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A New Concept in Overvoltage Protection

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STATION
1"
SURGE ARRESTERS ,..

Table 2 lists the TRANQUELL arrester ratings that
would normally be applied on systems of various line-to-
line voltages. To decide which rating is most appropriate for
a particular application, consideration must be given to the
following system stresses to which the arrester will be
exposed relative to its capabilities in each category:
. the continuous system voltage
. tlle temporary power frequency overvoltages
. the switching surges (more frequently a consideraton
on systems 345 kV and above)
The arrester rating finally selected must have sufficient
capability to meet anticipated service requirements in al1
'"' three categories.
. Continuous System Voltage
Arresters in service are continuously exposed to normal
lineotooground power frequency (50 or 60 Hz) voltage. For
each arrester rating, there is a recommended limit to the
magnitude of the power frequency voltage that may be
continuously applied. This has been termed the "contin-
uous voltage capability" of the arrester and is given in
Column 2 of Table 6 for each rating.
The arrester rating must be selected so that the
continuous power frequency voltage applied to the arrester
is less than, or equal to, the continuous voltage capability
of the arrester. In actual practice, however, system voltage

T ABLE 2

ARRESTER RATINGS FOR VARIOUS SY5TEM VOLTAGES

ARRESTER RATING (kV) I ARRESTER RATING {kV)

HIGH IMPEDANCE H'IGH IMPEDANCE
GROUNDED, GROUNDED,
NOMINAL GROUNDED UNGROUNDED OR NOMINAL 'GROUNOED UNGROUNDED OR
SYSTEM L.L NEUTRAL TEMPORARILY UN. SYSTEM L.L NEUTRAL TEMPORARIL y UN-
VOLTAGE (kV) CIRCUITS GROUNDED CIRCUITS VOLTAGE(kV) I CIRCUITS GROUNDED CIRCUITS 1"
2.4 2.7 2.7 1"5 90 -
- I -
3.0 I 96
108 108
4.16 3.0
4.5
-
4.5 I - .120
-
- 5.1 138
I 108
120 -
4.5 - I
4.80 \1 - 132
5.1 5.1 -
- 11 144
6.0 I
161 120 -
6.9 6.0
-
- I 132 . -
-
7.5
8.5
I 144 144
......
12.47 9.0
10.0
-
-
i '230 172
- 168
-
180 -
- 12 11

,1 -
- 1, 192
15 ! - 228
13.2,13.8 10.0 - - 240 .
12.0 -
345 258 -
- 15
264 -
- 18
276 -
23.0,24.94 18 - 288 288
21 - 294 294
24 24 300 300
- 27 312 312
, 34.5 27 - -
400 3001S)
30 - -
312(5)
- 36 336 -
- 39 360 -
46 39 , - 525 396 -
- 48 420 -
69 54 - 444 -
v 60 - 765 588 -
- 66
- 72 ("
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. A New Concept in Overvoltage Protection

STATION
SURGE ARRESTERS

TABLE 6
TRANQUELL ARRESTER CHARACTERISTICS
(1) (2) 13) {41 (5)
MAXIMUM MAXIMUM MAXIMUM
CONTINUOUS EQUIV ALENT MAXIMUM DISCHARGE VOLTAGE (kV CREST) SWITCHING
VOLTAGE FRONT.OF.WAVE AT INDICATED IMPULSE CURRENT USING SURGE
AAAESTEA CAPABILlTY PROTECTIVE AN 8 x 20 MICROSECOND CUARENT WAVE PROTECTIVE
AATING (L.N) LEVEL LEVEL
kV AMS kV RMS kV CREST 3.0 kA 5 KA 10 kA 15 kA 20 kA 40 kA kV CREST
11.5 kA
2.7 2.20 8.1 6.1 6.4 6.7 7.3 7.9 8.5 10.3 5.6
3.0 2.54 9.3 6.9 7.3 7.7 8.3 9.0 9.7 11.7 6.4
4.5 3.70 13.5 I 10.0 10.5 11.0 11.9 12.8 13.8 16.4 9.2
5.1 4.20 15.2 11.3 11.9 12.5 13.4 14.5 15.5 18.4 10.4
6.0 5.08 18.4 13.6 14.4 15.0 16.1 17.4 18.6 no 12.6
7.5 6.10 22.1 16.4 17.2 18.0 19.3 20.9 22.4 26.5 15.1
8.5 6.90 25.0 18.5 19.5 20.4 21.8 23.6 25.2 29.7 17.0
9.0 7.62 27.6 20.4 21.5 22.5 24.0 26.0 27.7 32.7 18.8
10 8.47 30.6 22.7 23.9 24.9 26.7 23.8 30.7 36.1 20.9
12 10.16 36.7 27.2 28.6 29.9 32.0 34.5 36.9 43.4 25.0
15 12.70 45.9 .1 34.0 35.7 37.3 39.9 45.9
43.0 53.9 31.3
18 15.24 55.1 40.7 42.8 44.7 47.8 51.5 54.9 64.4 37.5
21 ' 17.1 61.8 45.7 48.0 50.2 53.6 57.8 61.6 72.1 42.1
24 19.5 70.5 52.1 54.8 57.2 61.2 65.9 70.3 82.4 480
27 21.9 79.1 58.5 61.5 64.3 68.6 74.0 78.9 92.3 53.9
30 24.4 88.2 65.2 68.5 71.5 76.4 82.3 87.7 102.5 60.1
36 29.3 106 I 78.2 82.3 85.9 91.7 98.7 105 123 72.1
39 31.7 115 8.6 89.0 92.9 99.2 107 114 133 78.0
45 , 36.5 132 97.4 103 107 114 123 131 153 89.8
48 38.9 141 103.8 109 114 122 131 139 163 95.7
54 I
43.7 142 105 110 115 122 129 135 157 106
60 I 48.6 158 117 123 128 I 136 144 150 174 118
66 53.5 174 128 135 141 I 150 158 166 192 130
72 I
58.3 189 140 147 153 163 I 172 180 209 142
90 72.9 237 175 le4 192 204 215 225 261 177
96 77.8 253 187 196 204 218 230 241 279 189
108 87.5 284 210 220 230 245 258 271 313 I
213
120 97.2 315 233 245 255 272 287 300 348 236
132 105 347 256 269 281 299 316 331 383 260
144 110 380 280 295 307 327 345 362 419 284
168 119 441 326 342 357 380 401 420 487 331
172 . 139 451 333 350 365 389 410 430 498 338
180 146 474 350 368 383 408 431 451 523 355
192 152 506 374 393 410 436 460 482 558 379
228 164 600 443 466 486 517 545 572 662 449
240 171 629 465 488 509 542 572 599 694 471
258 209 678 500 526 549 584 616 646 748 508
264 214 694 512 539 562 598 631 661 766 520
276 224 726 536 564 588 626 660 692 801 544
288 228 756 558 586 612 651 687 720 834 566
294 232 772 570 599 625 665 702 735 852 578
300 234 788 582 611 638 679 716 751 869 590
312 236 820 606 637 664 707 746 782 905 615
300(S)" 243 788 582 611 638 679 716 751 869 590
312(S)" 253 820 606 637 664 707 746 782 905 615
336 265 882 651 684 714 760 802 840 973 661
360 275 947 699 735 766 816 861 902 1045 709
396 321 1078 782 818 849 897 930 955 1056 779
420 340 1142 829 867 899 950 985 1012 1118 825
444 350 1209 877 917 952 1006 1043 1071 1184 874
588 476 1645 1161 1215 1261 1330 1380 1418 1567 1197

"300 and 312 kV ,atings lo, 400 kV systemapplication designated by 9L l1PHS__- or 9L 11AHS__- model numbe,s.

14 ? - ""';;'/- .',r
~
~
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in Column 3 of Table 6. In addition. Figures 16 and 17 pro-

I
vide erest voltages at 0.5j1s for other eurrent magnitudes. TABLE7
The equation used to ealeulate proteetive margin is:
TRANS- I
TRANS- FORMER MAXIMUM PRO. I
Transformer Arrester
01 "1 '

10 IV argm
(
=
.
Wlthstand
- .
Proteetlve Level
Arrester Proteetive Level
I 100 FORMER
WITHSTANO
TESTS
WITHST ANO
VOLTAGES
(kV)
ARRESTER
VOLTAGES
(kV)
TECTlVE
MARGINS
(%)

As a speeifie example in margin ealeulation. eonsider a Chopped Wave 1035 678 53

900.kV SIL transformer proteeted by a 258-kV TRAN- FuI! Wave 900 584 54
Switching Surge 745 508 47
QUELL arrester. The three withstand levels for the trans-
former are listed in Table 7 as speeified in ANSI C57.12.00-
1973. The appropriate arrester voltages from Table 6

r (assuming 10-kA impulse eurrent) are also listed along

with the resultant margins. .
The ealeulated proteetive margins indieate that the
arrester would provide exeellent proteetion for the trans-
former nsulation. The minimum margin reeommended by
the ANSI C62.2 is 20 pereent in the impulse regions and 15
pereent in the swtehing surge regon.
Table 8 lists the proteetive margins provided many
insulation levels by TRANQUELL arresters of various
ratngs. The transformer withstand levels used in calculating

TABLE3
PROTECTIVE MARGINS
I n
I PERCENT MARGIN TO PERCENT MARGIN TO
~ BIL
I
AR RESTE R
I
I
TRANSFORMER
WITHSTAND TEST LEVEL
ti
!i 81L ARRESTER
TRANSFORMER
WITHSTAND TEST LEVEL
kV RA TING I I
" kV RATING
I SWITCH.
CREST kV RMS 11 CREST kV RMS
CHOPPEO FULL ING FULL ING

I. l'iAVE i WAVE
I I

I
SWITCH.
SURGE
I

!l
WAVE
CHOPPEO
I
l'iAVE SURGE

350 90 69 72 Note 1 B25 I 172 111 112 103

"
96 5B
41
61
43
Note 1
Note 1
,1 II lBO
192
100
88
102
89
93
81
108
120 27 29 Note 1 !1
!, 228 58 60 53
., 240 51 52 45
:1
d 258 40 41 35
450 90 119 121 112 I

96 106 106 98 !j
"" 10B 83 84 76
900 258 53 (461 54
I
47
11
264 49 (43) 51 43
.. 120 65 65 59
276 43 (36) 44 37
"1
132 50 51 44 ti I1
iI 28B 37 (31) 38 I 32
144 37 38 32 i: 294 34 (28) 35 I 29
122 124 116 300 31 126) 33 26
550 108 [1
120 100 102 95 312 26121) 27 21
132 82 84 77 71
1050 258 78170) 80
144 66 68 62 I
76 67
I 264 74 (661
16B 43 45 39
276 67 (59) 68 60
172 40 41 36
288 60153) 61 54
180 33 35 30 294 58 51
I
57150)
650 120 138 139 129 'I 300 54 (47) 55 47
132 116 117 10B II 312 48 141) 49 41
144 97 99 90 I 26 25
1175 396 25 (20)
168 70 71 63 I
172 66 67 60 1300 396 39133) 40 39
180 58 59 52 I
420 31 (25) 32 31
192 48 49 42 II 53 51
1425 396 52 146)
420 43137} 45 43
750 172 92 93 83 444 36130) 37 35
82 B4 75 I
180 1550 396 65158) 67 66
192 71 72 64 57 56
420 56 191
228 44 45 38
444 4 7 (1) 49 4B
240 38 38 32

~ 1. Transformer
258 28

switching surge withstand

2B

not defined
22

by stanrlards.
1800 588 26 (20) 27 25