1. Describe the current environmental issues that are world are facing?

1. Population
2. Green house effects and global warming
3. Loss of biodiversity / natural resource depletion
4. Deforestation
5. Energy
6. Water
7. Food
8. Waste disposal
9. Pollution (Air, water, solid waste)
10. Acid rain / Ocean acidification
11. Ozone layer depletion
12. Climate change

2. Name the three pillars of sustainability.

1. Social sustainability
2. Environmental sustainability
3. Economic sustainability

3. What do you mean by renewable source of energy?

We call energy renewable if they can be replenished within the average lifecycle of
human being.
Renewable energy is the energy that will never end.
It can conveniently used to produce electricity and heat we need in out homes, schools,
offices, factories, etc.

4. Name renewable sources of energy?

1. Solar energy
2. Wind energy
3. Hydropower energy
4. Energy from oceans
5. Energy from biomass
6. Geothermal energy
7. Nuclear energy

5. How can you understand the green growth or environmental sustainable economic
growth?
It is defined by the Ministerial Declaration at MCED 5, is a strategy of sustaining
economic growth and job creation necessary to reduce poverty in the face of worsening
resource constraints and climate crisis.

6. Write down the short notes on harmful effect of air pollution on materials.
Abrasion, corrosion, direct or indirect chemical attack, deposition and removal.
Stone-discoloration, peeling
 Metals-corrosion
Rubber-cracking

7. Write down five mechanisms of deterioration of material due to air pollution.

1. Settling chambers
2. Cyclone separators
3. Fabric filters
4. Electrostatic precipitation
5. Wet collector (Scrubbers)

8. Write down the short notes on carbon trading.

Carbon trading is the process of buying and selling permits and credits to emit carbon
dioxide.
It has been a central pillar of the EUs efforts to slow climate change.
The worlds biggest carbon trading system is the European Union Emissions Trading
System (EU ETS).
Under carbon trading, a country having more emission of carbon is able to purchase the
right to emit more and the country to emit carbon to other countries.

9. What is air pollution?

Any solid, liquid or gaseous substances present in the atmosphere in such concentration
that may tend to be injuries to human beings or other living creatures or plants or properly
or enjoyment.

10. Describe three simple operational rules by Herman Dalay?

For renewable resources, the rate of harvest should not exceed the rate of regeneration
(Sustainable yield)
For pollution, the rates of waste generation from projects should not exceed the
assimilative capacity of the environment (Sustainable waste disposal)
For non-renewable resources, the depletion of the non-renewable resources should require
comparable development of renewable substitutes for those resources.

11. How to air pollutants enter the body?

Air pollutants enter the body through
Breathing, exposing the nose, throat and lungs
Ingestion: air pollutants can deposit on food or vegetation that will be eaten by
humans or livestock.
Absorption through the skin
12. Describe the objective of carbon tax?
The objective of carbon tax is to reduce the harmful and unfavorable levels of carbon
dioxide emissions, theory decelerating climate change and its negative effects on the
environment and human health.
13. Write short notes on (a) Greenhouse effect and global warming (b) Causes of ozone
layer depletion (c) Effects of ozone layer depletion
(a) Greenhouse effect and global warming
As an estimate the temperature of the health is increasing by 1C per century. This is
known as global warming.
The phenomenon used for the growing greenery at the comfortable, suitable temperature
inside the house is greenhouse effect.

(b) Causes of ozone layer depletion

Ozone layer is caused by human-produced bromine and chlorine containing chemicals.
(e.g. CFCs)

(c) Effects of ozone depletion

1. Higher levels of UV-radiation hitting the earth
2. Eye contacts
3. Skin cancer
4. Weakened immunity
5. May disrupt ecosystems
6. May damage crops and forests