Vocab:

Proclamation of 1763 - October 7, 1763 forbade all settlement past a line drawn along the
Appalachian Mountains.
King George III - King of Great Britain and Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the
two countries on 1 January 1801
Sugar Act - a revenue-raising act passed by the British Parliament of Great Britain in April of
1764
Stamp Act - 9 Colonies met in response to the Stamp Act. taxation without representation and
Boston Massacre. Prepared the Declarations of Rights and Grievances.
Townshend Acts - a series of acts passed beginning in 1767 by the Parliament of Great
Britain relating to the British colonies in North America
Boston Massacre - a riot in Boston in which British troops quartered in the city, in which the
troops fired on the mob and killed several persons
Boston Tea Party - political protest by the Sons of Liberty in Boston
First Continental Congress - in response to the intolerable acts passed in London to punish
the colonists. Sent Declaration of Rights to King George III and boycotted trade with England.
Battle of Lexington - The first battle of the Revolutionary War, fought in Massachusetts on April
19, 1775.
Battle of Concord - Seized the colonists' military supplies and arrest revolutionaries.
Second Continental Congress - Philadelphia, May 10th, 1775. Served as first national
government by default for 5 years. Issued the Declaration of Independence July 1776. Existed
until March 1, 1781 when the Articles of Confederations took control.
John Locke - A seventeenth-century English philosopher argued against the belief that human
beings are born with certain ideas already in their minds
Thomas Jefferson - author of the Declaration of Independence and served as president from
1801 to 1809
Declaration of Independence - That these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free
and independent states. Congress named a committee of 5 to prepare the declaration of
independence:Ben Franklin, John Adams, Roger Sherman, Robert Livingston, and Thomas
Jefferson. July 4th1776 Congress accepted the Declaration
Loyalists(Tories) - American colonists who remained loyal to the British Crown during the
American Revolutionary War
Patriots - Colonists of the Thirteen Colonies who rebelled against British control during the
American Revolution
Strengths of Articles of Confederation - Established a Firm League of Friendship. Unicameral
House: One vote per state, no executive office or judiciary. Powers of Congress: War and Peace,
Treaties, Settle Disputes Among States. State Obligation to obey articles
Weaknesses of Articles of Confederation - No power to tax. No power to regulate trade between
states. Lacked power to enforce the articles
George Washington - The first president of the United States, and the commanding general of
the victorious American army in the Revolutionary War.
Valley Forge - Where the American Continental Army spent the winter of 17771778 during
the American Revolutionary War.
Women in the War - Many women work on the farms, while men are away fighting.
Treaty of Paris - Ended the revolutionary war and recognized American independence.
Bill of Rights - The First Congress of the United States proposed 12 amendments to the
Constitution
Constitution - The fundamental law of the United States. It established a strong central
government in place of the Articles of Confederation.
Benjamin Franklin - Helped draw up the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution; he
played a major role in the American Revolution and negotiated French support for the colonists
New Jersey Plan - Unicameral House. Federal Executives of more than one person. How would
the representation be determined? - Virginia Plan: Population or Financial Contributions and
New Jersey Plan: Equal representation for each state regardless of population
Virginia Plan - Madisons plan. Three separate branches: Legislature would be bicameral.
Representation would be based on population or on the amount of money contributed by a given
state to support the central government.
Connecticut Compromise - Two Houses of Congress, Senate-equal representation, House-based
on population.
Compromise - Slaves would be counted as 3/5 of all
other persons
Dred Scott - 1857 Supreme Court Decision that denied blacks, even in free states, citizenship.
This meant that Blacks could not vote! Decision points to racial prejudice in the whole of the
United States not just the South.
Kansas/Nebraska Act - Got rid of Missouri Compromise. States could choose Slavery when they
came into the US from territories
Bleeding Kansas - Bloody conflict between Pros and Antis as before Kansas becomes state.
Creates lots of antagonism between North and South.
Blockade - Union warships block the imports and exports of the South. Causes a 90% drop in
exports, which leads to rising prices on goods.
Ulysses S. Grant - The general who commanded the US Army during the Civil War and later
became the 18th President of the US.
Robert E. Lee - The commander of Confederate troops during the Civil War.
Picketts Charge - An infantry assault ordered by Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee the last day of
the Battle of Gettysburg in the state of Pennsylvania during the American Civil War.
Reconstruction - The period after the Civil War in which the states formerly part of the
Confederacy were brought back into the United States, the South was divided into military
districts for the supervision of elections to set up new state governments.
13th Amendment - Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime
whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any
place subject to their jurisdiction.
Radical Republicans - Group of Republican opposition to Lincolns plan for Reconstruction.
Freedmans Bureau - Congressional attempt to help the needy of the South. 1865
Scalawag - Southern name given to native-born Southerners who cooperated with Northern
efforts to reconstruct the South.
Carpetbagger - Southern nickname for northerners who came to the South to aid in
Reconstruction.
Sharecropping - Farm worker who furnished nothing but labor in exchange for a house and a
plot of land.
Tenant Farm - A planter would rent a portion of the plantation to a tenant farmer.
Black Codes - Southern laws to regulate the conduct of former slaves.
Jim Crow Laws - Created the conditions needed to segregate American society, specially in the
South. Separated white and black southerners in towns, etc.
Poll Tax - tax to be paid by every voter to be allowed to vote.
Literacy Test - Examination to determine if the voter could read or write.
Plessy vs Ferguson - 1896 Plessy is jailed for sitting on a white rail car; Supreme Court rules
that separate facilities dont violate 14th amendment as long as they are Separate but equal.
Segregation - Separation of white and black southerners.
Ku Klux Klan - Secret organization founded to frighten black southerners and white
sympathizers into staying out of politics.
Homestead Act - Encouraged Western migration by providing settlers 160 acres of public land.
Pacific Railroad Act - a series of acts of Congress that promoted the construction of a
"transcontinental railroad"

Questions:
1. What does Article 1 of the Constitution deal with? - Article 1 of the U.S. Constitution
gives Congress its powers and limits.

A. What are the requirements to be in the House of Representatives or Senate? - Each

representative must: (1) be at least twenty-five years old; (2) have been a citizen of the
United States for the past seven years; and (3) be (at the time of the election) an
inhabitant of the state they represent.

B. How is it decided how many Representative and Senators a state can have? - The
number of seats depends on the population of each state which in turn determines the
number of districts
 C. What powers are guaranteed to the House and Senate? - The House of Representatives
shall choose their Speaker and other Officers; and shall have the sole Power of
Impeachment.

2. What does Article 2 of the Constitution deal with? - It deals with the executive branch of the
government. The Executive branch of the government is the branch that has the responsibility
and authority for the administration throughout the day of the state.

A. What are the requirements to be President - one must be 35 years of age, a

resident "within the United States" for 14 years, and a "natural born Citizen," a
term not defined in the Constitution

B. What are the duties of a President? - The President shall be Commander in Chief
of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States

C. What powers are guaranteed to the President? - The power to sign or veto
legislation, command the armed forces, ask for the written opinion of his Cabinet,
convene or adjourn Congress, grant reprieves and pardons, and receive
ambassadors.

3. Why is Article 3 of the Constitution important? - It establishes the judicial branch of the
federal government.

4. What do each of the first 8 Amendments to the Constitution guarantee? -

Amendment 1 - Freedom of religion, speech, and the press.

Amendment 2 - The right to bear arms.
Amendment 3 - Guards against Forced quartering of troops.
Amendment 4 - Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures
Amendment 5 - Trial by jury.
Amendment 6 - Outlines the rights of the accused
Amendment 7 - Rules of common law
Amendment 8 - Protects against cruel and unusual punishment.

1. What were Abraham Lincolns views on slavery before the Civil War? - He claimed he
would not abolish slavery but just prevent it from spreading.
 2. What issues caused the Civil War? - The Civil War started because of uncompromising
differences between the free and slave states over the power of the national government
to prohibit slavery

3. Which states were part of the Union? Which were confederates? - The union states
were Maine, New York, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode
Island, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Kansas, Michigan, Wisconsin,
Minnesota, Iowa, California, Nevada, and Oregon. The Confederate states were South
Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas.

4. What resources did the North and South bring to the War? - The South had a
population of 9 million, but of that number, nearly 4 million were enslaved blacks whose
loyalty to the Confederate cause was always in doubt. The North possessed clear material
advantagesin money and credit, factories, food production, mineral resources, and
transport.

5. Be able to list and explain the significance of the following battles/places: Antietam,
Shiloh, Gettysburg, Appomattox Courthouse, Shermans March to the Sea, -

Antietam - The Union victory at Antietam resulted in President Abraham Lincoln issuing his
Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation on September 22, 1862.
Shiloh - It played a relatively important role in Union progress in the western theater and the
Union victory gave Tennessee to the North.
Gettysburg - a Union victory that stopped Confederate General Robert E. Lee's second invasion
of the North.
Appomattox Courthouse - Confederate General Robert E. Lee (1807-70) surrendered his
approximately 28,000 troops to Union General Ulysses.
Shermans March to the Sea - Sherman and his army captured Atlanta, Georgia, an important
transportation center in the Confederacy.

6. What was the reason behind the Emancipation Proclamation? - Abraham Lincoln
himself said that he issued the Emancipation Proclamation , "to aid you in saving the
nation" to the members of the Democratic party.

1. Why was the North able to tell the South what to do after the war? - Because the North
were successful in winning the Civil War and they got the rights they wanted for slavery
while the South did not.
2. What were the differences between Lincolns plan for Reconstruction, and the Radical
Republicans - Lincolns plan was to offer the south and all former confederates amenity
or pardon while radical republicans wanted to punish the south instead.

3. Why did Lincolns assassination make life harder for the South? - all hopes for a
peaceful and gentle Reconstruction died with him.Immediately following the Civil War,
Southern states passed numerous laws restricting the rights of Blacks.

4. What were the differences between the 14th and 15th Amendments? - Amendment 14 -
Establishes Citizenship Rights, Amendment 15 - Race No Bar to Vote

5. How did the lives of former slaves change after the Civil War? - The slaves were not
free but most werent capable to provide for themselves due to no reading or writing
skills and no jobs.

6. What were the Black Codes and Jim Crow laws an attempt to do? - These laws had the
intent and the effect of restricting African Americans' freedom, and of compelling them
to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt.

7. In what ways were Freedmen in the South not really free? - Freedmen had only their
labor as farmers to sustain them and had to return to farming to support themselves,
despite being free.