRIA. STEE L.
(CO!'OTIIWBD.)
",...
-.' ...
""_I
--
3' 3 j'
. - 1 - --
3\ ' 3 !' ' j' 41' 41' 12'
. - -- - -
.638 .691 .744 .85<) .56 1.01 2.55
1, j ... '.07
1.91
2.76
,...
1.28 1.38 1.49 I:;:'
2.38
2.39
3.19
1.70
'.55
3.40
1.81 \ .91 2.20 5.10
3.61 3.83 ....
Z.71 2.81 '.03 7.65
10.20
:U9 .U," ....
3.72 3.38 US '.58 '.78 5." 12.75
t ,.83
4.46
5.\0
4.14.
5.55
5.21
5."
'.78
5.58
6.38
5.10
US
.so
5."
7'"
5.74
6." '.59
!
6.74 6.22
6.38 6.91
7.01 7.60
6.69
7.44
8.18
7.17
7.97 8.60 '.03 9.56 10.09 25.50
8.77 ' .35 '.93 10.52 11.10 28."
""
! 7.65 8." 8.93 9.56 10.20 10.84 11 .48 12.11 30.60
8.29 8.38 9.67 10.36 11.05 11.74 12.43 13.12 33.15
V
tI
8.93 9.67 10.41
'.56 10.36 11.16
11.16 11.90
11.95 IUS
12.64
13.M
13.39 14.13 35.70
14.M \5.14 382.1
I 10.20 11.05 11.90 12.75 13.60 14.45 15.30 16.15 ...so
In 13.55 IUS 15.35 16.26 17.16 43.35
:A
10.84 11.74
""
11.48 12.43 13.39 IU-I 15.30 16.26
1M t 13.12 14.13 15.\4 16.\5 17.16
17.21
\ 8.17
18.17 45.90
\9.\8 48.45
11 IUS 13.81 14.88 t5.9~ 17.00 taM 19.13 20.19 51.00
1/, 13.39 14.50 IS.1iZ 16.73 17.85 18.97 20.'" 21.20 ".55
II 14.03 15.19 16.36 11.58 18.7<1 19.87 21.04 22.21 56.10
In
II
14.6&
15.SO
15.SS
16.f8
17.11
17.85
IS.33 19.55 ".77 21.99
"."
58.65
19.13 20.40 21.68 22.95 24.23 61.20
1,0. 15.92 17.27 IS.59 19.92 21.25 22.58 I 23.91 25.23 63.75
II 16.58 17.96 19.M 20.72 22.10 23.48 24.86 56.'" 26'"
lit
II
17.21 IS.&5 20.'" 21.52 22.115 24.38 25.82
17.85 19.3-1 20.83 22.S1 ".so 25.!9
68.85
28,.
28.26 71.40
".2.;
III 18.49 20.00 21.[;7 23.1 1 24.65 !S.19 ".n
29.27 73.95
I1 19.13 w.n n .31
IU 1 19.a 21.41 23.00
2 20.40 22.10 ".so
!:S.91 25.50
".'"
28.69 30.28 ".50
24.70 26.35 28.00 29." 31..29 ".05
25.50 ".ro 28." 30.60 ".W
81.60
CAMBRIA STEEL. 437
.-
(cm(TISuKD.)
-
iii!...... 5' 51' 5" 51' 6' 6\' 6" 61' 12'
.. . . ._-- - ~-
h
t ....,... ....,>I."
1i.31 5"
7.01
6.11
7.33 '.05 ."
.38
'..85" '.03
7."
6.91 7.17 IU5
8.29 8.61 IUO
......" ."
n 8.18 '.30 9.6, 1M" 17.85
I '.35 10.20 111.63 11.05 IU8 W...
In
:A
18.06 18.97 1987 "'.77 21.68
I9.1S
"'." "" .....
2\.IM 21.99 22.95 23.91
".., ........ ".., .....
,,-"
23." !4." 43 ...
"
"... .....
20.19 21.20 23." !4.23 !1.35 48..f.5
II leU5 . 22J1 23.38 !1." 28.69 51.00
I f, 22.31 23.43 ".54 25.00 ".78 21'" 29.01 53.55
30.12
:A
I,
23.38 ".54 25.7 1 ".88 28.05 30.33
!4." 25." ".88 28.111 ".33 30." 3\.77
".60 26.78 23.05 " .38 30.60 31.88 33.16
"." 32.99 .....
31.56 56.10
34.43 6t.21l
In
II
,.... "... "." 30.55 31.88 33.20 ".53
21.61 29.111 30.39 31.77 33.15 ".53 SS.91
35.86 63.75
31." 66.30
lit 28.69 SO.12 3t.M ".W 34.43 35.86 31." 38.13 ...85
11
"... ""
29.75 ".13 35.10 37.19 38.68 .f.O 16 71.40
lit
1 I "... ",..,....
30>1 ".35 35." 36.518 38..5! .f.O.06
S3 ..f.7 35.116 36.00 38.!5 13U4 .foU4
I .f.\.&O 13."
43.03 76.50
111 "...
, ".00 "... 31.88 ~.1i3 .fo1.l7 ! .fo!.82
35.1\1 37..f.O 39.10 40.80 .f.2.50 .foUO
! 4H7 79.05
45.90 81.110
438 CAMBRIA STEEL.
(CONTINUED. )
Thiokness
in Inahes. 7" n" n" n" S" Sl" S~" Si" 12"
-- ---- ------ ---- -- --
r. 1.49
2.98
1.54
3.08
1.59
3.19
1.65
3.29
1.70
3.40
1.75
3.51
1.81
3.61
1.86 2.55
3.72 5.10
t
-h1. 4.46 4.62 4.78 4.94 5.10 5.26 5.42 5.58 7.65
. 5.95 6.16 6.38 6.59 6.80 7.01 7.23 7.44 10.20
/r; 7.44 7.70 7.97 8.23 8.50 8.77 9.03 9.30 12.75
,;!
8 8.93 9.24 9.56 9.88 10.20 10.52 10.84 11.16 15.30
ft 10.41 10.78 11.16 11.53 11.90 12.27 12.64 13.02 17.85
! 11.90 12.33 12.75 13.18 13.60 14.03 14.45 14.88 20.40
16 13.39 13.87 14.34 14.82 15.30 15.78 16.26 16.73 22.95
i 14.88 15.41 15.94 16.47 17.00 17.53 18.06 18.59 25.50
H- 16.36 16.95 17.53 18.12 18.70 19.28 19.87 20.45
22.31
28.05
30.60
,;!
17.85 18.49 19.13 19.76 20 .40 21.04 21.68
(COSTlSUBD.)
...
.,...... 0' 01' 01'
.---
01' 10'
-
10 t~ l Ot" 10t~ 1 2'
-
n
t
I
1.91
3.83
5.74
'.65
1.37
,,-"...
US
'.02
'.11<
'.00
'00
'.07
4.15
,."
.... ' .00
:U3
'.>0
2.18
,-" 6.3, ,... ,." ,'"
8.71
.23
4.46
'.93
.
4.57
'.55
5.10
'.65
9.14 10..
.. .
'.56 9.83 10.09 10.36 10.113 10.89 1t.16 11.4% 12.75
IU8 11.79 12.11 IU3 12.75 13.07 13.39 13.71 15.30
X
" 20... "
IU9 13.76 14.13 IUO 1<.8' 15-" 15.62 IU9
I lUI u.n 16.15 16.58 17.00 17.43 18.18 20.40
43'" "...
1,1. ".M .UI 38.36 39.37 40.38 .1.83 43.40 48.45
1/
In
S8."
"... ,,-"
".S8 .41,4., ".00
40.16 .41.!8 42.39 43.:;t ....63
45.6\1
45.74 .. 51.00
..
1/ 44.41 45.58 46.76 47.92 411.09 50." 56.10
In 43.99 4S.U 46.43 47.65 48.. 60.10 5t.S2 52.54 ".65
II 45.90 47.18 48.4S 49.73 51.00 52.28 53.65
" 61.20
53.t3 ".45 55.78
".80
".. ..
1,0. 47.81 49.14 60.47 57.11 63.75
1/ 49.73 5t.1t 62.49 53.87 55." ".63 58.01 59.39 66.30
Itt
II
51.M 53.07 64.51 55.94 57.38
"...
00." 61.68
"
,.
53.55 55.11< IiS.OI ".5O 00." ".48 63." 71.40
Itt 55.46 57.00 58.54 00.'" 61.63 63.17 64.71
"... 73.95
,1.6., l
57.38 58.37 60.56 62.16 6:1.75 65.M " .94 68... 7UO
Itt ,m 00.93 62.58 6012.3 ".68 ".52 69.17 70-"I 79.05
61>0 re... 60.30 68.00 6\1.70 71.40 73.10 81.60
440 CAMBRIA STEEL.
\
WEIGHTS OF FLAT ROLLED STEEL BARS.
Pounds per Lineal Foot.
(CONCLUDED.)
Thi,k-
ness in
11" Ill" I!!" 111" 12" 121" 12!" 121" -5~~ "'Zl'"
Inches. c::.- 0.
------ - - - - - - - - - - - - S~'O .- '"
.gd.l.,
l
IS 2.34 2.39 2.44 2.50 2.55 2.60 2.66 2.71 o :5o,
t 4.68 4.78 4.89 4.99 5.10 5.21 5.31 5.42 ~~'iii
t.1- 7.01 9.56
7.17 7.33 7.49 7.65 7.81 7.97 8.13 ~~~
9.35 9.78 9.99 10.20 10.41 10.63 10.84 ",.
~~ui
~x-g
16 11.69 11.95 12.22 12.48 12.75 13.02 13.28 13.55 "', ;;
14.03 14.34 14.66 14.98 15.30 15.62 15.94 ~ 8.
16.26 '.;jlf)
i
is 16.36 16.73 17.11 17.48 17.85 18.22 18.59 18.97 ;01""'1:::
..... co
.l.
2 18.70 19.13 19.55 19.98 20.40 20.83 21.25 21.68 "C010.,.
~~II
21.04 21.52 21.99 22.47 22.95 23.43 23.91 24.38 .,.~o
27.09 .E.. "'::=:,n
16 ....
.
23.38 23.91 24.44 24.97 25.50 26.03 26.56
IISI 25.71 26.30 26.88 27.47 28.05 28.63 29.22 29.80 """,""
30.60 31.24 31.88 ~-5+
32.51 ~"Cl;
i 28.05 28.69 29.33 29.96
S"d
II 30.39 31.08 31.77 32.46 33.15 33.84 34.53 35.22 .... tt::1""'1
37.93 ~BII
16
32.73 33.47 34.21 34.96 35.70 36.44 37.19
1
II
IS* 35.06
37.40
35.86
38.25
36.66
39.10
37.45 38.25 39.05 39.84
39.95 40.80 41.65 42.50
40.64 ~ uj~
43.35 ~.aX
bOf-4,-i
15. ....
1h 39.74 40.64 41.54 42.45 43.35 44.25 45.16 46.06 .c"" '''0
1t 42.08 43.03 43.99 44.94 45.90 46.86 47.81 48.77 uC'l "
~ .... 01
,,;~
1t. 44.41 45.42 46.43 47.44 48.45 49.46 50.47 51.48 0..c: <Xl
1l 46.75 47.81 48.88 49.94 51.00 52.06 53.13 54.19 "O"X.o
GJI-<~......t
~~M' '''''
If. 49.09 50.20 51.32 52.43 53.55 54.67 55.78 56.90 ",~ ... iI
n 51.43 52.59 53.76 54.93 56.10 57.27 58.44 59.61 e!~~oc;
f!..c: ~cQ
lis 53.76 54.98 56.21 57.43 58.65 59.87 61.09 62.32 (fj,e.- ...
1~ 56.10 57.38 58.65 59.93 61.20 62.48 63.75 65.03 .z'~-:+
:s1",eg
58.44 59.77 61.09 62.42 63.75 65.08 66.41 67.73 ~; ~,,;
1ft ~
q 60.78 62.16 63.54 64.92 66.30 67.68 69.06 70.44 ':o:5 X
Q.lC"l
11-1- 63.11 64.55 65.98 67.42 68.85 70.28 71.72 73.15 on .,.
11 65.45 66.94 68.43 69.91 71.40 72.89 74.38 75.86 ,;~.E! II
~p:g~
._ ..... ::s00
1M- 67.79 69.33 70.87 72.41 73.95 75.49 77.03 78.57 aJoo x
it 70.13 71.72 73.31 74.91 76.50 78.09 79.69 81.28 ~ !i ..... 1::
-
-..,
For Diameten from
0.0
.1
,..
.1IIl78M
n
.3W6
.....
to 100, advancing by Tenlhs.
""""-
'.0
.,
.1
,..
12.6664
13.2025
-12.6664
tz....,
...... ......
..,."
18_
.
.031416 13.85 13.1947
.3 .070<80 S 14.6220 13.6088
I .....
15.Z053
~
.7
.1-
......
....
.,."
1.67<8
1.8850
2.1Wl
.,.7
.5 15.9G43
16.6190
17.M~
lum
IUb13
14.7666
.63817
MISS
..," IS.QgM
IS.857
15.0796
15.3938
1.0
.1
.18M
9503
U416
S..... .. ,...""
5.0 1U,350 Ui.7C80
16.0221
1.1310 3.7699
21.2m 16.3363
"....
.S 1.3278 usn .3 22.0618 16.6504
1.S394 .m 16.9646
.,.7 ,.-
.5 t.7611
2.0106
4.11M
5._
5.""
.,
.7
2:3.7683
24.6301
25.5176
17.2788
17.6929
17.9071
,.8353
2.M47 6.6649
5.9690 !7.""
.S
2U21l1 18.2212
18.6354
......
...... ...'"
'.0 MU6 '.0 28.2743 18.8496
.1 3.4638 .1 2U!47 19.1637
.
3.8013 UIt5 30.1907 1904'779
4.1MB 72257 31.17!5 19.7920
7_
., '.m
~
...., 7...0
.5
32.1699
33.1831 .......
20.1062
W._
,....
.7 5.""
6.1675
8.1681
8.....
8._
.7
.8 ".....
3402119
36.3168
21.0487
21.3628
.9 9.1106 37.3928 21.6710
- 21.9911
3.0 7._ 9."" 7.0 38.4846
.,
.1 7.5471 9._
.,.3
.1 39.6919 22.""
.......
..
.S
8.G425
8."'"
S.om
IOJ)S31
10.3673
10.6814
...... ".u",
40.7150
41.&39
22.6195
.,.7
~ Utlt
10.1188
IG.7stl
10.~
11.3097
11.6239
.,
.5
.7
44.1786
45.3646
4Ui663
".,,,
23.5619
U .l90S
.9
lum
11.9459
11.9381
tz"'"
.S
47.78S6
49.0167
24.5044
24.8186
r
... CAMBRIA STEEL .
-.
8.0
.I
...
".2655
51.5300
-
25.1321
25.4469
.-.
(CONTINUED.)
12.0
.I
,,~
113.0973
114.9901
--
37.6991
38.0133
.2 52.8\02 25.7611 .2 116.8i187 38.3274
.3 54.1061 26.0752 .8 118.8229 38.6416
.S SS.41n
56.7450
26.38S4
26.7035
.S
120.7628
122.7185
38.9557
39.2699
.6
.7
58.""
59.4468
60.8212
27.01Tl
27.3319
27.6460
.6
.7
.8
124.6898
126.6769
128.6796
,,-
39.6841
40.2124
.9 62.2114 ".9602 .9 130.6981 40.5265
'.0 63.6173 28.2743 13.0 182.7323 40.8407
.\ 65.0088 38."" .\ 134.7822 -41.1549
> 66.4761 38.9007 .2 136.8478 41.4690
.3 67.9291 29.2168 .3 138.9291 41.7832
69.3918 29.5310 141.0261 42.0973
.S 70.8822 29.8451
.S 1(3.1388 42.4115
.6 72.3838 30.1593 .6 145.2672 42.1257
.7 73.8981 30.47:14 .7 147.4114 43.0398
.8
.9
75.4296
76.9769
80.7876
3UOIS
.9
149.5712
151.74.68
43.3540
43.6681
10.0 78.5398 3UlS9 14.0 153.9380 43.9823
.\ 80.1186 31.7301 .\ 156.1.f50 4.4.2965
2 81.7128 32._ .2 158.3677 44.6106
.8 83.3229 32.3584 .8 160.6061 44.mB
32.672t1 162.8602
.S 8..,'"
86.5901 32.9867
.3 165.1300
4li.2389
45.5531
.6 88.2473 33.8009 .6 167.4155 45.8673
.7 89.9202 33.6150 .7 169.7167 46.1814
.9
91.6088
93.3132
33.9292
34.2434
.9
172.0336
174.3662
46.4956
46.8097
11.0 95.0332 34.5575 15.0 176.7146 47.1239
.\
.,
.3
96.7689
98.6203
100.2875
34.8717
35.\858
35.5000
.I
2
.3
119.0786
181.4584
183.8539
41.4380
47.7522
48.0064
186.2650 48.3805
.4 102.0703 36.8142
.6
.7
103.8689
105.6832
107.5132
36.1283
3Ul25
36.1566
.3
.6
.7
188.69\9
191.1345
193Ji928
48.6941
49.0088
49.3230
109.3588
111.2202
37.0708
37.3860
.9
196.0668
198.5565
49.6372
49.9513
CAlIlBBIA STEEL. 44.
-. .... - -.,
16.0
.I
201.0619
203.5831
(CONnNU'SI).)
".26.\5
60.5796
20.0
.1
.
....
314.1593
317.3087
-
62.8319
63.1460
2
.<
206. 1199
2~.6724
211.2407
50.8938
51.21l11l
51.5221 .<
320.4789
323.6547
326.8513
".-
63.7743
6<.,""
.6
.7
U3.8246
216.(U3
U9.0397
'1.8363
62.t5(l.l
52.....
.6
.7
....Il536
333.2916
64.4026
64.7168
66.0:UO
221.67a3
224.3176
52.ms
53."" "'..".
&W.79.f.7
343.0698
66.MSI
55.""
17.0 !U.9801 53.4071 21.0 346.3606 55.973<
.1 "'.6583 53.1212 .I 349.6671 66181'
2
.<
"'.""
2:35.0618
5<.035<
54.3496
2
.3
852.9893
....M
66.6018
66.9159
237.7871 5<.6637
., S5U809 67.2301
240.5282
243.2849
54.9779 "'.1\\Il3 67.62
.6 55.2920 .6 366.4354 67.8584
.7 246.0574 ".5062 .7 369.8361 68.1726
MS.....
251.6494
OS.92OS
56."" 873.2526
376.6848
68.('"
".8009
56."'"
18.0
.1
254.4690
257.34).13 56.8628
22.0
.I .....
980.1327
"'887.0756
69.1150
'69.7434
...202
'.M,.,
2 !6O.1S53 57.mo 2
.3 ....0!20 67.4911 70.0575
"'"'.""
57.8053 394.1lI14 70.3717
.6
.7
....
271.7163
274.tW59
58.1195
58.""
58.7478
.6
.7
397.6018
401.1500
4/}4.7078
ro.6858
71.0000
71.3142
277.6911
280.5521
59.0619
69.3761
.8
4Ce.28t4.
411.8706
71.6283
71.9425
19.0 283.5287 69.6903 23.0 416.4756 72.2566
.,
.1
.3
286.5211
289.5292
202.5530
60.0044
60.3186
OO.""
.,
.1 419.0963
422.7327
426.....
72.5708
72.8849
73.1991
"'..". 60.9469 m."" 73.5133
6
!98.6477
301.7186
61.2611
61.5752 "'.....
.6
'-33.7361 73.8274
74.1416
.....
"62."" .......
.7 '04.8052 .7 441.1503 74.4557
307.9075
311.0256 62.5171 ....6278
74.7699
7UMI
444 CA14BRIA STEEL.
- -
(COl\TINUED.)
D~.
32.0
.,.3
.1
...
8042477
""2821
-- (CONTINUED.)
100.5310
100.8451
D~.
36.0
.I
...
1017.8760
1023.5387
-
....
113.0973
113.4115
814.3322 101.1593 .2 1029.2172 113.7257
819.3980 101.4734 .3 1034.9113 114.0398
., 824.4196
829.5768
101.7876
102.1018
.5
1040.6211
1046.3467
114.8540
114.6681
.6 834.6897 102.4159 .6 1062.0880 114.9823
.7 839.8184 102.7301 .7 Imi7$149 115.2965
., ....9628
850.1229
103.02
103.3584
.9
1063.6176
1069.4060
115.6106
115.9248
33.0 855.2986 103.6726 37.0 1075.2101 116.2389
.1
2
860.4902
865.6913
103.9867
104.3009 .,.3
.I IOSI.0299 116.5531
It6.8672
870.92Q2
876.1588
104.6150
104.9292
II.."'"
1092.7166
1098.5835
117.1814
117.4956
.5 881.4131 lmi.2434 .5 1104.4662 117.8097
.6 886.6831 105.5575 .6 1110.3645 1t8.1239
.7 891.9688 lmi.8717 .7 Ilt6.2786 118.4,380
.9
897.2703
902.5874
106.1858
106,5001)
.9
1122.2083
1128.1538
118.7522
119.0664
34.0 907.9203 106.814.2 33.0 1134.1149 119.3805
.I
2
913.2688
918.6331
107.1283
107.4425 .,
.1 1140.0918
1I46.!1144
119.6947
120.0038
924.0131
93._
929.4088
107.7566
IOS.om! .. 1152.0927
1158.1167
120.3230
12M372
.,
.6 940.20173
IOS.3849
1(11.6991
.6
.6
1164.1564
1170.2118
120.9.513
121.2655
.7 945.6901 109.0133 .7 1176..2830 121.5796
.8
.9
951.1486
956.6228
109.3274
109.6416 .,
.8 1182.3698
1188.4723
121.8938
122.2C11O
35.0 962.1127 109.9557 39.0 1194.5906 122.5221
.1 967.6184 110.2699 .1 1200.7246 122.&363
2 973.1397 110.5841 .2 1206.874.2 123.1504
.S
.5
978.6768
"..-
110.8982
ttl .2124
989.7980 . 1t1.1i265
.
.S
.5
1213.0396
12t9.2207
122;).4175
123.4646
123.7788
124.()929
.6 995.3822 111 .8407 .6 1231.6300 124.4011
.7 1000.9821 112.1549 .7 1237.8582 124.7212
.9
l006.[i9n 112.4690
1012.2290 112.7832
.8
.9
1244.1021
1250.3617
1~.03M
125.30195
4" OAMBRIA STEEL.
- ...
AREAS AND CIRCUMFERENCES OF CIRCLES.
.
... --
(CONTINUED.)
. ,'"""'- 1I~.
"'..
.1
1256.6871
1262.9281
12.5.6&37
125.9779
44.'.1 1520.5808
1537.4502
138.2801
138.5442
2 \269.2348 126.2920 .2 1534.3&53 138.8584
.3 t275Jj513 126.6062 .8 1541.3360 139.1726
1548.3025
.4 1281.8955 126.9203
139.4867
.S
.7
1288.2493
1294.6189
1301.0042
127.2345
127.5481
127.8628
.5
.S
.7
165:;.2&17
1562.2826
1569 .~
139.8009
140.1150
140.4292
.9
1301.4.052
1313.8219
128.1770
\28.4911
.8
.9
1576.32.55
1583.3705
140.7434
141.0575
41.0 1320.2543
1326.7024
128.8053
129.1195
45.'.1 1590.4313
1597.60n
141.3711
141.6858
.1
.2 1333.1&63 129.4336 .2 1604.5999 142.0000
.3 1339.6458 129.7478 .3 1611.7O'n 142.3141
130.0019 142.6283
.,., 1346.1410
1352.65...'>0
1359.1786
130.3761
13Q.6903
.4
..5,
1618.8313
1625.9705
1633.1255
142.9425
143.2566
.7 1365.7210 131.0044 .7 1640.2962 143.57il1
.9
1372.2791
1378.8529
131.3186
13t.6327
.9
1647.4826
1654.6847
143.8849
144.1991
42.' 1385.4424
1392.1)416
131.9469
132.261 t
46.0
.1
1661.9025
1669.1360
144.5133
144.8274
.1
...,
.2 1398.6685 132.5752 .2 1676.3S5~ 145.1416
.3 141)5.3051 132.8894 1683.6502 145.4557
1411.9574 133.2035 1690.93a3 145.7699
.5
.6
14IS.62M
1425.3092
133.5177
133.8318
.,., 1698.2272
1705.5392
146.0841
146.3982
.7 1432.0086 134.1460 .7 1712.8670 146.7124
.9
1438.7238
1445.4546
134.4602
134.7743
.8
.9
1720.2105
1721.5696
147.0265
147.3407
43.0 1452.2012 135.0885 47.0 1734.9445 147.6549
.1 1458.9635 135.4026 .1 1742.3351 147.9690
.,
.2 1465.7415
1472.5352
135.7168
136.03tO
.2
., 1749.7414
1757.1634
148.2832
148.5973
.,.7
.5
1479.3446
1486.1697
1493.0105
136.3451
136.6593
136.9734
..,, 1764.6012
1772.OM6
1719.5237
148.9115
149.2257
149.5398
1499.8670 137.2876 .7 1787.0086 149.8540
.9
1506.7392
1513.6272
137.61)18
181.9159
.8
.9
1794.5091
1802.0254
150.1681
150.4823
,
OAMBBIA STEEL. 44'
AREAS AND CmCUMrERENCES OF emeLEs.
.-. .... .-
(CONTINUED.)
.5
1987.1280 \58.0221 2315.7386 170.58&5
158.3363
""'....
1995.0370 2824.2769 170.902&
.5 2002.9617 158.6504 171.2168
.6 2010.9020 158.96016 .6 2341.3976 171.5310
.7 20\8.8581 159.2787 .7 2349.9820 171.84.51
.9
2026.8299
2OM.S174
159.5929
15U071 2358.5821
2367.1979
rn.1593
172.4734
51.0 2042.8206 160.2212 55.0 2375.8294 172.7876
.1 2050.8395 160.5354 .1 2384.4767 173.IOlS
2OS8.S742
2066.""
160.8495
16t.t637 !393.1396
2401.S183
173.4159
173.7301
~ 2074.9905 161."779 2410.5126 174.0442
...,.....
-
2083.om 161.7920 .5 2419.2227 174.3584
.6 2091.1697 162.1062 .6 174..6726
.7 2099."" 162.4203 .7 2436.6899 174.9867
2107.4I1S
2116..6663
162.7345
163.0487 .... 25.71 175.3009
175.6150
r "8 CAMB n I A S TEEL.
,.......
".0
.1
...
2463.0086
24.7\.8129
,-.-
176.9292
176.2433
-.., -."" -
(CONTINUED.)
' 60.0
.1
.....
2827.4334 188.4956
188.8097
2 2480.6330 176.5575 2846.3\43 189.1239
.3 2489.4687 176.8717 .S 2855.1784 189.4380
2498.3201 177.1858
2865."" 189.7522
.S
.7
2S07.1813
2516.07<11
2524._
177:6000
tTl.8141
118.1283
.S
.7
2874.7536
2884.2...
2893.~17
190.0664
190.3805
190.6947
., 2.\38.-
2542.8129
178.4425
178.7566
.8
.9
2903.3343
2912.8925
191.0088
191.3230
07.0 25:it.7586 179.071)3 61.0 2922.466a 191.6372
.,
.1 2fi&O.72oo
2569.6971
179.3849
179.6991 .,
.1 2932.0563
2941.6617
191.9513
192.26M
2578.6899
"8'/.6984
180:0133
180.3274
.3
2951.2828
2960.9196
192.5796
192.&938
.S
.7
2696.7227
2605.7626
2614.8182
180.64\6
18M557
181.2699
.S
.S
.7
2970.5722
2980.2404
2989.92
193.2079
193.6221
193.8363
., 2623.8896
2632.9766
181.5841
181$82
.9
2999.6241
3009.3394
19.f.\504
19U M6
58.0 2W:0794 182.21,24 62.0 3019.0705 194:7781
.1
.2
2651.197!1
2660.3321
182.5265
182.8407 .,
.1 3028.8173
3038.5798
195.0929
195.4071
.3
2669.~1)
2678.6415
183.1649
183.4690
.3
""'."'"
3058.1&19
195.7212
196.0354
.S
.7
2687.8289
2697.0259
2706.2386
183.7832
184.0973
184.4115
.S
.S , 3067.96tO
3077.7869
196.30195
196.6637
.7 ; 3087."" 196.mg
.9
2715.4670
2724.7112
18<1.7256
1&5.1)398
.8
.9
3097 ..(8.17 197.2920
3107.3511 197.tj062
.
59.0 2733.9710 1%;3&40 ', 63.0- 3117.2463 . t97.9!03
.1
.2
.S
2'74Ut65
2752.5378
2761.8448
185.1,)681
185;\1823
18&.29M
., ,
.1 3127.14n . 198:12345
3137.1)681 198.&481
' .3 , 3147 .~O 198f,"
.5' 2771.1675 ISMH16 (,;, "' ;t 316.9f+ll 199. 770
.8
2780.5068
2189.&599
186$48
187...,. ., .7
[ .9; ~~ 3166.9211- 199:,,\911
31~.904 i . 19'en"
.7 "".2297 1B1.S5:n 31 .9023 200. 195
281S.01M ' 18'_
28(6.515!
1881SI4 :; ,1 31,96.9\61 , 200.~336
32f)&.9456 1"""~478
-
CAMBRI A STEEL. 44.
-
(COSTINURD.)
.,.,
3349.0084
3359.213/1
205.14.60
205.4602 .,
.3 3771.8668
3782.7603
217.1124
2IS.0265
3369.5M5 205.n43 .,., 3793.6695 21S.34ll7
., 3379.8510
3390.1633
206.1l885
206.4026 ..8, 381>4.5944
3815.5349
21S.6M3
21S.9690
., 3400.4913
3410.8350
206.7tG8
207.11310 ., 3826.4913
3831.4.633
219.2832
219.5973
66.0 3421.1944 201.3451
.,
.1 3431.6095
3441.9603
207.6593
20'/.9734
''''
.1
.2
3848.4510
3859.4.&44.
3810.4735
219.9115
"'.2256
22ll.5398
.,
.3 3452.3668
3462.7891
208.2876
208.6017 .,
.3 388t.50S4
""."'"
.,., 3473.2270 208.9159 ..,, 3892.5589
,,",.6252
221.1681
221.4823
.,.8 3483.6801
3494.1500
209.2301
209."" ., 3914.707Z
3925.8048
221.7964
222.1106
., 3504.6351
3515.135a
209.8584
210.1725 ., 3936.9182
3948.0473
222.4248
222.7389
61.0 3525.6523 210.4861 11.0 3959.1921 223.0531
.1 3536.1845 210.8009 .1 3970.3526 223._
2 $46.7324 211 .1150 .2 3981.5288 223.6814
.,
.3 3557.2960
3567.8153
211.4292
211.7433 .,
.8 3992.7208 223.9956
224.3097
., 3578.4104 212.0575 .,., 4.003.92&t
4015.1517 224.6239
.,
.6 3589.0811
3599.1075
212.3717
212.6858 ..8, 4.026.3908 224.9380
225.2522
., 3tllO.3491
3621.0015
213.0000
213.3141 .,
4037.6455
4048.9160
4060.2022
225.","
225.88<15
... CAMBRIA STEEL.
-. ... --
72.'.I 4071.5041
4082.8216
(CONTINUED.)
226.\947
226."'"
DioIIIIer
76.0
.\
...
4536.4598
4548.4057
--
238.7610
239.0752
.2 4094.1649 226_ .2 4560.3673 239.3894
.3 4105.5089 227.137\ .3 4512.3446 23:1.7035
4116.8687 227.4513
4584.3376 24.0.0177
.,
.5
.7
4128.249\
4139.6452
415t.057ll
227.7655
m._
228.3938
.,
.5
.7
4596.3464
4608.37(6
4620.4110
24(1.3318
240.6460
240.9602
.8
.9
4162.4&16
4173.9278
228.7079
229.0221 .9
4632.4668
4644.5384
241.2743
241.5885
73.'.\ 41S5.3868 229._ 7/.' 4656.6257 241.9026
2
.3
4196.8615
(208.3518
4219.8579
229.....
229.9646
230.2787
.,
.\
.3
4668.7287
4680.80174
4692.9818
242.2168
242.l)3tll
242.8451
.5
4231.37W
4242.9112
230.5929
230.9071
.5
4705.1319
4717.~71
2,43.1592
243.4734
.s 42&1.4704 231.2212 .s 4729.4792 243.7876
.7 4266.0393 231.5354 .7 4741.6165 244.1017
.9 4277.6240
4289.224J!
231.8495
232.1637
.8
.9
4753.88S4
4766.1180
244.4159
244.7301
14.0 4300.8403 232.4779 78.'.\ 4nS.a624 245.0442
.,
.I 4312.4721
4324.1195
232.7920
233.1062 ., 4790.6225
""'.8982
245.3584
245.6725
.
.3
.5
<335.7!127
-1347.4616
.s59.t562
233."'"
233.7345
234.0487
..
.3
.5
4815.1897
4B!7.4969
4839.8198
245.9867
246.3009
246.6150
.s 4370.8664 234.3628 .s 4852.1584 246.9292
.7 4382.5924 234,6710 .7 4864..5127 247.2433
.9
4394.3341
4406.0915
234,9911
235.3053
.8
.9
4876.8828
4889.2685
247.5575
241.8717
75.0 4417.8647 235.6194 78.' 4901.6699 248.1858
.1
2
.3
29.6535
4U580
4453.2783
23.\.9336
236.2478
236.6619
.,
.\
.3
491HIS71
4926.6199
493S.968Ii
248.500\)
248.SI41
249.1283
4465.1142 236.8761
.5 4951.432S 249.4425
.5
.6
.7
4476.9669
4-188.833,
4500.7163
237.1902
237.5044
237.SI86
.,
.7
4963.9127
4976.41E4
4988.9198
249.7566
2IiO.07~
260.3849
.9
4512.6151
4524.5296
238.1327
238,4469
.8
.9
5001.4469
5013.9897
260.6991
251.0133
OAMBRI A STEEL. ...
AREAS AND CIRCUMFERENCES OF CIRCLZS.
-.
(CONTINUED.)
.6
.7
5216.8109
5229.62111
5242.(463
266."'"
266.3540
266.6681
.6
.7
5741.4.569
5754.8951
6768.34.89
""."'"
"".9203
269.2346
., 5255.2876
5268.1446
256.9823
257.2964
.9
6781.8185
5795.3038
269.&186
269.8628
82.0 5281.0172 2-57.6106 86.0 ~.8G-I8 270.1770
.1 5293.9056 257.9248 .1 5822.3215 270.4911
2 6306.8007 "'.23S9 .2 5835.8539 270.8053
5319.7295
5332.6650
258.5531
"'-
.S
5849.4020
6862.9659
271.1194
271.4336
.5 5345.6162 259.1814 .5 5876.5454 271.7478
.6
.7
"".5832
5371.5658
269.4.956
259.8097
.6
.7
5890.1406
5903.7516
272.0619
272.3761
.8
.9
6384.5641
5397.5782
260.1239
"'.4.180 .,
.8 5917.3782
5931.0206
272.6902
273.0044
88.0 5410.6079 260.7522 87.0 5944.6787 273.3186
.1 5423.65M 261.0663 .1 5958.~ 273.6327
.2 5436.7146 261.3806 .2 5972.0419 273.9469
..
.S
.5
5449.7914
5462.8840
5475.9923
261.6947
262.0088
262.8230
.S
.5
5985.7471
5999.4680
6013.2047
274.2610
274.57&2
274.889-1
.S M89.U63 262.6371 .6 6026.9570 275.2Q35
.7 5502.2560 262.9513 .7"".72.\0 275.5177
., 5515.4115
5528.5826
263.2655
263.5796 ""."'"
.9 6068.3082
275.8318
276.1460
... CA.M:SlUA STEEL .
-.
88.'
.1
.S
....
6082.1234
""'.9542
6109.80(6
6123.6631
- (CO:-;'T1Nl1ED.)
216.4602
276.7743
277....
277.4026
"'-.
92.'.1
.,.s
....
6647.6100
6662.0692
6676.5441
6691.0347
-
"'.6883
289.3407
"'.-
28tl.9690
~ 6137.5410 277.7168
., 6705.5410 "'.2832
615t.4347 218.0309 6720.0630 290.5973
.1
6165.3441
6179.2692
278.3451
278.6593
.1
6734.6007
6749.1S42
290.9\ 15
291.2256
.9
6193.2101
6207.1666
278.9734
279.2876
.9
6763.7233
6778.308\
291.5398
291.8540
89.0 6221.1388 m.60t7 93.0 6792.9087 292.1681
.1
~
6235.1268
6249.\3G4
6263.1498
279.9159
280.2301
280.5442
.,
.1
.3
6807.5249
6822.1669
""'.8046
292._
292.7964
293.1106
A
.6
15277.1848
5291.2356
280.8584
281.1725 ., 6&1.4680
6866.1471
6880.8419
293.4248
293.7389
.1
6305.3021
63\9.3843
281.4867
881_ .1 "".5524
294.0531
294.3672
.9 6333.4822
~7.5958
282.1150
282.4292
.9
6910.2786
692.5.0205
294.6814
294.9956
90.0 6361.7251 282.7433 94.0 6939.ml 295.3091
.1 6375.87IH 283.0.575 .1 69S4.5515 295.6239
.3
6390.03(13
9404.2013
283.3717
883.6858
.2
.3
6969.3405
6984.1453
295.9380
296.2522
., 6418.3m 294.9000
., 6998.9657 "'.5663
6432.6073 284.3\41 7013.8019
.6
.1
64"_
&461.0701
294.6883
284.9425
.1
7028.138
71).13,6214
"'.8805
297.1947
297.0038
.8
., "'.""
6415.3251
6489.5968 285.571)3 ., 7058.4047
7073.3037
291.""
298.1371
91.0
.1
""'.8822
6518.1843
285.8S49
286.1991
95.0
.1
71l!8.2184
7103.1488
298.4M3
298.76S5
.. "'.....
6532.5021
6561.1848
286.li132
286.8274 7118,(1949
7133.0568
299.11196
299.3938
., 287.1416
7148.0343 299.7079
.1
6575.5497
"".9304
66G4.3267
28"7.4557
287.7699
288.1340
.1
7163.02i6
7178.0365
7193.0612
300.0221
300."'"
300._
., 6618.7:188
6633.1666 "'."'"
288.7124 ., 1208.1016
7223.15n
300.9646
301.2787
CAMBRIA STE EL. . 03
.....
(CONCLUDED.)
.,
.6
7238.6737
7313.8240
7328.9901
302.8495
303.1637
30cum
.,
.6
7604.6648
7620.1293
7635.6095
300.1327
300.4469
3(19.7610
..7,
.9
7344.1718
7359.3&93
7374.5824
303.mo
3M.I062
304.42" ..,,
.7 7651.1054
7666.6171}
7682.1443
310.0752
310.3894
310.7OSS
97.0 7389.81 13 3M.'l345 ".0 7691.6874 311.0177
.1 7405.0559 3050486 .I 7713.2461 311.3318
.2
.3
7420.8162
1435,5921
305.3628
305.67lO
.3
7728.8305
77 .4107
311.6460
31 1.9602
., 1450.8838
7466.1913
805.9911
306.3053
.5
7760.0166
m5.6381
312.2743
312.58S5
.6 7481.5144 806.6194 .6 1791.2754 312.9026
.7 1496.8532 306.9336 .7 7800.9284 313.2168
.9
1
7512.2077
7527 5180
"".,,'
307.5619 .9 7822.5971
7838.2815
313.5309
313.8451
10M 7853.9816 314.1593
To find from the table a ..... ordrcuIIIferenceo for larger dia.lllcteB tlLan too..
gi""n.
. CASE I .
"'or dia.mdera Irnter than 100 and 1_ than l OOt ;
Take from the !able the area or circumference for a circle t.he diameter of
which Is one-tenth of the lriven diameter.
To obtain t he requi~ area or drcuIIlf~""". multiply the area!lO found by
100 and the drcumfere"""!10 found by 10.
For El:am(>le.-Wbat is the area and circumference correapondinl to a
diameter or 459~
From tl>e tableo the area and drcumfe<ence for diametel' 45.11 are I 654.6810 7
and 144.11191. Tllerdore 1M 468.47 and 1441.9'.11 are the area and circum-
ference required.
CASIII' II,
For dia!tleUn &realer than 1000,
Divide the Kiven dia.meler b)' any convenient factor which will ~ive as a
Quotient a diameter found in the- table, and take from the table the ~ Or
circumference for this diamet~r.
To obtain'th~ reQuired area or circumference mult iply the area 10 found by
t"~ squat of tile factor and the l:;rcun,fe",nce 10 found bl' the factor.
f or E.l:afDplc.-\Vi1at is the area. aQd dl"Qlmference ~'Orrel!jII)llding to a
diameter of lIIS31
1 11&3 + 3 _661. "'rom the tablt!S anrl Ca.., I the aTf~a and drcumfe",nce
for diameter 661 are 343 IM.1I5 and 207\1.593. Therdore 3-13 156.115 X II -
3 0S8 4 12.55 _ an:a reQuired. and 2076.003 X 3 _ \I 22'l.7711 _ circumference
reQul~ .
.,. OAMBRIA. STEEL.
.
AREAS AND CIRCU14J'J:RENCES OF CIRCLES.
. ...
"-.
h .0001
.0123
-Dt..mlten iI to 100
.1963
.3927
.""
" -.
I
...
19.6350
20.6290
-
15.7080
16.1007
I
.0491 21.6476 16.4934
I
.1104 1.1781 22.6907 16.8861
.1963 t.57CE1 23.7583 17.2788
.3008 1.9635 ".8505 17.6715
.4418
,6013
2.3.\62 ".9613
27.1086
IS.DMZ
18.4569
2.7489
I
.""
.994'
3.1416
3.5343
6 28.2144
29.4648
18.8496
192423
I
I
j
1.2272
1.4849
1.7671
2.0739
2.4053
2.7612
3.9270
403197
4.7124
6.1051
5.4978
5_
II
".Il797
31.9191
33.1831
34.4717
35.7848
37.1224
19.6350
20.""
20.4204
20.8131
21.2008
21.5985
2 3.1416 6.2832 7 88.4846 21.9912
I 3.5466 6.6759 39.87\3 22.3839
I 3.9761 7.0686 ! 41.2826 22.7766
! ."'"
4.4301 7.4613 42.7tM 23.1693
, I
5.4119
5.9396
6.4918
7....
7.6699
7.8540
8.2467
8.6394
9.0321
9.....
9.8175
I
8
44,1787
45.6636
47.1731
48.7071
6<l.""
61.8487
23.""
23.9547
24.3474
24.7401
25.1828
25.5255
I
I
8.2958 10.2102 53."" 25.9182
8.9462 10.6029 55.... 26.3109
10.9956 56.7451 26.7036
9.6211
10.3206
11.0447
11.3883
11.1810
I 58.""
60.1322
27.0963
27.4890
11.7933 12.1737 I 61.8625 27.8817
I 12.5664
13.3641
12.5664
12.9591
9 63.6174
6.5.3968
28.2744
28.6671
I 14.1863
15.0330
13.3518
13.7-&45 I 67."'"
69.0293
29.0598
29.4525
!
I
j
15.9043
16.8002
11.7206
18.6655
14.1372
14.5299
14:.9226
15.3153
I
I
I
I
10.8823
72.1599
74.6621
16.5889
29.8452
30.23111
".- .
31.0233
OAlLBlUA STEEL.
I ,.."
t
82.516
84.541
86.690
88....
90.763
32.2014
32.5941
32.""
33.3795
33.m2
34.1649 !
182.655
185.661
188.692
191.748
194.828
197.933
47.9094
48.3021
48.6948
49.0875
49.4802
49.8729
11 95.033 34.6576 2<11.062
I 97.205 34.9503 " 2(14.216
50.2656
50._
I
I
99.402
101.623
HI3.86tl
35.3-430
35.7357
36.1284
I
I
207.395
210.598
213.825
51.0510
5t.4437
51.8364
I I
106.139
108.434
110.754
36.5211
36.9138
37.3065 I
217.077
220.354
223.655
52.2291
52.6218
53.0145
" 113.098
115.466
37.6992
38.0919
17
I
226.981
2:30.331
53.4072
53.7999
I 117.859
120.277
122.719
38.4&4.6
38.8773
39.2700
I
I
233.706
237.105
240.529
54.1926
54.""
54.9780
I 125.185
m.6Tl
".6621
40.0554
I 243.977
247.450
65.3707
65.7634
j 130.192 4(1.4481 ! 250.'" 56.1561
13 132.733
135.297
40.8408
41.2335
18 254.470 ".5488
I 258.016 56.9415
I 137.887 41.6262 I 261.587
26:1.183
57.3342
tI 140.501 42.0189 67.7269
I
j
143.139
145.802
148.490
151.202
42.4116
42.81)4,3
43.1970
43.5897
Ij
"'.1W3
272.....
276.117
279.811
58.1196
58.5123
68.9050
59.2977
43.9824 283.529
"I 153.938
156.700 -K3751
19
! 287.272
59.6004
60.0831
II 159.485
162.296
166.130
167.990
44.7678
45.1605
45.6532
45.9-159
II ..."" "....
291.040
"'.64B
302.489
60.4758
61.2612
61.6539
I j
170.874
173.782
46.3386
46.7313 I 806.355
310.245 I ".-
62.4393
466 CAMBRIA STEEL.
k 525.838 81.2889
21 346.361 65.9736 26 530.930 81.6816
t
1
350.497 66.3663 t 536.048 82.0743
354.657 66.7590 1 541.190 82.4670
~
A
8
~5
358.842
363,051
67.1517
67.5444
..
!
~
3
546.356
551.547
82,8597
83.2524
.
A
367.285
371.543
67.9371
68,3298
},
8
3
556.763
562.003
83,6451
84.0378
..
~
7
375.826 68.7225 . ~
7
567.267 84.4305
22 380.134 69.1152 27 572.557 84.8232
tJ. 384.466 69.5079 tJ. 577.870 85.2159
~ 388,822 69.9006 4 583.209 85,6086
~- 393.203 70.2933 i 588.571 86.0013
1
li 397.609 70,6860 ! 593.959 86,3940
i3 402,038 71.0787 i3 599,371 86,7867
~ 406.494 71.4714 ~ 604.807 87.1794
t 410.97a 71.8641 k 610.268 87.5721
23 415.477 72.2568 28 615,754 87.9648
J. 420.004 72.6495 621.264 88.3575
8 t
1 424.558 73,0422 1A 626,798 88.7502
tJ. 429.135 73.4349 8 632.357 89.1429
2 433,737 73,8276 J.
2 637,941 89.5356
i 438.364 74.2203 i3 643.549 89,9283
I7 443,015 74.6130 649.182 90,3210
. 447.690 75.0057 k
~
654.840 90,7137
24 452.390 75.3984 29 660.521 91.1064
t
1-
457.115
461.864
75.7911
76,1838
.
1
1
666.228
671.959
91.4991
91.8918
-~ 466,638 76.5765 677.714 92,2845
!5
. 471.436
476.259
76,9692
77.3619
*i J.
2 683.494
689.299
92.6772
93,0699
I 481.107 77.7546 t7 695.128 93.4626
..
7
485,979 78.1473 il 700.982 93.8553
CAMBRIA S TEEL . ..,
-
ARUJl AND CmCUMJ"ERENCES OF CIRCLZS.
-.
30
....
.....
706.860
712.763
,-
Dlameten
....-
94.641
If to
"
100.
. ....
962.115
"'.000
109.956
110.349
I ..I
718.690 " .033 975.909 110.741
" .... 2 95.426 "'.842 111.134
730.618 95.819 "".000 111.627
736.619
74!.M5
1'8.695
gs.212
"....
".997
"'.'"
1003.700
1010.m;
111 .919
112.312
112.705
I ".'"
785.510
791.732
797.979
804.""
99.U6
100.138
100.531 37
1053.528
1060.73!
1067.960
1076.213
115.061
115.454
115.846
116.239
" 810.545 100.924 11112.490 tl6.632
I
I. ...... ..I
816.865 101.317 1~.'792 tt7.1J25
823.210 101.700 1097.118 117.417
82U79 102.102 1104.459 117.810
"'.m 102.495 11 11 .8 118.203
.......
842.391 100..,
110.21<1
1119.2
112&.859
118.595
118.988
855.301 103.673 1134.118 1IU81
861:m 10(.065 11-41,691 119.m
I .I
10( ..($
...
IIO.1l!i 120.166
""
88t..f15
888.005
10U51
1052
105.636
Il~6.612
1164.159
1171.731
120.5&9
120.952
121.34-4
"'.620 106.029 1179.327
I t86.~
121.737
001.259 106.422 122.130
997.922 106.814 1194.693 122.522
" 1114.611 1"'.207 1202.263 122.915
I
921.323
028.061
"'''''
941.609
948.<!Il
955.255
I
107.600
107.9112
I Il3.:m
11l3.778
100.171
109.5& I
12O!I.958
1217.677
IUS.420
1233.188
1240.981
IUS.798
123.~
123.700
124.0!I3
124.-186
12<8'"'
125.271
468 CAMBRIA STEEL.
!
1689.11
1698.23
145.692
146.084
~
8 1360.82 130.769 !.l 1707.37 146.477
i 1369.00 131.162 1716.54 146.870
t 1377.21 131.554 ..
7
1725.73 147.262
42 1385.45 131.947 47 1734.95 147.655
1 1393.70 132.340 t 1744.19 148.048
13 1401.99 132.733 i 1753.45 148.441
.! 1410.30
1418.63
133.125
133.518
i
!5
1762.74
1772.06
148.833
149.226
!3
-.:
1426.99
1435.37
133.911
134.303
.
3
-.:
1781.40
1790.76
149.619
150.011
! 1443.77 134.696 ! 1800.15 150.404
43 1452.20 135.089 48 1809.56 150.797
1l. 1460.66 135.481 t 1819.00 151.189
1469.14 135.874 1 1828.46 151.582
i 1477.64 136.267 i 1837.95 151.975
! 1486.17 136.660 ! 1847.46 152.368
!3 1494.73 137.052 !3 1856.99 152.760
1503.30 137.445 -.: 1866.55 153.153
..-.:
7
1511.91 137.838 t 1876.14 153.546
44 1520.53 138.230 49 1885.75 153.938
11. 1529.19
1537.86
138.623
139.016
..
1
1.
1895.38
1905.04
154.331
154.724
..
3
1546.56 139.408
i 1914.72 155.116
!1'. 1555.29 139.801 ! 1924.43 155.509
8 1564.04 140.194 t 1934.16 155.902
i 1572.81 140.587 i 1943.91 156.295
! 1581.61 140.979 ! 1953.69 156.687
CAMBRIA STEEL. 4,.
AREAS AND CIRCUMFERENCES OF CIRCLES.
..... ...
'"
I
1963.50
1973.33
1983.18
1993.06
-157.tm
157.478
157.865
158.258
..... ...
D t..meton Ie to 100
55
I
I
2375.83
"".65
2397.48
""'.34
-
172.788
173.181
173.573
173.966
! 2002.97 158.651 2419.23 174.359
II
51
2012.89
2022.85
2032.82
2042.83
159.043
159.436
159.829
160.222
I 2430.14
21.07
2452.03
174.751
175.144
175.537
II
2052.85 160.614
'" 2463.01
2474.02
175.930
Ii
176.322
~i
161.007 2485.05 176.716
161.400 2496.11 177.108
161.792 2507.19 177.500
162.185 2518.30 177.893
I 162.[i78 I 2529.43 178.286
I 162.971) I 2540.58 178.678
52 2123.72 163.363
II
I 2133.94
2144.19
163.756
164.149 "I 2551.76
"".97
2574.20
179.071
179.464
2154.46
2164.76
164.541
164.934
I! 2585.45
2596.73
179.857
180.249
180.642
2175.08 165.327 "".03
I
181.035
2185.42
2195.79
221)6.19
165.719
166.112 I 2619.36
2630.71
181.427
181.820
"I 2216.61
2227.05
166.505
166.897
167.290
58
I
2642.09
2653.49
2664.91
182.213
182.605
182.998
I 2237.52
2248.1)1
167.683 I 2676.36 183.3111
I
168.076 2687.84 183.784
2258.53
2269.1)7
168.468
168.861
I
I
2699.33
2710.86
184.176
184..~
I 2219.34
"'-'" I 272!A.t 184..962
54 ""'.23 169.646 2733.98 185.354
I 2300.84
2311.48
170.039
171).432 "I 2746.67 185.747
I
2757.20 186.140
I
2322.16 170.824 2768.84 186.532
2332.83 171.217 2780.51 186.925
I 2343.55 171.611) 2792.21 187.318
I 23M" 172.003 2803.93 187.711
I "".06 172.3115 2815.67 188.103
60 CAMBRIA STEEL.
-. ... -
60 2827.
2839.23
DI..meten
188.496
n to 100.
..... ...
"; 3318.31
3331.09
""'"'"-
204.204
204.597
!I 2851.05
2882.88
'88.889
189.281
189.614 I! 334'$
3356.71
204.989
"'.382
! 2874.76 190.067 3369.56 205.776
2888.66 190.459 3382.44 206.167
II 2898Ji1
2910.51
190.852
191.245
II 3395.3.'1
3408.26
"'.560
206.953
61 2922.47 191.638 66 3421.2(1 207.346
; 3434.17 2117.738
I
2934.46 192.030
192.423 3447.17 2(6.131
I 2946.48
2958.52 192.816
193,2(6
3460.19
3413.24
208.624
208.916
I I
"".58
2982.67
"'3006.92
4.7, 193.601
193.994
194.386 I "".30
3499.40
3512.62
209.309
209.702
210.094
3S25.66 210.487
"; 3019.08
3031.26
3043.47
194.779
195.172
195.565 '"I 3>88.88
3.\52.02
210.880
211.273
II 306.'i.71
3067.97
195.967
196.350
I 3S65.24
3578.48
211.665
212.058
I
63
"".25
3092.56
3104.89
3117.25
196.743
191.135
197.528
197.921 68
I 3591.74
3605.04
3618.35
3631.69
212.451
212.843
213.236
213.629
; 3129.64 198.313 ; 3645.05 214.021
3142.04 198.706 I 3658.44 214.414.
I 3154047 199.099 I 367'.86 214.807
II 3166.93
3179.41
3191.91
,,,....
199.492
200.277
I ""." 3698.76
3712.24
215.200
216.592
215.9&5
I 3204.(4 200.67(1 I 3725.75 216.378
3217.00 201.062 69 3739.29 216.770
"II "".58
3242.18
2(lt.45::i
21)1.848
I
I
3762.85
3766.43
3780.0<
217.163
217.556
217.9(8
I 32M.81 202.240
I 3267.46
3280.14
202.633
2(13.026
II 3793.68
"".34
218.341
218.734
3.292.84 203.419 I 3821.02 219.127
I 3305.56 203.8J1 I 8834.T.! 219.519
l
CAMBRIA STEEL. '61
or
- ... -
AREAS AND cmCUMFERENCES CI RCLES.
n to lOO.
...
DWneten
D~. "'"""'-
- .
70 3848.46 219.912 75 4417.87 235.""
I "".22 220.305 I 44~.61 236.013
3876.00 220.697 I 4447.38 236.405
II 3889.80
3903.63
221.090
221.483
I 4462.16
4476.98
236.798
237.191
I 3917.49 221.875 j 4491.81 237.583
I 3931.37 222.268 4506.67 237.976
I 3945.27 222.661 I 4521.56 238.369
11 3959.20 223.054 76 4536.47 238.762
3973.15 223.446 I 4Mi1.41 239.\54
II 3987.13
4001.13
4015.16
4029.21
223.839
224.232
224.624
225.017
I
I
I
I
4566.36
4581.35
4596.36
4611.39
239.547
239.940
240.332
240.725
4043.29 225.410 I 4626.45 241.118
I 4057.39 225.802 I 4641.53 241.510
."'... ",.,,,
12 4071.51 226.195 TI 4656.M 241.903
I 4085.66 I 4671.n 2<2.296
I 226.981 4686.92 242.689
I
I
4114.04
4128.26
227.'"
227.766
II 471)2.10
4717.31
243.081
243.474
I 4142.51 228.159 4732.54 243.867
I
I
73
4Hi6.78
4171.08
4185.40
228.551
228.944
229.337 78
I 4747.79
4763.07
4778.37
244.259
244.652
245.045
I 4199.74 129.729 I 4793.70 245.437
4214.11 230.122 I 4809.05 24.\.830
II 4228.51 230.515 I 4824.43 246.223
42<2.93
4257.31
230."
231.300 j 4889"
4855.26
246.616
247.008
II 4r71.84
4286.33
231.693
232.006
I
I
4870.71
4886.\8
247.401
247.794
74 4300.85 232.478 79 490U8 248.186
I 4315.39 232.871 I 4917.21 248.579
'4329.96 233.264 I 4932.75 248.912
II 43.55
4359.17
233.056
234J).I9
I
I
4M8.33
4963.92
249.364
249.757
4373.81 I 4979.55 250.150
II 4388.47
4403.16
234A 42
234.835
235.227
I
I
4995.19
5010.86
250.543
250.935
... CAKlIRIA STEE L .
or
,-
ARBAS AND CIRCUMPERENCES CIRCLES.
D~.
I
""'.79
I 5Il!9.59 2.\2.899 574t.47 268.607
6105.41 253.291 5758.27 268.m
II 5121.25
6137.12
253.684
"'.077
5775.10
5791.94
269.392
269.785
81 5153.01 254.470 86 S808.82 270.178
I 5168.93 5825.i2 270.570
I ft184.87
5200.85
"'.862
255.2M
255.'"
I 6842.64.
SSSS.S9
270.963
271.356
I
6216.82
5232.84
"".88
256.040
"'.433
256.826
II 5876.56
5893.55
5910.58
271.748
272.141
272.534
"".w 257.218 5927.62 272.926
82 5281.03 257.611 87 5944.69 273.319
I &297.14. "'.00< I 5961.79 273.713
5313.28 $8.397 I 5978.91 274.105
II 5329.44
5345.63
"'.m
259.182
I 5996.05
60\3.22
274.497
274.890
II 6361.84
5378."
2.59.575
259.967
I
I
6030.41
0047.63
275.283
275.675
6394.34 260.300 I ""'.87 276.068
83 5410.62 260.153 88 6082.14 276.461
I 5426.93 261.145 I 6099.43 276.S53
5443.26 261.538 6116.74 271.246
I i)oW9.62
5476.01
261.931
262.324
II 6134.!lI
6151.45
277.638
278.032
I
84
5492.41
5506.84
5525.30
262.716
263.109
263.502
263.8114
I
6168.84
6186.25
6203.69
278.424
278.817
279.210
279.602
6&1 \.78
5558.29 264..287 " 6221.15
6288.64 279.995
I 5574.82
559\.37
6607.95
264..680
265.072
265.465
I 6256.15
6273.69
6291.25
280.388
280.780
281.173
I "',.. .... 56
5641.18
265.858
266.251
266.64.3 I 85<0.84
6326.45
6344.08 I
281.566
281.959
282.351
OAIolBRIA STEEL.
AREAS AND CIRCUMFERENCES or CIRCLES.
.-
90
. ....
6361.74
-
Dla.meten h
282.744
to 100.
........
95
-. --
""'.24 298.4.52
I 6379.42 283.137 7106.90
I
298.845
63ll7.13 283.'" 7125.[;9
I 6UU6
6432.62
283.922
284.315
7144.31
299.237
299.630
300.023
I ""...
7163.04
I
91
6450.40
6468.21
6883.90
6521.78
284.707
285.100
285.493
285.886
288.278
I
96
7181.81
7200.60
7219.41
7238.25
3000415
300.~
301.201
301.594
I
72&7.11 301.\186
6.\39.68 286.671 7216.99 302.379
65S7.61
6575.56
"".064
287.456
7294.91 302.m
I
'lS13.84 303.164
6.593.54 287.849 7332.80 303.557
I
6611.55
6629.57
6647.63
"'.242
"'.'" f 7851.79
7370.79
7389.83
303.""
....342
....735
"I 6665.70
289.027
289.420
97
7408.89 305.128
I 6883.80
6701.93
6720.08
289.813
290.306
290.598
II
74Zl.'l
7447J:~
7466.21
305.521
305.918
306.306
I 6738.25
6756.45
6774.68
290.991
291.383
291.776 I
74&5.37
7!iGU5
7523.75
306.699
307.091
3117....
"I 6792.92
6811.20
292.169
292.562 " 7542.98
7562.24
3117-'577
308.270
I
I
6829.49
68-17.82
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4'0 CA._DBIA. STEEL.
MENSURATION.
LENGTH.
Circumference of circle _ diameter X 3.1416.
Diameter of circle " circumference X 0.3183.
Side of square of equal periphery as circle .. diameter X 0.7854.
Diameter of circle of equal periphery as square - side X 1.2732.
Side of an inscribed square .. diameter of circle X 0.7071.
Length of arc - No. of degrees X diameter X 0.008727.
Circumference of circle whose diameter is 1 ..
or .. 3.14159Z(i5.
, - v'+"4
2v i 4"if .. 0.564190
1
c'
or very neariy, - 8v o .. ,I ~ - x' - (r - v)
c'
Of, very nearly, ~ Sr
....... ,
Triangle .. base X half perpendicular height.
Parallelogram .. base X perpendicular height.
Trapezoid .. half the sum of the parallel sides X perpendicular
height.
Trapezium, found by dividing into two triangles.
Circle .. diameter squared X 0.7854; or, - circumference
squared X 0.07058.
Sector of circle - length of arc X half radius.
OAMBRIA 8TEEL.
4v3 , 0.388v
/" +4
Side of square of equal area as circle - diameter"X 0.8862; also,
- circumference X 0.282l.
Diameter of circle of equal area as square - side X 1.1284.
Parabola - base X j height.
Ellip&e - long diameter X short diameter X 0.7854.
Regular polygon - sum of sides X half perpendicular distance
from center to sides.
Cylinder - (circumference X height) + area of both ends.
Sphere - diameter squared X 3.141 6;
also, - circumference X d iameter.
Segment of sphere - (height of segment X circumference of
sphere of which it is a part) + area of base.
Right pyramid or cone - periphery or circumference of base X
half slant height.
Frustum of a regula r right pyramid or cone _ (sum of peri pheries
or cireumferenccs of the two ends X half sla nt height) + area
of both ends.
!SOLID CONTENTS.
P rism, right or oblique. - area of base X perpend icular height.
Cylinder, right or oblique _ area of !leCtion at right angles to
wes X length of side.
Sphere - diameter cubed X 0.5236; a lso, - surface X t
diameter.
Segment of sphere _ (height squared + three times the square
of radius of base) X (height X 0.5236).
Side of an equal cube - diameter of sphere X 0.806.
Length of an equal cylinder - diameter of sphere X 0.6667.
Pyramid or cone, right or oblique, regular or irregula r, - a rea
of base X t perpendicular height.
Frustum of cone _ multiply area of two ends together, extract
the square root; add to this root the two areas and X i altitude.
,.
CAlIBRIA. STE EL.
- ..
"-
.,..,
.-. ....... """
"-
.
..... ....
I,MnIII
~ .... ,-
--
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.00010
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t poul>d avoirdupois - U!lmS JXY.lnd. troy.
I lid. I.On" 2(lOO pouodl .. .8928.'J7 ..... lOn.
nOy W1IQIIT.
VDltIod ltaw. and Brltlah.
Al'OTmC.umcS' WEIGHT.
-....
Unlted Statu and Brlt1ah.
" ,...
M
'A
...
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..,,'".......
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XA.tJTICAL MEAStJlLE .
1 nautical mile, IU adopW by the- Unit~ Sta~ CooS( and G>detic Surv~y .
equall the Ienlh of One minute of an: of a Krnt dn:Le of a Iphe~ wrn- l urfate
eQua4 t hat of the earth .. fiOSO.2Q.I feet .. 1. 1516 statute mil5.
I 1...."" .. 3 "",utical milee .. 18210.013 feet.
OtrHTEB'8 CHAIN.
I link .. 1.92 illChe!I ...0\ chain .. .000125 mile.
I chain .. 100 [inb .. 06 feet .. 4 rodl .. .01 25 mi"'.
I mile .. 80 dlains .. 8000 I1nb.
,.,"'.,.
.."'.
-... ....
.......... ............ ...... .. ..
=, .....""'""
I .. I. .111111
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I.
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mi
1(1(). I.
~-
.00156"..5
27878400. 30117Il00. 10'l400.
l
&40.
I ~uare rood .. 40 ~Ullre rod .
I acre .. 4 oqUII ... rood .
I oqUII~ ac~ .. 208.71 feet oqUII ....
'9' OAMBRI A STEEL.
, ..~ ... ~
........
,01.10525 S3.000312:i
.. ..,. .. ~
~
~
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"
M
n.
.."
637.11M
1100.42
I hea.Ded bushel .. 1.25 _trud, bushel, and the a>ne must be not Ie. than
6 Inches hill>.
n
... ,.m ......
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1.21875
.
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57.75
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MJ:TRIC SYSTEM.
LDGrI. .-.
....... ---
.... .
- --- ......
MeuUTell ot Lto~. Capaclt1' &Qd WeJaht
.. ..
.....
'00
00 ..
'00
"
I myrio.lMt~ oM 10 kiIolMtl'el " 10000 md.f'8.
.
-00'
1 to .."" .. 1000 Iillosra"''''''' ..
100 Quiutab .. 10 myr\a.lftmmeo.
1 p mme .. .. ~ht 01. 1 o;ubk: oenl imft'" 01. d w.;l~ a t iu maximu", wa_
denail~ at _ Jevelm btitllde ol. Parii alUl barometer al 700 ",Ull_rtS.
.
1 Ut"''' 1 cubic decimetll'.
JUTIlIC SYSTEM.
-.."""" - .l!:::..
SquU1l or Surface M_~
.~
.-. ...... ........ .....
..-
.~
~
~
.~ ,,~
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...
.
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.00
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.
I IQIIAIl' myriametll''' 100 lQuare tllomttml .. 100 000 000 1Iquan: metRll.
- .-
IRTIlIC SYlITDI.
CublG MtUIIn.
.... "'"
... ."""".. .........
Cl.bI<~ e.bIoCol~ e.b"lliII~
......
........ ......
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. ...
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-
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. "-
""'- h_10'.....
I 64.19892 31.10348 28.34953 .45359 .90718 1.01605
2129.59784 62.20696 56.69905 .90718 1.81437 2.03200
3 194.39676 93.311} &.1l48>8 1.36078 2.72165 3.04814
,,
U9.19567 124.4139Z 113.39811
323.99459 165.51140 141.74763
388.79351 186.62088 110Jl9716
1.81437
2.26796
2.121M
3.62874
4.53392
5.44311
4.06419
'6.119628
.08024
1 453.59243 217.72437 198.44669 3.17515 6.35029 7.11233
8 518.~135 248.82785 226.79621 3.62874 7.25748 8.12838
9 583.19026 279.93133 255.14514- '.1l11233 8.1tW66 9.14442
...
Linear Meuure.
..
.- .- .-
,-- ,
,. &hb of OR hO SlalD.II IliIoI
I
-."'"
.39688
Go_
2.54001
.-
\.60935
3.21869
1.=
3.10650
2
3
,
1.19063
\.58750
5.08001
7.62002
IO.lti003 .
..""'"
6.43739
5.55975
7.41300
1.98438 12.70003 S.M6?4 9."'"
1
6 2.38125
2.77813
15.24003
17.78004
9."""
11.26543
11.11950
12.97275
8
9
3.17501
aJi7188
20.32004
22.86005
12.87478
14.48412
I 16.67925
14.82600
L
CAMBRIA STEEL. <DO
" -,-
,~
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5
5.1)3936
7.009M
10.07872
12.59840
15.11808
1._
.78740
1.18110
1.57480
2.36220
6.561667
9.842500
13.123333
16.404161
19.685000
2.187222
3.280833
4.374444
5.468056
6.561667
U1274
1.86411
2.48548
3.10685
3.12822
1.07919
1.61878
2.15837
2.69796
3.23756
7 17.63776 2.75590 22.965833 7.655278 4.34959 3.m15
8 20.16744 3.14960 26.246667 8.748889 4.97096 4.31614
9 22.67712 3.54330 29.627!iOO 9."""" 6.69233 '.85633
r
.... CAMBRIA. STEEL.
..
Squ.... M u .. un.
..-- .
5juniDoMt
~
5!un r~
~- .~-
.....,
.-
....
--
5!un IIiloo
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---
I 6.45163 .09290 .83613 .40470 2.59000
2 12.9032S .1S581 1.67226 .lIOO39 5.18000
.-
3 19.3M88 .27871 2._ 1.21409 7.77000
4 23.8005<\ .37161 3.34452 t.61m 10.35999
6
7
32.U813
38.70975
45.16138
.46452
.55742
U8065
5.0167t1
5.85m
2.0234.9
2.42818
2.83288
12.94999
tfi.63999
18.12999
,
8 51.61300
58.06463
.74323
.83613
6."'"
7.52518
3.23758
3.64228
20.71999
23._
1 Square Statute Mile .. 259.00 Hectares.
Cuble :MeuUl'e
OII.m~
Cl. bio~
1)Uio1....
Ca.\Il<I__
,
7
8
114.71013
131.09729
147.48445
.11471
.131 HI
.14748
.19823
.22654
....85
5.35192
6.11648
6.88104
L
CAMBRIA STEEL. 4
.
8quu. M.uUrfl.
., _. s...... CtltI-
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7.511Hi
11 .35630
.00079
.00757
.01136
.71)'"
1.05718
3.69671
7.39M3
11.09014
14.78685
">7'"
69.14741
88.7!11l
,
6
3.78543
4.73179
5.67815
15.14174
18.92717
22.11260
.01514
.01893
.oml
1.40957
1.76196
2.11436
1 8.~7
!2.18028
118.29482
147.8685.2
177.44222
,
7
8
6.62451
7.!'i7I)37
8.51723
26.4\1804
80.28347
34.06891
.02650
.03""
.03-107
2.46676
2.81914
3. 17154
25.87699
29.57370
33.27M2
207.01593
236.68963
266.16334.
- -
lIIIlacelW:leolU
....... ......
..
... ..
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--. --... --... --.- -- .
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.....,.....
1 U 8816 ..,.,1 '.88241 16.01837 .13826 1.01387
2.97632 ,14061 9.76482 32.03674 .21651
.....
2.02775
,
6
4046448
5.%264
7.441131
8.m97
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21092
.35153
.42184
14.64723
19.52963
24.4121).1
29.294..f5
48.055\0
6U17348
80.09185
iG.t1021
.4.1477
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.82953
3.04162
4.00049
6.06937
6."""-
7
8
9
10.41713
11.9(1.)..99
\3.39345
......
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34.1768e
39.~
43.94168
11%.1!858
128.146t15
144.16:)32
.,.",
1.I06Q.1
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7.0971 t
8.11098
9.12-486
CAMBRI A BTEEL. 0 01 .
Capacity Me&.lunl.
-
-
PI" ~
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I 2601.17047 ,.8377, .27051 .03381
2.11336 .52834 528.34093 6.67548 .54102 .116763
3 3.17005 .792.\1 792.51140 8.51323 .81 163 .10144
,,
5 I."""
4.22673
6.28341 1.32085
1056.68187
1320.8fi23.t
11.35097
14.18871
1.<620-1
I."'"
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I."""
6.34009
7.30077 1.84919
: 1585.02280
1849.193..."7
17.02645
19.86420
1.62300
1.89357
.0288
.28670
8
9
8.46346
9.51014
2.1 1336
2.37753
2113.36374
2377.53-120
22.701 9~
25.53968
2.1(41)3
2.43460 ."'"
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1.34398
2.01590
'3.35984
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Sojuro I.....
14.22340
28.44680
(2.67020
56.89859
!
.-
Sojurolool..
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1.1:rl41)3
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.12486
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14.46600
21.69899
28.93199
.1&32
1.97264
2.95895
8.S-I527
, 4.0::180
71.11699
85.34039 I.- .81214
.87457
36.16499
48.89799
4,93159
5.91791
,
8
4.70377
5.87574
6.04710
99.56379
118.78719
128.01059
1.43372
1.63854
1.84835
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57.86398
65.09698
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6.90423
8.87686
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BLUiI boll: itlrden. tablesor.afe load_for
BLUlS. _ on I>o3ril\l piau:. for wpeo uRd
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IftIoMlIoI formu"" for flau"" of
...,
278-288
80.8 1
H2.143
itln;io:,n.noteIoo . .. ,
l rilla .... n",n'?'!.lo.foundalionl.
_lion. ~Ilron..,pa,.,.tonfor.
or
(UUO lCctions of lpoecial
'"
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4 .5. 7.9
.. ,. .tandam 24.6-8
.. .ta ndat<:l connection anKIeo for . ,
uplanation of tabl ... of I,)mpertle. of
dlall;mmor .ecdon oof m'nimum otandard
"
158. 100
location or conn..:tion aniln for
ma.imum bPndinlli mom~nU In fool I>oundilor
.. ei~ofriveuln..... .. .
"
44.45
U8
41. 328
n,;nlmum lpans for, "'llh "anda,d con"""'llon anilleo
not .... oo Iatual 8trflllth of
.. wilhout Iat .... l .upport
... Ie Ioood~ lor
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,,-.,
IfQCi1lll for
r>mJ)Mtion.of_OOMofllanda,d
Ipacil1.Jl of riVft a .. d bolt holn In fbn~ aDd coo
~ion angles or..
,.
. . . . . .....
Ipan.limil;1\I aDd ma.imum _fe Io.d. dlle to nip-
!>Iinlof,,",b ... , ..
."
tabln of booirinll: plain lor .
.. propen;'" of ,perlal
.. nandam ""
166. 167
164- 167
... Ie loadl for ...
'r>:lcil1.Jlfor"
l.n8~n<di'l.n~ bet"'e('n filleuo .
"",llhuo and dimensionl of lperl:d
.. ..
..
uRd at rollin,,,,
.
,tanda..1
l'M""tlon in Mft load. and fib"" Itml. due to lateral n...u",of.
.
..
."
88-00
21S-221
106-117
34.35
of uniform _,Ion. bend;n, momenu and ddlectiolll for ,
.. ...fe.uperim~ IOAd,"nd .bean for
oroodm. ROtelon bearil>Jlial t>o.>Inuoof .uppOt!
"
144-147
144-147
.. noteson_feload,(or
'"
"'....
3710-31'8
lable! of lIlIe Ioadolor
B ...... >(G plat ... for ' .beam. .Ddcll2.nne!s, tablelof .lzetof
.. 1000wpet .. Rda.beam nDlnon
v:alun '" pin platel. tabl ... ",
.
!l2.M
=='""
81U$S. wellhuo of abeetl and s>!alefor .. 40:2.403
B_I',",<I)I(; un;1 u . - . labl"" of. fo r timber
B_ICII:. hollow. for partitions and arch... _I.buo of
CAlIlBRIA STEEL.
, ... CIII:
B.">CKpiMiLnd nue.., dlmtndo ... of 3M
BI/'P ..... L.O. ""t~ from buildl'4llawloI.... 300-32 1
Btlu..ull<C Lawlol "",riou. eltlee. "tractl fTOm. 300-32 1
BULa RI\jI.Iee .. cuuollOt<:uonlo'. 18.19
.. "TO"".llel of .... _..... '. 172.173
... ~i'III. Qnd d!~Mlonlof. oil
C .... I..Kand""""mea ... re ..... . -193
C .... fOfllin~and p.--d ItttllJlltU.... U.2;';
CASTironcolumll.S.ubieeot.leloa<blorhollow,round, ... ' 271 .27li
" .. .. ltrn>Cth olbollow. TOundand ~ ... ul;.. 276
buedorcoluDlM. t)'J)lca1 dt~iLsof .. _. ' _. ......... 217
..,pant.ton.ltandlird II.Ddlpoc>al,. lor ,bta...... .... M. M
('1I11..1l<C.. wri.huofVO"""~_lIalo." ... "'. ~7
CK"-"uof In.,itl'. lormulelorlocatlonol. inc.mbriaIOt<:IIoDl_ 11'1. 149
.. Ioc:atlonof. In variou.III!'CtIoDl. 1~ 1 ~7
CM ... ,l<"- dlmensionu.nd ,,ti~ht. of ..-e Ioaddor. . 3-S3
C"""'Sll..and pLo.lecolu"'DI.lableeofdim~ ... iolllof .. ' _.. 206-209
".. .. IOlfelood. lor,..,rlelA UO-2Ml
....... .. ... Ieo B . 200-273
column . l~tlId, dlameterol riveu lor. ' .. , .. 24;';
.. .. .pIlel ... olrivMl.orJaclnlba.... 2-1-1
lableo of dirnenolono of. 204
., .Ic load. for. 212-21li
CH ... l<SKI..5.beari ... plateefor.tableeof, .,'.'.'. M
.. "(lundlird)'or.tabWof. :i2
~~of~!" ... ofl~ . 12- 1-1
I ... ndard........ ... 10-12
ltandard connection lu.gLee for, . 43
diagn.m oflOt<:tlon&ofmlnimumltandard .... , , '. . . . 23
""planation 01 propertlee of otandard and ~l.. ,. IW
1iml,l,.. .pan, and maximum .fe load, due to "'eb crip-
'""
pli ......... , ........................... .
m:ui?,1um !'r~~~~rg~.'~.i~.f~.t.~~~'~~:'. __ 50.328
minimum lpa ... fo., ... lth .tandard connection .,..Ieo
provonJo ... of _tlo ... of ltandard ..
~e~.for.tablesof ..... .
DOt.elon '.'_._,_'."
100-1(15
' .. _. "...,
""
spacing of r;,~ and bolt boles in 1Ia~ and a>nnection
anglelof, . '" _... _.
.,"
tablet of pro~rtiee of I~ .... 170.171
.. .. .uandard .. 168.169
"'"lC1lt diltlan<'el bet,,'<!Cn fillcu
wd~ht.t and di1!~noioDlof .~I.
.. ..
('m(' A(',t). Uln.(U froll. blilldln~ law. of ....
.",ndard 36.37
300-321
"
Cl NC'''N'''T'.utrac," .rom build;n~I"",.of, .. . ... . ... ' .. ' . 300 321
C' .(;L&~ rea.s.nddrcum'~~nceeof. for,Jiamel~ ... rt'lt~r than 100
'"
..
.. .. tablcoof 411-463
C ' .CL'U. IlLates.limltln.,l&eIol_ ... 32.33
..... ..,,
CI.C\nOInuscu of drdel ... . . . 4<11-463
.. .. fordlametenrp-elltertban 100
"rollnd ba... . ....... _
Clnu. Otr.cU from bulldi ... Ia,," of variou .
CU'""'ND. e>:.tJact.I from bulldl... La .... of.
CI..IIV,us, dimmllionl of.. .... ... .. .... _ .. _ .. . . . .
.,....,,,
''''...,''
CO"'~'(;'''l<TS?! dctl~.tion lor btam . ,""planation of tablesof . '".,
.h:aPCOlUoM as beam . ' __ . , .
.. u","gth.uplaMtlon of tableeol. for I.. beaml. '"
COI..UJoISS. ba_Io . typical detan'or,............... ' ' . '"
'"
caM iron. hollow. round and ~tangul:;lr. 8lrtnath of.
" .. .. ... bleo of .fe load or .
'beatnS 110M ai, tablet of .fe Ioa<b for ..
"''CUI
'"
27. 275
21"1,221
laltid channel. dla-'C.of
., "lattbba.... n".tayp!at.ellor
for . . .. .
Ulbleeof dim""*",,,- ot _ ,..'"
2-1 1. z..li
CAMBRIA S TEEL. '0'
COI..""''''l.I~ui<:cd channels. tabl",,01 ""fe loads for. PA""
2 ~2 ~2--I5
plate and cMn""l. tahl",,01 dime ... ioa. of. .'.. ..
.... .. .. ..... feload.for. oerl""A.
.... .. .. .. B
""'-""
2-1{l--259
260-273
.t~L. e .... mp"'" of 1M noe oIllIet"hI"" of .,rengl.h Of .. . . .. .
.. el<pianalion of tables or dimensLona ~nd tare loads for ".
196.197
merlin,n. tablesof .trelt8tll of . 19-1 . 195
.. . tOll .. .. 192.193
,,'OOden. note. on . ., . .. 37&
.. table.ora"en,thof ... 39 1. 39~
Co..POUN" .hape!. "ropeni"" "f. nrnc. On .
CONCIlKT". reinfomed. fortloo labs. 1>0"'"00,.... . .""
.. ..., .. formul~for"ndtabl,,"of
CO""IKT,ON anlll"" for Ibeam. and eMnnel cutoof .
...... .. no","on.
. , .
H.75
.,
42.46
lJIBCinll of rivet and
bolt hoi"" In. 48.49
beam . locationof. H.4[,
notes on ....................... , .. , ____
CON""~_'ON tabl"". U. S. "",ighll and m"","o,""" to met.k and ftU
"'TId . . , ..... , ..
"
.oo-ro.
Coppu.we~htoo(.n.""toandpLatelof ...... . 402.400
COl/Nn~ rod9.1oop .....,lderl eyes. dlme",ion. of .... ' . 356.357
.. wi,htolldo. 0l_te)"". dimenaionlof 35-~
C ..... ""mil,cuto(8eCtionof . , . . . . ' ... ID
.. weight. dlmeIWono"nd propert;"'of .. , ........ .
CIlIPPUNG o( "",bs of I-beam. and cMnneLs. note. and tabl"" on
CURKSandrubetOOto. tables of ,
'"
7{1--79
473 .... 89
Cuu,cortolid "' ..... u.., . ... .. .... <. . . . . . . . . . .
CIJSTQ .... IlV weillhlland dimen.ioRl, wnverterl to me'rk. ."
496-501
CtlTS o( _tion. of "ngl"" . pec:ial "'lual"nd u~oall~o.
.... .. standard. eQuall~ ..
.. un"'!ualleg . ""
b"lb
"po:(:ial I .
18.19
4.5,7.9
"
''''ndard I 2..... 6-8
channels, special and .hlp .. 12-11
.. otandard .......... 10-12
connection angles, standard.
crane rail,
t)'pical detail. (or I~l columns. column 'b,;";' ~nd plate
gird~",_ .
""
m
.""
CtIT!lail . tabl""of . . . . . . . , .
DltCt .... Lp.u~"" tandard. tables or. . ' . __ _" .. ' . 00
par,,"of a foot fo',"",ell oof an inch. 18bl",,0I. ~0-l""07
.. 9nlnch ......
DULKCTIO><. coefficient or. for beam . uplanation o( tables of.
. . . . ' ....
."
.. .. .h.aPNused aa beam . tablelof.
of be<lnll, fo.mula: for .. _...
'"
80.8\
...,,,
H2~ 147
n"",'u. utncU fron. bulldin~ lawlol ..
DItSIGS of r-elnfon:ed ooncr-ete tloorolab. . .... .'... . ......... . 74.75
DRTA'LS of plate l!irder:e and column
bracke........... .. .. ..
Ioa_. o~1 columno. spl;""" and
m
DETIlOlT.Ulne.. from buildlnllb.,,aof, 300-321
""
D ... G....... 10. minimum Ir.anrl"rd b .... '"", ............. .
.. .. cbannel., ... .. . . . ' ...... , .
D.>lBNSJONS and ... f~ load. of .'eel column ,""pl"nation of tables of.
..
196. 197
of cllain . wei~huof .... Ieload.fo .
.. ~n~leo l)ecial.~uall e ~ . '"'"
...
.... .. uneQuallep.
.ta"dard.~<I"alle-ttS .. .
""
.. une<tnalL~ . . . . . . . . . . . 39.40
.. bol"8nd nn,,". Frnnklin Inllitutestandard ...
.. bolt head. and nu ... Manufactur-e...tandard. 341-343
.. bridg~ pin . nu .. and pilOln""", .................. .
.. bulb anllleo.
'"
/
06 CAMBRIA STEEL .
IllS. 100
p!ateand ,*,ann~l colum~.tablesof ... riesAanJ 1.1
. riJlh.t andlrlt nuU .. , .
. ri""t~d.aft<:rd rkin~ ...
-""'" .%2
. 8landard pi~... . . .
. 8~lbilleUl.
.,.
.. Btandard T ... i1&and c ... ne "'il
. .............. .
"'''''
''''
27 ....'10
.. " ,. oquare""rne<e<1. 28,19
,. bloomsands!abJ. Z8,~
:: ~uideand hand round ...
,nROUl..... . ...... ..
" oqna..,.,
. top aU;lTd al\ile. "'"
"turnbncklH ... , ...... ,., .. .
" n~t ocrew elld. lor !tat ban.... . ..... .
'" "
Dooa.preaderlOeCtion.
. . .. round and 8Quare ban... .
D'ST .. NCE lrom neutral axis to e~treme fibre 01 8tandard IOeCtion.,
. ......... ".
'",.
3 H ~317
118.149
Day mea.ure. . ............... .
0<::1" plat ..... d;meruionlof ....... , ......... .
EX ..... N .. TIONS of tableo of propoerti .... of anKL .... .
.. ,. ,. channels.
'"'00"
Ibeams . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
""Ie lood. for beam 00% t;rMn and plate
''''
u.s, 1[.9
tlrdtt........ . ... . 277
EYBban,dime""hn.or ................ ..
" t"""'-cotta floor arch .... ,
~' .. CTOllSof""lcty lor "ariou.wooden .tructures ....... , ..
F ' .....:.treu.aLLowable. for di~t !klure. in utreme fibre.
"
;Hll
:I~
PAGE
FRANKLIN INSTITUTE STANDARD for bolts and nuts ..... 334-337
FUNCTIONS, natural trigonometrical . ........ . 466-472
FURRING, weights of porous terra-cotta for . ....... .... .... ... . .... . 57
GAS, steam and water pipe, sizes of wrought iron welded . . . 362-364
GAUGE, ta~~e of Ameri.san or Brown & Sharp~ wire. . .. . .......... . 401
Screw Co. screw WIfe . . . . . . 401
Birmingham or Stubs iron wire . . . 401
British Imperial standard wire. .. . ... "" ,. 401
standard decimal. ...................... . 400
Trenton Iron Co. wire . ......................... . 401
U. S. standard for iron and steel sheets and plates ... . 401
Washburn & Moen Co. and Roebling's Sons Co. wire. 401
GIRDERS. beam box and plate. explanations of tables of safe loads for .. 277
" tables of safe loads for. . . . . . . . . ........... . 278-288
notes on beams used as . ............................. . 42
plate. stiffener angles and rivet spacing for, notes on . . 277
" tables of safe loads for ............... . 289-298
GRAVITY, specific. for various kinds of timber . ........ . 380
.. of various substances, tables of . . 396-399
GRILLAGE beams for foundations, notes on ...... . .. .............. . . 299
GRIP of rivets and bolts through flanges of beams and channels .. .... . 48.49
.. .. lengths required for . ........ . 326
GUIDE rounds, dimensions of . 26
GUNTER'S chain measure . ............. . 493
GYRATION, radii of. see Radiiof gyration.
HAND rounds, dimensions of .. .............. . 26
HARTFORD, extracts from building laws of . ... . 300-321
HEADS or circular plates. limiting sizes of . ...................... . 32.33
HEADS. bolt. weights and dimensions of, Manufacturers' standard .. 34 1
rivet, dimensions of, after driving .. ...................... . 352
square and hexagon, weights of, Franklin Institute standard .. . 336,337
HOLLOW brick. weights of, for arches and partitions ... ............. . 57
round and rectangular cast iron columns. strength of . .. . 276
Hoop or band steel, tables of weights of.. . ........ . 428
INCH, decimals of, for each n'" tables of. . . . . ........... . 408
.. a foot for fractions of an ...... ........... . 404-407
INERTIA, moments of, explanations of tables of. for rectangles. 160
" formulre for various sections. 151-157
for standard sections . . . 148.149
tables of. for rectangles ......... . . . . . .... . 186,187
INGOTS, grades. sizes and weights of steel. . . .. . ......... . 26
JERSEY CITY, extracts from building laws of .. . 300-321
LAND or square measure . ................................ , .. . 493
LATERAL flexure, reduction of allowable fibre stress due to. 71
pins and rods, dimensions of. . . . . . . . . . ......... . 355
rods, loop welded eyes, dimensiollsof ............ . 356,357
strength of I-beams ............................ ... . 66-71
" "without lateral support, notes on . ..... . 70
LATTICE bars to be used with latticed channel columns, rivet spacing for 244
" " .. .. .. .. weights and di-
mensions of. 244
LATTICED chal,l,nel col,-!!""ns, spacing of r~vets for lacing bars .. ....... . 244
rIvets for, diameter of. ................ . 245
tables of dimensions of. ................ . 204
.. moments of inertia and section
moduli of. 205
safe loads for ..... . 242-245
LAWS, building, of various cities, extracts from. 300-321
LINEAR me~~ure ........... , .... , . , .. , 493
LIQUID ......... . 494
LIVE loads for floors ........................................... . 42.300
LOADS and unit stresses, allowable. from bnilding law3 of various cities. 300-321
safe, see Safe Loads. . . . . . . ................. .
LOGARITHMS of numbers, .. , , ...................... , ........... . 464,465
Loop welded eyes for counter and lateral ro~ls. dimensions of, . 356. :{57
Los ANGELES. extracts from building laws of. ..................... . 300-321
r 0.
""'"""
.. rnachintboluandboltlleada.
lI.lua.",an.d htlallOn nuta. 3 ~2.343
specifications ............ . 365->174
structural and boiler oteet. ~71
MASONRY,allowable pr.,...",..,,,,, .. _. ........ ........ _. ~
MAX,><U" loads fo r Ibeam, and channel. du e to web cril'pling. .. 76-79
.hear at ""inuof IUP1>01"1. far bNm. of uniform _tion HI-I U
MUSVRgS, Melrl<: System. lenath,capadty and wcight ......... . 405
.. .. lK\u.areorourfaoe ..ndcubic., ........ 49~
U. S.and Hritilh.tlnear. rope. chain. Mutkaland land. 493
.. .. cubkor lOlid.dryandllquid. ."
MKAsu",,,sand wei'lu... ....... , ................. .
v"lum~..
w~il[huand
U.s., tabl .. [or converting.
~~:;=:::""'sT:~~:'~ea.-.;~ "rA' -I~~gth:' ~~ity: ;,':eiiht:
... ." .. , ... , ...... .
m.... u"""oonv~rtM to U. S.
are> .., 492-195
496-001
"90,491
49::;
496-&l1
M ILW.. Ut:KE. utra<;U from bllildlltj[; lawo of ..............
MISIMWoI opans I". !>.am. and channel. du~ to ,,.,b "ri"pI'''II.
.. .. withotanda.dan~leoonllKtioD.l .... "'"'''
,,,-ro
channels with standa.d antl~ ooDn=ion" "
M I"NEAPOLlS, e~lract. from buildlnillawo of
M ODULI. St>clion. for !>.am u"Ia""tiono;, "
.. .. latt~ cl>.~nnel ooll""no. "'"''''""
.. plateandaltj[;lecolumn, ,.
.. .. .. channelcolumlll .. =-'" ""
210-2 16
.. "atioua~t i""., formul",!o . 151-1:;7
MOISTURII dassitkation n! wood~n !truclu",," .... 379.380
MO>(IISTS. bendin~, for be;!.m,of nnilomo leellon,. 141- 14 7
o!in~"ia. lormula for.tandard sections. 148. H9
.. . . . . various sections. . . ..... . 1:;I-157
D! lallioNi channel column . tables 01 ,
.. plato:anda,,"lecolumn . tab~,of ...
.. Dlato:andchannel columns. tableoof .
m-"
2 10-216
""
:: =~!'A~.,..,.planationoftable1!of_ '00
tabl ... of. ... , ... ISO, 187
NAILS. ata",lard cut wi ... 8nd m'~1I8neou tables of 358-36\
NA TU1tAl. lin ... , CO<oo:<:anU, langenu. etc. 1t16-4n
NAUTICAL m~ure_ .......... . . . . .. "03
NEWAR". utrncU lrom building law. of. 300-321
NKWHA\,I!><." .. .. .... 300-32 1
Nl!wOlou.... s ... 300-:121
NltwVoR1o'. ..
NtJrS. d'm~.~lio"o ".~ p"n and pilot.
"j{htandldt . .....
",Iua",and hengon. Franklin Institutcotandard,
.. ...... "'"''' 35t
351
..
NllTSandbolt.o.
.. Manu!actu ... rsstandar<.1.
"'''''
3 12,343
PAnlTlOS$. wci~hUl and dimension. of porou, terrn-cotta and hollow """"
bricklor .......... , .... ".
PI\'LAnltLPH'''. utra<;U from building lawsof .
P,us.wooden .... feload. and . izealor .... _ ," "
"'"'''
PIWY nul-9. b,idljle niM and pin nuUl. dimen.1om ..!
PINS and riveUl. uplo.nation .. ltablea ol ,.
PIS plalel, lable of !>.aring values of
'"
,,,
""
P '>-'S. dime,;,.' ions'!! bri'll'!_
lat~ral_ . .. . ... ' ..
'"
3M
3M
tabl~of muimum be"dinj{ m.. menUl .. " ., , ... 332.333
PIP . weiKhUl. dimeD$i"n. and I>roperties <>f ~tandard _. 362-361
PITTS IIURGII.e~uactsfn)m buildin~ lawI <>f ..... . 300-3>,
PU.TE and al\Jllec:olumn ..... fe loodt lor. notea .. n ..
.... .. tables of dimenliolUol ,
'"
198. 19'1
CAMBBIA STEEL.
..
T .raila. atalldard nd c:",ne ",il ..
,'""
P.u..... " o..sol...:llono of llandard 1 ~III"rod dlannelo .
1" "''PIIII<c.. utracufrom buildingla... of ........... JOO-32 1
RAn" of 'ynllDnfnC!wo.na ..... back tobtock,eq ...lka.. . .....
.. .. .... .. . . . . . . u~wol"'81 190.191
aal1lple of .;~';i t.bJ~
of ........
of ,.,.riou .....c:tio1ll. fonnuhefur .....
RA.L r"r era,,". cutoloectionof........ .. . . . . . . .
''''..
1:'1-157
.. .. l?ropenloeo ...,elJh~anddhnenvo .... or OS,
ItA".... T. prol>l'rtU!l. wci,lu.aanddimcnsionloi ... .
R KClrMlCALS. tabl .. of.. . ........... .. . .. ,.
R K<;T .. ..-GIlL... hollowca.t iron column ot..,n~th of .
RRCUI<GLiES. table.ofmomentsof inenla of .
'"
473-48U
,."
186. 187
R.,SVO'Cln concrete lioorllab3 ......... " .,. 74.75
.. allowable unil U.--o for .. 7';.320
R.el1Tlnd 1"1 1\utJ.dlme ... lo ... of. . . .... ..... .. 351
R.vnan.d bolt .rlpoin tlan~ ... oIlbea"..and chan ....II ..... . 48.49
R,vlrlD plata. a""" to bededucted toobtaln ~ are.oI. ..
R,,'IT ' ~c. conventional aignlfor ... , .. , ..............
RlvlTS. a1"tU to be d<dua<d to obtain M1. . - 01 rl~ 0lil"".
dl_lonoo( beod. after drivl"l: ..
""'"
'"
328,329
for .... ttlooM chan ...1coIumn latt;':""to and atay plata.
"'oath 01. req .. i~ fordilJerent iJrlPi .
lpacin, of. ~neral ruIN for .........
'"
'"
m._
US
PAGE
RiVETS, tables of maximum sizes of, in angles ... . ........ . ....... . 50,328
.... .. . . . . . . I-beams and cha nnels .. . 50,328
:: s hearing a nd bearing values of. ........ . 324,325
spacing of . .......................... . 329
weight of round headed ....... .. ..... . ........ . 340
.. .. 100, induding 100 heads .............. . 327
R OCHESTER , extracts from building laws of ................. . 300-321
RODS, counter a nd lateral, with loop welded eyes, dimensions of. .. 356,357
.. .. .. .. solid or upset eyes, dimensions of. 355
ROOFING, weights of porous terra-cotta for . 57
materials, weights of. . . . . . ........... , 72
ROPE and cable measure . . . . . . . . . . . ........... . . . ..... . . 493
\ ROOTS, square a nd cube, ta bles of ........... . .......... . 473-489
ROUND bars, circumferences. weights and areas of . .... . .. . 409-415
.. upset screw ends for . ............... . .. . . . ..... . ... . 344.345
hollow cast iron columns . strength of . ..... . 276
ROUNDS, dimensions of hand and guide ........................... . 26
RULES for proportions of bolts and nuts, Franklin Institute standard .. 3~~
.. rivet spacing for bridge and structural work . ............ . 330
SAFE LOADS, explanation of tables of, for box and plate girders ..... . 277
.. . . . . . . flat and segmental floor arches. 58
:: f~r s teel columns . ........ . 196- 197
wooden beams . ...... . 375-378
for a ngles used as beams, notes on . ............... . . 82
.. I-beams and channels, notes on . .... . .......... . 82-87
II beams . reduction in, due to lateral flexure . . . ....... . 71
maximum. for I-beams and channels, due to crippling of
web .................. ...... ....... . . 76-79
for various classes of wooden s tructures . .............. . 379
superimposed for beams of unifo rm section . ... . ...... . . 144- 147
ta~l.es ~~ f~r angles used.as beams ... . ...... . 120- 141
.. .. bea!" box girders ... . ....... . . 278-288
chaIns.............. . ..... . . .. . . 353
channels ..... ....... . . . .............. . 100- 105
channel and plate columns, Series A ...... . 246-259
.. .... .. .. B ..... . 260-273
hollow round cast iron columns . .. 274,275
I-beams . ..... . . .. .. ... . . . . . 88-99
used as columns . ....... ..... . .. . 218-221
:: :: lattice<! channel columns .... . . 242- 245
plate girders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ 289- 298
.. .. terra-cotta floor arches . . ...... . 59-61
" " wooden beams . .. . 388-393
SAFE ullit stresses fo r timber .. . ......... . ..... . . . .............. . 381-387
SAFETY factors for obtaining safe load3 for wooden structures . . ..... . 380
.. used in the safe loa ds for steel columns .. ........... . 197
SA" FRANCISCO, extracts from building laws of ............... . ... . . 300-321
SCREW el~?S, dimel!.sions <?! u~~et. f~r flat bars . ............ . . . . . . . . . 348
round and square bars . .. .. ... . 344-347
threads , Franklin Institute standard. . . .... . . . .... . 334,335
SEATTLE , extracts from building laws of. ....... .. ............... . 300-321
SECTION moduli fo r beams, explanation of .. ............. ... .... 158
" .. latticed channel columns . ........... ....... . . 205
.. plate and angle columns . ... ... . . ........ . ... . 200- 202
.. " .. cha nnel columns . .. .. .............. . 210-216
II various sections. formula! for . ..... . 151-157
SEPARATORS for I-beams. cast iron standard and special. ......... .. . 04,55
SHEAR, maximum, at points of s upport for beams of uniform section . . 144- 147
SHEARED plates. dimensions of . .. . . . ...... .. . . 31-33
SHEARING values of rivets , tables of. ............................ . 324,325
SHEET and tin bars .. . ........................ . .... . 30
metal and wire gauges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .....,. . .. 400,401
SHEETS and plates of steel, wrought iron , copper and brass, weights of . 402,403
thin sheared. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................... . 31
SHIP chan~els, c uts of .sections of. ......... . 13,14
propertles of. .. . ..... . . 170,171
CAMBRIA STEEL. 511
PAGE
SHIP channels, weights and dimensions of ...... . 37
SIGNS, conventionalfor riveting .... . 323
SLABS, reinforced concrete .......... . . 73-75
steel, dimensions of ..... ..... . 28,29
SLEEVE nuts. see Right and left nuts. . . . ............ .
SOILS, safe bearing capacity of various. . . . . . . . . . . . .', ... . . .. . 310
SOLID or cubic measure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ........ . 494
SPACING ~o~, I-be'}!'!s imd examples of the use of tables of. ........... . 84-87
tables of ................................... . 106-117
of channels, for equal moments of inertia, notes on ......... . 196,197
.. .. .. .. .... .. tables of ........ . 203
.. rivet and bol t holes in angles ......................... . 50
" " " .. .. .. I~~eams. channels and connection
angles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48, 49
:: ri~,ets, rules for bridge and structural work ........ : . . . . . 330
tables of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
.. tie rods for tile arches, notes on and tables of. . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.65
SPANS,limiting, for I-beams and channels, notes and tables. . . . . . . . . . . 76-79
SPECIFIC gra~ity. ta~!es f,?.r var!,?us kinds of timber. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380
substances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 396-399
SPECIFICATION. Mfrs.' standard, structural and boiler steel.. . . . . . . 365-374
SPIKES, cut steel. railroad, square boat and standard 358-361
SPLICES for riveted columns, typical details of. . . . . . . . . 217
SQUARE bars, dimensions of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
.. tables of weights and areas of. ....................... 409-415
upset ends for.. ....... . .............. 346,347
or land measure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493
SQUARE roots, tables of. .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . . ............. 473-489
SQUARES, tables of. ............. ..... .. .. .. .... .......... . .. 473-489
STANDARD decimal gauge, table of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400
sections, formulre for moments of inertia of. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 148, 149
separators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... 54
STAY plates to be used with latticed channel columns. . . . 245
STEAM, gas and water pipe. sizes of.. . . . . . . . . ..... . ... ,. 362-364
STEEL bars, tables of areas of flat rolled ................ . .... ..... 422-427
.. .. .. weights of flat rolled ............ .. ........... 429-440
billets.... . . . . .. ..................... . ........... ..... 27-30
blooms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... 28-30
hoop or band, table of weights of.. ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428
ingots.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 26
rounds, hand and guide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
slabs. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28. 29
squares, dimensions of .... '.' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Manufacturers' standard specifications of .... ,. . . 365-374
weights of sheets and plates of. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 402.403
STIFFENER angles for plate girders, notes on. . . . . . . 277
ST. LOUls,extr:,;ctsf~,?m buil~ingl~;vs '?.f. ....... :.. 300-321
ST. PAUL. .................... 300-321
STRENGTH. coefficients of, for beams, explanation of tables of. . 158
of solid wooden columns. tables of. . . . . . . . 394,395
:: st.~el coh.~~ns. exa~ples of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
medIUm steel. . . . . . . . . . . 194, 195
soft steel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 192. 193
ultimate, of hollow round and rectangular cast iron columns 276
STRESS, reduction of, for beams due to lateral flexure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
safe unit, for timber. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381-387
STRIPS, flat rolled; tables of weights of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428
SYRACUSE; extracts from building laws of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 300-321
STRUCTURAL steer, Manufacturers' standard specifications. . . . . . . . . . 365
TANGENT distances between fillets of I-beams and channels. . . . . . . . . . 48,49
TERRA-COTTA floor arches,'notes on, tables for. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58-61
. porou~, riotes and tables for. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
THRUST of arches, notes on.. . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. .. ... 63, 66-69
TIE rods for arches. notes on. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
.. tile arches, notes and tables for spacing of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,65
TILE arches, breaking loads and tests for hollow floor .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
512 CAMBRIA STEEL.
PAGE
TILE arches. notes and tables for spacing of tie rods for .. ........... . 64.65
hollow. weights of. for floor arches ......... . . .. ....... . . .... . 57
TIMBER, safe unit stresses for . ...... ... . .. ....... .. ............. . 381-387
table of breaking and working unit stresses for ... . . . .. .. .. . 381-387
.. .. safe loads for beams ............................ . 388-393
.. specific gravities and weights per foot . ... ....... . . . 380
strength of solid wooden columns . ............... .
U 394,395
TIN bars ..................................................... . 30
TOP-GUARD an~!e. cut of se.ction of. .............................. . 18
properties of. .... . ... ... . .. . ...... . . .. . ... ... . 172,173
weight and dimensions of. ..................... . 41
T - RAILS, properties, weights and dimensions of standard ..... . ..... . 188
TRIGONOMETRICAL functions, natural . ........................... . 466-472
TROY weight ................................................ . 492
TURNBUCKLES, dimensions of ................................... . 350
ULTIMATE breaking unit stresses, in lbs. per SQ. in. for wood .......... . 381-387
stre,:,.gth ~f hollow round and rectangular cast iron columns 276
steel columns ............................. . 192-195
UNIT stresses and loads from the building laws of various cities ....... . 300-321
UPSET eyes for counter and lateral rods ........................... . 355
screw.~nds, dim~?sions <?!, f~r flat bars . ... ...... .. . .... ... . . 348
round and square bars ....... .. . 344-347
WASHINGTON. extracts from building laws of. ..................... . 300-321
WATER, steam and gas pipe, sizes of ......... . ... ........ . .... .. . . 362-364
WEB crippling in I-beams and channels ........................... 76-79
WEIGHTS and measures .... . . . ... ....... . ... ... .... .... . ... .. 492-495
.. .. tables for converting . ............ ........ . 496-501
avoirdupois. troy and apothecaries' .................... 492
~f an!!,l,es, spe.';ial, equal legs ............................ . 40
unequal legs ........... . ...... ... .... 41
standard. equal legs .......................... . 38
.. u neQ uallegs. . ... . ... . .... .... ..... . 39,40
" bulb angles ........... ............. .... . ... . .... . . . 41
:: ~,st i~?n sepa~tors and bolts for I-bea.ms . ............. . 54,55
" . standard and special. ... .... . .. ... 54,55
chaIns .... ....... ........................... .. .... . 353
:: chan,t;lels, special and ship . .......... . ...... , ....... , . 37
standard ... ....... . .. ................... 36,37
.. flat arches of hollow brick ........................... . 57
:: :: ro!!ed ste~l bars. tables of ........................ . 429-440
striPS, hoop or band steel. .................. . 428
:: hol~?w brick and p,oro lls te rra-cotta partitions, .. , ...... . 57
round cast 1ron columns . ........ , ............ . 274,275
tile floor arches and fireproof materials .......... . 57
:: I-b~,ms, ~k~~a~~ci : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :
35
34,35
" ingots, steel .. ... , ... , . , ........... .... , .. , ........ . 26
" lattice bars to be used with latticed channel columns .... . 244
" machine bolts, bolt heads and nuts. Mfrs.' standard ..... . 338.339
341,343
with square heads and hex. nuts. Franklin
Institute standard ................... 336.337
" minimum stay plates to be used with latticed channel
columns.. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
" porous terra-eotta. furring, roofing and ceiling. ... . . . . . . . 57
roofing materials. ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I I 72
" round headed rivets and bolts without nuts. . . . . . . . . . . . 340
rivets and rivet heads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
II 327
" sheets and plates of iron, steel, copper and brass .. . ..... 402,403
" square and round bars ............................... 409,415
" standard pipe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 362-364
" standard T -rails and crane rail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
" various substances per cubic foot. tables of .............. 396-399
per foot board measure and cubic foot for various kinds of
timber. . . .................... . . . ........ .... ..... . 380
WIRE and sheet metal gauges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
CAMBRIA STEEL. lll3