Humanities Exam Preparation

Term 1 Work
Population Pyramids
Population Pyramids are a visualisation of
the population ratios between genders, in
relation to age. They are called pyramids
because of the shape they typically take
based on population growth. They can
show the reader a great deal about a
population, and can also be used in
relation with development and gender
equality. When countries have
experienced gender inequality, and favour
males over females (i.e. China) the male
population tends to be larger than the
female population.

Wellbeing Terms and Definitions

Wellbeing

the state of existence, the conditions one lives in. Wellbeing is defined as: good or satisfactory
condition of existence; a state characterized by health, happiness, and prosperity; welfare:

GDP

Gross Domestic Product. The amount of money a country earns collectively on an annual basis.

GDP per capita

The Gross domestic product divided by the population. Used as an indicator to show what the
average income of a person is.

GNI

Gross national Income. The GDP plus anything the country or Citizens of the country earns overseas.

life expectancy

the average age a person is expected to live to.

HDI

Human Development Index, a tool developed by the united nations to measure and rank countries
social and economic progress based four statistical values; Life expectancy at birth, mean years of
schooling, expected years of schooling and gross national income per capita.
NGO

Non-Government Organisation, defined as a not-for-profit organisation usually working for

charitable causes.

Maternal mortality Rate

The statistical chance a woman will die during pregnancy or within 42 days of childbirth, from any
cause related to childbirth.

OECD

The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development is a group of 34 democracies who
work together to promote economic growth, prosperity, and sustainable development.

Sustainable development

Economic development that is conducted without the depletion of natural resources.

AUSAID

The Australian Agency for international development, which aims to assist developing countries
reduce poverty and achieve sustainable development, in line with Australian interest.

Millennium Development Goals.

A set of 8 goals set by the united nations to achieve by 2015. The goals are:

1. Eradicate extreme hunger and poverty

2. Achieve universal primary education
3. Promote gender equality and empower women
4. Reduce child morality
5. Improve maternal Health
6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases.
7. Ensure environmental sustainability
8. Develop a global Partnership for development.

Gross National Happiness

Gross national Happiness is an index comprised of a number of factors, which measures a countries
development in a physiological way, unlike GDP. It was created, is currently only surveyed in Bhutan.
The advantages are that it measures development on a much more personal level, however it is very
difficult to measure, as there is no defined value for happiness, and many people have different
ideas of happiness.

Girl Rising
Girl rising is a documentary film that focuses on the lives of 9 girls and their journey out of poverty. It
is titled girl rising because of how the girls are escaping from the poverty, gender inequality and
sexism of their past lives. The film suggests that the best way to bring girls out of poverty is to
educate them. These girls have experienced poverty because of a number of different causes,
including natural disaster, tradition, isolation, society and sexism.

Definitions
Quantitative indicators

Measures of quantity; of how much of something there is.

Quality indicators

Quality indicators are statistical measures that give an indication of quality. They are often subjective
and are not as factual as quantitative

SHEEPT factors

Social, Historic, Economic, Environmental, Political and Technological Factors.

Composite indicators

A combination of two or more indicators into one index. An example is the HDI.

Map Analysing

Use PQE (pattern, quantification, Exception)

This map of human development index shows the spread of global development. Countries in
western and central Europe, as well as North America and Oceania are shown to have high levels of
HDI, ranking between 1st and 48th on the HDI index. This is opposed to countries in sub-saharan
Africa, who have a Low or Medium HDI, ranking between 127th and 162nd in global HDI. Countries in
Asia, the Middle East, central and southern America and northern Africa are ranked between 49th
and 126th, having a medium HDI. The exception to this is Argentina and Peru in southern south
America, who have a high HDI, as well as japan and south Korea, which has a high HDI as well.

Term 2 Humanities
Causes of World War 2
Hitlers Role. Hitlers rise to power promised to raise Germany out of the ground and make
it the greatest country in the world. He invaded begun ww2 In hope of conquering Europe
for Germany.
Appeasement. Not wanting another Great War, powerful world leaders hoped that by
giving Hitler what he wanted, they would keep the peace. Many of Hitlers complaints
seemed reasonable at the time, as Germany had been severely setback by the treaty of
Versailles.
Nazi-Soviet Pact. Although this pact didnt last long, without the Nazi soviet pact, the
German army would have been set on from all sides from the beginning. With this pact,
Hitler was able to concentrate his forces on the western front and fighting Britain.
The Great Depression. This made the German people desperate as a combination of the
depression and the treaty of Versailles had left Germany severely set back, more so than
other nations who also experienced the depression. This provided the socio-economic
landscape for Hitlers rise to power.
League of Nations. Though the League of Nations was formed in hope of maintaining peace
through diplomatic means, its weakness was exposed soon into its formation. Global powers
such as Germany and the United States were not members, and the league lacked the power
to regulate aggressors, as it had no military force.
Treaty of Versailles. The treaty of Versailles was created at the end of ww1 which labelled
Germany as the cause of the war and established the League of Nations. It severely limited
Germanys power, disarmed their military and forced them to change from a monarchy to a
democracy, all of which were disliked greatly by the German public.
Japanese Expansionism. Following ww1, japan sought to be an industrialised global imperial
power, and pursued the acquisition of a large overseas empire. In 1941, this brought them
into direct confrontation with the USA, after seeing them as a threat to their goals and
attacking them.
US Isolationism. Following WW1, and during the great depression, public opinion forced the
American government into taking a policy of isolationism. They advocated non-involvement
in European and Asian conflicts, and because of this, the rising powers of Nazi Germany and
Imperial Japan did not fear US retribution, as it was the biggest industrial power at the time.

Japanese Expansionism
The Japanese empire feared globalisation, and its fast growing population meant that japan could
soon run out of resources to support itself. In hope of self-sufficiency, japan believed that the
western model of imperialism was the answer to its problems. Japan also believed that western
powers did not belong in Asia, and sought to create the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere; a
coalition of nations, similar to the modern European union, led by Japan. Japanese forces first
invaded Manchuria, in north-east china in 1941. In 1937, japan was in a state of all-out war with
china, and in 1940, it signed a pact with Italy and Nazi Germany. This expansionism did not meet
with Americas ambitions in the region, and so the US placed economic sanctions on oil and steel.
Seeing America as a threat to their own ambitions, Japan bombed Pearl Harbor on the 7th of
December 1941. When America set up bases in their ally, Australias northern coast, japan invaded
Papua New Guinea in hope of using it as a base to strike Australian and American territory.

Darwin Bombing
On the 19th of February, Japanese forces bombed Darwin. It was the first attack Australia had been
subject to on home ground, and though the numbers and details were largely covered up by the
government, it forced the Australian people to reconsider their place in the global conflict. The
government reported that only 17 people had died, whereas the number was likely closer to 250+.

Kokoda Trail