Chapter 5 Tutorials

Isentropic flow

5.1 -5.4, 5.6-5.7, 5.9

Hints

5.3 Calculate Ma = 0.932 then use eqns 5.16, 5.17 and 5.18, (not o) is found from
= P/RT = 0.362kg/m3

5.4 Calculate Ma = 2.745, then interpolating from table A6 you will find:
T/To = 0.3989, P/Po = 0.0401 and / o = 0.1005. Use these values to determine To, Po and
o respectively

5.6 Calculate Ma = 2.601, to determine flow is supersonic

Use eqn 5.16 5.18 to calculate To, Po and o respectively
To find conditions after the shock wave we use eqn 5.29 to calculate Ma2 = 0.503
Then 5.26 and 5.27 to calculate P2 and T2
Static density after the shock wave 02 is found by first calculating 2 =P2/RT2 and then
substituting into egn 5.18
Vrel = a2 x Ma2 = 260.9 m/s

5.7 Using Vrel and 2 calculated in 5.6 we find FD = 5.606N then F = ma to find a

5.9 Convert Pressures to absolute. Patmos = 93.39kPa , so P1 = 126.39kPa and P2 = 97.4 KPa
1 = P1/RT1 = 1.520 kg/m3
Using eqn 5.35 mass flow = 0.4936 kg/s
Using mass flow and 1 find q = 0.3228 m3/s and V = 41.12 m/s

Fanno Flow

5.12, 5.13, 5.15, 5. 16

5.12 The question defines the type of pipe so that means we can determine its friction so we
assume Fanno flow
Determine 1 = 3.673 kg/m3, Ma = 0.0617, Re = 3.67*105 and f = 0.0046 (from Moodys)
Now use Table A8 at Ma1 = 0.06 (we could interpolate to find Ma at 0.0617 if we wanted
greater accuracy) to find 4fl*/D
Calculate 4flact = 153.3
Using eqn 5.43 find 4fl*/D]2 = 39.7
From table A8 where 4fl*/D] = 38.207 (closest value to 39.7 above. Again we could
interpolate if we wished) we find Ma2 = 0.13

5.13 The question defines the type of pipe so that means we can determine its friction so we
assume Fanno flow
 Similar to above Ma1 = 0.0108 0.01 so 4fl*/D = 7134.4045 and From Moody f = 0.0052, so
solve for l*

5.14 Involves multiple interations you can leave out

5.15 The question defines the type of pipe so that means we can determine its friction so we
assume Fanno flow
From A2 = 18.54 x 10-6 Pa.s (interpolated). To get answer in text use 18.5
Ma1 = 0.2592 0.26 in A8 so 4fl*/D]1 = 7.6876
f = 0.00343 so 4flact = 2.743 and then 4fl*/D]2 = 4.95
from above I interpolate A8 to find values at Ma = 0.0305 and I calculate T2 = 298.5K and P2
= 170 kPa

5.16 The question defines the type of pipe so that means we can determine its friction so we
assume Fanno flow
Choked flow means Ma2 = 1, ie 4flact = 4fl*/D
Ma1 = 1.371
f = 0.007

Rayleigh

5.17 - 5.20

5.17 Heat transfer takes place, no mention of friction so we assume Rayleigh flow
Ma1 = 0.3105. If we used this answer and interpolated from the tables we would get the
most correct answer. If you use Ma1 0.3 you will get the answers in the text.

From A6 @ Ma 0.3 we use the ratios to find T01 = 262.6K, then using T02 = T01 +q/cp we
find T02 =332K

From A9 @ Ma 0.3 we find T0/T0* = 0.3469 and T/T* = 0.4089 and P1/P* = 2.1314 (which
we use later)

We know T02/To* = (T02/T01)(T01/To*) so we find T02/To* = 0.3469 0.35

Ma2 (Mach at exit) 0.35

Again from A9 but now at 0.35 we find T2/T2*=0.514 and P2/P2* = 2.0487

T2 = (T2/T*)(T*/T1)T1

P2 = (P2/P*)(P*P1)P1

5.18 Heat transfer takes place, no mention of friction so we assume Rayleigh flow
Ma1 = 0.0867 0.09

From A6, as above we find T01 = 298.5 K

From A9 we find T01/To* = 0.0381 so then To* = 7835K also find P1/P* = 2.3731 for later
use
 From the question flow is Ma1 (choked) at exit therefore from A9 T02/T* = 1 therefore To*
= 7835

We also find P02/P* = 1 (for use later)

T02 = T01 +q/cp so we rearrange to find q = 7.57 MJ/kg

Using A6 at Ma1

Find T2/T02 and hence T2

Find P2 = (P2/P*)(P*/P1)P1 = 1 x (100 x 103)(2.3731)

5.19 Heat transfer (cooling) takes place, no mention of friction so we assume Rayleigh flow

From A5 gas constant = 260 so we fins Ma1 = 4.005 4

Use A6 to find T01 = 1273K

T02 = T01 - q/cp = 1120K

From A9 find V2/V*

And T0/T0* then T02/T0* = 0.518 and Ma2 = 7.8

From A9 at Ma = 7.8 find T2/T* P2/P* and V2/V*

Then solve for exit conditions as per previous examples

Note answer in text refers to V2 as 1373 kPa which should obviously read m/s

5.20 Ma1 = 0.3774 0.38

Using the same methods as in previous examples we find
T02 = 420.3 K
Ma2 = 0.53
And we then find the exit conditions as per the text

Mass flow must be equal but we prove by finding 1 = P/RT 0.893 and
hence mass flow = 1A1V1 = 0.2193 kg/s

Similarly 2 = 0.5322kg/m3 then mass flow = 2A2V2 = 0.2193 kg/s

Constant Temperature

5.22 The word isothermal tells us constant temperature

Calculate 1 = 5.23 kg/m3, Q1 = 0.86 m3/s, V1 = 48.674 m/s and Ma1 = 0.133
Using eqn 5.55 we find f = 0.0051

Calculate 2 = 1.308 kg/m3, Q2 = 3.44 m3/s, V2 = 194.7 m/s Ma2 = 0.532

Using A6 at Ma1 = 0.133 0.13 find T01 = 334K
The A6 at Ma2 = 0.532 0.53 find T02 = 351.7 K

q = Cp(T02 T01) = 17.65 Kj/kg

Total heat flow = q x mass flow