HISTROY OF MOLUCULAR BIOLOGY AND

BIOTECHNOLOGY
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HISTROY OF MOLUCULAR BIOLOGY AND
BIOTECHNOLOGY
THE HISTORY OF THE MOLUCULAR GENETICS OF GEORGE MENDEL IS CALLED AS THE

FATHER OF GENETICS , WHOS EXPRMENT WITH GARDEN PEAS WERE PUBLISHED IN 1866 .
UNWARE OF THESE EXPREMENT FRIENDRUICH MIESCHRE, A SWISS BIOLOGIST ,IN 1868, WAS THE
FIRST TO ISOLATE A PHOSPHOURS COMTING SUBSTANCE CELLLED NUCELIN, FROM THE NUCLEI OF
PUS CELL OBTAINED FROM DISCARDED SURGICAL BANDAGES (PUS CELLS ARE LEUCOCYTES) ,HE
FOUND THAT NUCLEUS CONISTS OF A BASIC PORTION OF P OROTIEN (HISTONS ) AND AN ACIDIC
PROTIEN . IN 1883 ,WILHELM ROHX INDEPENDENTHLY POSTULATED THAT NUCLEI MUST HAVE
INVISIBLE STRUCTURE HELD IN ROWS OR CHAINS THAT DUPLICATED THEMSELVES WHEN THE CELL
DIVEDS AND THESE VFILAMENTS AS CHOROMS .IT WAS ALTMAN, WHO FIRST USED THE TERM
NUCLEUS ACIDS IN 1889 AND DISCOVERAD THE EXISTENCES OF WO DIFFERENT TYPES OF NUCLEIC
ACIDS .DNA AND RNA. EXPREMENTS OF T.BOVERI AND W.S.SUTTON IN 1902 BROUGHTCONFIRMING
EVIDENCE THAT A GENE IS A PART OF A CHROMOSOMS .IN THE SAME YEAR (1902) A.E. GARROD
INDICETED THAT GENES IN HUMANS FUNTION THROUGH ENZYMES.

IN EASRLY 1940S , FREDIRICK GIRIFFITH ,A BACTERIOLOGIST ,SHOWED THAT THERE WAS A

TRANSFORMING FACTOR IN LIVIMNG CELLS .,THE FIRST DIRECT EVIDENCE THAT DNA IS THE BEARER
OF GENETIC INFORMEATION WAS PUT FORWARD BY OSWAL T .AVERY ,COLIN MACLEOID AND
MACLYN MACARTY IN 1943 ,AT THE ROCKFELLER ISTITUTE .THEY FOUND THAT DNA EXTRACTED FROM
A VIRULENTS DISEASE_