DATA HANDLING

Sreeram.R
 DATA

Collected unprocessed information is called Data.

Runs made by batsman in test matches,
Number of wickets taken by a bowler in the last 10
matches
Marks scored by students in Maths unit test .
The information collected in the above instances is
example of Data.
Data and its graphical representation.

Data can be represented graphically to give a clear idea of what it

represents.
Pictographs, Bar graphs, Double bar graphs, Histograms,Pie charts etc
are different types of graphs used to represent data .
 Pictograph
Pictographs (sometimes known as picture graphs) rely on
the use of a picture or symbol to represent a fixed
quantity of data.

January : :

February : : : :

March : : :

April : : : : :

May : : : :

June : : : :
 Bar graph

Displays information using bars of uniform width.

Heights of bars proportional to values.

Academic Years No of students

2003-2004 100
2004-2005 200
2004-2005 250
2005-2006 300
2006-2007 350
 Double bar graph
A double bar graph shows two sets of data
simultaneously. Used for comparison of data.
 Organising Data using
frequency distribution table & tally marks

Frequency gives the number of times

that a particular entry occurs.
Tally marks are a quick way of
keeping track of numbers in groups
of five.
One vertical line is made for each of
the first four numbers; the fifth
number is represented by a diagonal
line across the previous four.
 HISTOGRAM
Height of Bars give the number of
data items in a particular group and is
the frequency of the class interval
Bars are of equal height with no gaps
in between
The range is divided into equal
intervals
 Frequency distribution table

Data presented in this manner is said to be grouped and the distribution so

obtained is called grouped frequency distribution.
0-10,10-20,20-30 etc is called Class interval.
In the interval 10-20 , 10 is called lower class limit and 20 is called the upper class limit.
Difference between upper class limit and lower class limit is called width or size of
class interval.
 Pie chart or Circle graph
A circle graph or Pie chart shows relation between
whole and its parts.
In pie chart whole circle is divided into sectors.
The size of each sector is proportional to information it
represents.
 Chance and probability
Chance is a term that describes the likelihood of an
event taking place.
Probability, on the other hand is a branch of
mathematics that is capable of calculating the chance
or likelihood of an event taking place in percentage
terms
A random experiment is an experiment or a process
for which the outcome cannot be predicted with
certainty
If a coin is tossed the head or tail are two out comes
of the experiment.
Each outcome of an experiment or a collection of
outcome make an event.
 Probability

Probability =
Example :
If a bag has 4 red balls and 2 yellow balls. Find the probability
of getting a yellow ball?
Number of favourable outcome = 2
Total number of outcomes = 6
Probability = 2/6 = 1/3
 Application of probability
To find the characteristics of a large group by using a
small part of the group.
For example Exit poll during election
 Application of probability
It involves,
asking peoples whom they have voted for when they come out
after voting at the centres which are choses off hand and
distributed all over the area.

This gives an idea of chance of winning of each candidates and

predictions are made accordingly.
 Application of probability

Meteorological department predicts weather by

observing trends from the data over many years in
the past.