Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Contents i
NOTICE
ASPEN Distance Relay Editor is a proprietary computer program of Advanced Systems for Power Engineering, Inc.
(ASPEN).
The information in this document is subject to change without notice. ASPEN assumes no responsibility for any errors
that may appear in this document.
Copyright 1988-2015 Advanced Systems for Power Engineering, Inc. All right reserved.
This User's Manual may be duplicated by the Licensee for its own use. You can order a new copy by writing to the
address below. Please refer to document DE-UM-2015.
Telephone: (650)347-3997
Fax: (650)347-0233
eMail (English): support@aspeninc.com
eMail (Spanish/Portuguese): suporte@aspeninc.com
WEB Page: www.aspeninc.com
Our office hours are from 8:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. Pacific time (GMT-8 in the winter; GMT-7 in the summer), Monday
through Friday.
__________________________________________________________________________________
ASPEN OneLiner, ASPEN Breaker Rating Module, ASPEN Power Flow, ASPEN DistriView,
PowerScript, ASPEN Relay Database, ASPEN Line Constants Program, and ASPEN Line Database are
trademarks of Advanced Systems for Power Engineering, Inc.
ii Contents
Contents
SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 5
1.1 OVERVIEW ....................................................................................................................................................... 5
1.2 DISTANCE RELAY LIBRARY ......................................................................................................................... 5
1.3 ABOUT THIS MANUAL ................................................................................................................................... 6
1.4 INSTALLING THE PROGRAM ........................................................................................................................ 6
1.5 STARTING THE PROGRAM ............................................................................................................................ 6
SECTION 2 DISTANCE RELAY MODELING ................................................................................................ 7
2.1 WHATS IN A RELAY TYPE ............................................................................................................................ 7
2.2 METHODS ......................................................................................................................................................... 8
2.3 DISTANCE RELAY SIMULATION IN ONELINER AND DISTRIVIEW ......................................................... 9
2.4 VOLTAGE MEMORY AND POLARIZATION ................................................................................................ 9
2.5 MHO AND MHO4 METHOD .......................................................................................................................... 11
2.6 GCX METHOD ................................................................................................................................................ 13
2.7 KD METHOD ................................................................................................................................................... 14
2.8 QUAD AND QUAD4 METHOD...................................................................................................................... 15
2.9 HZ METHOD ................................................................................................................................................... 17
2.10 HZM METHOD .............................................................................................................................................. 18
2.11 HCZ METHOD ............................................................................................................................................... 19
2.12 RAZOA METHOD ......................................................................................................................................... 20
2.13 REL316 METHOD ......................................................................................................................................... 21
2.14 REL316_4 METHOD ..................................................................................................................................... 23
2.15 REL 521 METHOD ........................................................................................................................................ 26
2.16 7SA513 METHOD .......................................................................................................................................... 28
2.17 7SA511 METHOD .......................................................................................................................................... 30
2.18 7SA611 METHOD .......................................................................................................................................... 33
2.19 SEL-XXXP__ AND SEL-XXXG__ METHODS ........................................................................................... 35
2.20 D60P__, D60G__, D90P__, D90G__, L60P__, L60G__, L90P__, L90G__ METHODS .............................. 38
2.21 REL521P__, REL521G__, REL531P__, REL531G__ METHODS............................................................... 41
2.22 P437__ METHOD........................................................................................................................................... 44
2.23 P441__ METHOD........................................................................................................................................... 46
2.24 P443P__ AND P443G__ METHODS ............................................................................................................. 48
2.25 ZR20 METHOD.............................................................................................................................................. 50
2.26 REL670P__ AND REL670G__ METHODS .................................................................................................. 52
2.27 7SA522__ METHOD ...................................................................................................................................... 56
2.28 GRL100G__ AND GRL100P__ METHOD ................................................................................................... 59
SECTION 3 COMMAND REFERENCE .......................................................................................................... 68
3.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................ 73
3.2 MAIN WINDOW COMMANDS ..................................................................................................................... 74
FILE MENU ........................................................................................................................................................ 75
NEW COMMAND ............................................................................................................................................................. 75
OPEN COMMAND............................................................................................................................................................ 76
SAVE COMMAND............................................................................................................................................................ 77
SAVE AS COMMAND...................................................................................................................................................... 78
EXIT COMMAND ............................................................................................................................................................. 79
TYPE MENU........................................................................................................................................................ 80
EDIT COMMAND ............................................................................................................................................................. 80
COPY FROM ANOTHER LIBRARY COMMAND ......................................................................................................... 83
VIEW MENU ....................................................................................................................................................... 84
TOOLBAR COMMAND ................................................................................................................................................... 84
Contents iii
STATUS BAR COMMAND .............................................................................................................................................. 85
INDEX ........................................................................................................................................................................ 87
iv Contents
SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 OVERVIEW
The distance relay characteristics used by ASPEN OneLiner/DistriView are stored in a binary file called the
distance relay library. The ASPEN Distance Relay Editor is an auxiliary program for maintaining the distance
relay library.
Note: In the Distance Relay Editor, you will not find relay types associated with vendor-specific methods. The
reason is that for each vendor-specific method, OneLiner/DistriView will automatically create a relay type with
the exact same name when the program starts.
2.2 METHODS
Each relay type in the distance relay library is an instance of a method, which encapsulates the basic relay
technology. The following is a list of methods currently available:
GCX: This method simulates the GCX relay, which has a mho circle with 2 reactance lines.
HZ: This method simulates the HZ balanced-beam relay with circular characteristics.
HZM: This method simulates the HZM balanced-beam relay with circular characteristics. Offsets are
possible.
HCZ: This method simulates the 2-zone balanced-beam relay with variable time delay in zone 2.
KD: This method simulates the KD phase relay from Westinghouse (now ABB).
Mho: This method simulates the mho characteristics created by the classic phase-comparator method.
Mho4: This is identical to the Mho method, except Mho4 can have up to four zones (instead of 3).
Quad: This method simulates the quadrilateral relay. Phase comparators are used to model the straight-line
characteristics.
Quad4: This is identical to the Quad method, except Quad4 has 4 zones (instead of 3) and the resistive
blinders for each zone can be specified independently.
RAZOA: This method simulates the ABB RAZOA relay.
REL316 and REL316_4: This method simulates the ABB REL316 relay.
REL521 : This method simulates the ABB REL521 relay.
7SA513: This method simulates the Siemens 7SA513 relay.
7SA511: This method simulates the Siemens 7SA511 relay.
ZR20: This relay model simulates distance relay models available in the ZR20 software program.
The following methods, with names that end with two underscore characters, are vendor-specific methods. They
are designed to model in detail a specific make and model of a distance relay. You will not be able to create
types based on these methods.
SEL-311P__, SEL-311G__, SEL321P__, SEL321G__, SEL-421P__, and SEL-421G_: These methods
simulate Schweitzer Engineering Lab.s SEL-311, SEL321 and SEL-421 relays.
D60P__, D60G__, D90P__, D90G__, L60P__, L60G__, L60P__, L60G__: These methods simulate GE
D60, D90Plus, L60 and L90 line protection distance relays.
REL521P__, REL521G__, REL531P__, REL531G__, REL670P__, REL670G: These methods simulate
Siemens REL521, REL531 and REL670 distance relays.
P437__, P441__, P443P__ and P443G__: These methods simulate Areva P437, P441 and P433G distance
relays.
More details on each of the methods listed above will be given later in this section.
2.7 KD METHOD
The KD Method models the original KD relay as well as a number of electromechanical and microprocessor
relay types that utilize the same basic technology. The KD Method can be applied to phase relays only.
Each zone has two units: the 3-phase unit and the phase-to-phase unit. The zone reach and the characteristic
angle for the two units are specified separately by the user, and they do not have to be the same. For each unit,
three voltages, x, y and z are computed based on the voltages, currents and zone reach. The unit is considered
tripped if the voltage phasor x-y leads the phasor z-y.
The program logic employs a very short-term self-polarized voltage memory when a phase voltage is below 0.01
secondary volts. The memory-voltage option and duration you selected for the relay type have no effect on this
logic.
3-Phase Unit
Variable Definition
x Va + 1.5 (Ib+Ic) Z
y Vb
z Vc
Phase-To-Phase Unit
Variable Definition
x Va - (Ia-Ib) Z
y Vb
z Vc - (Ic-Ib) Z
(Note: The variable Z in the first table is the reach of the 3-phase unit. The variable Z in the second table is the
reach of the phase-to-phase unit. The reach of the 3-phase unit and the reach of the phase-to-phase unit need not
be identical.)
The KD Method does not allow offsets, but you can have the relay characteristics shifted slightly to include the
origin.
The graphical characteristics of the KD Method are the same as those of the Mho Method.
The parameters for the KD method are as follows:
Parameter Meaning
Z_1 Imp 3P Zone 1 reach in secondary ohms for the 3-phase unit.
Z_1 Imp PP Zone 1 reach in secondary ohms for the phase-phase unit.
Z_1 Ang 3P Zone 1 characteristic angle in degrees for the 3-phase unit.
Z_1 Ang PP Zone 1 characteristic angle in degrees for the phase-phase unit.
Z_2 Inc. Origin Zone 2 is shifted slightly to include the origin if this value is 1.
Z_2 Imp 3P Zone 2 reach in secondary ohms for the 3-phase unit.
Z_2 Imp PP Zone 2 reach in secondary ohms for the phase-phase unit.
Z_2 Ang 3P Zone 2 characteristic angle in degrees for the 3-phase unit.
Z_2 Ang PP Zone 2 characteristic angle in degrees for the phase-phase unit.
Z_2 Delay Zone 2 time delay in seconds
Z_3 Inc. Origin Zone 3 is shifted slightly to include the origin if this value is 1.
Z_3 Imp 3P Zone 3 reach in secondary ohms for the 3-phase unit.
Z_3 Imp PP Zone 3 reach in secondary ohms for the phase-phase unit.
Z_3 Ang 3P Zone 3 characteristic angle in degrees for the 3-phase unit.
Z_3 Ang PP Zone 3 characteristic angle in degrees for the phase-phase unit.
Z_3 Delay Zone 3 time delay in seconds
Z_3 Frdwrd/Rev Zone 3 direction: 1 for forward; 0 for reversed.
2.9 HZ METHOD
The HZ Method is for phase relays of the balanced-beam design. This method cannot be used for ground relays.
The relay type modeled with the HZ method is assumed to have a built-in directional unit that is identical in
design as those in directional overcurrent phase relays. Specifically, the inputs to the three directional units are:
Directional Unit Vp Current
Phase A Vb-Vc Ia
Phase B Vc-Va Ib
Phase C Va-Vb Ic
The characteristic angle of the phase comparator is such that the maximum torque occurs when the current is 30
degrees ahead of the polarizing voltage. The memory voltage and duration specify for the relay type determines
which voltages used to compute the quantity Vp for the directional unit. The memory voltage is not used for
other purposes.
The balanced beam relay is modeled as a magnitude comparator. The voltage and current inputs are these:
Zone 1 and Zone 2 V I
BC Unit Vb - Vc Ib - Ic
CA Unit Vc - Va Ic - Ia
AB Unit Va - Vb Ia - Ib
Zone 3 V I
BC Unit Vb - Vc Ib
AB Unit Va - Vb Ia
CA Unit Vc - Va Ic
Each zone has three units. Each unit is considered tripped if the magnitude of V is at least 5 volts and the
magnitude of (Z I) is greater than the magnitude of V. A zone is considered tripped if the directional unit
indicates that the fault is in the tripping direction and one or more units of that zone are tripped.
The characteristics of the HZ method are circles centered at the origin.
For directional determination, the relay uses prefault voltages when (1) the zone delay is below the memory time
or (2) when the directional quadrature voltages are too low in magnitude. The memory time of a REL-521 relay
starts at two cycles, and can automatically extend until the positive sequence voltage exceeds 10% of its rated
value.
Various distance and directional quantities are evaluated to determine whether the relay trips in a fault. For
example, in order for a unit in zone 1 of a ground relay to trip, all of the following must be true for one of the
three units of zone 1:
1. The resistance-line phase comparator indicates that the fault is within the resistive zone-1 reach.
2. The reactance-line phase comparator indicates that the fault is within the reactance zone-1 reach.
3. The relays directional logic indicates that the fault is within the operational direction of zone 1.
The polygonal characteristic of a REL-521 relay is shown below.
Note: The delay for zone 1 is value of "Zone 1 Delay" in the dialog box.
For directional determination, when the directional quadrature voltages are not sufficient because of multiple
faults, especially three-phase faults, prefault stored voltages are used when the trip time is below memory time.
The memory time starts with two cycles, and can automatically extend up to 20 cycles. If the relay does not trip
within 20 cycles, the directional voltages will take current quadrature voltages afterwards. This implementation
gives rise to a 7SA513 polygonal characteristic shown below. Note that the angles of the two directional lines
can be controlled independently.
The polygonal characteristic of 7SA513 relay is shown below. The ground-unit characteristics are shown in
blue, and the phase-unit characteristics are shown in red
The delay for zone 1 is value of "Zone 1 Delay" in the dialog box.
To see whether a unit trips requires testing the output of apparent-impedance and relay-directional determination.
For example, in order for a unit in zone 1 to trip a 1LG fault, all of the following must be true:
1. The resistance-line phase comparator indicates that the fault is within the resistive zone-1 reach.
2. The reactance-line phase comparator indicates that the fault is within the reactance zone-1 reach.
3. The relays directional logic indicates that the fault is within the operational direction of zone 1.
For distance measurement, actual measured voltages are used; for the directional determination, sound phase and
stored reference voltages are used:
Parameter Meaning
Z1 Zone 1 enable. 0 for disabled, 1 for non-directional, 2 for forward and 3 for
reverse.
Z1-X Zone 1 reactance reach. Z1-X must be greater than 0.05 and less than 130.
Z1-R Zone 1 resistance phase-phase. Z1-R must be greater than 0.05 and less than 65.
Z1-RE Zone 1 resistance phase-earth. Z1-RE must be greater than 0.05 and less than 65
Z2 Zone 2 enable. 0 for disabled, 1 for non-directional, 2 for forward and 3 for
reverse.
Z2-X Zone 2 reactance reach. Z2-X must be greater than 0.05 and less than 130.
Z2-R Zone 2 resistance phase-phase. Z2-R must be greater than 0.05 and less than 65.
Z2-RE Zone 2 resistance phase-earth. Z2-RE must be greater than 0.05 and less than 65.
Z2-T Zone 2 delay. Z2-T must be greater than or equal to 0 and less than 32.
Z3 Zone 3 enable. 0 for disabled, 1 for non-directional, 2 for forward and 3 for
reverse.
Z3-X Zone 3 reactance reach. Z3-X must be greater than 0.05 and less than 130.
Z3-R Zone 3 resistance phase-phase. Z3-R must be greater than 0.05 and less than 65.
Z3-RE Zone 3 resistance phase-earth. Z3-RE must be greater than 0.05 and less than 65.
Z3-T Zone 3 delay. Z3-T must be greater than or equal to 0 and less than 32.
Z1B Overreach zone 1B enable. 0 for disabled, 1 for non-directional, 2 for forward and
3 for reverse.
Z1B-X Overreach zone 1B reactance = reach. Z1B-X must be greater than 0.05 and less
than 130.
Z1B-R Overreach zone 1B resistance phase-phase. Z1B-R must be greater than 0.05 and
less than 65.
Z1B-RE Overreach zone 1B resistance phase-earth phase. Z1B-RE must be greater than
0.05 and less than 65.
Z1B-T Overreach zone 1B delay. Z1B-T must be greater than or equal to 0 and less than
32.
Z1L Overreach zone 1L enable. 0 for disabled; 1 for non-directional; 2 for forward, and
3 for reverse.
The delay for zone 1 is value of "Zone 1 Delay" in the dialog box.
To see whether a unit trips requires testing the output of apparent impedance and relay directional determination.
For example, in order for a unit in zone 1 to trip in a 1LG fault, all of the following must be true:
1. The ground fault detection logic signal a ground fault.
2. The resistance-line phase comparator indicates that the fault is within the resistive zone-1 reach.
3. The reactance-line phase comparator indicates that the fault is within the reactance zone-1 reach, taken into
account any tilt setting that may exist.
4. The relays directional logic indicates that the fault is within the operational direction of zone 1.
5. The load encroachment logic indicates that the fault is not within the defined load region.
For distance measurement, actual measured voltages are used. For the directional determination, sound phase
and stored reference voltages are used.
Parameter Meaning
DistAngle Angle of inclination, distance characteristic.
3I0_Threshold Ground fault detection threshold.
3V0_Threshold Ground fault detection threshold.
EF_Recognition Ground fault detection method. Enter 1 for 3I0> OR 3V0> threshold; for 3I0>
AND 3V0> threshold
R_Load Minimum load impedance.
PHI_Load Maximum load angle.
MZn Operating mode zone n: 0 for disabled, 1 for non-directional, 2 for forward and 3
for reverse. n= 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 1B.
RZn Zone n resistance reach. n= 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 1B.
REZn Zone n resistance reach in earth fault. n= 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 1B.
XZn Zone n resistance reach. n= 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 1B.
TZn Zone n delay. n= 2, 3, 4, 5 and 1B
T1Zn_1PH Zone n delay in single phase fault. n= 1,2 and 1B
Reduction_Angle Zone 1 reduction angle.
Note: All zone reaches are in secondary ohms, and all delays are in seconds.
The delay for zone 1 is value of "Zone 1 Delay" in the distance relay dialog box.
Parameter Meaning
Line terminal settings
Z1MAG Line positive-sequence impedance magnitude, in secondary ohm.
Z1ANG Line positive-sequence impedance angle, in degree.
Z0MAG Line zero-sequence impedance magnitude, in secondary ohm.
Z0ANG Line zero-sequence impedance angle, in degree.
Relay and zone of distance settings
INORM Relay nominal input current (5A or 1A).
EADVS Enable advanced setting. Enter 1 to enable; 0 to disable. When EADVS is 0, a
number of relay settings will be computed automatically.
PMHOZ or E21P Number of mho phase distance zones. For SEL-311P relay, append a zero to the
number to activate compensator-distance element simulation.
GMHOZ or E21MG Number of mho ground distance zones.
QUADZ or E21XG Number of quad ground distance zones.
DIRn Zone number n direction. Enter 1 for forward; 0 for reverse direction.
Distance zone settings
ZnP Phase distance reach setting of zone number n, in secondary ohm. Zero setting will
disable zone in simulation.
ZnMG Mho ground distance reach of zone number n, in secondary ohm. Zero setting will
disable zone in simulation.
XGn Quad ground distance reactive reach of zone number n, in secondary ohm. Zero
setting will disable zone in simulation.
RGn Quad ground distance resistive reach of zone number n, in secondary ohm.
ZnPD, ZnGD Zone n delay in cycles.
Quad ground distance settings
XGPOL Quad ground polarizing quantity. Enter 0 for I2; 1 for IG.
TANG Quad ground non-homogenous correction angle, in degrees.
50PPn, 50Ln Zone n phase current supervision setting (fault detector), in secondary amps.
50GZn Zone n residual current supervision setting (fault detector), in secondary amps.
Load encroachment settings
ELE Enable load-encroachment. Enter 1 for enable; 0 for disable.
ZLF Load impedance. Forward.
ZLR Load impedance. Reverse.
PLAF Load angle. Positive, forward.
NLAF Load angle. Negative, forward.
PLAR Load angle. Positive, reverse.
NLAR Load angle. Negative, reverse.
Directional control settings
E32 Automatic enable directional elements. Enter 0 for manual; 1 for auto.
ORDER Ground directional element priority. Enter combination of numerals 1, 2 and 3
where 1 for Q, 2 for V and 3 for I.
50FP, 50RP Forward and reverse directional current threshold.
Z2F, Z2R Forward and reverse directional Z2 thresholds.
50QFP, 50QRP Forward and reverse directional 3I2 pickups.
a2 Positive-sequence current restraint factor I2/I1.
k2 Zero sequence restraint factor I2/I0.
The mho distance function uses a dynamic 100% memory-polarized mho characteristic with additional
reactance, directional, current, and phase selection supervising characteristics. When set to non-directional, the
mho function becomes an offset mho with the reverse reach controlled independently from the forward reach,
and all the directional characteristics removed.
The ground quadrilateral distance function is com-posed of reactance characteristic, right and left blinders, and
100% memory-polarized directional, overcurrent, and phase selection supervising characteristics. When set to
non-directional, the quadrilateral function applies a reactance line in the reverse direction instead of the
directional comparators.
Parameter list: GE D60P__, D90P__, L60P__, L90P__, D60G__, D90G__, L60G__, L90G__
Name Default Range Description
DS Zn Function D D,E Enable/Disable DS zone n.
DIR Zn F R,F,N Zone n direction: Reverse, Forward or Non-directional
Zn Shape Mho Mho, Quad Zone n shape type: Mho or Quads.
Zn Reach 2.0 0.02..500 Zone n reach settings (Forward only).
Zn RCA 85 30..90 Characteristic angle (Only for Forward or Reverse applications)
Zn Rev Reach 2.0 0.02..500 Reverse reach of the non-directional zone n.
Zn Rev RCA 85 30..90 Angle of the reverse reach only.
Zn Comp Limit 90 30..90 Zone n comparator angle setting.
Zn Dir RCA 85 30..90 Zone n characteristic angle of the directional supervising function
Zn Dir Comp Limit 90 30..90 Zone n comparator limit angle for the directional supervising function.
Zn Quad R-BLD 10.0 0.02..500 Zone n right blinder position of the quadrilateral characteristic
Zn Quad R-BLD RCA 85 60..90 Angular position of the right blinder. Zone n.
Zn Quad L-BLD 10.0 0.02..500 Left blinder position of the quadrilateral characteristic. Zone n.
Zn Quad L-BLD RCA 85 60..90 Angular position of the left blinder. Zone n
Zn Delay (s) 0.0 0..65.535 Zone delay
Zn BLK D D,E Load Encroachment blocking. Zone n
Zn VOLT LEVEL (pu) 0 0..5.0 Dynamic reach for series compensated lines. Zone n
Zn I-Supervision (pu) 0.2 0.05..30 Zone n supervisory current in per unit
Zn Z0/Z1 MAG 2.7 0..10.0 Ratio between the zero-sequence and positive-sequence impedance. Zone n
Zn Z0/Z1 ANG 0.0 -90..90
Zn Z0M/Z1 MAG 0 0..7.0 Ratio between the mutual zero-sequence impedance and the positive-sequence
impedance of the protected line. Zone n
Zn Z0M/Z1 ANG 0 -90..90
Zn I-POL 0 0,1 polarizing current used by the reactance comparator of the quadrilateral
characteristic 0: Zero-seq, 1: Neg-seq
Zn NON-HOMOGEN ANG 0 -40..40 Correction for non-homogeneity of the zero-sequence or negative- sequence
networks.
Load Encroachment D D,E Load Encroachment function Enable/Disable.
Load Encr. MIN VOLT (pu) 0.25 0..3
Load Encr. REACH 1 0.02..250
Load Encr. ANGLE 30 5..50
PT nom.sec.voltage (V) 64.4 25..240 Nominal secondary voltage of PT.
CT nom.sec.Amps (A) 1 1,5 Nominal secondary current of CT.
Memory Duration (Cycles) 10 5..25
Reference
[2.20.1] GE D60 Line Distance Protection System, Instruction manual, Revision 5.6x
[2.20.2] GE D90Plus Line Distance Protection System, Instruction manual, Revision 1.6x
[2.20.3] GE L60 Line Phase Comparison System, Instruction manual, Revision 5.6x
[2.20.3] GE L90 Line Current Differential System, Instruction manual, Revision 5.6x
Forward Non-directional
Forward Non-directional
For description of relay operating and other logic, please refer to ABB technical manual in references [2.20.1-4]
Parameter list: REL521G__
Name Default Range Description
PT nom.sec.voltage (V) 64.4 25..240 Nominal secondary voltage of PT.
CT nom.sec.Amps (A) 1 1,5 Nominal secondary amps of CT.
ZM I-min (%) 20 10..30 Minimum operate current
DIR ArgDir 15 5..45 Lower angle of forward direction characteristic
DIR ArgNegRes 115 90..175 Upper angle of forward direction characteristic
ZMn Fuction (D/E) D E,D Enable/Disable DS zone n.
DIR ZMn (R/F/N) F R,F,N Zone n direction: Reverse, Forward or non-directional.
ZMn X1PE Reach 10. 0.10..400 Zone n positive sequence reactive reach
ZMn R1PE 10. 0.10..400 Zone positive sequence line resistance settings
ZMn RFPE Reach 10. 0.10..400 Zone resistive reach
ZMn X0PE 10. 0.10..1200 Zone n zero sequence line reactance
ZMn R0PE 10. 0.10..1200 Zone n zero sequence line resistance
Delay tnPE (s) 0. 0..60 Zone n delay
Phase Selection (Y/N) Y Y,N Phase selection logic enable/disable.
INReleasePE (%) 20 10..100 3I0 limit for releasing measuring loops (% of Iphmax).
Reference
[2.21.1] Application manual, Line distance protection terminal REL521*2.5, No: 1MRK 506 173-UEN, Issued:
December 2006, Revision: B.
[2.21.2] Technical reference manual, Line distance protection terminal REL 521*2.5, No: 1MRK 506 171-UEN,
Issued: December 2006, Revision: B.
[2.21.3] Application manual, Line high speed distance protection terminal REL531*2.5, No: 1MRK 506 178-UEN,
Issued: February 2006, Revision: A.
[2.21.4] Technical reference manual, Line high speed distance protection terminal REL 531*2.5, No: 1MRK 506
176-UEN, Issued: February 2006, Revision: A.
For description of relay operating and other logic, please refer to Areva technical manual in references [2.21.1-2]
Reference
[2.22.1] Technical manual, P437/EN M/A54, MiCom P437, Distance protection device, version: -302, -402, -602.
[2.22.2] Technical data sheet, P437, Distance protection device, version: -306 -406/407, -609 ff.
For description of relay operating and other logic, please refer to Areva technical manual in references [2.23.1-4]
Reference
[2.23.1] Technical manual, P44x/EN T/E33, MiCom P441/P442/P444, Numerical Distance Protection, version
B1.2.
[2.23.2] Technical Guide, P44x/EN T/E55, MiCom P441/P442&P444, Numerical Distance Protection, VC4.x,
VC5.x and VD1.x.
[2.23.3] Operation Guide, MiCom P441/P442/P444, Distance Protection Relays, OG1.1671-B.
[2.23.4] Technical Guide, MiCom P441/P442/P444, Distance Protection Relays, TG1.1671-C.
For description of relay operating and other logic, please refer to Areva technical manual in references [2.24.1-2]
Reference:
[2.24.1] Technical manual, P443/EN M/B42, MICOMho P443, Fast Multifunction Distance Protection, Software
Version: 0540, Hardware suffix K.
[2.24.2] Technical data sheet, P443/EN M/C22, MICOMho P443, Fast Multifunction Distance Protection, Software
Version: 51, Hardware suffix K.
The inputs S1 (or S2) of the ZR20 method comparator are formed by following expression:
S1 or S2 = k1Vab + k2Vbc + k3Vca + k4Va + k5Vb + K6Vc +
k7Va1 + k8Va2 + k9Va0 + k10Va-pre + k11Vab + K12Vbc + K13Vca +
k14Ia + k15Ib + K16Ic + k17Ia1 + k18Ia2 + k19Ia0 + k20Ia-pre +
k21Ia + k22Ib + K23Ic + k24Im0
where
- Vab,Vbc,Vca,Va,Vb,Vc post-fault phase-to-phase and phase-to-ground voltages at the relay
location.
- Va1,Va2,Va0 post-fault sequence voltages corresponding to phase a at the relay location.
- Iab,Ibc,Ica,Ia,Ib,Ic post-fault phase-to-phase and phase-to-ground currents at the relay location.
- Ia1,Ia2,Ia0 post-fault sequence currents corresponding to phase a at the relay location.
- Ia-pre pre-fault load current in phase a.
- Ia,Ib,Ic residually compensated relay phase currents:
Ia = Ia + [(ZL0/ZL1)-1]I0 ,
ZL0, ZL1 lines zero and positive impedances.
- Im0 zero sequence current in the parallel with mutual coupling line.
- k1..k24 complex factors; input ranges: [-999;+999] and [-1800;+1800]
Operation of relay occurs when angle between the operating signal S1 and the polarizing signal S2 is less than
settable comparators operating angle.
No graphical characteristic is displayed in the Distance Relay Window for distance relays based on this method.
Relay operation in fault will reported in caption text box and TTY window only.
Note::
kn parameters with value OFF will not be displayed in OneLiner and DistriView distance relay properties
dialog box. Terms in the operating equation that correspond to the OFF parameter will be ignored in
simulation of relay operation.
Add suffix _CONST to the parameter value to prevent it from being changed. The parameter will not be
shown in the distance relay properties dialog box. For example to specify variable Mho characteristic with
constant k4 = 1@0 deg., one could enter the following:
K4 Mag = 1_CONST and K4 Angle = 0_CONST
Reference:
[2.25.1] Users guide, ZR20 version 2.0, Computer Program for Evaluation and Application of Distance Relays,
Power Systems Management Corporation, 1992.
Quadrilateral Mho
The REL670P__ and REL670G__ methods simulate the following aspects of REL670 operation:
Phase selection logic with load encroachment
Distance measuring zones of quadrilateral and mho characteristics
Quadrilateral distance zones in series compensation line
For description of the above logics, please refer to ABB technical manual in references [2.26.1-3]
Reference
[2.26.1] Application manual, Line distance protection IED REL670, No: 1MRK 506 278-UEN, Issued: March
2007, Version: 1.1.
For description of relay operating and other logic, please refer to Siemen technical manual in references [2.27.1-
2]
MHO
Reference
[2.24.1] Manual, SIPROTEC Distance protection 7SA522 V4.61 or higher, No: C53000-G1176-C155-5.
[2.24.2] Numerical Distance Protection, Principles and applications, Siemens, Gerhard Ziegler, 3 rd edition
For description of relay operating and other logic, please refer to Toshiba technical manual in references [2.28.1]
QUAD characteristic
Z1G 1.6 0.01..50 Quad zone 1 reach
8.0 0.1..250 (1A rating)
Z2G 3.0 0.01..50 Quad zone 2 reach
15.0 0.1..250 (1A rating)
Z3G 6.0 0.01..50 Quad zone 3 reach
30.0 0.1..250 (1A rating)
ZRG 4.0 0.01..50 Quad zone R reach
20.0 0.1..250 (1A rating)
Z4G 8.0 0.01..50 Quad zone 4 reverse reach
40.0 0.1..250 (1A rating)
ZBG Angle 50 00..450 Angle of quad directional element
MHO characteristic
Z1G 1.6 0.01..50 Mho zone 1 reach
8.0 0.1..250 (1A rating)
Z2G 3.0 Mho zone 2 reach
15.0 (1A rating)
Z3G 6.0 Mho zone 3 Reach
30.0 (1A rating)
ZRG 4.0 Mho reserve zone R reach
20.0 (1A rating)
Z4G 8.0 Mho zone 4 reverse reach
40.0 (1A rating)
Z3G Angle 850 450..900 Angle of MHO
QUAD characteristic
Z1S 1.6 0.01..50 Quad zone 1 reach
8.0 0.1..250 (1A rating)
Z2S 3.0 0.01..50 Quad zone 2 reach
15.0 0.1..250 (1A rating)
Z3S 6.0 0.01..50 Quad zone 3 reach
30.0 0.1..250 (1A rating)
ZRS 4.0 0.01..50 Quad zone R reach
20.0 0.1..250 (1A rating)
Z4S 8.0 0.01..50 Quad zone 4 reverse reach
40.0 0.1..250 (1A rating)
ZBS Angle 50 00..450 Angle of quad directional element
MHO characteristic
Z1S 1.6 0.01..50 Mho zone 1 reach
8.0 0.1..250 (1A rating)
Z2S 3.0 Mho zone 2 reach
15.0 (1A rating)
Z3S 6.0 Mho zone 3 Reach
30.0 (1A rating)
ZRS 4.0 Mho reserve zone R reach
20.0 (1A rating)
Z4S 8.0 Mho zone 4 reverse reach
40.0 (1A rating)
Z3S Angle 850 450..900 Angle of MHO
Reference
[2.28.1] Instruction Manual. Line Differential Relay GRL100-7**B. Toshiba Corporation. 2006. Ver. 0.5
For description of relay operating and other logic, please refer to ABB technical manual in references
Reference
[2.29.1] Instruction booklet REL512, IB 40-512.2 (REL 512 version 2.09 to 2.3), Issued: January 2002.
[2.29.2] Numerical distance protection REL-300 (MDAR) relaying system version 2.62, Instruction leaflet - 40
385.5, Issued: November 1995.
[2.29.3] Protective relaying, Theory and application. Second edition, Revised and Expended. Walter A. Elmore.
PCS-902 relay has one deviation of power frequency component (DPFC) distance zone with Mho characteristic and
4 independent Mho phase-to-ground and phase-to-phase distance zones. Phase-to-Ground zones 1, 2, 3 have
quadrilateral supplemental elements. Zones 1 and 2 mho (phase-to-ground and phase-to-phase) will use memory
positive-sequence polarized voltage when it becomes lower than 10% nominal. For phase-to-ground zones,
polarized voltage can be shifted with angle 0 or 15 or 30 degrees. These two zones are controlled by zero-sequence
reactance line that inclines downward for 12 degrees. Zone 3 is non-memory positive-sequence polarized. Reverse
zone is shifted 1/2ZD (zone 3 setting value) toward forward direction.
Sample relay characteristics are shown in pictures below.
Figure 2.30.1 Schematic presentation of the Mho and Quad operating characteristic
For description of relay operating and other logic, please refer to Nari technical manual in references
Reference
[2.30.1] PCS-902_PH, Line Distance Relay, Instruction Manual.
[2.30.2] RCS-902, Line Distance Relay, Instruction Manual.
[2.30.3] PCS/RCS-900 series HV line protection setting guide manual, Manual: V1.00
[2.30.4] PCS(RCS)-900 Series_EHV_Line_Protection_Setting_Guide_Manual_Standard
V1.00(EN_XLBH0192.0086.0001)
PCS-902 relay has 5 independent quadrilateral phase-to-ground and phase-to-phase distance zones.
4th and 5th zones can be set as forward or reverse.
Sample relay characteristics are shown in pictures below.
For description of relay operating and other logic, please refer to Sifang technical manual in references
Reference
[2.31.1] CSC-101, Line Protection IED, Technical Application Manual, V1.01, Date: 2012.
[2.31.2] CSC-101, Line Protection IED, Product Guide, V1.10, Date: 2012.
[2.31.3] CSC-101 Numerical EHV Line Protection Equipment Manual, V1.00, Date: 2009.
[2.31.4] Manual, SIPROTEC Distance protection 7SA522 V4.61 or higher, No: C53000-G1176-C155-5.
LPRO4000 relay has 5 zones of phase/ground distance elements; all 5 zones can be set to either Mho or
Quadrilateral type. Zone 1 and 2 can be set in forward direction only, Zones 3, 4 and 5 reach can be set in either
forward direction or reverse direction or offset as required.
For full description of relay operation and logic, please refer to ERL technical manual in references
Neg. Seq. Dir. Element 1 0, 1 Enable neg. seq. dir. logic (0=D, 1=E)
V2 Sensitivity Level 0.5 0.5-5
I2 Sensitivity Level 0.2 0.02-1
Zero Seq. Dir. Element 1 0, 11 Enable zero seq. dir. logic (0=D, 1=E)
3V0 Sensitivity Level 1 1.0-10
3I0 Sensitivity Level 0.2 0.04-2.0
Reference
[2.32.1] L-PRO 4000 Transmission Line Protection Relay, User manual, Version 2.5 Rev 1
[2.32.2] L-PRO 4000 Setting File Specification, Doc #: D02471R07.00
3.1 INTRODUCTION
This section documents the commands in the Main Window.
_________________________________________________________________________
Main Window Commands
The Main Window opens libraries and distance relay types. The commands in the Main Window are described
in Section 3.2.
If the current library has been modified, a dialog box will appear asking
you whether the changes should be saved.
2. Press Yes if you wish to save the updated library; otherwise press No.
The program will shut down and its window will disappear.
A dialog box will appear displaying all the relay types in the relay library.
TO DELETE A RELAY TYPE:
1. Select the relay type to be deleted from the list box. Then, click on "Delete".
The selected relay type will be removed from the list box.
Note: The program does not allow you to delete any of the five generic
relay types, CEY-Type, GCX-Type, KD-Type, HCZ-Type and
HZM-Type, which are required for backward compatibility.
2. Click on "Close" to close the dialog box.
TO ADD A NEW RELAY TYPE:
1. Click on the "Add" button.
A dialog box will appear asking for the relay method. The methods
currently available are listed in the dialog box.
2. Select the relay method and press OK.
A dialog box will appear asking for the relay type parameters. The method
name is shown immediately above the data grid.
A dialog box will appear displaying the parameters of the relay type and
method.
2. View or edit the parameters of the relay type and method.
See previous page for explanation of the parameters.
Note: The program does not allow you to edit any of the five generic
relay types, CEY-Type, GCX-Type, KD-Type, HCZ-Type and
HZM-Type, which are required for backward compatibility. The OK
button is dimmed for these types.
3. Click on "OK" to close the dialog box.
A dialog box will appear listing the distance relay types in the relay
library you specified.
3. Select the relay types you would like to copy. Click on "Select All" to copy
all relay types or click on them individually in the list box.
The relay types you have selected will become highlighted.
4. Click on "Copy".
The selected relay types will be copied into the distance relay library.
5. Click on "Done" to close the dialog box.
Index M
Methods 8
Mho and Mho4 Method 11
N
New Command 61
7 O
7SA511 Method 30 Open Command 62
7SA513 Method 28
7SA522__ Method 55
7SA611 Method 33 P
P437 Method 43
C P441 Method 45
P443 Method 47
Copy Relay Types from Another Library 69 Polarization 9
cross polarized 10
D positive-sequence 10
self polarized 10
D60 Method 37
D90 Method 37
Distance Relay Editor Q
exit 65 Quad and Quad4 Method 15
Distance Relay Library
create new 61
open 62 R
save 63 RAZOA Method 20
save as 64 REL316 Method 21
REL316_4 Method 23
E REL521 Method 26
REL521 Method 40
Edit Command 66 REL531 Method 40
Exit Command 65 REL670 Method 51
Relay Type 5, 7, 8
G delete 66
edit 66
GCX Method 13 view 66
H S
HCZ Method 19 Save As Command 64
HZ Method 17 Save Command 63
HZM Method 18 SEL-XXX__ Methods 35
Status Bar Command 71
K
KD Method 14 T
Toolbar Command 70
Z
ZR20 Method 49