2G Database Parameters V2.1

2G DATABASE PARAMETERS
Database Parameter Description
Comprise of 2 parameter classes:

1. Network Interaction Parameters
2. Network Configuration Parameters
Huawei GSM Radio Parameter
Huawei GSM Radio Parameter divided of 523 Manage Objects and

more than 6000 parameters.
Important Objects:
GCELL : for cell parameter
GTRX : for TRX number and BCCH TRX information
GTRXCHAN : for channel type each TRX
G2GNCELL : for gsm to gsm neighbor
G3GNCELL : for gsm to 3g neighbor
GCELLBASICPARA : for Cell Basic Parameter
Updated parameter information and Huawei documentation can be found on
HedEx tools. Please install updated HedEx library for more detail description
Attached is parameter description with default value for BSC6900 GSM V900R015C00
Idle Mode Parameters
Module Objectives
List the functions of the MS during the idle mode

Explain the parameters used for PLMN selection, cell selection and cell reselection
State the purpose of location updates and the associated parameters
Idle Mode Operation
When?
When the MS is switched ON MS switched ON
When there is no dedicated connection
Why?
Search RF channels
To camp on the best suitable cell to find BCCH carrier
Why to camp on a specific cell?

For MS to receive system info from the NW on DL
For MS to be able to initiate a call whenever Check that the PLMN
& cell is allowed
needed
For the NW to be able to locate the MS when there
is a MT call/SMS
MS camps on
the best
suitable cell
Idle Mode Tasks
See slide 10 for detail
PLMN selection
Cell selection & re-selection
Location updates
Camping on a cell: Motivation
NAS control CM requests

indication radio
to user measurements
manual mode
PLMN
selected
PLMN selection cell selection registration location
and reselection and reselection area changes registration
PLMN
available location
registration
automatic mode response
IDs and ID Codes
Parameter Value
LAI (locationAreaId)
MCC (Mobile Country Code) 0 999

MNC (Mobile Network Code) 0 99,
0 999 (optional 3-digit MNC)
LAC (Location Area Code) 1 65533
BSIC (bsIdentityCode)
NCC (Network Colour Code) 07
BCC (BTS Colour Code) 07
CI (cell-ID) 0 65535
TSC (trainingSequenceCode) 07
CGI (Cell Global Identity) MCC + MNC + LAC + CI

PLMN Selection
An MS selects a PLMN when it is powered on or re-
Switch on in automatic PLMN selection operation mode enters an area covered by the network. It attempts to
select a registered PLMN if any. When the MS is
successfully registered on a PLMN, it shows the PLMN
on its screen. The MS is allowed to initiate or receive
Last registered calls on this PLMN.
PLMN or equivalent
PLMN If there is no registered PLMN or if the registered PLMN
is unavailable, another PLMN is selected either
automatically or manually, depending on the MS's
operating mode.
Home PLMN In automatic mode, the MS selects a PLMN from a PLMN list, in which
PLMNs are ranked in order of priority.
In manual mode, the user requests an MS to select and register on an
available PLMN among those displayed on the MS.
User controlled
PLMN list
In automatic mode, the MS selects a PLMN that is

Operator controlled available and allowed. If there is no registered PLMN or
PLMN list the registered PLMN is unavailable, the MS selects a
PLMN in the following order:
1. Home PLMN
Timer T 2. Each PLMN stored in the SIM, in order of priority
often called HPLMN Search Timer Other PLMNs with 3. Other PLMNs with receive levels higher than -85 dBm, in random
order
6 .. 480 minutes RATs the MS is 4. All other PLMNs in descending order of signal strength
Default: 60 minutes capable of
States and State Transition for Cell Selection
go here whenever a
new PLMN is selected
2 no BA list stored BA list stored

1 for PLMN
for PLMN
Normal no suitable cell found Stored list

cell selection cell selection
no suitable
cell found suitable cell found suitable cell found
Choose cell suitable cell found trigger

Camped Normal
normally cell re-selection
return Suitable cell
to idle re-selected
leave
mode
idle no suitable
mode cell found
IMSI unknown
Connected
Illegal MS
mode
PLMN not allowed
no 2
suitable
cell
found
(adopted from TS 43.022 V5.1.0 chap. 6)
States and State Transition for Cell Selection
go here when no SIM in MS SIM inserted in MS

Any cell 1
selection
no suitable no suitable
cell found
cell found cell found
Choose cell suitable cell found Camped trigger Any

on cell re-
any cell cell selection
return
to idle leave re-selected
mode idle cell found
mode on selected
Connected mode PLMN
(emergency call
only)
2 (adopted from TS 43.022 V5.1.0 chap. 6)

Normal Cell Selection
Search all the RF channels, take samples during
3-5 s and calculate averages. And put them in
ascending order with respect to signal level.
Then tune to the strongest RF channel.
Search for the frequency correction burst in that Tune to the next highest
carrier in order to verify if it is a BCCH carrier RF channel which is not
tried before
No
Is it a BCCH
carrier?
Yes
Try to synchronize to the carrier and read

the BCCH data
No
Is it a correct
PLMN ?
Yes
Yes
Is the cell barred?
No
No
Is C1>0
Yes
Camp on the cell
Pathloss Criterion C1 for Cell Selection
and Reselection
0..63 0..19
C1 = A max(B,0)
= RLA_C RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN max(MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH P , 0)
RLA_C = avg received RxLev on BCCH

P = MS max output power
Huawei Parameter
MO Parameter ID Parameter Name
GCELLBASICPARA RXMIN Minimum Access RXLEV
GCELLCCCH FMSMAXOPCC MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH
I am
outside
I am inside, but
have not enough
power
Pathloss Criterion C1 for Cell Selection
and Reselection
In case the neighbouring cells belong to different Location Area, Huawei Parameter
a hysteresis is applied with C1 criteria MO Parameter ID Parameter Name
minimizing ping-pong cell reselections GCELLIDLEBASIC CRH Cell Reselect Hysteresis Parameters
cellReselectHysteresis (CRH)(GCellIdleBasic) (014 dB)
Cell1 Cell2
LAC1 LAC2
C1 ( Cell1) C1 (Cell2) A= 4 dB
B= 6 dB
C= 8 dB
A B C
C1 Parameter
GUI Value Recommended
MO Parameter ID Parameter Name Meaning
Range Value
Maximum transmit power level of MSs. As one of the cell reselection parameters in
system message 3, this parameter is used to control the transmit power of MSs.
For details, see GSM Rec. 05.05.
In a GSM900 cell, the maximum power control level of an MS ranges from 0 to 19,
corresponding respectively to the following values (unit: dBm): 43, 41, 39, 37, 35,
33, 31, 29, 27, 25, 23, 21, 19, 17, 15, 13, 11, 9, 7, and 5.Generally, the maximum
transmit power supported by an MS is level 5 (corresponding to 33 dBm). The
MS_TXPWR_MAX_C minimum transmit power supported by an MS is level 19 (corresponding to 5 dBm).
GCELLCCCH FMSMAXOPCC 0~19
CH Other transmit power levels are reserved for high-power MSs.
In a GSM1800 or GSM1900 cell, the maximum power control level of an MS
ranges from 0 to 31, corresponding respectively to the following values (unit: dBm):
30, 28, 26, 24, 22, 20, 18, 16, 14, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 36, 34, and 32. Generally, the maximum transmit power supported by an MS
is level 0 (corresponding to 30 dBm). The minimum transmit power supported by
an MS is level 15 (corresponding to 0 dBm). Other transmit power levels are
reserved for high-power MSs.
Minimum received signal level for an MS to access the BSS. For details, see
GCELLBASICP Minimum Access
RXMIN 3GPP TS 05.08. The value of this parameter ranges from 0 to 63, representing - 0~63
ARA RXLEV
110 dBm to -47 dBm.
Cell reselection hysteresis. This is one of the parameters used to decide whether
0dB, 2dB, 4dB,
to reselect cells in different location areas. Setting this parameter can avoid an
GCELLIDLEBA Cell Reselect 6dB, 8dB,
CRH increase in network signaling traffic due to frequent location updates and reduce 6dB
SIC Hysteresis Parameters 10dB, 12dB,
the risk of losing paging messages. For details, see 3GPP TS 05.08 and 3GPP TS
14dB
04.08.
Exercise C1 Parameter
Look at parameter dump.

What is mostly implemented RXMIN setting for GSM900 and GSM1800?
Is there any GSM900 cells with FMSMAXOPCC lower than 5 (33 dBm)? What is the coverage impact of
this setting?
Pathloss Criterion C2
0 .. 126 dB 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 20 .. 640 s
step size: 2 dB 50, 60, dB step size: 20 s
C1 + CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET (TEMPORARY OFFSET * H(PENALTY_TIME - T))

C2 = for PENALTY_TIME 640 s
< C1 if temporary offset big for PENALTY_TIME = 640 s Huawei Parameter
GCELLIDLEBASIC PI Cell Reselect Parameters Indication
GCELLIDLEBASIC CRO Cell Reselect Offset
GCELLIDLEAD PT Cell Reselect Penalty Time
C2 GCELLIDLEAD TO Cell Reselect Temporary Offset
no TEMPORARY OFFSET
serving cell: C1 this CRO, PT and TO

C2: parameter will be active if PI
new candidate parameter set to YES
CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET
List of 6 = former serving
strongest cell
T
carriers:
C2: C2
C2:
C2: C1
C2:
C2:
C2: CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET
new candidate
= formerly non-
serving cell TEMPORARY OFFSET
T
PENALTY_TIME
Cell Reselection Based on Pathloss
Criterion C2
C2
cell 1 cell reselection &
cell 3
location update
cell
reselection cell 2
CELL_RESELECT_
HYSTERESIS (CRH)
5 seconds 5 seconds time
LAC = A LAC = B
Cell Reselection Based on Pathloss
Criterion C2
=30 Cell "A" (Serving Cell)
=25 Cell "B"
Road
Macro 900 "C" C1 =5 Cell "C"
=50 Cell "D"
C2 = C1 + cellReselectOffset -
Micro 900 "D" temporaryOffset*H(penaltyTime-T)
Macro 1800 "B"
=30 + 0 (H(x)=0, serving cell) Cell "A"
=25 + 20 - 30*H(20 - T) Cell "B"
C2 =5 + 0 - 0*H(20 - T) Cell "C"
=50 + 0 - 30*H(40 - T) Cell "D"
Cell "A" Cell "B" Cell "C" Cell "D"
cellReselectOffset (CRO) 0 dB 20 dB 0 dB 0 dB
temporaryOffset (TO) 0 dB 30 dB 0 dB 30 dB
Macro 900 "A" Parameters
penaltyTime (PT) 20 s 20 s 20 s 40 s
Time T: (0 - 19 s) Time T: (20 - 39 s) Time T: (> 40 s)

C2 =30 Cell "A" C2 =30 Cell "A" C2 =30 Cell "A"
C2 =15 Cell "B" C2 =45 Cell "B" C2 =45 Cell "B"
C2 =5 Cell "C" C2 =5 Cell "C" C2 =5 Cell "C"
C2 =20 Cell "D" C2 =20 Cell "D" C2 =50 Cell "D"
C2 Parameter
GUI Value Recommende

MO Parameter ID Parameter Name Meaning
Range d Value
Cell Reselect Parameters Indication (PI), sent on the broadcast channel,
Cell Reselect
indicates whether "Cell Reselect Offset", "Cell Reselect Temporary Offset" in NO(No),
GCELLIDLEBASIC PI Parameters YES(Yes)
the "SET GCELLIDLEAD" command, and "Cell Reselect Penalty Time" are YES(Yes)
Indication
used.
Cell Reselect Offset (CRO), indicating a correction of the C2.
Proper setting of this parameter can reduce the number of handover times,
helpful for assigning an MS to a better cell. In a special case that the PT is
31, the larger the CRO value is, the lower the possibility of handing over an
MS to the cell.
GCELLIDLEBASIC CRO Cell Reselect Offset 0~63 0
Generally, do not set the CRO to a value larger than 25 dB. The CRO with a
too large value will cause uncertain states in a network. The CRO values of
the cells with different priorities in a network are almost the same. For details,
see 3GPP TS 05.08 and 04.08. The setting of this parameter affects only the
MSs supporting the protocol of GSM Phase 2 or a later version.
Cell Reselect Temporary Offset (TO) indicates the temporary correction of
Cell Reselect C2. This parameter is valid only within the value specified by "Cell Reselect
GCELLIDLEAD TO 0~7 0
Temporary Offset Penalty Time". For details, see GSM Rec. 05.08 and 04.08. This parameter
applies to only GSM Phase II MSs.
Cell Reselect Penalty Time (PT) is used to ensure the safety and validity of
Cell Reselect Penalty
GCELLIDLEAD PT cell reselection because it helps to avoid frequent cell reselection. For details, 0~31 0
Time
see GSM Rec. 05.08 and 04.08.
Exercise C2 Parameter

Find out CRO default setting for GSM900 and GSM1800?
How many cells with TO setting greater than zero activated?
Is there any cells with negative C2 setting?
Cell Reselection Events
Authentication Failure
Pathloss Criterion C1 notification by upper layers
C1 0 for a period of 5 s
Huawei Parameter
Cell has been barred
GCELLIDLEBASIC CBA Cell Bar Access
Pathloss Criterion C2 CELL_BAR_ACCESS & CELL_BAR_QUALIFY
GCELLIDLEBASIC CBQ Cell Bar Qualify
neighbours C2 value >
current cells C2 value (same LA)
neighbours C2 value > RACH Failure
current cells C2 value + HYS MAX RETRANS + 1 times
(new LA)
for a period of 5 s.
Downlink Signalling Failure
DSC 0
When shall I
select a new cell?
DL Signalling Failure
90
DSCinit := round
BS_PA_MFRMS MS
DSC := DSCinit BTS

2..9 multi-
frame periods
paging
yes message successfully no
decoded?
Huawei Parameter
DSC := min (DSC+1, DSCinit) DSC := DSC - 4
GCELLIDLEBASIC BSPAMFRAMS Multi-Frames in a Cycle on the
Paging CH
DSC 0
no
yes
Cell
Downlink radio link Update
DSC = Downlink Signalling failure Counter failure detected!
DL Signalling Failure
Recommende
MO Parameter ID Parameter Name Meaning GUI Value Range
d Value
Number of multiframes in a cycle on a paging sub-channel. In fact, this

parameter specifies the number of paging sub-channels that a paging
channel in a cell is divided into.
2_M_PERIOD(2
In an actual network, an MS does not listen to other paging sub-channels
Multiframe Period),
but its belonging paging sub-channel only. For details, see 3GPP TS
3_M_PERIOD(3
05.02 and 05.08. The larger the value of this parameter, the more the
Multiframe Period),
number of the paging sub-channels in a cell, and the fewer the number of
4_M_PERIOD(4
the users belonging to each paging sub-channel. In this case, the mean
Multiframe Period),
uptime of the MS battery can be prolonged. For details, see the
5_M_PERIOD(5
Multi-Frames in a computing mode of paging group in 3GPP TS 05.02. The larger the value 2_M_PERIOD(
Multiframe Period),
GCELLIDLEBASIC BSPAMFRAMS Cycle on the Paging of this parameter, however, the larger the time delay of a paging 2 Multiframe
6_M_PERIOD(6
CH message in a space segment. Therefore, the average service Period)
Multiframe Period),
performance of the system lowers. Based on the principle of ensuring that
7_M_PERIOD(7
overload does not occur on paging channels, set this parameter to a
Multiframe Period),
value as small as possible. You must regularly measure the overload
8_M_PERIOD(8
conditions of the paging channels in a running network and accordingly
Multiframe Period),
adjust the value of this parameter properly. A paging message in a
9_M_PERIOD(9
location area must be sent in all the cells within this location area at the
Multiframe Period)
same time. Therefore, the capacity of a paging channel of each cell in a
location area must be the same or nearly the same. The capacity refers
to the calculated number of paging sub-channels of each cell.
Location Update Procedure
MS BSS MSC VLR HLR
LOCATION UPDATE REQUEST
REQUEST SUBSCRIBER ID
SEND SUBSCRIBER ID
REQUEST SUBSCRIBER INFO
SEND SUBSCRIBER INFO
AUTHENTICATION
AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE
ALL OK - HLR UPDATE

Trade-off between Location Update and
Paging Traffic
signalling
traffic
function of user density,

function of cell size, call arrival rate ...
user mobility
Paging
LocUp
optimum number # of cells in Loc. area

of cells in Loc. area
Location Updates
MS location & status flag => MSC / VLR
Mobile Station switched ON mode
IMSI Attach / Detach
Same Location Area => No Location Update
Different Location Area => Location Update
Change of the Location Area
Location Area under the same MSC / VLR
Location Area under another MSC / VLR => HLR will be updated
Service is rejected (MS unknown in VLR)
Time-Periodic LU (MS -> MSC/VLR)
Parameter
MO Parameter Name MML Command Meaning Default Value
ID
Attach-detach Allowed (ATT). If this parameter is set to YES, when an MS is

Attach-detach SET
GCELLIDLEBASIC ATT powered off, the network does not process any call connection for the MS as a YES(Yes)
Allowed GCELLIDLEBASIC
called party. In this way, the network processing time and resources are saved.
This parameter specifies the length of the timer for periodic location update. This
SET parameter must work with the "Implicit IMSI detach timer" on the MSC side. Set
GCELLIDLEBASIC T3212 T3212 2h
GCELLIDLEBASIC this parameter to half the value of the "Implicit IMSI detach timer" on the MSC
side.
LU and VLR Cleaning
MS Makes the last MS does not MS does not MS Has not made a MS Data cleaned up from
contact with network make a make a periodic LU till now. VLR after Loitering time
(MOC, MTC, SMS). If periodic LU. periodic LU. DETACH flag set. ends. In case the VLR
MS makes a IMSI MS still kept MS still kept No more paging for cleaning time occurs
DETACH, the loitering Attached in Attached in the MS; Loitering before this time, the MS
time starts VLR. VLR. time starts data is cleaned earlier
Time
0 6 12 12.5 25.5
Handover Related Parameters
Module Objectives
Explain the motivation for handover

Indicate the different types of handover and multi layer network
Describe the principle steps to be executed for handover (averaging, triggering, adjacent cell
ranking, target cell selection, timer)
Discuss the handover algorithms applied to interference, RX quality and RX level handover
Discuss the handover algorithms applied to power budget
Describe the different kinds of imperative handovers
Explain the use of handover for traffic control
Handover Types
Germany Czech Republic
Intra PLMN
Simple Cell ID required Inter PLMN
LAC + CI Global Cell ID required
MCC + MNC + LAC + CI
Inter MSC
Intra cell
Only other carrier / timeslot
Inter cell
Intra BSC
Inter BSC
Intra MSC
Synchronized Handover Signalling
MS NETWORK
BSC performs synchronous
handovers for intra-BTS (inter-cell or
ACTIVE CALL
intra-cell handovers)
Old Channel, Old Cell
HANDO CMD BCS performs asynchronous
handovers for inter-BTS handovers.
HANDO ACC
New Channel, New Cell
HANDO ACC
HANDO ACC
HANDO ACC However, the BSC also performs
asynchronous handovers for intra-BTS
HANDO COM inter-cell handovers when the following
conditions are met:
1. DIRMAGANSITEFLAG is set
ACTIVE CALL to YES. That is, a repeater is
configured for the source cell or
Original and target cells controlled by same BTS target cell.
No timing advanced information required for MS 2. FRAMEOFFSET is set to a
Inter cell handover from one sector to another of same site (BCF) value other than 0 or 255. That
is, frame offset is configured for
the source cell or target cell.
3. The source cell or target cell is
a multi-site cell.
Non Synchronized Handover Signalling
MS NETWORK
ACTIVE CALL
HANDO CMD
HANDO ACC New Channel, New Cell

.
Timer T3124
in MS (320 HANDO ACC
ms)
PHYS INFO maxNumberOfRepetition (NY1)
5..35
PHYS INFO
HANDO COM
ACTIVE CALL
Source and target cells controlled by different BTS

Timing advanced information required for MS
Inter cell handover from one BTS to another
Handover Failure Signalling
MS NETWORK
ACTIVE CALL

HANDOVER CMD
Timer T3103 expiry or

New Channel, New Cell
Radio link failure
HANDOVER FAIL Old Channel, Old Cell
ACTIVE CALL
Parameter MML Actual Value

MO Parameter ID Meaning Unit
Name Command Range
Timer started after the BSC delivers a handover command in an intra-BSC inter-cell handover. If the BSC
SET
GCELLTMR INTRABSCHOTIMER T3103A receives a handover complete message before this timer expires, the timer stops. If this timer expires, the BSC ms 500~60000
GCELLTMR
considers the handover as failed.
Timer started after the BSC delivers a handover command in an intra-BSC intra-cell handover. If the BSC
SET
GCELLTMR INTRACELLHOTIMER T3103C receives a handover complete message before this timer expires, the timer stops. If this timer expires, the BSC ms 500~60000
GCELLTMR
considers the handover as failed.
Multi Layer Network Types
Super reuse
Normal frequency
frequency
Macro cells
Micro cells
Intelligent Underlay Overlay

Different frequencies for high / low power TRx
GSM 900 cell
Coverage Layer: Gives access to the network

Capacity Layer: Provides additional capacity and allows traffic
distribution
GSM 1800 cell
Huawei Handover Procedure
Below is Huawei handover procedure
Huawei has two handover decision algorithm :

Handover Algorithm I
Handover Algorithm II
MO Parameter ID Parameter Name MML Command Meaning GUI Value Range Recommended Value
Current HO Control SET Whether to use handover algorithm HOALGORITHM1(Handover algorithm I), HOALGORITHM1
GCELLHOBASIC HOCTRLSWITCH
Algorithm GCELLHOBASIC generation 1 or 2 currently. HOALGORITHM2(Handover algorithm II) (Handover algorithm I)
Huawei Handover Algorithm I
Huawei handover Algorithm I : HO Decision in handover algorithm I, 5 types HO decision defined
Quick Handover
Chain Cell HO
& Fast move HO
Handover
preprocessing
Handover decision based on handover algorithm I

is made in the following order:
- quick handover,
- emergency handover,
- enhanced dual-band network handover,
- load handover, and
- normal handover.
Huawei Handover Algorithm II
Huawei handover Algorithm II : HO Decision in handover algorithm II, 3 types HO decision defined
Handover
preprocessing
BQ : Bad Quality Handover

TA : Timing Advance Handover
Handover Parameter Enable/Disable
MO Parameter ID Parameter Name Feature Name Recommended Value
GCELLHOBASIC BETTERCELLHOEN Better Cell Handover Enable HUAWEI II Handover YES(Yes)
HUAWEI I Handover
GCELLHOBASIC BQHOEN BQ HO Allowed HUAWEI II Handover
YES(Yes)
HUAWEI I Handover
GCELLHOBASIC INTERFHOEN Interference HO Allowed HUAWEI II Handover
YES(Yes)
HUAWEI I Handover
GCELLHOBASIC LEVHOEN Level HO Allowed HUAWEI II Handover
YES(Yes)
GCELLHOBASIC PBGTHOEN PBGT HO Allowed HUAWEI I Handover YES(Yes)
GCELLHOBASIC QUICKPBGTHOEN Quick PBGT Handover Enable Fast Move Handover YES(Yes)
HUAWEI I Handover
GCELLHOBASIC TAHOEN TA HO Allowed HUAWEI II Handover
YES(Yes)
HUAWEI I Handover
GCELLHOBASIC COBSCMSCADJEN Co-BSC/MSC Adj HUAWEI II Handover
NO(No)
HUAWEI I Handover
GCELLHOBASIC CONHOEN Concentric Circles HO Allowed HUAWEI II Handover
NO(No)
GCELLHOBASIC EDGEHOHYSTEN Low Hysteresis Allowed for Edge HO HUAWEI II Handover NO(No)
Enhanced Outgoing Cell Handover HUAWEI I Handover
GCELLHOBASIC EDOUTHOADEN HUAWEI II Handover
NO(No)
Allowed
Set this parameter to YES when the "HOCTRLSWITCH" parameter is set to HOALGORITHM1(Handover
HUAWEI I Handover
GCELLHOBASIC FRINGEHOEN Edge HO Allowed HUAWEI II Handover
algorithm I). Set this parameter to NO when the "HOCTRLSWITCH" parameter is set to
HOALGORITHM2(Handover algorithm II).
GCELLHOBASIC HOPRIOMODEN HO Priority Adjustment HUAWEI II Handover NO(No)
HUAWEI I Handover It is recommended that this parameter be set to NO in high-speed coverage scenarios or cells with frequency
GCELLHOBASIC INTRACELLHOEN Intracell HO Allowed HUAWEI II Handover hopping (FH) enabled,and be set to YES in cells with FH disabled.
INTRACELLSINUSERE HUAWEI I Handover
GCELLHOBASIC User-Level Intra-Cell HO Prohibit HUAWEI II Handover
NO(No)
N
HUAWEI I Handover
GCELLHOBASIC LoadHoEn Load Handover Support HUAWEI II Handover
NO(No)
GCELLHOBASIC PATHLOSSHOEN Pathloss Ho. Enable HUAWEI II Handover NO(No)
HUAWEI I Handover
GCELLHOBASIC QCKMVHOEN MS Fast Moving HO Allowed HUAWEI II Handover
Set this parameter to YES only in special scenarios such as highways.
GCELLHOBASIC QUICKHOEN Quick Handover Enable Fast Move Handover NO(No)
In dual-band networking mode for densely populated urban areas, the level drops rapidly due to multiple
barriers. The propagation loss of the 1800 MHz frequency band is greater than the propagation loss of the
GCELLHOBASIC RXQCKFALLHOEN Rx_Level_Drop HO Allowed HUAWEI I Handover
900 MHz frequency band. Considering the preceding factors, you can set this parameter to YES for the
DCS1800 cell. Under normal conditions, set this parameter to No.
HUAWEI I Handover
GCELLHOBASIC SIGCHANHOEN SDCCH HO Allowed HUAWEI II Handover
NO(No)
GCELLHOBASIC ATCBHOEN Concentric Circles ATCB HO Allowed Concentric Cell NO(Close)
Measurement Report Processing
The processing can be performed either on the BSC side or on the BTS side
If BTSMESRPTPREPROC is set to BSC_Preprocessing(BSC preprocessing), the processing is performed on the BSC
side.
If BTSMESRPTPREPROC is set to BTS_Preprocessing(BTS preprocessing), the processing is performed on the BTS
side. By setting the parameters PRIMMESPPT, BSMSPWRLEV, and MRPREPROCFREQ, you can specify the contents
of the MRs to be provided and the period during which the MRs are provided. This decreases the signaling traffic on the
Abis interface and the traffic volume processed by the BSC.
Recommended
MO Parameter ID Parameter Name MML Command Meaning GUI Value Range
Value
Whether to enable the BTS to preprocess
BSC_Preprocessing
GCELLHOCTRL BTSMESRPTPREPROC MR.Preprocessing SET GCELLHOCTRL measurement reports. This parameter BSC_Preprocessing, BTS_Preprocessing
(BSC preprocessing)
determines where to conduct power control.
Transfer BTS/MS Power Whether to enable the BTS to transfer BTS/MS
GCELLHOCTRL BSMSPWRLEV SET GCELLHOCTRL NO(No), YES(Yes) YES(Yes)
Class power class to the BSC
NOreport(Do not report), Twice_ps(Twice
every second), Once_ps(Once every
Sent Freq.of Frequency at which the BTSs submit pre- Twice_ps(Twice every
GCELLHOCTRL MRPREPROCFREQ SET GCELLHOCTRL second), Once_2s(Once every two
preprocessed MR processed measurement reports to the BSC second)
second), Once_4s(Once every four
second)
Whether the BTSs send the original

measurement reports to the BSC after pre-
GCELLHOCTRL PRIMMESPPT Transfer Original MR SET GCELLHOCTRL processing them. When this parameter is set to NO(No), YES(Yes) NO(No)
YES, the BTSs send the original and pre-
processed measurement reports to the BSC.
Measurement Pre-Processing HO Penalty
According to the neighboring cell information in an MR and the parameters, the system performs
handover pre-processing and adjusts the priorities of neighboring cells.
The handover penalty is performed after successful fast-moving micro cell handover, timing
advance (TA) handover, Bad Quality (BQ) handover, fast-moving micro cell handover, OL subcell
to UL subcell handover within an enhanced concentric cell, and after the handover failures.
Ranking of Candidate Cell
Basic ranking is performed after handover penalty

The candidate cell is ranked by the some rules. It is for both serving cell and the neighbor cells.
The ranking processes include:
M rule: RX_LEV (n) > MSRXMIN(n) + OFFSET
K rule: Ranked in descending order according to the rx_lev only
16 bits ranking: The smaller the value is, the higher the priority
Cell Type
(Extension, Co-BSC/MSC Cell Layer Priority Rx Lev
Normal)
Reserve bit Layer HO Load HO hysteresis

Overloaded Target Cell
During the handover execution, when a candidate cell is fully loaded:

If HoCDCOverLodeHoEn is set to YES, the BSC allows an MS to be handed over to the
candidate cell.
If HoCDCOverLodeHoEn is set to NO, the BSC does not allow an MS to be handed over to the
candidate cell.
Allow HO to Overloaded SET Whether a call can be handed over to an
GCELLHOBASIC HoCDCOverLodeHoEn NO(No), YES(Yes) NO(No)
Candidate Cell GCELLHOBASIC overloaded candidate cell.
Triggering Handover P and N Rule
Nx samples
Less than Px samples >= threshold
No handover triggered
Actual average samples
In Huawei parameter
threshold
Nx named with Watch
Nx samples Time (Stat)
Px samples are >= threshold
Number of average samples
Nx 0.5..16
handover triggered Px named with Valid
Px 0.5..16 Time (Last)
Target cell selection
Parameter : Trigger Point When the set

threshold has been met or
MO Parameter ID Parameter Name exceeded Px times of Nx times
G2GNCELL LEVSTAT Layer HO Watch Time
G2GNCELL LEVLAST Layer HO Valid Time
G2GNCELL PBGTSTAT PBGT Watch Time
G2GNCELL PBGTLAST PBGT Valid Time
GCELLHOBASIC EDGESTAT Handover Algorithm II Edge HO Watch Time
GCELLHOBASIC EDGELAST Handover Algorithm II Edge HO Valid Time
HW handover parameter
Do the process in BTS side

HW handover parameter
Power Budget Handover
PBGT handover is a type of normal handover..

Required source and target handover in the same layer
Trigger :
(MIN (MS_TXPWR_MAX, P) RXLEV_DL PWR_DIFF) (MIN (MS_TXPWR_MAX (n), P) RXLEV_NCELL (n)) > PBGT_HO_MARGIN
For PbgtLast within PbgtStat condition met
RX Level
Serving cell
-90
3 dB Sample:
PBGT_HO_MARGIN = 3 dB
-95 Adjacent cell(n)
Suitable target cell:
-100 RxLev(n) RxLev+3dB
t1 t2
Power Budget Handover - Parameter
Actual Value
MO Parameter ID Parameter Name MML Command Meaning Recommended Value
Range
Whether to use the PBGT handover algorithm. PBGT handovers are based on path loss. The PBGT
SET handover algorithm searches in real time for cells that have lower path loss and meet system
GCELLHOBASIC PBGTHOEN PBGT HO Allowed NO, YES YES(Yes)
GCELLHOBASIC requirements, and decides whether to perform the handovers. To avoid ping-pong handovers, PBGT
handovers can occur only on TCHs and among cells on a same layer and a same priority level.
Threshold for triggering PBGT handovers. PBGT handovers to a neighboring cell can be triggered when
the following condition is met:
In densely populated urban areas, the
ADD G2GNCELL Path loss in the serving cell - Path loss in the neighboring cell > Actual value of this parameter
G2GNCELL PBGTMARGIN PBGT HO Threshold -64~63 recommended value is 68; in the
MOD G2GNCELL If this parameter is set to a value less than 64, calls can be handed over back to a neighboring cell whose
suburbs, the recommended value is 72.
path loss is greater than that in the serving cell. The actual value of this parameter is equal to the GUI
value minus 64.
The triggering of PBGT handovers must meet the P/N criteria. A PBGT handover is triggered when P of N
ADD G2GNCELL
G2GNCELL PBGTLAST PBGT Valid Time measurement reports meet the condition for PBGT handovers. This parameter corresponds to the P in 0.5~16
MOD G2GNCELL
the P/N criteria.
The triggering of PBGT handovers must meet the P/N criteria. A PBGT handover is triggered when P of N
ADD G2GNCELL
G2GNCELL PBGTSTAT PBGT Watch Time measurement reports meet the condition for PBGT handovers. This parameter corresponds to the N in 0.5~16
MOD G2GNCELL
the P/N criteria.
Neighbor Cell
Serving Cell
TA Handover Coverage
TA Limit
In case of overshooting cell,

TA Handover can be activated for temporary
solution. Final solution should be coverage
optimization
TA handover is a type of emergency handover.

The TA handover decision is made according to the TA value reported by the MS.
The TA value of a normal cell ranges from 0 to 63 and that of an extended cell ranges from 0 to 219. The TA
can be stepped up or down in steps of 553.5 m. The TA value of 63 corresponds to a distance of 35 km.
After the TA handover is successful, the penalty is performed on the original cell.
During TIMETAPUNISH, SSTAPUNISH is subtracted from the level of the original cell to prevent an immediate handover
back to the original cell.
Actual Value
Range
Whether to allow the TA handover algorithm. The TA handover determines
whether the TA is greater than or equal to the predefined TA threshold. When
SET NO(No),
GCELLHOBASIC TAHOEN TA HO Allowed the TA is greater than or equal to the predefined TA threshold, a TA handover NO~0, YES~1
GCELLHOBASIC YES(Yes)
is triggered. The TA is calculated based on the distance between the MS and
the BTS. The longer the distance is, the larger the TA value is.
An emergency handover is triggered when TA is greater than or equal to the
GCELLHOEMG TALIMIT TA Threshold SET GCELLHOEMG 0~255
value of this parameter.
After the time advancing handover is successful, the penalty on the original
Penalty Level after TA SET serving cell is performed within the "Penalty Time after TA HO": the receive
GCELLHOFITPEN SSTAPUNISH 0~63
HO GCELLHOFITPEN level of the original serving cell is decreased by "Penalty Level after TA HO", to
prevent ping-pong handovers.
After the time advancing handover is successful, the penalty on the original
Penalty Time after TA SET serving cell is performed within the "Penalty Time after TA HO": the receive
GCELLHOFITPEN TIMETAPUNISH 0~255
HO GCELLHOFITPEN level of the original serving cell is decreased by "Penalty Level after TA HO", to
prevent ping-pong handovers.
BQ Handover (Bad Quality)
BQ handover is a type of emergency handover in which the system makes the decision based on
the uplink/downlink receive quality on the Um interface.
Actual Value Recommended

MO Parameter ID Parameter Name MML Command Meaning
Range Value
Whether to enable the bad quality (BQ) handover algorithm. Whether to
trigger BQ handover depends on the uplink and downlink receive quality
SET (measured by BER). If the uplink or downlink receive quality is greater than
GCELLHOBASIC BQHOEN BQ HO Allowed NO, YES YES(Yes)
GCELLHOBASIC or equal to the BQ handover threshold, emergency BQ handover is
triggered. The possible causes of BER increase (or quality degradation)
include too low signal power and channel interference.
Limit to the downlink receive signal quality during emergency handovers.
The value of this parameter equals any of the quality levels 0 through 7
SET
GCELLHOEMG DLQUALIMIT DL Qual. Threshold multiplied by 10. Emergency handovers can be triggered only when the 0~70
GCELLHOEMG
For non AMR call downlink receive signal quality of an MS is higher than or equal to the value
of this parameter (the downlink receive signal quality is poor).
SET An emergency handover due to bad quality is triggered when the uplink
GCELLHOEMG ULQUALIMIT UL Qual. Threshold 0~70
GCELLHOEMG receive quality is not smaller than "UL Qual. Threshold".
DL Qual. Limit for AMR SET
GCELLAMRQUL DLQUALIMITAMRFR Downlink quality limit for emergency handover in an AMR full rate call. 0~70
FR GCELLAMRQUL
For AMR FR call
UL Qual. Limit for AMR SET The value of this parameter corresponds to multiplying quality level 0 to 7 by
GCELLAMRQUL ULQUALIMITAMRFR 0~70
FR GCELLAMRQUL 10.
DL Qual. Limit for AMR SET
GCELLAMRQUL DLQUALIMITAMRHR Downlink quality limit for emergency handover in an AMR half rate call. 0~70
HR GCELLAMRQUL
For AMR HR call
The value of this parameter corresponds to multiplying quality level 0 to 7 by
UL Qual. Limit for AMR SET
GCELLAMRQUL ULQUALIMITAMRHR 10. An emergency handover can be triggered only when the uplink receive 0~70
HR GCELLAMRQUL
quality of the MS is greater than or equal to the value of this parameter.
BQ Handover (Bad Quality) Target Cell
If the target cell is a neighboring cell:

If BqNCellAbsThresSw is set to ON,
Filtered downlink receive level of the target cell > neighboring cell's HOTHRES +( BQMARGIN 64)
If BqNCellAbsThresSw is set to OFF,
Filtered downlink receive level of the target cell > Filtered downlink receive level of the serving cell after
compensation + ( INTERCELLHYST of the serving cell configured for the neighboring cell 64) ( BQMARGIN 64).
Actual Value
Range
Difference between the downlink receive level of the serving cell and that of a neighboring cell during bad quality
handovers. This parameter is used to calculate the bad quality handover hysteresis based on the following formula:
Bad quality handover hysteresis = Value of "INTERCELLHYST" -Value of this parameter
ADD G2GNCELL -64~63
G2GNCELL BQMARGIN BQ HO Margin Bad quality handovers to a neighboring cell can be triggered when the following condition is met:
MOD G2GNCELL (0-127)
(Downlink receive level of the neighboring cell after filtering - Downlink receive level of the serving cell after power
control compensation) > (Value of "INTERCELLHYST" - 64) - (Value of this parameter - 64). The actual value of this
parameter is equal to the GUI value minus 64.
In densely populated urban

ADD G2GNCELL Hysteresis value during the handovers between cells, This value is used to suppress ping-pong handovers between -64~63 areas, the recommended value
G2GNCELL INTERCELLHYST Inter-cell HO Hysteresis
MOD G2GNCELL cells. The actual value of this parameter is equal to the GUI value minus 64. (0-127) is 68; in the suburbs, the
recommended value is 72.
Handover threshold during the handovers between cells on different layers or of different priorities. This value is used
to suppress inter-layer ping-pong handovers.
GCELLHOBASIC HOTHRES Inter-layer HO Threshold SET GCELLHOBASIC Inter-layer handover threshold of the serving cell = "Inter-layer HO threshold" - "Inter-layer HO Hysteresis"; 0~63
Inter-layer handover threshold of a neighboring cell = "Inter-layer HO Threshold" + "Adjacent Cell Inter-layer HO
Hysteresis" - 64.
Whether to use an absolute threshold when the BSC selects a neighboring cell during a BQ handover. When this
parameter is set to ON, an absolute threshold is used. The absolute threshold is calculated as follows:
ADD G2GNCELL Absolute threshold = Value of "HOTHRES" + Value of "BQMARGIN" - 64
G2GNCELL BqNCellAbsThresSw BQ HO Neighbor Cell Select MOD G2GNCELL OFF(Off), ON(On) Off
When this parameter is set to OFF, a relative threshold is used. The relative threshold is calculated as follows:
Absolute Thld Switch
Relative threshold = Downlink receive level of the serving cell after power control compensation + Value of
"INTERCELLHYST" - Value of "BQMARGIN"
Interference Handover
Interference handover is a type of intra-cell handover and type of emergency handover

Interference handovers are triggered when the receive quality level is greater than the expected
receive quality threshold based on the current receive level.
Requirement : IntraCellHoEn = Yes and InterfHoEn = Yes and radio condition

UL Rx Qual > threshold at certain UL RxLevel
DL Rx Qual > threshold at certain DL RxLevel
Threshold is
- For non AMR call : RxQualn and FHGainOffset
- For AMR Call : RxQualn and RxLevOff
Where n is rxlevel from 1 to 12
Target cell : intra cell only

Interference Handover - Parameter
MML Actual Value Recommended
MO Parameter ID Parameter Name Meaning Range
Command Value
Whether to allow the interference handover algorithm. Interference handovers are triggered when the receive
GCELLHOBASIC INTERFHOEN Interference HO Allowed SET GCELLHOBASIC quality level is greater than the expected receive quality threshold based on the current receive level. That is, NO, YES YES(Yes)
handovers are required when the MSs are subject to all kinds of radio interferences.
It is recommended that
this parameter be set to
NO in high-speed
Whether to allow intra-cell handovers. Forced intra-cell handovers or AMR TCHF-to-TCHH handovers in the coverage scenarios or
GCELLHOBASIC INTRACELLHOEN Intracell HO Allowed SET GCELLHOBASIC NO, YES
case of Huawei handover algorithm I are not subject to this parameter. cells with frequency
hopping (FH) enabled,and
be set to YES in cells with
FH disabled.
Interfere HO Qual. Thresh For AMR FR voice services, a fixed amount of offset is added to the corresponding grade of the received
GCELLAMRQUL RXLEVOFF SET GCELLAMRQUL 0~70
Offset for AMR FR signal quality for the interference handover of non-AMR FR voice services.
Threshold for triggering interference handovers of non-AMR FR voice services.
If "INTERFHOEN" is set to YES(Yes), interference handovers can be triggered when the following conditions
are met:
The uplink receive signal quality after filtering is higher than the specified threshold for the receive signal
quality at the current uplink level.
The downlink receive signal quality after filtering is higher than the specified threshold for the receive signal
quality at the current downlink level.
At the current uplink and downlink levels, the parameters for specifying the thresholds for the uplink and
downlink receive signal quality are as follows:
"RXQUALn" (1 <= n <= 12): used for non-AMR FR calls.
The receive signal quality equals the value of "RXQUAL1" if the value of n is 1.
The receive signal quality equals the sum of the values of "RXQUALn" and "FHGAINOFFSET" if both of the
Interfere HO Qual. Thresh 1
GCELLAMRQUL RXQUAL1 SET GCELLAMRQUL following conditions are met: 0~70
for Non-AMR FR
2 <= n <= 12
The current frequencies involve in FH.
"RXQUALn" (1 <= n <= 12): used for AMR FR calls.
The receive signal quality equals the value of "RXQUAL1" if the value of n is 1.
The receive signal quality equals the sum of the values of "RXQUALn" and "RXLEVOFF" if the following
condition is met:
2 <= n <= 12
The receive signal quality equals the sum of the values of "RXQUALn", "RXLEVOFF", and "FHGAINOFFSET"
if the current frequencies involve in FH.
When Huawei handover algorithm I is used and this parameter is set to 70, the BSC does not trigger
interference handovers for calls whose signal level class is lower than 31 dB.
This parameter is invalid if Huawei handover algorithm II is used.
Interfere HO Qual. Thresh 12
GCELLAMRQUL RXQUAL12 SET GCELLAMRQUL n = 12 0~70
for Non-AMR FR
Handover Due to No Downlink Measurement Report
Handover due to no downlink measurement report is performed on the basis of the uplink quality.
The purpose is to ensure the call continuity and minimize the possibility of call drops.
Handover due to no downlink measurement report is generally caused by adverse radio environment
on the uplink. In this case, the requirements of the filtering algorithm cannot be met, so other
handover decisions cannot be performed.
Target Cell selection :

The ranked neighboring cells recorded in the last complete MR are saved as candidate cells.
Only a neighboring cell can serve as the target cell.
Receive level in neighboring cell > Filtered receive level in serving cell + ( INTERCELLHYST 64) ( BQMARGIN 64)
A neighboring cell serves as the target cell if the previous conditions are met for ULBQLASTTIME within
ULBQSTATTIME.
Handover Due to No Downlink Measurement Report
Parameter
MO Parameter ID Parameter Name MML Command Actual Value Range Recommended Value
GCELLHOEMG NODLMRHOEN No Dl Mr.HO Allowed SET GCELLHOEMG NO, YES NO(No)
NODLMRHOALLOWLIMI Cons.No Dl Mr.HO Allowed
GCELLHOEMG SET GCELLHOEMG 0~64
T Limit
GCELLHOFITPE SET
DATAQUAFLTLEN Filter Length for TCH Qual 480~14880
N GCELLHOFITPEN
GCELLHOFITPE SET TCH:480~14880;
SIGQUAFLTLEN Filter Length for SDCCH Qual
N GCELLHOFITPEN SDCCH:470~14570
GCELLHOEMG ULQUALIMIT UL Qual. Threshold SET GCELLHOEMG 0~70
GCELLAMRQUL ULQUALIMITAMRFR UL Qual. Limit for AMR FR SET GCELLAMRQUL 0~70
GCELLAMRQUL ULQUALIMITAMRHR UL Qual. Limit for AMR HR SET GCELLAMRQUL 0~70
GCELLHOEMG NODLMRHOLASTTIME No Dl Mr. HO Last Time SET GCELLHOEMG 0.5~8, step: 0.5
GCELLHOEMG NODLMRHOSTATTIME No Dl Mr. HO Statistic Time SET GCELLHOEMG 0.5~8, step: 0.5
ADD G2GNCELL
G2GNCELL INTERCELLHYST Inter-cell HO Hysteresis -64~63 recommended value is 68; in the
MOD G2GNCELL
ADD G2GNCELL
G2GNCELL BQMARGIN BQ HO Margin -64~63
MOD G2GNCELL
ADD G2GNCELL
G2GNCELL ULBQLASTTIME UL BQ HO Last Time 0.5~4
MOD G2GNCELL
ADD G2GNCELL
G2GNCELL ULBQSTATTIME UL BQ HO Static Time 0.5~4
MOD G2GNCELL
EDGE Handover
Edge handover is performed on the basis of receive level.

To trigger an edge handover, the receive level of the target cell should be at least one hysteresis
value (specified by INTERCELLHYST 64) greater than the receive level of the serving cell.
Trigger Condition
DL RxLevel < DLEDGETHRES
UL RxLevel < ULEDGETHRES
RxLevel neighbor > RxLevel serving + INTERCELLHYST 64
EDGE Handover - Parameter
Actual Value
Range
Set this parameter to YES when the
Whether to enable the edge handover algorithm. When an MS makes a call at the edge of a cell, the call "HOCTRLSWITCH" parameter is set to
drops if the receive signal level is too low. To avoid such a call drop, the edge handover algorithm is used. HOALGORITHM1(Handover algorithm I).
SET
GCELLHOBASIC FRINGEHOEN Edge HO Allowed When the uplink signal level of the serving cell is less than "Edge HO UL RX_LEV Threshold" or the NO, YES Set this parameter to NO when the
GCELLHOBASIC
downlink signal level of the serving cell is less than "Edge HO DL RX_LEV Threshold", the edge handover "HOCTRLSWITCH" parameter is set to
is triggered. HOALGORITHM2(Handover algorithm
II).
The recommended value is 20 when
Edge HO DL RX_LEV SET Threshold for triggering downlink edge handovers. Edge handovers are triggered when the downlink HUAWEI I Handover is used;
GCELLHOBASIC DLEDGETHRES 0~63
Threshold GCELLHOBASIC receive level remains lower than this threshold. The recommended value is 15 when
HUAWEI II Handover is used.
Edge HO UL RX_LEV SET If the UL receive level remains lower than the "Edge HO UL RX_LEV Threshold" for a period, the edge
GCELLHOBASIC ULEDGETHRES 0~63
Threshold GCELLHOBASIC handover is triggered.
ADD G2GNCELL Hysteresis value during the handovers between cells, This value is used to suppress ping-pong handovers
G2GNCELL INTERCELLHYST Inter-cell HO Hysteresis -64~63 recommended value is 68; in the
MOD G2GNCELL between cells. The actual value of this parameter is equal to the GUI value minus 64.
According to the P/N rule, if the conditions for edge handover are met in P of N measurement reports, the
Handover Algorithm II Edge SET
GCELLHOBASIC EDGELAST handover is triggered. 0.5~16
HO Valid Time GCELLHOBASIC
This parameter specifies the number P.
According to the P/N rule, if the conditions for edge handover are met in P of N measurement reports, the
Handover Algorithm II Edge SET
GCELLHOBASIC EDGESTAT handover is triggered. 0.5~16
HO Watch Time GCELLHOBASIC
This parameter specifies the number N.
Exercise HO Parameter

What is HO Control Algorithm mostly used on cells?
List HO type that mostly active on cells.
Power Control Related Parameters
Module Objectives
Explain the motivation for power control

Indicate the BSS parameters required for power control in general (output power levels, fixed step
sizes)
Describe the principle steps to be executed for power control (averaging, triggering, power change
step size estimation)
Discuss the algorithms used to estimate the power change step size, when the power has to be
increased / decreased due to signal level / quality
Explain the motivation for power optimisation
Indicate the BSS parameters required for power optimisation
Power Control Motivation
Reduced
interference on
DL/UL
Power control is used to

reduce the MS or BTS
transmit power after radio
Longer service time of battery
Supported by default on UL links are established.
Activation of DL power control Power Control feature is
AMRCallPCAllowed Y,N
introduced to:
NonAMRCallPCAllowed Y,N Reduce interference.
Improve stability of link
quality, especially reduce
Power control independent the number of poor-quality
calls.
for DL and UL
for each call Reduce power consumption
Power Control Process
Power control is implemented as follows:

The MS or BTS measures receive level and receive quality and stores the information in
MRs. Then, the MS or BTS reports the MRs to the BTS or BSC.
The BSS preprocesses the MRs, including performing interpolation and filtering on lost
MRs.
The BSS uses the power control algorithm to calculate the MS or BTS transmit power
and then makes a power control decision.
The BTS sends an MS Power Control message to the MS, informing the MS of the
power control decision. Alternatively, the BSC sends a BS Power Control message to the
BTS, informing the BTS of the power control decision.
The MS or BTS transmits signals at the power specified in the message.
Measurement
With same parameter with Handover, BTS can do pre processing measurement to reduce Abis load and Processor Load
BSC.
Whether to enable the BTS to preprocess

BSC_Preprocessing,
GCELLHOCTRL BTSMESRPTPREPROC MR.Preprocessing SET GCELLHOCTRL measurement reports. This parameter BSC_Preprocessing
BTS_Preprocessing
determines where to conduct power control.
In case of DTX (Discontinues Transmission) active on BTS, the measurement value SUB SET selected. If DTX is not use
measurement value FULL SET is selected
Recommended
Parameter ID Value Range
Value
EnhMeasReport(Enhanced Measurement Report)
MEASURETYPE ComMeasReport
ComMeasReport(Common Measurement Report)
BSC_Preprocessing(BSC preprocessing) DTX
BTSMESRPTPREPROC BSC_Preprocessing
BTS_Preprocessing(BTS preprocessing)
NO(No)
PRIMMESPPT YES
YES(Yes)
NO(No) -87 -89 -110 -86 -87 -87
BSMSPWRLEV YES
YES(Yes)
NOreport(Do not report) RxLevel Full = (-87 + -89 + -110 + -86) /4 = -93
Twice_ps(Twice every second) RxLevel Sub = (-87 + -89 + -86) /3 = -87.3
MRPREPROCFREQ Once_ps(Once every second) Twice_ps RxLevel Sub
Once_2s(Once every two second) used for DTX
Once_4s(Once every four second) case
Huawei Power Control Algorithm
Huawei has three type of Power Control Algorithm

PC II Algorithm : dual threshold for Rx Level and Rx Qual
MR compensation
Predictive filtering
Variable-step power control
Fixed-step power control
Adjustment of the upper threshold for signal strength in the case of bad signal quality
Separate configuration of the power control step for uplink and downlink
PC III and PC III Opt. Algorithm : single threshold for RxLevel and Rx Qual
Exponential filtering and sliding window filtering
Interpolation optimization
Comprehensive decision-making based on receive level and receive quality
Different thresholds for different speech versions
Power Control SET Whether to enable power control algorithm II PWR2(Power control II),
GCELLPWRBASIC PWRCTRLSW PWR3(Power control III)
Switch GCELLPWRBASIC or power control algorithm III PWR3(Power control III)
Huawei Power Control II Algorithm
Threshold This offset
used to anti
ping pong
power control
Downlink and Uplink have different threshold
Downlink threshold
Better Rx Qual

GCELLPWRBASIC DLQHIGHTHRED DL Qual. Upper Threshold
GCELLPWRBASIC DLQLOWTHRED DL Qual. Lower Threshold
GCELLPWRBASIC DLSSHIGHTHRED DL RX_LEV Upper Threshold
GCELLPWRBASIC DLSSLOWTHRED DL RX_LEV Lower Threshold
UL threshold
GCELLPWRBASIC ULQHIGHTHRED UL Qual. Upper Threshold
GCELLPWRBASIC ULQLOWTHRED UL Qual. Lower Threshold
GCELLPWRBASIC ULSSHIGHTHRED UL RX_LEV Upper Threshold
GCELLPWRBASIC ULSSLOWTHRED UL RX_LEV Lower Threshold
If RxQual is higher than or equal to the value of the

ULQUALBADTRIG parameter, an offset specified by
the ULQUALBADUPLEV parameter must be added
to the uplink signal strength so that power can be
increased
Better Rx Level
Huawei Power Control II Algorithm
Step Size
RxLevel AdjStep :
If RxLev < ULSSLOWTHRED, the power needs to be
Better Rx Qual
increased with step :

min {abs(0.5 x ( ULSSHIGHTHRED+ ULSSLOWTHRED) RxLev),
MaxValAdjrx}
If RxLev > ULSSHIGHTHRED, the power needs to be

decreased with step :
min {abs(0.5 x ( ULSSHIGHTHRED + ULSSLOWTHRED ) RxLev),
MAXSTEPx}
where, x in MAXSTEPx indicates 0, 1, or 2.
RxQual AdjStep:
If RxQual >= ULQLOWTHRED, power needs to be
increased at the step specified by the MAXADJPCVAL
IRxQual < ULQUALBADTRIG, power needs to be
decreased at the step specified by the QUALSTEP
Better Rx Level
Huawei Power Control III Algorithm
Power control can be activated or deactivated for AMR and non-AMR calls independently using the
Whether to enable the III power control
Allow III Power OFF(Not Allowed),
GCELLPWR3 AMRCALLPCALLOWED SET GCELLPWR3 algorithm for AMR calls. If enabled, power OFF(Not Allowed)
Control For AMR ON(Allowed)
control is performed on AMR calls.
Whether to enable the power control
Allow III Power
algorithm III for non-AMR calls. If the OFF(Not Allowed),
GCELLPWR3 NONAMRCALLPCALLOWED Control For Non- SET GCELLPWR3 ON(Allowed)
algorithm is enabled, power control is ON(Allowed)
AMR
performed on non-AMR calls.
PC III Procedure : MR Interpolation

If the RXLEV value (k) is missing, the missed value is replaced by the value of the last RxLev (k 1).
If the RXQUAL value is missing, the missed value is replaced by a worst possible value RXQUAL=7.
The value of MS or BTS transmit power missing from MRs is not interpolated. In such a case, MR
filtering is not affected, and power control proceeds properly.
The interpolation is not performed if measurement results are lost.
If the number of continuously lost MRs is greater than the value of the MRMISSNUM parameter,
power control stops. The power control will resume when a new MR is received.
MR filtering
MR filtering in the PCIII algorithm involves exponential filtering and sliding window filtering.
Calculation and Adjustment Step
Power control is not required when the following conditions are met:
ULREXLEVHIGHTHRED Rxlev ULREXLEVLOWTHRED
UL**REXQUALHIGHTHRED RxQual UL**REXQUALLOWTHRED.
Otherwise, the calculation of the adjustment step starts.
** represents FS (full rate), HS (half rate), AFS (AMR full rate), or AHS (AMR half rate).
Calculation and Adjustment step :

The PCII algorithm uses dual thresholds. The power is increased if the channel power is lower than the lower threshold,
and the power is decreased if the channel power is higher than the upper threshold.
The PCIII algorithm is different from the PCII algorithm. In the PCIII algorithm, adjusted power is simply proportional to
the difference between the current power and the configured target power.
Calculation and Adjustment Step
SThr = (SThrUp + SThrDown)/2, QThr = (QThrUp + QThrDown)/2

where
SthrUp indicates the upper threshold for downlink receive level and is specified by the DLRexLevHighThred parameter.
SThrDown indicates the lower threshold for downlink receive level and is specified by the DLRexLevLowthred parameter.
QThrUp is specified by the DL**RexQualHighThred parameter.
QthrDown is specified by the DL**RexQualLowThred parameter.
** represents FS (full rate), HS (half rate), AFS (AMR full rate), or AHS (AMR half rate).
step(k) = (sfactor x (BsTxMaxPower g(k) SThr) + qfactor x (qa_filtered(k) QThr))

where
During BTS power control, if the value of step(k) is
Sfactor is specified by the DLREXLEVADJFCTR parameter. different from the value of step(k1), the BSC
BsTxMaxPowe indicates the maximum transmit power of the TRX used for the current call. sends a power control command to the BTS:
Qfactor is specified by the DLREXQUALADJFCTR parameter.
P = BsTxMaxPower + step(k)
If the value of step(k) is greater than 0, the value of P
g(k) = p(k) (ca_filtered(k) + qa_filtered(k) 10 x log10 (1 + 10^(qa_filtered(k)/10))) is greater than the maximum BTS transmit power.
Therefore, if the value of step(k) is greater than 0,
the value is considered 0. No power adjustment is
where performed.
g(k) indicates the gain of the radio channel (referred to as path loss of the channel).
qa_filtered (k) indicates the filtered receive quality (converted to CIR).
ca_filtered(k) indicates the filtered receive level.
p(k) indicates the BTS transmit power
If the value of step(k) is greater than 0, the value is considered 0. No power adjustment is performed.
Optimized Huawei Power Control III Algorithm
The PCIII Opt. algorithm is implemented in the same manner as the PCIII algorithm, including MR processing, MR
filtering, calculation of the power adjustment step, and power control execution.
The PCIII Opt. algorithm takes effect when the PWRCTRLSW parameter is set to PWR3(Power Control III) and the
PWRCTRLOPTIMIZEDEN parameter is set to YES.
PWRCTRLOPTIMIZEDE III Power Control Whether to enable the power control
GCELLPWR3 SET GCELLPWR3 NO(No), YES(Yes) YES(Yes)
N Optimized Enable optimization algorithm III.
Exercise
Look at Parameter Dump

What is Power Control strategy that mostly implemented?
Radio Resource Parameters
GSM Radio Resource
Basic TDMA Structure
5
4
3
2
Physical channel 1
e.g. allocated to one 0
subscriber with FR voice 7
and no frequency hopping
6
5
4 TDMA frame
3 = 8 timeslots
2 ( 0.577ms * 8 = 4.615 ms)
1
0
7
6
5
4
2 2 2
3 TDMA frame
2
1
0
GSM Radio Resource
Multi, Super & Hyper Frames
TDMA frame
numbering
2048 super frames = hyper frame
0 2047
0 1 2 Super frame = 26 x (51 multi frame) 48 49 50

0 1 or 51 x (26 multi frame) 24 25
0 1 2 24 25 0 1 22 49 50
49 50
26 multi frame = 120 ms 51 multi frame = 235 ms
(Traffic and associated signalling) (Signalling and Control channels)
0 7
TDMA frame = 4.615 ms
GSM Radio Resource
GSM Channel Organization
Logical Channels
for transport of specific content
mapping
MS Physical Channels
transport medium Base Station
Subsystem
Physical channel parameters
ARFCN
Time slot number
Frequency hopping algorithm
GSM Radio Resource
Logical Channels
FCCH Frequency Correction Channel
SCH Synchronisation Channel

DL
BCH
BCCH Broadcast Control Channel
CBCH Cell Broadcast Channel

Common
Channels
DL
PCH Paging Channel
UL
CCCH RACH Random Access Channel
DL
AGCH Access Grant Channel
SDCCH Stand alone Dedicated Control Channel

UL/DL
DCCH SACCH Slow Associated Control Channel
FACCH Fast Associated Control Channel

Dedicated
Channels
FR/HR Full rate / Halft rate TCH
UL/DL
TCH EFR Enhanced Full rate TCH
AMR FR/HR Adaptive multirate TCH (FR/HR)

GSM Radio Resource
Mobile Originating Call Channel Usage
This page covers mobile originated (MO) call flow between Mobile(UE)
and network. It covers messages exchanged between Layer 3
entities(RR,MM,CC) at both side. It include
channels(RACH,AGCH,SDCCH,FACCH,TCH) used at layer 1
MS tune frequency as per FCCH and time as per SCH burst. Information
here in this FCCH is all zeros which produces continuous sine wave of
about 67.7 KHz above the RF carrier centre frequency, This helps
mobile(UE) synchronize with the GSM Base station
SCH carry frame number and BSIC (Base Station Identity Code) which
helps Mobile synchronize with GSM frame structure as well as helps in
identification of the Base station in the GSM network
MS has received and decoded SIs(System Information) from the received

BCCH. From the decoded system information of BCCH, mobile station
comes to know where it has to transmit CCCH(RACH) and where it has to
listen for CCCH(carrying PCH,AGCH).
TCH
GSM Radio Resource
Mobile Terminating Call Channel Usage
This page describes mobile terminated call flow

between Mobile(UE) and network. It covers messages
exchanged between Layer 3 entities(RR,MM,CC) at
both side. It include
channels(PCH,RACH,AGCH,SDCCH,FACCH,TCH) used at
layer 1 to carry these messages over the air
TCH
GSM Radio Resource
Traffic Channel Mapping
Full Rate Traffic Channel Configuration (UL & DL)
26 TDMA frames = 120 ms
t t t t t t t t t t t t sf t t t t t t t t t tf t t i
1 26
t = full rate TCH, s = SACCH/T, i = idle TDMA frame
Half Rate Traffic Channel Configuration (UL & DL)

t t t t t t s t t t t t t
f f
T T T T T T T T T T T T S
...
1 26
t = half rate TCH, s = SACCH/T (first user)
T = half rate TCH, S = SACCH/T (second user) TDMA frame
GSM Radio Resource
Signalling Channel Mapping
(BCCH + SDCCH/4 + SACCH/C4)
Downlink
1 51
f s f sf f s f s f s -
BCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH

SDCCH 0 SDCCH 2 SACCH
SDCCH 1 SDCCH 3 0/2 SACCH
1/3
Uplink
1 51
rr f r r r r r r r r rf r r r r r r r r r rf r r r r f r r
SACCH SDCCH 0 SDCCH 2

SDCCH 3 2/0 SACCH SDCCH 1
3/1
f = FCCH, s = SCH, r = RACH TDMA frame
- = dummy burst
GSM Radio Resource
(BCCH +CCCH/9)
Downlink
1 51
Usually this BCCCH
BCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH config preferred for
paging capacity
Uplink reason
1 51
r r r r r r r r r r r r rf r r r r r r r r r rf r r r r r r r r r rf r r r r r r r r r rf r r r r r r r r
f = FCCH, s = SCH, r = RACH TDMA frame

- = dummy burst
GSM Radio Resource
(SDCCH/8 +SACCH/C4)
Downlink
1 51
f i i i
SDCCH 0 SDCCH 2 SDCCH 4 SDCCH 6 SACCH SACCH

SDCCH 1 SDCCH 3 SDCCH 5 SDCCH 7 0/4 SACCH 2/6 SACCH
1/5 3/7
Uplink
1 51
f fi i i
SACCH SDCCH 0 SDCCH 2 SDCCH 4 SDCCH 6 SACCH

SACCH 6/2 SACCH SDCCH 1 SDCCH 3 SDCCH 5 SDCCH 7 4/0
5/1 7/3
i = idle TDMA frame

GSM Radio Resource
SACCH (SLOW ASSOCIATED Control Channel)
In the full rate traffic channel case, one SACCH burst appears once in every 26 frame multi frame structure.
It takes four bursts to transmit complete SACCH information in four consecutive 26 frame MF. It takes about
480ms. One 26 frame MF is of duration 120ms. SACCH is available always between Mobile and Base
station(BTS) in GSM when a dedicated traffic link is active.
Slow Associated Control Channel is called as "associated" as this channel is always associated with either
TCH or SDCCH. It also maps on the same physical channel(T0,F0) as TCH/SDCCH. T0 is time slot and F0
is frequency.
In the downlink, SACCH is used to convey transmit power level control instructions and timing advance
information to the GSM mobile.
In the uplink, SACCH carries received signal strength, TCH quality information and measurement report
of neighboring cells etc. GSM mobile carry signaling information using SACCH, while being connected
with BTS during call flow.
SACCH reports neighbour cell information such as signal level to the serving cell which helps make
handover decision.
GSM Radio Resource
FACCH (Fast Associated Control Channel)
Fast associated control channel - FACCH is a logical channel on a digital traffic channel that is typically used
to send urgent signaling control messages (such as a user authentication, handovers, and immediate
assignment).
The FACCH channel sends messages by steals (replacing) speech data with signaling data for short
periods of time. In GSM two special reserved bits are used to inform the receiving device if the data in the
current time slot is digitally coded subscriber traffic or alternatively a FACCH message. In IS-136 systems,
a FACCH message is distinguished from digitally coded subscriber traffic because two different types of
error protection coding are used for the two types of information.
This figure shows the basic GSM FACCH signaling process. This diagram shows that the FACCH data
replaces (discards) speech frames and replaces them with the FACCH control message data. Each FACCH
message is transmitted over 8 sequential channel bursts. The speech information that would normally be
transmitted during FACCH transmission is discarded.
GSM Radio Resource
PCH (Paging Channel) & AGCH (Access Grant Channel)
1 51
Downlink
BCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH
PCH
In GSM system,PCH refers to paging channel. Mobile in idle mode monitors PCH for paging continuously and check for
its address. It is mainly used by network to page or alert mobile for mobile terminated call from another calling mobile.
In the slotted mode, PCH is grouped into paging sub blocks. Here Mobile listens as per assigned paging sub blocks from
network and goes to sleep mode during rest of the time.
AGCH
AGCH is the channel from the network to the Mobile Subscriber (MS) in the downlink of GSM system. It carry information
by which mobile will determine whether the access to the network has been allowed or denied.
It provides very useful information about which TCH/SDCCH channels mobile need to use further during communication
with the network.
It uses normal burst for mapping the AGCH information as shown in the figure. In the 51 frame multi frame structure, first
two time slots (TS0) in consecutive TDMA frames are occupied for FCCH and SCH and this repeats every 10 frame. The
next four are reserved for BCCH and rest by CCCH (AGCH/PCH).
GSM Radio Resource
Channel Mapping
Parameter Setting
MO Class GTRXCHAN
Parameter chtype. The channel type can be queried by running the "DSP CHNSTAT" command.
Channel configuration defined by parameter chtype
CS Channel included
TCHFR = full rate traffic channel
TCHHR = half rate traffic channel
SDCCH8 = SDCCH/8
MBCCH = main BCCH
CBCCH = combined BCCH
BCH = extended BCCH
BCCH_CBCH = BCCH+CBCH
SDCCH_CBCH = SDCCH/7 with CBCH
PS Channel included
PBCCH_PDTCH= PBCCH+PDTCH
PCCCH_PDTCH= PCCCH+PDTCH
PDTCH = EGPRS packed data traffic channel
DPDCH = Dynamic PDCH
GSM Radio Resource
Channel Mapping
Parameter Setting
Parameter Enumeration
MO MML Command Meaning
ID Number/Bit
Type and function of the channel
Combined BCCH+7TCH
Main BCCH+SDCCH/8+6TCH
Main BCCH+2SDCCH/8+5TCH
Main BCCH+SDCCH/8+extended BCCH (BCH)+5TCH
Main BCCH+SDCCH/8+extended BCCH (BCH)+TCH+extended BCCH (BCH)+3TCH

TCHFR~0,
The BCCHs in a cell need to be configured according to the number of channels in the cell and the paging capacity in the location TCHHR~2,
area. SDCCH8~3,
MBCCH~4,
The main and combined BCCHs shall always be configured in timeslot 0. An extended BCCH can be configured only in CBCCH~5, BCH~6,
GTRXCHAN CHTYPE SET GTRXCHAN timeslot 2, 4, or 6. If an extended BCCH is configured, the CCCH parameter in the system message data needs to be configured BCCH_CBCH~7,
accordingly. For example, if an extended BCCH is configured in timeslot 2, the CCCH parameter in the system message data SDCCH_CBCH~8,
needs to be configured as two uncombined CCCHs. PBCCH_PDTCH~9,
PCCCH_PDTCH~10
To enable cell broadcast in a cell, add a CBCH to a cell that is about to support cell broadcasting during radio channel , PDTCH~11,
configuration. In the case of SDCCH/8+CBCH cell broadcast, set this parameter to SDCCH_CBCH. You can change a TCH into DPDCH~12
SDCCH+CBCH or the original SDCCH into SDCCH+CBCH. In the case of SDCCH/4 cell broadcast, set this parameter to
BCCH_CBCH. With the same effect, the SDCCH/8 and SDCCH/4 cell broadcast services serve different network planning
requirements.
The data configurations for half-rate networking differ from the data configurations for other networking.
In the case of half-rate networking, each TRX maintains high RSL traffic. Therefore, the LAPD signaling link multiplexing ratio at
the Abis interface is up to 2:1.
In the case of half-rate networking, each E1 supports up to 13 TRXs. If the LAPD signaling links are demultiplexed, each E1
supports fewer TRXs.
GSM Radio Resource
Channel Mapping
View on Parameter Dump GTRXChan has Chno from 0 to 7 each TRX.
TRX ID is unique in each BSC. Value is from 0 8191
Sample GTRXCHAN MO Mapping from TRXID to its CellID can be found from GTRX
NE NAME
MBSC_TTCBSD3
TRXID CHNO
1
CHTYPE
1 SDCCH_CBCH
GPRSCHPRI TSPRIORITY CHANRSV
0 NO
IDTYPE
BYID
CellID is also unique in BSC. Mapping is on GCELL table
MBSC_TTCBSD3
MBSC_TTCBSD3
1
1
2 SDCCH8
3 SDCCH8
0 NO
0 NO
BYID
BYID
1 TRX
MBSC_TTCBSD3
MBSC_TTCBSD3
1
1
4 SDCCH8
5 SDCCH8
0 NO
0 NO
BYID
BYID
Chtype 0 that not shown on GTRXChan Sample GTRX MO
MBSC_TTCBSD3
MBSC_TTCBSD3
1
1
6 SDCCH8
7 SDCCH8
0 NO
0 NO
BYID
BYID
is default BCCH channel NE NAME IDTYPE CELLID TRXID FREQ ISMAINBCCH
MBSC_TTCBSD3 2 0 TCHFR EGPRSNORCH 0 NO BYID
MBSC_TTCBSD3 2 1 TCHFR EGPRSNORCH 0 NO BYID 1 Cell MBSC_TTCBSD3 BYID 5 1 788 YES
MBSC_TTCBSD3 2 2 TCHFR EGPRSNORCH 0 NO BYID MBSC_TTCBSD3 BYID 5 2 780 NO
has 4 TRXs, MBSC_TTCBSD3 BYID 5 3 782 NO
MBSC_TTCBSD3
MBSC_TTCBSD3
2
2
3 TCHFR
4 TCHFR
EGPRSNORCH
EGPRSNORCH
0 NO
0 NO
BYID
BYID 1 TRX
MBSC_TTCBSD3 2 5 PDTCH EGPRSNORCH 0 NO BYID BCCH on TRXid 1 MBSC_TTCBSD3 BYID 5 4 786 NO
MBSC_TTCBSD3 2 6 PDTCH EGPRSNORCH 0 NO BYID MBSC_TTCBSD3 BYID 6 5 799 YES
MBSC_TTCBSD3 BYID 6 6 775 NO
MBSC_TTCBSD3 3 4 PDTCH EGPRSNORCH 0 NO BYID 1 TRX MBSC_TTCBSD3 BYID 7 9 803 YES
MBSC_TTCBSD3 3 5 PDTCH EGPRSNORCH 0 NO BYID MBSC_TTCBSD3 BYID 7 10 779 NO
MBSC_TTCBSD3 3 6 PDTCH EGPRSNORCH 0 NO BYID
MBSC_TTCBSD3
MBSC_TTCBSD3
4
4
3 TCHFR
4 TCHFR
EGPRSNORCH
EGPRSNORCH
0 NO
0 NO
BYID
BYID
1 TRX Sample GCELL MO
NE NAME CELLID CELLNAME TYPE
MBSC_TTCBSD3 4 7 TCHFR EGPRSNORCH 0 NO BYID MBSC_TTCBSD3 5 TNG215MM1_KALIANGKEMD1 DCS1800
MBSC_TTCBSD3 6 TNG215MM1_KALIANGKEMD2 DCS1800
MBSC_TTCBSD3 7 TNG215MM1_KALIANGKEMD3 DCS1800
EXERCISE - Parameter

Find out how many cells that only has 1 TRX configuration.
How many SDCCH channel mostly assigned to one cell?
Is there any cells with extended BCCH configuration?
GSM Radio Resource
Dynamic Channel Conversion
The Dynamic Channel Conversion feature enables the conversion
of a channel from one type to another based on the actual service PDCH TCHH
requirement in the network. Such a conversion is temporary and
triggered by a combination of certain network conditions. The
converted channel reverts to the original type when the
triggering conditions disappear. TCHF
Dynamic Channel Conversion includes the following types of

conversions: SDCCH
Between the traffic channel (TCH) and the standalone
dedicated control channel (SDCCH)
Between the full-rate TCH (TCHF) and the half-rate TCH
(TCHH)
Make the channel usage more efficient
Between the TCH and the packet data channel (PDCH)
From the dynamic PDCH to the SDCCH
Dynamic CCCH conversion
SDCCH Dynamic Adjustment
When the request of SDCCH in a cell suddenly
increases, TCH can convert into SDCCH so as to
ensure that most of the users can access the
network
If SDCCH allows dynamic allocation and satisfy the

following conditions:
Number of SDCCH <= idle SD Thrsh
Number of existing SDCCH in the cell < Cell SD
Maximum;
Number of idle TCH is greater than 4 or greater than
the number of configuration carriers
SDCCH Dynamic Adjustment
Related Parameter & MML Command
SN Managed Object (MO) Parameter Name Parameter ID

SDCCH Dynamic Allocation Allowed SDDYN
1 GCELLBASICPARA
Dynamic PDCH Conversion to SDCCH Allowed PDCH2SDEN
Idle SDCCH Threshold N1 IDLESDTHRES
Cell SDCCH Channel Maximum CELLMAXSD
2 GCELLCHMGBASIC TCH Minimum Recovery Time MINRESTIMETCH
Num of TSs Convertible to SDCCHs per TRX SDCCHDYNADJTSNUM
Number of TSs Convertible to SDCCHs on BCCH TRX MainBcchSdcchNum
Maximum Rate Threshold of PDCHs in a Cell MAXPDCHRATE
3 GCELLPSCHM
Reservation Threshold of Dynamic Channel Conversion DYNCHTRANRESLEV
Sample MML Command for activation SDCCH Dynamic adjustment :

SET GCELLBASICPARA: IDTYPE=BYID, CELLID=1, SDDYN=YES, PDCH2SDEN=YES;
SET GCELLCHMGBASIC: IDTYPE=BYID, CELLID=1, IDLESDTHRES=17, CELLMAXSD=100, MINRESTIMETCH=60, SDCCHDYNADJTSNUM=8, MainBcchSdcchNum=8;
SET GCELLPSCHM: IDTYPE=BYID, CELLID=1, MAXPDCHRATE=100, DYNCHTRANRESLEV=0, POWTUNIT=W;
To relieve SDCCH congestion : configure certain static SDCCHs in the cells and enabled with this feature
You are advised to set DIFFBANDSDCCHDYNADJ to YES if:
The cell is a co-BCCH cell.
Some TRXs for a cell whose BCCH TRX is configured on the P-GSM frequency band work on the E-GSM or R-GSM frequency band.
Only a few TRXs work on the frequency bands compatible with the BCCH frequency band.
Dynamic Adjustment Between Full Rate & Half Rate
The dynamic TCH HR/FR consists of the following
aspects:
Dynamic TCH HR/FR conversion during channel
allocation
During channel allocation, the BSC adjusts the TCHs
allocated to MSs in real time based on the cell load and
requested TCH type.
Dynamic TCH HR/FR conversion during a call
During a call, the BSC dynamically adjusts TCHs based on
the cell load and receive quality of MSs.
Parameter related to Dynamic TCH HR/FR conversion during channel allocation (Call Setup)
Managed Object (MO) Parameter Name Parameter ID
GTRXDEV TCH Rate Adjust Allow TCHAJFLAG
TCH Traffic Busy Threshold TCHBUSYTHRES
Load of UL-OL Cells Rate Select Allowed HRIUOLDRATESELALLOW
Tch Traffic Busy Overlay Threshold TCHTRICBUSYOVERLAYTHR
Tch Traffic Busy Underlay Threshold TCHTRIBUSYUNDERLAYTHR
AMR TCH/H Prior Cell Load Threshold AMRTCHHPRIORLOAD
GCELLCHMGAD
AMR Load Calculation Optimization AMRLOADOPTEN
Threshold for OL Load with AMR HR Preferred INNAMRTCHHPRIORLOAD
Threshold for UL Load with AMR HR Preferred OUTAMRTCHHPRIORLOAD
TCHH Allocation Considering Signal Level JudgeRxLevWhenAssignHr
Level Threshold for TCHH Allocation MinRxLevWhenAssignHr
Sample MML Command for activation Dynamic adjustment between TCHHs and TCHFs :
SET GTRXDEV: TRXID=0, TCHAJFLAG=YES;
SET GCELLCHMGAD: IDTYPE=BYID, CELLID=0, TCHBUSYTHRES=60, JudgeRxLevWhenAssignHr=ON, MinRxLevWhenAssignHr=15;
Parameter related to Dynamic TCH HR/FR conversion during a call (after Call Setup)
MO Parameter Name Parameter ID Note
Intracell HO Allowed INTRACELLHOEN
Current HO Control Algorithm HOCTRLSWITCH
GCELLHOBASIC
AMR F-H Ho Allowed AMRFULLTOHALFHOALLOW
Non-AMR F-H Ho Allowed NOAMRFULLTOHALFHOALLOW
GCELLCCACCESS Speech Version VOICEVER Configure this MO to convert FR calls to HR calls.
GCELLHOBASIC AMR F-H Ho Qual. Threshold AMRFULLTOHALFHOQUALTHRESH
Non-AMR F-H Ho Pathloss Threshold NOAMRFULLTOHALFHOPATHTHRESH Configure this MO to convert FR calls to HR calls.
Non-AMR F-H Ho ATCB Threshold NOAMRFULLTOHALFHOATCBTHRESH
GCELLCCACCESS Speech Version VOICEVER Configure this MO to convert HR calls to FR calls.
GCELLCHMGAD AMR TCH/H Prior Allowed AMRTCHHPRIORALLOW
AMR TCH/H Prior Cell Load Threshold AMRTCHHPRIORLOAD Configure this MO to convert HR calls to FR calls.
TCH Traffic Busy Threshold TCHBUSYTHRES
GCELLHOBASIC AMR H-F Traffic Threshold AMRHALFTOFULLHOTHRESH
AMR H-F Ho Pathloss Threshold AMRHALFTOFULLHOPATHTHRESH Configure this MO to convert HR calls to FR calls.
Non-AMR H-F Ho ATCB Threshold NOAMRHALFTOFULLHOATCBTHRESH
SET GCELLHOBASIC: IDTYPE=BYID, CELLID=0, HOCTRLSWITCH=HOALGORITHM2, AMRFULLTOHALFHOALLOW=YES, NOAMRFULLTOHALFHOALLOW=YES;
Dynamic allocation between TCH & PDCH
Dynamic PDCH and PDTCH

When dynamic PDCH is not used for packet service, it equal to TCH.
If the PDCHs to be allocated to an MS are insufficient, the BSC triggers dynamic PDCH conversion. The
number of converted dynamic PDCHs is equal to the number of PDCHs required by the MS minus the
number of PDCHs already allocated to the MS
After the dynamic PDCH conversion, the total number of PDCHs cannot exceed value N, which can be
calculated using the following formula:
N = (Number of available TCHFs + Number of available static PDCHs) x MAXPDCHRATEEGPRS

Range Value
This parameter indicates the maximum proportion of PDCHs

in a cell. The total number of available TCHs and PDCHs in a
Maximum Rate Threshold of SET cell is set to a fixed value. The proportion of PDCHs is
GCELLPSCHM MAXPDCHRATE 0~100
PDCHs in a Cell GCELLPSCHM calculated as follows:
Number of available PDCHs/(Number of available TCHFs +
Number of available static PDCHs).
Dynamic multiple CCCH
During holidays or due to special event, paging success rate kpi may be decreased significantly due to
CCCH capacity limitation
Dynamic Multiple CCCH feature can be used to resolve this problem. When the CCCH load is high, the
TCHs on timeslots 2, 4, and 6 on the BCCH TRX are dynamically converted to CCCHs to extend the Um
interface capability. When the CCCH load is low, the CCCHs on timeslots 2, 4, 6 are dynamically
converted to TCHs to increase the channel usage
CCCHs include access grant channels (AGCHs), paging channels (PCHs), and random access channels
(RACHs). In the case of traffic burst, the Dynamic Multiple CCCH feature increases the paging success
rate, resolves the sharp increase in paging messages
Before enabling the Dynamic Multiple CCCH feature, check whether all SDCCHs in the cell are
configured in timeslots 2, 4, and 6 of the BCCH TRX. If yes, do not enable this feature. If no, obtain the
paging success rate in the cell. If the paging success rate is low, enable this feature.
Dynamic multiple CCCH
Parameter related to Dynamic multiple CCCH
Managed Object (MO) Parameter Name Parameter ID

Dynamic Multiple CCCHs DynCCCHSwitch
Dynamic CCCH Addition Threshold DynCCCHLoadIncrThr
Dynamic CCCH Removal Threshold DynCCCHLoadRedcThr
GCELLCCCH
Dynamic CCCH Load Stat. Duration DynCCCHLoadDuration
Maximum Number of Dynamic CCCHs MaxDynCCCHNum
Interval for Dynamically Removing CCCHs DynCCCHReduceInterval
BSCEXSOFTPARA Dynamic Channel Adjustment Policy ChannelDynAdjustOpt
SET GCELLCCCH: IDTYPE=BYID, CELLID=2, DynCCCHSwitch=ON, MaxDynCCCHNum=2, DynCCCHLoadIncrThr=90, DynCCCHLoadRedcThr=65,
DynCCCHLoadDuration=10, DynCCCHReduceInterval=30;
SET BSCEXSOFTPARA: ChannelDynAdjustOpt=ON;
VAMOS
(Voice services over Adaptive Multi-user on One Slot)
Number of Calls Call Multiplexing Bandwidth Occupied by Each
Channel Type
VAMOS feature is doubling network Carried Mode Call (kbit/s)
capacity compared to common TCHHs
This feature can be used to eliminate TCHF 1 16
congestion
TCHH 2 8
VAMOS feature allocate new TSCs to

VFR 2 16
reported VAMOS I&II MS.
TCHH (carrying one call): 8
TCHH+VHR 3
VHR (carrying two calls): 8 each
VHR 4 8
Primary Secondary
TSC TSC
0 2
1 7
2 0
3 4
4 3
5 6
6 5
7 1
VAMOS
Parameter
MML Command Parameter ID Parameter Name Scenario 1 Scenario 2
SET GCELLVAMOS VamosSwitch VAMOS Switch VHR VFR
SET GCELLVAMOS MuteSaicIdeSwitch Auto Mute SAIC Identification Switch OFF OFF
SET GCELLVAMOS MuteSaicSwitch Mute SAIC Terminal Processing Switch ON ON
SET GCELLVAMOS SaicProMsIdeSwitch Problem SAIC Terminal Identify Switch OFF OFF
SET GCELLVAMOS SaicProMsSwitch Problem SAIC Terminal Processing Switch ON ON
SET GCELLVAMOS SaicWhtMsIdentSw SAIC White MS Identification Switch ON ON
SET GCELLVAMOS VamosAssSwitch Allow Channel Multiplex in Assignment ON ON
SET GCELLVAMOS VamosIntraHoSwitch Allow Channel Multiplex via In-Cell HO ON ON
SET GCELLVAMOS MultAllowBeforeConn Allow HO Multiplex Before CONNECT ACK OFF OFF
SET GCELLVAMOS OptVAMOSChnMulAlg Opt VAMOS Channel Multiplexing Alg Allowed YES YES
SET GCELLVAMOS UnkownSaicMultSwitch Allow Multiplex for Unknown SAIC MS ON ON
SET GCELLVAMOS VamosMainTsc Primary TSC in VAMOS Note 1 Note 1
SET GCELLVAMOS VamosSubTsc Secondary TSC in VAMOS Note 1 Note 1
SET GCELLVAMOS VamosMultLoadThd Channel Multiplex Load Thres. Note 2 N/A
SET GCELLVAMOS VamosIuoInnerLoadThd Load Thres. in Overlaid Subcell Note 2 N/A
SET GCELLVAMOS VamosLoadReuseSwitch Channel Demultiplex on Low Cell Load ON ON
SET GCELLVAMOS VamosLoadReuseLoadThd Load Thres. of Channel Demultiplex Note 3 N/A
SET GCELLVAMOS VamosQualReuseSwitch Channel Demultiplex on Bad Qual. ON ON
SET GCELLVAMOS VamosBQDemuxPenSw Enable BQ VAMOS Channel Demultiplex Penalty ON ON
SET GCELLVAMOS VFRLoadThd Load Threshold for VAMOS FR Multiplexing N/A Note 4
SET GCELLVAMOS VFRIuoInnerLoadThd OL Load Threshold for VAMOS FR Multiplexing N/A Note 5
SET GCELLVAMOS VFRLoadReuseThd Load Thld for Low Load VAMOS FR Demultiplexing N/A Note 6
SET GCELLVAMOS VamosTSCAutoMapSw VAMOS TSC Automatic Mapping Switch Note 7 Note 7
SET GCELLVAMOSPWR AlphaQpskAdjScope Alpha Adjust Range in Alpha-QPSK PC 4 4
SET GCELLVAMOSPWR AlphaQpskCtrlSwitch Allow Alpha-QPSK Power Control ON ON
SET GCELLVAMOSPWR SicPwrCtrlSwitch Allow SIC Power Control ON ON
SET GCELLHOAD SDCCHWaitMREn Waiting for MR on SDCCH Switch ON ON
SET GCELLHOAD SDCCHWaitMRTimeLen Duration for Waiting MR on SDCCH 15 15
Sample MML Command for activation VAMOS :

SET GCELLVAMOS: IDTYPE=BYID, CELLID=0, VamosSwitch=VHR, VamosAssSwitch=ON, VamosMultLoadThd=90, VamosIntraHoSwitch=ON,
VamosLoadReuseSwitch=ON, VamosLoadReuseLoadThd=70, VamosQualReuseSwitch=ON, MuteSaicSwitch=ON, MuteSaicIdeSwitch=OFF,
SaicProMsSwitch=ON, SaicProMsIdeSwitch=OFF, UnkownSaicMultSwitch=ON, MultAllowBeforeConn=OFF, SaicWhtMsIdentSw=OFF,
VamosTSCAutoMapSw=ON;
SET GCELLVAMOSPWR: IDTYPE=BYID, CELLID=0, AlphaQpskCtrlSwitch=ON, AlphaQpskAdjScope=4, SicPwrCtrlSwitch=ON;
SET GCELLHOAD: IDTYPE=BYID, CELLID=0, SDCCHWaitMREn=ON, SDCCHWaitMRTimeLen=15;
EXERCISE - Parameter

What is mostly implemented setting for dynamic TCH Full Rate to Half Rate threshold?
Find out how many cells that have VAMOS feature?
Is there any cell without Dynamic SDCCH allocation feature activated ?
Find out how many cells that have dynamic multiple CCCH feature activated ?
Packet Data Related Paramaters
Module Objectives
Give an overview of system principles

Explain parameters required for enabling GPRS/EGPRS
Explain the parameter for EGPRS resource allocation and the setting of CS and PS territory
parameters
Describe parameters for TSL utilization and TBF release delay
Summarize parameters controlling link adaptation in GPRS and EGPRS
Describe the parameters used for multiplexing
Explain how power control is done in EGPRS and the parameters controlling it
System Principles
Network elements and interfaces Protocols

Air interface and logical channels
GPRS & EDGE
GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) is end-to-end Packet Switch

technology provided on the basis of GSM technology
EDGE (Enhance Data Rate for GSM Evolution) support up to 473.6
kbps
Adjustment to GSM network, PCU added in BSC
GPRS Network Architecture
(E)GPRS Network Elements and Primary Functions
SGSN GGSN Domain Name Server
Mobility Management GTP tunnelling to Translates IP host names to IP
other GSNs addresses
MS Authentication
Secure interfaces Makes IP network configuration
Ciphering easier
to external
Interaction with VLR/HLR networks In GPRS backbone SGSN uses DNS to
Charging and statistics Charging & get GGSN and SGSN IP addresses
GTP tunnelling to other statistics Two DNS servers in the backbone to
provide redundancy
GSNs IP address
management
Border Gateway Charging Gateway Legal Interception Gateway

Interconnects different CDR consolidation Enables authorities to intercept
GPRS operators' subscriber data and signaling
backbones Forwarding CDR Chasing criminal activity
information to Operator personnel has very limited
Enables GPRS roaming
billing center access to LI functionality
Standard Nokia IP router
family LI is required when launching the
GPRS service
(E)GPRS Logical Channels
Bursts on the Air Interface Mapping RLC blocks
RLC Blocks A Radio Block is a 4-normal-burst

sequence that carries a RLC/MAC
PDU (Packet Data Unit)
RLC/MAC Blocks
Note: Amount of RLC
1 TDMA frame = 4.615 ms blocks per radio block
= BURST PERIOD TDMA Bursts
depends on used
(modulation) coding
0 70 70 70 7
scheme (M)CS
4 x TDMA Frames = 4 Bursts = 1 Radio block = 1-2 RLC block(s)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
P I P I
B0(0..3) B1(4..7) B2 (8..11) T B3(13..16) B4(17..20) B5(21..24) D B6(26..29) B7(30..33) B8(34..37) T B9(39..42) B10(43..46) B11(47..50) D
C L C L
C E C E
H H
52 TDMA Frames (240 ms)

12 x RLC/MAC Blocks = 1 x 52 PDCH MultiFrame = 240 ms
12 radio Blocks / 0.240 s = 50 RLC/MAC Blocks / s 50 RLC Blocks per seconds
PTCCH is used to control
Timing Advance (TA) of a MS
(E)GPRS Mobile States
SGSN parameters
GPRS
The relation of Mobile states: Attach/ Detach
MSRT, DET
READY Ready
Idle Timer Expiry
RDY
STANDBY Packet
Standby TX/RX
Timer Expiry MS location known to
MS location STBY cell level.
not known. MS is transmitting or has
Subscriber is not just been transmitting.
reachable by the MS location known to MS is capable of receiving
GPRS NW. SGSN level. Point-to-Point data and
MS is capable of receiving Point-to-Multipoint data.
Point-to-Multipoint data
and being paged for
Point-to-Point data
Ready State Timer (RDY) Default: 44 seconds

STANDBY state timer (STBY) Default: 44 seconds
Periodic update timer (PER) = default 54 minutes
Force to Standby (FTS) Default: N
Detach timer (DET) Default: 00 hours 00 minutes
MS Reachable Timer (MSRT) Default: 120 minutes
Routing Area
Routing Areas are used for GPRS Mobility Location
Management Area (LA) MSC/VLR
A RA is a subset of one, and only one, Location
Area
A RA is served by only one SGSN
For simplicity, the LA and RA can be the same Gs Interface
Routing area identification Routing

SGSN
(RAI) = MCC+MNC+LAC+RAC Area
Routing Areas are created in the BSS Radio (RA)
Network Configuration Database (BSDATA)
SGSN parameters related to RA:

Periodic RA Update Timer (PRAU) Default:
54 minutes
RA Paging Area (RPA) Default: 2
RA Paging Repetition (RPR) Default: 3.5
seconds
Attach Procedure
GPRS Attach procedure is used for the following two purposes:
a normal GPRS Attach - attach the IMSI for GPRS services only
a combined GPRS Attach - attach the IMSI for GPRS and non-GPRS services
(needs Gs interface)
Attach procedure description
MS initiates by sending Attach Request
If network accepts, it sends Attach Accept
If network does not accept it sends Attach Rejected
MS can respond for Attach Accept message with Attach Complete (if P-TMSI
changes)
Session Management - Establishing a PDP Context
PDP Context (Packet Data Protocol):
Network level information which is used to bind a mobile station
(MS) to various PDP addresses and to unbind the mobile station
from these addresses after use
PDP Context Activation
Gets an IP address from the network
Initiated by the MS
Contains QoS and routing information enabling data transfer
between MS and GGSN
PDP Context Activation and Deactivation should occur within 2
seconds
Temporary Block Flow
Temporary Block Flow (TBF):
Physical connection where multiple mobile stations can share one or more traffic
channels each MS has own TFI (Temporary Flow Indicator)
The traffic channel is dedicated to one mobile station at a time (one mobile station
is transmitting or receiving at a time)
Is a one-way session for packet data transfer between MS and BSC (PCU)
Uses either uplink or downlink but not both (except for associated signaling)
Can use one or more TSLs
Comparison with circuit-switched:

normally one connection uses both the uplink and the downlink timeslot(s) for traffic
In two-way data transfer:

uplink and downlink data are sent in separate TBFs - as below
Uplink TBF (+ PACCH for downlink TBF)
Downlink TBF (+ PACCH for uplink TBF)

BSC
PACCH (Packet Associated Control Channel): Similar to GSM CS SACCH
(E)GPRS Territory
Introduction
Based on channel type configuration, PDCH
classified into two types: Dynamic PDCH
Static PDCH
Carry only PS Services. TCHFR TCHFR TCHFR TCHFR TCHFR TCHFR PDTCH PDTCH
When ChType parameter is set to PDTCH, PBCCH_PDTCH,
or PCCCH_PDTCH Static PDCH
To ensure initial access for PS services, you are advised to
configure at least one static PDCH in PS Capable cell
Dynamic PDCH
Can carry CS or PS services, depend on service
requirement
When ChType is set to TCHFR or DPDCH (Dynamic PDCH)
Parameter Parameter Recommended

MO MML Command GUI Value Range
ID Name Value
TCHFR, TCHHR, SDCCH8, MBCCH,

GTRXCHA CBCCH, BCH, BCCH_CBCH, TCHFR
CHTYPE Channel Type SET GTRXCHAN
N SDCCH_CBCH, PBCCH_PDTCH, (TCH Full Rate)
PCCCH_PDTCH, PDTCH, DPDCH
(E)GPRS Territory
GPRS and EDGE Channel
PDCH channel based on GPRS and EGPRS support can be classified as below
EGPRS dedicated channel : only for EDGE
EGPRS preference : prefer EDGE
EGPRS common channel : can be EDGE and GPRS
GPRS dedicated : GPRS only
This type based on parameter setting.

Recommended
MO Parameter ID Parameter Name GUI Value Range
Value
GPRS(GPRS Channel),
EGPRSNORCH(EGPRS Normal Channel),
NONGPRS
GTRXCHAN GPRSCHPRI PDCH Channel Priority Type EGPRSPRICH(EGPRS Priority Channel),
(Non-GPRS Channel)
EGPRSSPECH(EGPRS Special Channel),
NONGPRS(Non-GPRS Channel)
GCELLPSCHM AutoGprsChPri GPRS Channel Priority Type Auto-Planning OFF(Off), ON(On) OFF(Off)
GCELLPSCHM EgprsNorChnum Number of EGPRS Normal Channels 0~255 None
GCELLPSCHM EgprsSpeChnum Number of EGPRS Special Channels 0~255 None
GCELLPSCHM EgprsNorChnumInn Number of EGPRS Normal Channels (OL Subcell) 0~255 None
GCELLPSCHM EgprsPriChnumInn Number of EGPRS Priority Channels (OL Subcell) 0~255 None
GCELLPSCHM EgprsSpeChnumInn Number of EGPRS Special Channels (OL Subcell) 0~255 None
(E)GPRS Territory
Dynamic PDCH Conversion
If the PDCHs to be allocated to an MS are insufficient, the BSC triggers dynamic PDCH conversion.
The number of converted dynamic PDCHs is equal to the number of PDCHs required by the MS
minus the number of PDCHs already allocated to the MS
After the dynamic PDCH conversion, the total number of PDCHs cannot exceed value N, which can
be calculated using the following formula:
N = (Number of available TCHFs + Number of available static PDCHs) x MAXPDCHRATEEGPRS

Range Value
This parameter indicates the maximum proportion of PDCHs

in a cell. The total number of available TCHs and PDCHs in a
Maximum Rate Threshold of SET cell is set to a fixed value. The proportion of PDCHs is
GCELLPSCHM MAXPDCHRATE 0~100
PDCHs in a Cell GCELLPSCHM calculated as follows:
Number of available PDCHs/(Number of available TCHFs +
Number of available static PDCHs).
Dynamic PDCH Conversion
TRX Selection
Priority Factor Description
1 Whether the power amplifier of the TRX is powered on A TRX whose power amplifier is powered on is preferred.
2 Concentric cell attribute of the TRX A TRX whose concentric cell attribute is consistent with the required attribute is preferred.
3 Expansion attribute of the TRX A TRX whose expansion attribute is consistent with the required attribute is preferred.
4 Whether the TRX supports EGPRS A TRX that supports EGPRS is preferred.
A TRX that has the required number of convertible dynamic PDCHs is preferred.
5 Number of convertible dynamic PDCHs on the TRX If the number of convertible dynamic PDCHs on any TRX does not meet the conversion requirement, the TRX with
more convertible dynamic PDCHs has a higher priority.
If the ConvertPDCHTrxPriSw parameter is set to OFF the BSC preferentially performs dynamic channel conversion
on the TRXs with PDCHs. If the ConvertPDCHTrxPriSw parameter is set to ON, the BSC preferentially performs
6 Number of PDCHs on the TRX dynamic channel conversion on the TRXs without PDCHs.
A TRX with more PDCHs has a higher priority.
7 Number of static PDCHs on the TRX A TRX with more static PDCHs has a higher priority.
8 Maximum number of consecutive convertible dynamic PDCHs on the TRX A TRX with more consecutive convertible dynamic PDCHs has a higher priority.
9 FP attribute of the TRX A TRX that is not involved in FH is preferred.
10 Interference level of the TRX A TRX with less interference has a higher priority.
11 Whether the TRX is a BCCH TRX A BCCH TRX is preferred.
Exercise
Look at GTRXChan
How many static PDCH usually configured on a cell.
What is default setting for GPRSChPri in parameter dump?
Acknowledgement Request
Acknowledgement Request Functionality of EGPRS DL requests:

GPRS Uplink Penalty (default: 3) These parameters are used by the RLC
ACK algorithm to determine how
GPRS Uplink Threshold (default: 22) frequently the PCU polls the mobile
GPRS Downlink Penalty (default: 2) station having a TBF in EGPRS mode.
GPRS Downlink Threshold (default: 16) The PCU has a counter, which is
EGPRS Uplink Penalty (default: 1) incremented by one whenever an RLC
data block is transmitted for the first time
EGPRS Uplink Threshold (default: 25) The counter is incremented by (1 +
EGPRS Downlink Penalty (default: 1) EGPRS_DOWNLINK_PENALTY)
EGPRS Downlink Threshold (default: 25) whenever a negatively acknowledged
RLC data block is retransmitted.
The mobile station is polled when the
counter exceeds the threshold value of
EGPRS_DOWNLINK_THRESHOLD.
Acknowledgement Request - retransmission
Penalty Counter
Increment Total
RLC data block retransmission
3 3
3 6
3 9
New RLC data Block 1 10
1 11
Time
1 12
PCU
1 13
1 14
MS
1 15
1 16
1 17
1 18
RLC data block with poll
Packet Downlink ACK/NACK
GPRS Uplink Penalty = 3 Bitmap (64 Blocks)

GPRS Uplink Threshold = 18
Acknowledgement Request no response
Penalty Counter
Increment Total
USF
RLC data transmission 1 1
3 4
1 5
1 6
3 9 PCU
Time
MS
1 21
1 22
1 23
Packet Uplink ACK/NACK
Packet Control ACK/NACK

BS_CV_MAX
GUI
Parameter Parameter
MS BSS MO
ID Name
Meaning Value
Range
Time
This parameter is used to set the parameter

BS_CV_MAX for MS countdown. This parameter is
used for the MS to calculate the CV. This parameter
also determines the duration of the timer T3198. When
the MS sends one uplink RLC data block, the receiving
state of this data block is set to Pending and the timer
GCELLPSBASE BSCVMAX BS_CV_MAX T3198 is started. If the MS receives the packet uplink 0~15
acknowledge before the timer T3198 expires, the MS
updates the receiving state of each uplink RLC data
block according to the bit map in the message. If the
timer T3198 of the RLC data block in the Pending state
expires, the MS sets the receiving state of this data
BS_CV_Max
block to Nack and retransmits the data block.
The BS_CV_MAX functionality contains the following items:

Transmission and acknowledgement
Nack message MS is not expecting to receive NACK for the transmitted block until
transmitted (max(BS_CV_MAX,1) 1) in RLC/MAC block period (20ms).
So the NACK in the PACKET UPLINK ACK/NACK message will be
ignored, if the round trip time is less than (max(BS_CV_MAX,1) 1).
If the BS_CV_MAX is e.g. 9, than the RTT will be (9-1)*20ms ->160ms
BS_CV_MAX is also impacting T3200 (MS timer), N3104 (MS

timer) and Countdown procedure
Release of an Extended Uplink TBF
In the release of an extended uplink TBF, the BSC takes over
the release of the uplink TBF from the MS.
The transmission of an extended uplink TBF has two phases:

Active period: If an MS has data to transmit, the TBF enters the active
period.
Inactive period: If an MS has no data to transmit, the TBF enters the
inactive period.
After transmitting the uplink data, an MS retains the uplink TBF for a period of
time. During this period, the MS can directly transmit uplink data (if any) without
reestablishing the uplink TBF. Therefore, the overhead of uplink TBF
reestablishment is reduced and the transmission delay of uplink data is
shortened.
For example : ping delay can be shortened by 300 ms
MO Parameter ID Parameter Name Meaning GUI Value Range

Inactive period of extended uplink TBF. After the network side receives the last uplink RLC data
block (CountValue=0) of the MS supporting the extended uplink TBF, the uplink TBF is not
released immediately. Instead, the uplink TBF is set to the inactive state. In the inactive period, if
the MS needs to transmit the uplink RLC data block, the MS can use the inactive uplink TBF
Inactive Period of Extended without rebuilding a new uplink TBF. This inactive uplink TBF is switched to the active state
GCELLPRIVATEOPTPARA UPEXTTBFINACTDELAY 0~5000
Uplink TBF automatically. At the end of the inactive period, if the MS does not transmit the uplink RLC data
block, the network side sends the message Packet Uplink Ack/Nack to notify the MS of releasing
the uplink TBF. When the uplink TBF is inactive, the downlink TBF can be established according
to this uplink TBF. 0: disable the function of the extended uplink TBF (this function can be
disabled on the BSC side).
GPRS & EDGE Coding Rate
EGPRS Link Adaptation
Introduction
Link Adaptation Incremental Redundancy
The task of the LA algorithm is to The retransmission process is
select the optimal MCS for each based on Incremental Redundancy
radio condition to maximize LA must take into account if IR
RLC/MAC data rate, so the LA combining is performed at the
algorithm is used to adapt to receiver.
situations where signal strength and
/ or C/I level is pure and changing LA must take into account the effect
within time of finite IR memory.
Normally, LA adapts to path loss
and shadowing but not fast fading.
IR is better suited to compensate
fast fading
GPRS Link Adaptation Algorithm (CS1-2)
GPRS Coding Schemes
Coding Payload (bits) Data Rate
Scheme per RLC block (kbit/s)
CS1 181 9.05
Error
Data
Correction
CS2 268 13.4
CS3 312 15.6
CS4 428 21.4
More Data
=
Less Error
Correction
Coding Schemes in EGPRS
Scheme Code rate Header Modulation RLC blocks Raw Data Family BCS Tail HCS Data rate
Code rate per Radio within one payload kb/s
Block Radio Block
(20ms)
MCS-9 1.0 0.36 2 2x592 A 2x12 2x6 59.2
MCS-8 0.92 0.36 2 2x544 A 54.4
8PSK
MCS-7 0.76 0.36 2 2x448 B 44.8
MCS-6 0.49 1/3 1 592 A 29.6
544+48 8 27.2
MCS-5 0.37 1/3 1 448 B 22.4
12 6
MCS-4 1.0 0.53 1 352 C 17.6
MCS-3 0.80 0.53 1 296 A 14.8
GMSK 272+24 13.6
MCS-2 0.66 0.53 1 224 B 11.2
MCS-1 0.53 0.53 1 176 C 8.8
NOTE: the italic captions indicate the padding.
EGPRS MCS Families
The MCSs are divided into different families A, B
MCS-3
and C
Each family has a different basic unit of payload: Family A 37 octets 37 octets 37 octets 37 octets
37 (and 34), 28 and 22 octets respectively. MCS-6

MCS-9
Different code rates within a family are achieved
by transmitting a different number of payload units MCS-3
within one Radio Block. 34+3 octets 34+3 octets
For families A and B, 1 or 2 or 4 payload units are Family A

padding MCS-6
transmitted, for family C, only 1 or 2 payload units 34 octets 34 octets 34 octets 34 octets
are transmitted
MCS-8
When 4 payload units are transmitted (MCS 7,
MSC-8 and MCS-9), these are splitted into two MCS-2
separate RLC blocks (with separate sequence BSN 28 octets 28 octets 28 octets 28 octets
Family B
numbers and BCS, Block Check Sequences)
MCS-5
The blocks are interleaved over two bursts only, MCS-7
for MCS-8 and MCS-9.
MCS-1
For MCS-7 the blocks are interleaved over four
22 octets 22 octets
bursts Family C
MCS-4
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2G Database Parameters V2.1

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2G DATABASE PARAMETERS

Database Parameter Description

Comprise of 2 parameter classes:

Huawei GSM Radio Parameter divided of 523 Manage Objects and

List the functions of the MS during the idle mode

When there is no dedicated connection

Why to camp on a specific cell?

NAS control CM requests

MCC (Mobile Country Code) 0 999

CGI (Cell Global Identity) MCC + MNC + LAC + CI

In automatic mode, the MS selects a PLMN that is

2 no BA list stored BA list stored

Normal no suitable cell found Stored list

Choose cell suitable cell found trigger

go here when no SIM in MS SIM inserted in MS

Choose cell suitable cell found Camped trigger Any

2 (adopted from TS 43.022 V5.1.0 chap. 6)

Try to synchronize to the carrier and read

RLA_C = avg received RxLev on BCCH

Look at parameter dump.

C1 + CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET (TEMPORARY OFFSET * H(PENALTY_TIME - T))

serving cell: C1 this CRO, PT and TO

5 seconds 5 seconds time

Cell "A" Cell "B" Cell "C" Cell "D"

Time T: (0 - 19 s) Time T: (20 - 39 s) Time T: (> 40 s)

GUI Value Recommende

Look at parameter dump.

DSC := DSCinit BTS

Number of multiframes in a cycle on a paging sub-channel. In fact, this

MS BSS MSC VLR HLR

LOCATION UPDATE REQUEST

REQUEST SUBSCRIBER INFO

SEND SUBSCRIBER INFO

ALL OK - HLR UPDATE

function of user density,

optimum number # of cells in Loc. area

Attach-detach Allowed (ATT). If this parameter is set to YES, when an MS is

Explain the motivation for handover

HANDO ACC New Channel, New Cell

Source and target cells controlled by different BTS

Old Channel, Old Cell

Timer T3103 expiry or

HANDOVER FAIL Old Channel, Old Cell

Parameter MML Actual Value

Intelligent Underlay Overlay

GSM 900 cell

Coverage Layer: Gives access to the network

Below is Huawei handover procedure

Huawei has two handover decision algorithm :

Huawei handover Algorithm I : HO Decision in handover algorithm I, 5 types HO decision defined

Handover decision based on handover algorithm I

BQ : Bad Quality Handover

Whether the BTSs send the original

Basic ranking is performed after handover penalty

Reserve bit Layer HO Load HO hysteresis

During the handover execution, when a candidate cell is fully loaded:

Parameter : Trigger Point When the set

Do the process in BTS side

PBGT handover is a type of normal handover..

For PbgtLast within PbgtStat condition met

In case of overshooting cell,

TA handover is a type of emergency handover.

Actual Value Recommended

If the target cell is a neighboring cell: