8 Digital Operations PDF

Digital Operations
F1
SIMATIC S7 Date: 2/4/2012 SITRAIN Training for

Automation and Industrial Solutions
Siemens AG 2006. All rights reserved. File: PRO1_08E.1
Digital Operations
F1

Objectives
Upon completion of the chapter the participant will
... be familiar with the INT, DINT, REAL data types and the
BCD display
... be able to apply the selectable display formats in the

"Monitor / Modify Variable" test function
... understand the "Load" and "Transfer" instructions
... be able to apply and program the S5 counter and timer

functions
... understand conversion operations for number formats
... be able to apply and program the comparison

operations
... understand basic mathematical functions

Acquiring, Processing and Outputting Data
Operating 0248
Thumbwheel
+ monitoring V buttons,
processes Potentiometer,
0 8 1 5 7-segment
display
Operator Panel
Control such as MPI

Processing
unit the values
DI/ AI/
DO AO
such as PROFIBUS
Process Field devices

controller

Integer (INT, 16-Bit Integer) Data Type
Value range -32,768 to +32,767 Arithmetic
(without sign: 0 to 65,535) operations: such as + I, * I, <I, ==I
Display Formats:
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
DEC: + 662 BIN.: 2# 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 HEX: W#16#0 2 9 6

9 without
+2 7 sign
Sign +2 0
4 6 x 16 = 6
positive +2 2 1
numbers +2 1 9 x 16 = 144
+2 2 x 16
2
= 512
+ 662 662
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
DEC: - 662 BIN.: 2# 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 HEX: W#16#F D 6 A

15 without
-2
+2 13
14 sign
Sign
negative +2 12 0
+2 11 10 x 16 =10
numbers 1
6 x 16 = 96
+2 10 2
8 6
+2 +2 +2 5 13 x 16 = 3328
3 1 3
Representation as +2 +2 +2 15 x 16 = 61440
Twos complement - 662 64874

Double Integer (DINT, 32-Bit Integer) Data Type
Value range L# -2,147,483,648 to L#+2,147,483,647 Operations: such as + D, * D, <D, ==D

(without sign: 0 to 4,294,967,295)
Display Formats:
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
DEC: L# +540809 BIN.: 2# 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Sign
positive
numbers
HEX: DW#16# 0 0 0 8 4 0 8 9
(without sign)
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
DEC: L# -540809 BIN.: 2# 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1
Sign
negative
numbers
Representation as HEX: DW#16# F F F 7 B F 7 7

Twos complement
(without sign)

REAL (Floating-point Number, 32 Bit) Data Type
Value range -3.40282310+38 to -1.17549510-38 , 0.0, +1.17549510-38 to +3.40282310+38
Operations: such as + R, * R, <R, ==R

sin, acos, ln, exp, SQR
General format of a Real number = (Sign) (1 + f) (2e-127)
Example: 0.75
Sign of
Real no. e = Exponent (8 Bit) f = Mantissa (23 Bit)
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 ..... 2-23
Real no. = +1.5 * 2 126-127 = 0.75

The BCD Code for Inputting and Outputting Integers
Value range 16 Bit: - 999 to + 999 Conversion

32 Bit: -9999999 to + 9999999 operations: BTI, BTD, ITB, DTB
(no arithmetic!)
0 2 9 6
16 Bit: BIN.: 2# 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0
Sign (+) 2 9 6
HEX: W#16# 0 2 9 6 DEC: + 662
Sign (+) 0 0 0 0 2 9 6
32 Bit: BIN.: 2# 0 x x x 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0
HEX: DW#16# 0 0 0 0 2 9 6 DEC: + 662

Conversion Operations BCD Integer
Number Conversion
Entered in BCD 0 81 5 BCD->Integer
User program
Task
with Integer
math operations
Number Conversion
displayed 0 2 4 8 BCD<-Integer
in BCD
LAD FBD STL
BCD_I BCD_I L IW4

EN ENO EN OUT MW20 BTI
T MW20
IW4 IN OUT MW20 IW4 IN ENO
I_BCD I_BCD L MW10

EN ENO EN OUT QW12 ITB
T QW12
MW10 IN OUT QW12 MW10 IN ENO

Number Formats
Accessed in between Invalid value !!!

Loading and Transferring Data
Accumulator 1

Data Storage in Accumulator 1
Contents of Accumulator 1
Program
31 23 15 7 0
L MB 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MB0
31 23 15 7 0
Load 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MB0 MB1
L MW 0
31 23 15 7 0
L MD 0 MB0 MB1 MB2 MB3
T QD 4
QD 4
Transfer T QW 4
QW 4
T QB 4
QB 4

Comparison Operations
LAD FBD STL
M 3.4 CMP >=I Q 9.7 CMP >=I A M 3.4

A(
IN1 L IW 0
IW0
L IW 2
IW 0 IN1 M 3.4 & Q9.7 >=I
IW 2 IN2 IW2 IN2 = )
= Q 9.7

Basic Mathematical Functions
LAD FBD STL
ADD_I ADD_I L MW4

Addition EN ENO EN OUT MW6 L MW10
MW4 IN1 MW4 IN1 +I
MW10 IN2 OUT MW6 MW10 IN2 ENO T MW6
SUB_I SUB_I L MW8

Subtrac- MW6
tion EN ENO EN OUT L MW12
MW8 IN1 MW8 IN1 -I
MW12 IN2 OUT MW6 MW12 IN2 ENO T MW6
MUL_DI MUL_DI L MD6

Multipli- MD66
cation EN ENO EN OUT L MD12
MD6 IN1 MD6 IN1 *D
MD12 IN2 MD66 ENO
T MD66
MD12 IN2
DIV_R DIV_R L MD40

EN OUT MD32
Division EN ENO L MD4
MD40 IN1 MD40 IN1 /R
MD4 IN2 OUT MD32 MD4 IN2 ENO T MD32

S5 Counter Functions
LAD FBD STL
A I 0.4
C5 C5
CU C5
S_CUD S_CUD A I 0.5
I 0.4 Q 8.3
CU Q
Q I 0.4 CU CD C5
A I 0.3
I 0.5
L C#5
CD CV MW 4 I 0.5 CD
S C5
I 0.3 A I 0.7
S CV_BCD QW 12 I 0.3 S CV MW 4 R C5
L C5
C#5 PV C#5 PV CV_BCD QW 12 T MW4
Q 8.3 LC C5
I 0.7
R I 0.7 R Q
Q = T QW12
A C5
= Q8.3

Counters: Function Diagram
CU
CD
5
4
3
Count
2
1
0

Exercise 1: Counting the Transported Parts (FC 18, C 18)
DI DO
I 0.0 T_System_ON Act Quantity
I 0.1 T_System_OFF L_SYSTEM Q 4.1
I 0.2 T_Jog_RIGHT L_MAN Q 4.2
I 0.3 T_Jog_LEFT L_AUTO Q 4.3 V
I 0.4 S_M/A_ModeSelect
I 0.5 T_M/A_Accept "QW_DigDisp" (QW 6)
-15V...+15V -15V...+15V
AI2 AO1
AI1 AO2
AI1 AI2
V
0 8 1 5 AI1 AI2 AO1 AO2

S5 Timer Functions
T44 T44
S_PULSE S_PEXT
I 0.7 S BI MW0 I 0.7 S BI MW0
S5T#35s BCD QW12 S5T#35s QW12
TV M8.5 TV BCD M8.5
I 0.5 R Q = I 0.5 R Q =
Pulse Timer (SP) ON Delay (SD) Extended Pulse (SE)

T44
S_ODT
I 0.7 S BI MW0
S5T#35s BCD QW12
TV M8.5
I 0.5 R Q =
Stored ON Delay (SS) OFF Delay (SF)
T44 T44
S_ODTS S_OFFDT
I 0.7 S BI MW0 MW0
I 0.7 S BI
S5T#35s BCD QW12 S5T#35s QW12
TV M8.5 TV BCD M8.5
I 0.5 R Q = I 0.5 R Q =

Timers: ON Delay (SD)
LAD FBD STL
T4 T4
I 0.7 S_ODT Q8.5 S_EVERZ A I 0.7
S Q I 0.7 S BI MW0 L S5T#35s
S5T#35s TV BI MW0 S5T#35s QW12
SD T4
TV BCD
I 0.5 Q8.5 A I 0.5
R BCD QW12 I 0.5 R Q = R T4
L T4
T MW0
RLO at S
LC T4
RLO at R T QW12
A T4
Time = Q8.5
operation
Example
Data type 0.01s <-- 0 0

0.1s <-- 0 1
S5TIME 1s <-- 1 0 Units of time: 0 to 999 (BCD-coded)
10s <-- 1 1

Exercise 2: Monitoring the Transport Functions (FC 17)
DI DO
I 0.0 T_System_ON
I 0.1 T_System_OFF L_SYSTEM Q 4.1
I 0.3 T_Jog_LEFT L_AUTO Q 4.3
I 0.4 S_M/A_ModeSelect
I 0.5 T_M/A_Accept
T_Ackn L_Conv
_Fault _Fault

Exercise 3: Counting the Transported Parts (FC 19)
DI DO SETPOINT Quantity ACTUAL Quantity

I 0.0 T_System_ON
I 0.1 L_SYSTEM Q 4.1
T_System_OFF
0 8 1 5
I 0.3 T_Jog_LEFT L_AUTO Q 4.3
I 0.4 S_M/A_ModeSelect "IW_Thumbw" (IW 2) "QW_DigDisp" (QW 6)
I 0.5 T_M/A_Accept
T_Ackn_Fault L_Conv_Fault
ACT=SET Acknowledgement
"L_Bay-LB" (Q 8.4) "T_Bay-LB" (I 8.4)

Exercise 3: Counting the Transported Parts (FC 19), Solution Hints
NW 1: Set "Counter" to 0
MOVE
Condition
for resetting EN OUT MW 20
0 IN ENO
NW 2: Counting via memory word, ACT quantity
ADD_I
Rising edge of
counting event EN
MW 20 IN1 OUT MW 20
1 IN2 ENO
NW 3: Display ACT quantity on the BCD digital display
Convert ACT quantity (MW 20) from Integer to BCD -> Result on BCD digital display (QW 6)
NW 4: Read in SETP quantity and convert from BCD to Integer
Convert value from thumbwheel button (IW 2) from BCD to Integer -> Store SETP quantity (Integer) in MW 22
NW 5: ACT-SETP comparison, Conveyor indicator light Q 8.4
Compare ACT (MW 20) to SETP (MW 22) -> Place comparison result on indicator light

If You Want to Know More

Additional Exercise 4: Counting the Conveyor Belt Faults (FC17)
Conv
Fault
M 17.0
3
Conv
2
Fault
Counter C 17 1
0
M/A AUTO
Q 4.3

Additional Ex 5: Timely Lock-out of the Conveyor Motor Jogging
Lock-out
time LEFT
Jog RIGHT
I 0.2
Conv motor
RIGHT
(Q8.5)
Lock-out
RIGHT
T 15 (SF)
Jog LEFT
I 0.3
lock-out
time RIGHT
Conv motor
LEFT
(Q8.6)
Lock-out
LEFT
T 16 (SF)

Counters: Bit Instructions
LAD FBD STL
Network 1: C5
I 0.0 SC
I 0.0 C5
A I 0.0
SC L C#20
C#20 CV
C#20 S C5
Network 2:
C5
I 0.1 C5
I 0.1 CU A I 0.1
CU
CU C5
Network 3:
I 0.2 C5 C5
A I 0.2
CD I 0.2 CD CD C5
Network 4:
C5 Q 4.0 Q 4.0
A C5
C5 = = Q 4.0

Timers: Stored ON Delay (SS)
LAD FBD STL
T4 T4 A I 0.7
I 0.7 S_ODTS Q8.5 S_ODTS L S5T#35s
S Q I 0.7 S BI MW0 SS T4
S5T#35s BI A I 0.5
TV MW0 S5T#35s TV BCD QW12
Q8.5 R T4
I 0.5
R BCD QW12 I 0.5 R = L T4
Q
T MW0
LC T4
T QW12
A T4
= Q8.5
RLO at S
RLO at R
Timer
operation
Example

Timers: Pulse (SP)
LAD FBD STL
T4 T4 A I 0.7
I 0.7 S_PULSE Q8.5 S_PULSE L S5T#35s
S Q I 0.7 S BI MW0 SP T4
BI A I 0.5
S5T#35s TV MW0 S5T#35s QW12
TV BCD R T4
I 0.5 Q8.5
R BCD QW12 I 0.5 R L T4
Q =
T MW0
LC T4
T QW12
A T4
= Q8.5
RLO at S
RLO at R
Timer
operation
Example

Timers: Extended Pulse (SE)
LAD FBD STL
T4 T4 A I 0.7
I 0.7 S_PEXT Q8.5 S_PEXT L
S Q MW0 S5T#35s
I 0.7 S BI
S5T#35s TV BI MW0 SE T4
S5T#35s TV BCD QW12 A I 0.5
I 0.5 Q8.5
R BCD QW12 I 0.5 R R T4
Q =
L T4
T MW0
LC T4
T QW12
A T4
= Q8.5
RLO at S
RLO at R
Timer
operation
Example

Timers: OFF Delay (SF)
LAD FBD STL
T4 T4 A I 0.7
I 0.7 S_OFFDT Q8.5 S_OFFDT L S5T#35s
S Q I 0.7 S B MW0 SF T4
S5T#35s BI I A I 0.5
TV MW0 S5T#35s TV BCD QW12
Q8.5 R T4
I 0.5
R BCD QW12 I 0.5 R = L T4
Q
T MW0
LC T4
T QW12
A T4
= Q8.5
RLO at S
RLO at R
Timer
operation
Example

Time Formats for Traditional S5-Timers in STEP 7
Time specifications as constants

S5T#35s200ms
(Time base: 01 (100ms), Number of units of time: 352)
01 3 5 2
Time specifications per variable X X 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0
Time base Units of time (BCD-coded)
29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
Accu 1 contents after L T... exec. X X X X X X 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
Residual units of time (Integer)
01 3 5 2
Accu 1 cont. after LC T... exec. X X 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0
Time base Residual units of time (BCD-coded)

Timers: Bit Instructions
LAD FBD STL
Network 1:
T4
I 0.0 T4 I 0.0 & SD A I 0.0
SD L S5T#5s
S5T#5s TV SD T4
S5T#5s
Network 2:
T4 Q 8.0 Q 8.0
A T4
T4 & =
= Q 8.0
Network 3:
T4
I 0.1 T4 A I 0.1
R I 0.1 & R R T4

Conversion Operations I DI REAL
Data in integer format

(16-bit integer)
Conversion from Conversion from Math

Task integer to double integer program
double integer to real number with
real numbers
F STL
I_DI
B MD14
EN OUT
D DI_R
ENO EN OUT MD26
MW12 IN L MW12
LAD ENO ITD
MD14 IN
DTR
T MD26
I_DI DI_R
EN ENO EN ENO
MW12 IN OUT MD14 MD14 IN OUT MD26

Digital Logic Operations
WXOR_W L IW 0
WOR_W
L W#16#5F2A
WAND_W
AW / OW / XOW
EN ENO
T MW10
IW0 IN1
OUT MW10 15 0
W#16#5F2A IN2
IW0 = 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0
W#16#5F2A = 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
AND OR XOR
MW10 after AW ex. 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
MW10 after OW ex. 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0
MW10 after XOW ex 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0

Application Example: Digital Edge Detection


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Digital Operations

SIMATIC S7 Date: 2/4/2012 SITRAIN Training for

SIMATIC S7 Date: 2/4/2012 SITRAIN Training for

Upon completion of the chapter the participant will

... be able to apply the selectable display formats in the

... understand the "Load" and "Transfer" instructions

... be able to apply and program the S5 counter and timer

... understand conversion operations for number formats

... be able to apply and program the comparison

... understand basic mathematical functions

SIMATIC S7 Date: 2/4/2012 SITRAIN Training for

Control such as MPI

Process Field devices

SIMATIC S7 Date: 2/4/2012 SITRAIN Training for

DEC: + 662 BIN.: 2# 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 HEX: W#16#0 2 9 6

DEC: - 662 BIN.: 2# 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 HEX: W#16#F D 6 A

SIMATIC S7 Date: 2/4/2012 SITRAIN Training for

Value range L# -2,147,483,648 to L#+2,147,483,647 Operations: such as + D, * D, <D, ==D

DEC: L# +540809 BIN.: 2# 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1

DEC: L# -540809 BIN.: 2# 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1

Representation as HEX: DW#16# F F F 7 B F 7 7

SIMATIC S7 Date: 2/4/2012 SITRAIN Training for

Value range -3.40282310+38 to -1.17549510-38 , 0.0, +1.17549510-38 to +3.40282310+38

Operations: such as + R, * R, <R, ==R

General format of a Real number = (Sign) (1 + f) (2e-127)

Real no. = +1.5 * 2 126-127 = 0.75

SIMATIC S7 Date: 2/4/2012 SITRAIN Training for

Value range 16 Bit: - 999 to + 999 Conversion

HEX: W#16# 0 2 9 6 DEC: + 662

HEX: DW#16# 0 0 0 0 2 9 6 DEC: + 662

SIMATIC S7 Date: 2/4/2012 SITRAIN Training for

LAD FBD STL

BCD_I BCD_I L IW4

I_BCD I_BCD L MW10

SIMATIC S7 Date: 2/4/2012 SITRAIN Training for

Accessed in between Invalid value !!!

SIMATIC S7 Date: 2/4/2012 SITRAIN Training for

SIMATIC S7 Date: 2/4/2012 SITRAIN Training for

L MD 0 MB0 MB1 MB2 MB3

SIMATIC S7 Date: 2/4/2012 SITRAIN Training for

LAD FBD STL

M 3.4 CMP >=I Q 9.7 CMP >=I A M 3.4

SIMATIC S7 Date: 2/4/2012 SITRAIN Training for

ADD_I ADD_I L MW4

SUB_I SUB_I L MW8

MUL_DI MUL_DI L MD6

DIV_R DIV_R L MD40

SIMATIC S7 Date: 2/4/2012 SITRAIN Training for

SIMATIC S7 Date: 2/4/2012 SITRAIN Training for

SIMATIC S7 Date: 2/4/2012 SITRAIN Training for

0 8 1 5 AI1 AI2 AO1 AO2

SIMATIC S7 Date: 2/4/2012 SITRAIN Training for

Pulse Timer (SP) ON Delay (SD) Extended Pulse (SE)

SIMATIC S7 Date: 2/4/2012 SITRAIN Training for

Data type 0.01s <-- 0 0

SIMATIC S7 Date: 2/4/2012 SITRAIN Training for

SIMATIC S7 Date: 2/4/2012 SITRAIN Training for

DI DO SETPOINT Quantity ACTUAL Quantity

SIMATIC S7 Date: 2/4/2012 SITRAIN Training for

NW 2: Counting via memory word, ACT quantity

NW 3: Display ACT quantity on the BCD digital display

NW 4: Read in SETP quantity and convert from BCD to Integer

NW 5: ACT-SETP comparison, Conveyor indicator light Q 8.4