Professional Documents
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ESSAY
Paling Lambat:
Waktu
Rabu, 21 Desember 2016, jam 17.00
Kode Soal A
SOAL :
1. Coba jelaskan secara lengkap hull items yang harus examined, tested atau measured
sewaktu Special Survei Hull (SSH-I/Age of ship up to 5 years).
Juga Jelaskan secara komprehensif apa saja perbedaan-perbedaan dan tingkat-tingkat
pemeriksaan pada:
1) Examination of tanks
2) Testing of tanks
3) Thickness measurements
Untuk :
Age of ship : 5-10 years (SS-II); 10-15 (SS-III); over 15 years (SS-IV)
Jawab :
1) General
(a) Semua item Annual Survey (1.1) dan Special Survey Hull I (1.6), ditambah dengan :
(b) A sufficient amount of ceiling in the holds is to be lifted from bilges and the inner
bottom to enable the Surveyor to satisfy himself as to the condition of the structure
in bilges, the inner bottom plating, the pillar feet, the lower and plating of bulkheads
and the tunnel side. (c) In ships having a single bottom, the close ceiling in holds is to
be lifted to such an extent that at least 3 strakes on each side (one strake being at the
bilge) and all portable hatches in holds and flooring plates in machinery and boiler
spaces are to be removed for examination of the structure below. In either case the
(d) The two first cargo hold hatch covers and coamings (plates and stiffeners). (e)
Collision bulkhead, forward machinery space bulkhead, aft peak bulkhead.
Jawab :
Special Survey of machinery is to be carried out at the same time and intervals as
required for hull and equipment with respect to the type of machinery.
(a) Where deemed necessary by the Surveyor, control, governing and safety
devices are to be tested.
- (i) Cylinders, cylinder covers, pistons, piston rods and connecting rods, cross-
heads (including pins, bearings and guides) are to be opened out and
examined.
- (ii) Crank shafts and all bearings, cam shafts and their driving gears are to be
opened out and examined.
- (iii) Essential valves and valve arrangements, fuel oil pumps and fittings,
scavenging pumps, scavenging blowers, superchargers, intercoolers, filters or
oil separators and safety devices are to be opened out and examined.
- (iv) Clutches and reverse gear are to be opened out and examined.
- (v) Crank cases and explosion relief devices are to be opened out and
examined.
(e) For auxiliary engines, the requirements corresponding to those of the main
engine are to be complied with.
(a) All shafts (except the propeller and stern tube shafts), thrust blocks and line
shaft bearings are to be examined. The lower halves of bearings need not be
exposed, if alignment and wear are found satisfactory.
(c) The foundation bolts and chocks of main and auxiliary engines, gear casings,
thrust blocks and line shaft bearings are to be examined.
(d) An examination of machinery driven by the main engine and the engine
fittings is to be carried out.
(e) All air receivers and other pressure vessels for essential services together
with their mountings and safety devices are to be opened out and examined
internally and externally. Where internal examination is not practicable, they are
to be tested hydraulically to 1.5 times the working pressure and, if deemed
necessary by the Surveyor, a performance test of safety valves for the above
mentioned devices is to be carried out.
(f) Air compressors with their inter-coolers, filters and/or oil separators and
safety devices, and all pumps and components used for essential services are to
be opened out as deemed necessary by the Surveyor and examined.
(h) Remote control systems of main engines and controllable pitch propellers are
also to be tested in operation (special attention is to be given to the reverse
mechanism).
(j) Evaporators are to be opened out and examined. Their safety valves are to be
checked under working conditions.
(l) For pumping and piping arrangements the following is to be carried out:
- (i) Valves, cocks and strainers of the bilge system including the
emergency bilge suction valve are to be examined and, where deemed
necessary by the Surveyor, they are to be opened out.
- (ii) Fuel oil, feed and lubricating oil systems, ballast connections and
blanking arrangement to deep tanks which may carry liquid or dry
cargoes, together with all filters, heaters, coolers and condensers for
essential services are to be opened out and examined. Pressure tests may
be carried out, including safety devices, where deemed necessary by the
Surveyor.
(m) Where essential machinery is fitted with automatic and remote controls
these are to be tested to demonstrate that they are in good working order.
Special attention must be given to the proper operation of remote stopping
systems of transfer pumps, fuel oil heating pumps, forced draught fans and
engine room ventilation fans.
(n) Operation tests of engine room alarm system, including alarm system in the
engineers accommodation, are to be carried out.
(a) Main and emergency switchboards, section panels, and distribution fuse
panels are to be examined and overcurrent protective devices and fuses
inspected to verify that they provide suitable protection for their respective
circuits.
- (i) For main and emergency switchboard, feeder circuit breakers being
open, busbar circuit closed, measuring and monitoring instruments
disconnected, the insulation resistance measured across each insulated busbar
and hull, and across insulated busbars is not to be less than 1 M.
(h) The electrical supply of navigation lights and associated alarm and signal
devices is to be tested.
3. Coba sebutkan secara lengkap apa saja yang di-survey atau examined (hull & machinery
items), sewaktu pelaksanaan Annual Survey of Safety Construction (Survey consist of).
(Type kapal : General Cargo Ship / All ship)
Jawab :
Examining, in general and as far as can be seen, the hull and its closing appliances
Examining the anchoring and mooring equipment as far as can be seen
Examining the collision and the other watertight bulkheads as far as can be seen
Examining and testing (locally and remotely) all the watertight doors in watertight
bulkheads
Examining each bilge pump and confirming that the bilge pumping system for each
watertight compartment is satisfactory
Confirming that the drainage from enclosed cargo spaces situated on the freeboard deck
is satisfactory
Confirming that the machinery, boilers and other pressure vessels, associated piping
systems and fittings are installed and protected as to reduce to a minimum any danger to
people on board, due regard being given to moving parts, hot surfaces and other hazards
Confirming that the normal operation of the propulsion machinery can be sustained or
restoredeven though one of the essential auxiliariesbecomes inoperative
B. Pembacaan Draft
Draft kapal baik yang didepan (haluan), ditengah maupun dibelakang (buritan)
diterakan pada badan kapal dengan sistem imperial (feet, inch) atau sistem metrik (meter,
decimeter). Sebelum melaksanakan pembacaan draft kapal, hubungi Chief Officer agar
tidak mengerjakan hal-hal tersebut dibawah ini :
1) tidak membuang/mengisi/memindahkan air ballast
2) tidak memindahkan dari tanki ke tanki air tawar atau bahan bakar
3) tidak memutar keluar/masuk Derrick Boom atau Crane
Pembacaan Draft sebaiknya dilakukan sedekat mungkin dengan permukaan air,
dan untuk kapal besar sangat dianjurkan memakai motor boat.
Ukur jarak antara Deckline dan Water Line, dan kemudian kurangkan pada jarak antara
Deckline
dan Keel dan hasilnya adalah Draft kapal.
Jarak Deckline Keel = 10,0 m
Jarak Deckline Water Line = 6,0 m _
` Draft kapal = 4,0 m
Ukur jarak antara Summer Loadline dengan Water Line dan kemudian kurangkan pada
jarak
E. Deductible Weights
Sekali Draft kapal dibaca dan Density air diambil, Surveyor harus segera
menghitung Deductible Weight. Untuk kapal kecil dapat dikerjakan oleh 1 orang, tetapi
untuk kapal besar akan lebih bijaksana jika mempunyai seorang asisten. Deductible
Weight adalah berat kapal kosong (ship Lightweight), berat Ballast, Fresh Water, Fuel Oil,
Lubricating Oil , Stores, Constant, dll.
Surveyor harus Sounding semua Tank dan Ballast Tank atau menyaksikan Crew
melakukannya. Sebelum memulai pekerjaan Surveyor harus mempelajari General
Arrangement dari kapal. Idealnya kapal tidak miring dan harus rata air (Even Keel),
walaupun dalam prakteknya tidak
mungkin 100% rata. Semua tangki dan ruang ballast yang berpotensi seperti Cofferdam,
Tunnel dan lain-lain harus di-sounding, jangan ambil resiko. Jika ragu-ragu cocokan
F. Cargo Weights
Surveyor sekarang mempunyai Displacement yang telah dikoreksi dengan Draft,
Deformation, Density dan Trim. Dari Displacement ini, Surveyor harus mengurangkan
variabel-variabel atau Deductible Weights untuk mendapatkan Net Displacement.
Akhirnya diperoleh Net Displacement dari Initial Survey dan Net Displacement dari Final
Survey.
Perbedaan antara Net Displacement setelah muat dan Net Displacement sebelum
muat adalah Cargo Weight.
Dengan memakai metode diatas Surveyor tidak perlu mengetahui berapa
Constant dan Ship Lightweight. Hanya perlu diperhatikan perubahan-perubahan
Deductible Weights pada Initial Survey dan Final Survey.
Jika Deadweight Survey yang dikerjakan, pengukuran dan perhitungan hanya
dikerjakan pada keadaan kapal telah dimuati. Surveyor kemudian mengurangi
Displacement yang telah dikoreksi dengan Deductible Weights (semua berat yang telah
dihitung, Constant dan Ship Lightweight).
Sisanya adalah Cargo Weight.
Daftar Pustaka
Ir. Nurdin, Doniarsal. 2012. Survey Inspeksi Kapal dan Bangunan Lepas Pantai
Diktat Pemeliharaan Kapal Pak Doni
SIK-ISI-A.CLASS SURVEYS-1-41.pdf
3.1 Presentation-SIK-Class Surveys-SDM & Perencanaan-A.I.-A.II_.pdf