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AbstractIn battery-constrained wireless sensor networks (WSNs), Energy efficiency has been the ramble force behind the design of
communication protocol. In case of low-powered WSNs, the performance and the energy efficiency of the protocol stacks degenerate when
they are subjected to interference from high-power wireless systems such as WLANs. In IEEE 802.15.4-compliant WSNs, a novel Cognitive
Medium access control scheme (MAC) has been proposed to minimize the energy cost for multi-hop communications. Based on the
experienced interference from IEEE 802.11 WLANs, a full range of energy efficiency packet length and single hop transmission distances
must be derived. By comparing with previous access control scheme, a detailed analytic model has been derived to evaluate COG-MAC
performance .Under WLAN interference, 66% of packet transmission and energy cost can be decreased by the numerical and simulation
results. COG-MAC is lightweight and it can cope up with errors against WLAN model estimation. An effective, implementable solution to
reduce the WSN performance impairment is when coexisting with WLANs.
Keywords WSN, Energy efciency, Cognitive networks, Coexistence, IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.15.4.
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activated only when the data transmission occurs. The of cognitive radio has gain power in wireless sensor network
limitations behind this paper, it can lose messages, which and hence it provides an efficient communication. To satisfy
requires special software to be able to recover. Security the requirements of both WSNs and CRs also to attain the
problem. [2] benefits of cognition in sensor network, a proper plan should
M. Rossi proposed that the IRIS enables tradeoff between be made. To enable the cognitive radio sensor network, a
key end-to-end performance metrics. It provides mechanism unusual energy efficient and spectrum aware multi- channel
for supporting efficient network behavior such as in network medium access control (MAC) is used.
data processing. IRIS is self adaptive, highly localized and [4] A Multi-channel cognitive MAC protocol with efficient
imposes limited control overhead. The limitations behind channel reservation and collision avoidance method
this paper, It offers minimal security against unwanted In a wireless technology, the Cognitive radio networks have
incoming connections. Low signal strength monitoring. [3] raised due to their flawless solution to spectrum scarcity. In
V.Fodor proposed that, it allows the competing networking distributed Cognitive radio network, the spectrum is
technologies. More efficient use of the shared spectrum. The efficiently managed when the channel degrade dramatically
limitations behind this paper, due to interference. The MAC protocol should allow
2.4 GHz spectrum is often crowded with other devices. accessing the idle spectrum holes without affecting the
Access points can be used to steal data. [4] necessary elite. The necessary detection is required before
L.Pescosolido proposed that, it optimizes the size of the and after starting the band to avoid collision. To overcome
transmitted data unit. The normalized transmission energy is this problem, a distributed Cognitive MAC protocol is used
minimized. The limitations behind this paper, Existing to increase the network performance. The protocol operates
Wireless networks are unable to fulfill the insatiable demand over a separate control channel and multiple data channels.
of radio spectrum by emerging wireless services. Non- Thus the information is easily exchanged through the control
cooperative spectrum sensing techniques. [5] channel. The protocol improves the network efficiency due
A.Bachir proposed a large amount of miniaturized battery to good transmission.
powered wireless networked sensor s. It is driven by the
statistical properties of the generated traffic. The limitations 4. PROPOSED METHOD
behind this paper, Once a battery is depleted it is often very Our paper proposes a new Cognitive approach for the
difficult. Individual monitoring applications has a wide optimization of link layer parameters in wireless networks.
requirements. [6] The proposed approach takes into consideration a large
number of link layer parameters and it is able to calculate
3. EXISTING METHOD optimal setup values without explicit knowledge of the
[1] A Cognitive MAC for VANET based on the WAVE causes of network performance degradation.
systems A WSN Cognitive Medium Access Control has been
IEEE 802.11 give the system availability to share a single proposed to employ WLAN usage prediction and channel
exist channel to multi users but this is not for wireless, it is sensing in order to minimize the energy cost for unicast
only for wired network. Due to this same channel cannot be WSN communication under WLAN interference. It aims at
used at same time. In order to increase the efficiency of minimizing the transmission energy spent by sensors for
protocol, a good protocol must be designed to access on a transmitting and receiving data packets. The idle listening
single channel. In order to improve the performance of energy costs has not been considered by the COG-MAC
wireless, mesh network is used. The mesh network is used to design because it is combined with some duty-cycling which
sense all the channels and avoid the user from using busy is responsible for minimizing the energy spent due to idle
channels. Hence, the interference will be low. Any user can listening.
communicate with other user directly. Since there is low In our proposed method is mainly considered that Random
interference there will be a good efficiency during linear network coding concept.
transmission.
[2] Cognitive vision communication based on LED array and
image sensor
The concept used in vision communication is based on LED
array and image sensor. In this system the LED array is used
as transmitter and image sensor as a receiver. The transmitter
side uses digital image processing where else receiver side
uses CCD and CMOS. By identifying the techniques used in
vision system, the cognitive communication scheme is
possible. LED is used to increase the data and image sensor Fig.1.Time diagram of COG-MAC operations
is used to eliminate the noises. Through LED array and Fig. 1 shows the COG-MAC operation within a duty-cycle
image sensor a proper data transmission is possible. for potential transmitters (TR) and receivers (RR). The duty-
[3] Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and cycle of the TR nodes starts with a guard time (denoted as
Communications SYNC in the Figure) equal to tmax SYNC, ensuring that
Due to the inadequate cost by the increasing of wireless channel sensing and transmission do not overlap due to the
devices and services, a dynamic spectrum access in the form lack of perfect synchronization.
simulator design specifically for research in computer COGMAC 295 304 311 321 330
communication networks. It is used for obtaining the NCCOGMAC 254 260 266 272 280
transmission. Here, AWK programming language is used. NCCOGMAC 1.1 7.2 13.7 18.5
6. RESULTS
In the depicted graphical representation, the outputs of COG-
MAC and NCCOG-MAC has been compared. It can be
clearly understood that NCCOG-MAC provides better
energy consumption which is considerably precise than that
of COG-MAC.
GRAPH OUTPUTS
Average
load
5 10 15 20
Average energy
consumed(Joules)
Error rate
Fig.5.Average energy consumption vs Average load.
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
7. CONCLUSION&FUTURE WORK
In our project we proposed a new Cognitive MAC protocol
for wireless sensor networks. This addresses the energy
efficiency problem of both the access and backbone areas of
WSNs, providing an effective solution for data transmission.
We implemented our proposed Cognitive MAC protocol that
reduced the energy consumption in data transmission, a
complete wireless sensor networks.
We analyzed it in several realistic networks scenarios,
comparing its performance with that of existing protocol.
Furthermore, we simulated the behavior of Cognitive MAC
using (NS-2) Network Simulator-2.
Numerical results show that Cognitive MAC offers secure
network services to both wireless sensor network and
wireless local area network with negligible impact on
network performance, since it achieves reduced energy
consumption and increases the life time of a node.
In future we planned to implement this work for AP hop
problems between the nodes and show the performance for
the network.
REFERENCES