year 2 n 4 July 2017

ano 17 n 46 junho 2017 portuguese edition

portuguese steelwork
association Magazine

I N T E R N A T I O N A L O N L I N E M A G A Z I N E

CMM celebrate this year its twentieth anniversary

 XI CONFERENCE STEEL ON

AND COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION

SPECIAL THEME
THE NEW GENERATION OF EUROCODES

23 and 24 NOVEMBER 2017

iParque Coimbra - PORTUGAL
www.cmm.pt/congresso11
Copyrights: Alain Dumortier, Greisch Ingnierie SA. Fundao Louis Vuitton, Paris
 editorial

The Portuguese Steelwork Association has turned 20. In this edition of Metlica a
brief summary of the two decades of CMM is made, highlighting the evolution of
associate members and the main activities developed in this period. In this context
it is also presented the current situation of the Portuguese steel construction sector.
Throughout these years CMM has sought to maintain a constant promotion and
dissemination of the sector and its members, also impelling the sharing of knowledge
and training that will bring important benefits to the different actors in the sector.

The collection of articles of opinion of Metlica has again sequence with more
3very interesting articles. The opinion article of Prof. Vitor Murtinho, dedicated to
architecture with steel and composite construction, speaks about the Eiffel Tower,
an icon of the steel structures. The application of welding on cold-formed structural
elements is the subject of another article by Prof. Altino Loureiro. And Prof. Jos
Nuno Lopes Guilherme Silva presents the application of steel space lattice systems in different
Director
works in Brazil.

In 2017, the twentieth anniversary of CMM coincides with its main event, the
eleventh Conference on Steel and Composite Construction. The main speakers and
themes for submitting papers are already defined. It is expected to be once again
the perfect forum for sharing knowledge and experience in the Steel and Composite
Construction sector.

portuguese steelwork
association Magazine

Business Center Leonardo da Vinci

Coimbra iParque Lote 3
3040-540 Antanhol, PORTUGAL contents opinion
tel.: +351 239 09 84 22
tlm.: +351 96 50 61 249 18 architecture
fax: +351 239 40 57 22 1 editorial 26 welding
internet: www.cmm.pt
e-mail: cmm@cmm.pt 30 great works of steel construction in brazil
n 4 July 2017 2 news
DIRECTOR updates
Nuno Lopes special 36 training and events
EDITORIAL BOARD
Antnio Matos Silva, Amrico Dimande,
6 The two decades of CMM 41 publications
Altino Loureiro, Avelino Ribeiro, Dinar Camotim,
Filipe Santos, Joo Almeida Fernandes,
Jos Guilherme Santos da Silva, CMM
Leonor Crte-Real, Luis Figueiredo Silva,
Luis Simes da Silva, Nuno Silvestre, 42 highlight member
Paulo Cruz, Paulo Vila Real, 46 members
Pedro Vellasco, Ricardo Hallal Fakury,
Rui Simes, Tiago Abecasis,
Valdir Pignatta e Silva, Vtor Murtinho
agenda
PUBLISHER
cmm Portuguese Steelwork Association
48 events calendar
LAYOUT AND TYPESETTING
Sersilito-Empresa Grfica, Lda.

ISSN 2183-9263

Online Magazine
PERIODICITY Quaterly

COVER IMAGE
CMM

1
metlica international 4 august 2017
 news
CMM General Assembly 2017
and Elections for Corporate bodies 2017/2020
The CMM 2017 General Assembly was held on June
30, at CMMs premises in Coimbra.
From the Annual General Assembly, we highlight the
discussion and unanimous approval of the activities
report and the management accounts for 2016, as
well as the activity report and the budget for 2017.
We also highlight the election of the Corporate
bodies for the triennium 2017 / 2020.
The new elected corporate bodies are composed by:
GENERAL ASSEMBLY BOARD
Chairman:
Antnio Ressano Garcia Lamas
Members:
Dinar Reis Zamith Camotim
Joo Carlos Chaves de Almeida Fernandes
BOARD OF DIRECTORS and EXECUTIVE
COMMITTEE
Chairman:
Lus Alberto Proena Simes da Silva
Vice-Chairman:
Paulo Jorge De Melo Matias Faria De Vila Real
Antnio Manuel de Matos da Silva, representing the
corporate associate member Martifer
Secretary:
Nuno Filipe Ferreira Soares Borges Lopes
Members:
Avelino Joaquim Sousa Ribeiro, representing the
corporate associate member Ferpinta
Afonso Pedro Oliveira Ribeiro, representing the
corporate associate member Antero & Ca
2
metlica international 4 august 2017
Antnio Feliz Pinto Lopes da Cruz, representing the
corporate associate member O Feliz
Antnio Pedro Rocha Brito Antunes, representing the
corporate associate member Metalogalva
Joo Pereira Cabanas Gonalves Andr
Carlos Alberto Garcia Poo, representing the corporate
associate member Poo
Lus Filipe Figueiredo dos Santos, representing the
corporate associate member Vesam
Maria Leonor Crte-Real, representing the corporate
associate member Hempel
Nuno Miguel Rosa Pereira Silvestre
Rui Antnio Duarte Simes
Treasurer:
Tiago Braga Abecasis
Executive committee:
Lus Filipe Figueiredo dos Santos, representing the
corporate associate member Vesam
Maria Leonor Crte-Real, representing the corporate
associate member Hempel
Nuno Filipe Ferreira Soares Borges Lopes
Nuno Miguel Rosa Pereira Silvestre
Paulo Jorge De Melo Matias Faria De Vila Real
Tiago Braga Abecasis
AUDIT COMMITTEE :
Chairman:
Antnio Jos Lus dos Reis, representing the corporate
associate member Grid International
Members:
Eugnio Bernardes de Carvalho, representing the
corporative associate J. Soares Correia
Hlder Ivan Asceno Frade, representing the corporate
associate member Fametal
Professor Lus Simes da Silva, Chairman of the Board
of Directors, presented to the assembly the objectives
for the 2017-2020 triennium, highlighting the need for
the CMMs sustainable growth, to maintain and increase
the profitability of the Associations consolidated
activities, such as the editions of technical publications,
the organization of technical-scientific events in the
area, and technical training.
In order to stimulate the growth of the Association,
its participating companies, and the sector itself, the
board identified as forms of intervention, the increasing
 news

support for internationalization and promotion of the
sectors activities, intervention with Stakeholders and
regulators in Portugal and Brussels, and the increase in
applications for Portugal 2020 and H2020 projects.
A very special challenge was addressed to the assembly
by Professor Lus Simes da Silva. CMM works on a
daily basis to improve its results, and to stimulate the
growth of the sector, but the optimization of these
objectives is largely due to the challenges that the
associate members themselves can present to CMM.
Thus, the corporate and individual members were asked
to share problems, solutions and challenges, so that the
activities of CMM fully correspond to the needs of this
sector.

O FELIZ presented a new product at TEKTNICA

O FELIZ was once again represented at TEKTNICA, held from May 3 to 6 at FIL - Parque das Naes, in
Lisbon.
The 19th edition of the International Fair of Construction and Public Works, recognized nationally and
internationally, had 25% more exhibitors registered, compared to the same period.

In a space of 54 m2, O FELIZ was present as an

exhibitor at an event that was the stage for the
presentation of a new product, Superomega. The
result of two years of research and development,
in partnership with the University of Coimbra, the
innovative solution of cold-formed light steel sections
allows for significant reductions in the quantities of
steel applied when compared to the most advanced
solutions available in the market for the same level of
structural performance.

In parallel, they also presented the news in the

sectors of Steel Construction, Coatings and Sandwich
Panel

Sarkkis develops a unique software for

steelwork
SARKKIS - Robotics, Lda, an engineering, research
and development company focused on industrial
software and robotics, was born in the University
of Coimbra 6 years ago and today it is present in
all continents.
Focused on the development of innovative industrial
solutions for mechatronics software, it combines
research in robotics with a portfolio of products for
offline programming of robots for the manufacture of
structural steel, being the only Portuguese company
to develop this concept in the area of robotics
and
steelwork.
of Coimbra and INESC-TEC, which allows it to
continuously develop industrial solutions with a high R
& D component.
The creation of an innovative and unique software
has boosted the number of business contacts that
have shown great interest in this software. They
have already commercialized software for Brazil,
New Zealand (equipment manufacturer) and Algeria.
And, many of the customers do not even know them
personally. The contacts are made by telephone and
e-mail. They are currently undergoing a project in
Malaysia for a pressure vessel (steel construction).

Sarkkis received the project innovation award with the

Initially incubated at IPN in Coimbra and currently Clarissa project at EMAF 2016.
at UPTEC, SARKKIS maintains a strong relationship
with educational institutions, namely the University

3
metlica international 4 august 2017
 news

ARKU Open House 2017

DNC Tcnica was present along with some of its clients in the Open House of ARKU 2017: ARKU Plate
Leveling + Burr Removal.

This event was held from 15

to 19 May, 2017, where ARKU
doors in Baden-Baden, Germany,
were open for five days. In
this event already considered a
great success, the participants
saw newly developed deburring
machines and precision
levelers which lead to various
presentations and technical
discussions.

The most recent technologies

applied in the ARKU solutions
were presented and the millimetric and precise
potentials at the center of leveling and deburring of
plate were tested, with the most varied thicknesses,
of the most diverse applications of drilling and cutting.
The highlight was for a system connected to the
deburring machine, ARKUs EdgeBreaker 2000
Plus in line with the FlatMaster 55 80 precision
leveler and FlatJack flatness control, which aroused
great interest and admiration among the visitors.
DNC Tcnica is the official representative in
Portugal of ARKU. Once again bets on quality and
reliability. It already has an installation in progress
of a fully automatic solution in one of the largest
steelwork companies in the country, the prestigious
Metalogalva.

Open day Portugal Steel Metalogalva

In the framework of the Portugal Steel project, CMM
organized the first action of the Open Days Portugal
Steel, in partnership with METALOGALVA. This
open day was held on 8th of June at the companys
facility in Trofa.
It was intended to make this company better known,
founded in 1971, developing its activity in the design
and manufacture of steel structures. The products
developed have application in various fields of activity,
namely energy, telecommunications, roads and railways,
and are usually subjected to a hot dip
galvanizing anticorrosion protection, with
the possibility of complementary painting
(duplex system).

The visit was made by a group of 30

people, among designers, teachers and
students of steel structures, and the
program included a presentation of the
company and visit to the facilities.

4
metlica international 4 august 2017
 special The two decades of CMM

The two decades of CMM

CMM celebrates this year its twentieth anniversary

Installation committee and founding partners

Formation ceremony of CMM - Portuguese Steelwork Association

The CMM - Portuguese Steelwork Association was

formally constituted on 21th of November of 1997 in
Oporto, having as installation committee and founding
partners:

Prof. Antnio Ressano Garcia Lamas

Prof. Dinar Reis Zamith Camotim
Eng. Eugnio Pedro Queiroz Bernardes de Carvalho
Prof. Lus Alberto Proena Simes da Silva
Prof. Paulo Jorge de Sousa Cruz
Eng. Tiago Braga Abecasis

The evolution of associate

members general,
corporate, individual
In 1998, one year after its constitution during its First
Conference on Steel and Composite Construction,
CMM already had more than 80 individual members and
institutions.

Since its constitution, CMM has seen a sustained

increase in its number of members, both in terms of

6
metlica international 4 august 2017
STRUCTURE
EQUIPMENTS

4.0
INDUSTRY

Processing of plates
Drilling
Cutting
Milling
Threading
Marking

Processsing of beams

Processing of angles and pipes

+ speed In the drilling
In the cutting
In the set-up
In tool change
 special The two decades of CMM

global values and in the increase of categories, which

reflect the increased recognition of the associations
Highlighting Activities
work in all sectors of national steel construction.
1st Meeting on Steel and Composite
Members Evolution Construction
500
450
400 The First National Meeting on Steel and Composite
Construction took place at a special moment for the
350

353
353
300

379
356

328
340

304
340
steel construction in Portugal, with a recent increase of

323
250
292
291
255

200
the dynamism of the market of modern elements for
175
162
162

150
132
47 101
42 91

the steel construction, which appeared incorporated

36 87

100

112
112
100
26 54

98
89
86

82
80
79
65
62
61

50
55
53
52
51

0 in the traditional constructions. This was a meeting

that aimed to put in touch those who are interested in
6%
Corporate members Individual members

structural steel issues, to disseminate the state of the
500 Figure 1. Evolution of Associate Members between 1997 and 2017 art, and to make an analysis and discussion between
450
400
designing engineers and manufacturers and a reflection
350 CMM has 465 associates in 2017 divided by individual of the various participants to promote the steel solution.
353

351

300
members and corporate members. Regarding the
379
356

328
340

304
340

323

250
292
291

representability of members, it has evolved according

255

200
175
162

150
162

to the graphs presented in figures 2 and 3. Note the

132
101

100
91
36 87

increase of the weight of the steelworking companies

112

111
100
26 54

98
89

50
86

82

80

79
65
62

61
55
53
52
51
47
42

0
in the association. In 2017, approximately 38% of
the members are steelworking companies, 18% are
individual memebers, 13% areIndividual members
Collec've members
Associados coletivos design offices and 10%
Associados individuais

are stockists. The remaining weight is distributed by

4. Evoluo de Associados entre 1997 e 2017
equipment and machinery companies, educational
institutions, construction materials companies, and
tribuio other services. de associados em 1998
da representatividade

Owners; 9.90% Wholesalers; 9.90%

Design offices;
15.24% Opening session of First National Meeting on Steel and Composite
Construction

Steelwork;
30.02%
Individual
members;14.10%

Construction
Materials; 7.74% Universities;
13.10%

Figure 2. Distribution of membership representation in 1998

tribuio da representatividade de associados em 2017

wholesalers;
Others services ; 7,63% 10,31%
Associations; 0,58% First National Meeting on Steel and Composite Construction
Equipments and
Machines; 6,52%
The First Meeting gave space to research in the national
Design Offices; context, with the presentation of 63 papers, and the
13,05%
Steelwork; speakers were invited to talk about project themes,
38,66% PGINA 6

Individual
meeting expectations, eliciting papers on projects and
Members; 18,25% works and conferences on scientific progress. The large
number of contributions and participants in this First
Construction
Material; 1,55% Universities; National Meeting on Steel and Composite Construction,
3,45%
demonstrated the desire of the industrial and business

Figure 3. Distribution of membership representation in 2017

8
metlica international 4 august 2017
 special
community to make a positive contribution to the
development of steel construction.
The first National Meeting on Steel and Composite
Construction gave rise to CMM - Portuguese Steelwork
Association, and was the incursion of what would
become the Conference on Steel and Composite
Construction, which has already had ten editions. In the
year of the twentieth anniversary of CMM, the eleventh
edition is held. The decision made at the First National
Meeting of Steel and Composite Construction to meet
every two years the scientific and industrial community
interested in the development of knowledge and
structural applications, has proved appropriate and, due
to the success of subsequent editions, still valid.
The evolution of the relevance of the Conference on
Steel and Composite Construction is visible by the
evolution of the number of participants, both in the
number of congressman, and in the number of papers
and supporting companies, becoming a technical-
scientific reference of the sector.
The two decades of CMM
Presence in ECCS
CMM has been a full member of the ECCS - European
Convention for Constructional Steelwork since 1999,
thus meeting one of its statutory objectives, having
maintained close proximity since then, actively
participating in the various ECCS activities and assuming
prominent positions in the institution.
Prof. Luis Simes da Silva, President of CMM Executive
Board, is a member of the Executive Board of the ECCS
- European Convention for Construction Steelwork,
since 2005, was a member of the Management Group
of the ECCS Executive Board responsible for Education
and Technical Innovation (September 2006 to October
2013), Chairman of TMB - Technical Management Board
(2007-2013) and Chairman of ECCS (2011-2013).
CMM maintains representatives in the various technical
committees of the ECCS, being currently the TC 3
chaired by Prof. Paulo Vila Real (Vice-president of CMM)
and TC 14 chaired by Prof. Lus Bragana
9
metlica international 4 august 2017
 special
Metlica magazine
CMM materializes much of the work that is done in
dissemination of the steel and composite construction
sector, as well as what is done best in this sector, in the
Metlica magazine.
With the first edition in October 1998, Metlica
magazine has suffered several improvements,
constantly betting on the qualitative and quantitative
increase of its content, having already been published
45 editions.
With a quarterly publication and distribution to all
CMM members, various public and private entities and
participants of all CMM events, Metlica magazine has
a content essentially consisting of technical articles
that seek to respond to the interests of the needs and
desires of the Members of CMM and all professionals
in the sector.
Metlica magazine has been growing in the importance
of presence in the global sector, being distributed in
Portugal, Angola, Mozambique and Brazil, but also of
its own intrinsic value. This publication has become a
reference in the national steel construction sector. In
the last annual edition, the Metlica magazine includes
the directory of the national companies of the steel
construction sector.
10
metlica international 4 august 2017
The two decades of CMM
In 2016 the Metlica magazine assumed a new
phase in its objective of internationalization, by
creating an English language version of the national
magazine - Metlica International Magazine - which has
international distribution in digital format.
We believe that this is an essential mean for the
dissemination of companies and national technical
developments, in the international context, allowing a
reinforcement of the recognition that this sector already
has internationally.
The transition of CMM to Coimbra
CMM, initially based in the city of Porto, developed its
activity in Guimares from 1998 to 2003, having then
moved to Coimbra in 2003, being located in the Civil
Engineering Department of the University of Coimbra.
In 2014, CMM changed its facilities, responding to
its space needs resulting from a larger number of
employees and activities developed, being now located
in the Leonardo da Vinci Business Center in Coimbra
iParque.
The CMM Publisher
CMM also plays a leading role in the publication
of national and international technical publications
dedicated to engineering, in particular to Steel and
composite construction.
Having started its activity as editor of technical books of
Steel and Composite construction, with the publication
of the Manual of Steel Connections of Lus Simes
da Silva and Aldina Santiago in 2003 in addition to
Conference Proceedings, CMM is now responsible for
the edition and Worldwide distribution of specialized
publications.
 special The two decades of CMM

In 2007, an important step was taken in the current
positioning of CMM Publisher, with the contract
agreement with ECCS of the edition and publication
of the Technical Guides resulting from the Technical
Committees and development of the Eurocode Design
Manuals collection, design manuals according to the
Eurocodes. The first edited title of this partnership was
Worked Examples According to EN 1993-1-3 Eurocode
3, Part 1.3
plan, meeting the specific needs of its members and all
professionals in this sector.
The first course EN1090-2: Execution of Steel
Structures and Aluminum Structures Part 2: Technical
Requirements for Steel Structures was carried out in
November 2008, and was coordinated by Professor Rui
Simes.

The CMM publications are currently divided in the

collections Eurocode Design Manuals, Technical
Manuals (ECCS Technical Committees), Steel and
composite Construction and the CMM Conference
Proceedings, with a total of more than 130 titles.

Specialized training

Another important aspect of CMM is its role in

disseminating scientific and technological knowledge
in this area. In this sense, the training department
was created in 2008, which works mainly for training
courses in the area of steel construction, in an annual
Course on EN1090-2: Execution of Steel Structures and Aluminium
Structures Part 2: Technical Requirements for Steel Structures,
November 2008

Improving safety,
quality and performance
Conformity Assessment with European Directives
ASME Authorised Inspection Agency
Pressure Equipment Certification
Welding Procedures and Welders Certification
Certification of Quality Systems for Welding
Standard and tailored training courses

www.lr.org/inspecao-portugal

Working together
for a safer world

11
metlica international 4 august 2017
 special
Course on Design of Light-Steel Framing Structures - 7th edition,
February 2016
Currently, CMM is certified by DGERT and has more
than 75 courses carried out with 31 different topics, and
has already trained 1347 trainees in steel construction
subjects.
The international conferences
With the goal of disseminating the latest innovations
in the field of this type of construction and to present
the guidelines for research in this field, both nationally
and internationally, CMM has long assumed an active
position in the development of the steel construction
sector by also organizing international conferences
under the theme of Steel Construction.
This part began in 2002 with the organization of the
Eurosteel, and in 2008 the ICSB, both international
conferences that had their Portuguese edition with the
co-organization of CMM. In 2012 another phase of this
activity began with the organization of the First Luso-
African Conference on Sustainable Steel Construction
in Luanda, followed by editions in 2013 in Mozambique
and 2014 in Luanda.
12
metlica international 4 august 2017
The two decades of CMM
Participation in European projects
CMM participated in 2010 in its first European project
with the DiSteel project, which ran until 2013. DiSteel
was a research project on Displacement Based Seismic
Design of STEEL Moment Resisting Frame Structures,
which include performance criteria and a displacement-
based design procedure capable of considering different
beam-column joint typologies. The results have
improved confidence in the steel construction industry
and increased steel use in Europe.
Between 2013 and 2015 CMM participated in the
Steelprost Demo project. In this project CMM
integrated a consortium included in a European
project (FP7). CMM was committed to innovation and
development of a substance with characteristics that
gives steel sufficient protection when subjected to fire
and with industrial application facilitated. The purpose
of this project was to demonstrate and industrialize
this coating in order to provide ease of application and
results demonstrated by the legal requirements
CMM maintains its presence in several applications
for European projects, some of them still waiting for
approval.
CMM Industry
In order to meet the needs of the steelwork industry,
CMM formalized the CMM Industry area in 2012, which
seeks to actively operate in the sector. CMM Industry
intends to meet members and potential members,
responding to key issues in the sector, namely
Consulting, Qualification and Standardization.
CMM Industrys activity seeks to support Steelwork
companies in the implementation of working methods
supported by good industry practices, as well as
investing in research, innovation and development,
namely in the area of standardization
and creation of
new products that add value to Steelwork companies.
In 2014 with the aim to distinguish the quality and the
promotion of the industry CMM launched Quality Steel.
Quality Steel is an exclusive product, created by CMM,
whose main objective is the valorization, distinction
and promotion of the steelwork industry through the
description and classification of good practices.
With quality seal Quality Steel, CMM intends to
recognize, highlight and value the quality of design,
management, execution and maintenance of steel
 special
Professor Simes da Silva delivers certification Quality Steel to
Poo, 2014
structures, as well as the recognition of the skills and
know-how that our country has in this specific sector.
The requirements to be checked for the assignment
of this quality seal are defined based on a checklist to
Distributor of all kind of steel products
Fittings and Industrial Supplies
The two decades of CMM
which a score is assigned. Quality Steel is applicable to
the steelwork industries, which develop the following
processes in whole or in part: Quality; Design and
Development - structural design; Production planning;
Provision and reception of constituent materials;
Production - cutting, drilling, preparation and surface
treatments; Packing; Handling; Transport; Assembly;
Maintenance.
What differentiates this quality seal is the analysis,
in these processes, of specific parameters, such as
the documentary organization, the technological level,
among others, assessing important characteristics, such
as concern for the well-being of employees, ecological
conscience and the final product quality. Thus, Quality
Steel is unique, standing out from other quality brands.
Again CMM, seeks with this project to promote the
quality of the national steel construction.
More than a certification, a brand of quality.
13
metlica international 4 august 2017
 special
Portugal Steel Project
In 2013, CMM created the Portugal Steel brand, which
aims to promote and disseminate the steel construction
sector both nationally and internationally.
Solid in its genesis is the promotion and increase of
recognition of this sector among public and private
decision-making entities, as well as being a potential
platform for the internationalization of the national
sector, by increasing the positive image of the steel
and composite construction sector, highlighting the
competitive advantages of this type of construction.
Prof. Joo Duque in Steel Talk on June 2016
The Portugal Steel project has the ambition of an
entire business sector, whose importance for the
national economy has been vital, through the enormous
dynamics of companies and their strong export
component. The objectives of Portugal Steel could not
be less ambitious than the project itself, aiming at a
greater and more pronounced national and international
projection of the Portuguese steel and composite
construction sector, highlighting the advantages of this
constructive method, and assuming as basic elements
of the message of the Portugal Steel project - Durability,
Sustainability, Economic importance.
In the framework of this project various activities are
carried out annually such as the Seminar Cycle of
Portugal Steel and the Steel Talk Conferences. They are
a network of events that serve to promote the brand to
a specific audience - students and local decision makers
14
metlica international 4 august 2017
The two decades of CMM
- so that the message of valorisation of the steel
construction and the solutions that it allows is clear.
With the objective of making potential new markets
known to the sector, the Steel Construction Forums
are also organized, with the presence of Chambers of
Commerce and Industry and Embassies in Portugal.
In order to recognize what is best done at the level of
national design and manufacturing, the Portugal Steel
Design Awards - National Award 2017, was launched
and takes place every two years, aiming to give visibility
and encourage the creative use of steel in architecture
and Construction at national level.
In 2015, the Portugal Steel 2017 University Award
was launched with the focus on transferring scientific
knowledge between universities and companies, as
a national competition to award the best design work
in the field of Steel and composite Construction for
students of civil engineering and architecture.
Presence in technical committees
CMM is an effective member of the ECCS, the main
European body in the field of steel construction, and
has a position of reference within this body. As a
Portuguese representative of the ECCS, it has been
present on several technical committees since 2000.
CMM is currently responsible for the appointment
and management of the national representations in
the various technical committees of this European
body and is represented in all ECCS committees,
namely: Executive Board, ESSPG / ECCS National
Promotion Coordination Group (NACG), Promotion
Management Board (PMB) (TC8), Structural Stability
(TC8), Manufacturing and Erection Standards (TC8),
Bridges committee (BC), Technical Management Board
(TMB), Fire (TC3), TC 6 - Fatigue (TC6), Cold Formed
Thin Walled Sheet Steel in Building TC9), Structural
Connections (TC10), Composite Structures (TC11),
Seismic Design (TC13), Sustainability and Eco-efficiency
of Steel construction (TC14), Architectural & Structural
Design (TC15).
CMM also secretaries the CT 182 - Execution of Steel
Structures, accompanies the work developed by TC
135 and in working groups WG14 and WG15 of this
committee, being responsible for the translation of
the EN1090 Standard. It also accompanies the work
developed by CT 171 - Sustainability in Buildings.
 special
The Portuguese Steel Construction sector
in 2017
In 1997, Portugal knew a reality in which steel
constructions were unusual and the use of steel in
construction and public works was small compared
to what was happening in the rest of Europe. It
was in this reality that CMM was created with the
statutory objectives of promoting and disseminating
the area of steel and composite construction in the
national context, and of disseminating scientific and
technological knowledge.
In a short time this reality changed, with steel
construction in Portugal having suffered a strong
positive impact, as a result of the modernization and
increase of productivity of Portuguese steelwork
companies. In this sense, the EXPO 98 was very
successful, since it showed the Portuguese people,
for the first time, steel applied extensively in different
constructions and with great impact on the national
construction panorama, contradicting many of the
prejudices and myths created around this solution,
exhibiting to architects and engineers a showcase of
possibilities, and demonstrating to the Portuguese the
aesthetic potential of this type of construction, giving it
greater viability.
Progressively, the steel construction was gaining more
and new uses, reaching another milestone in 2004
with the organization of EURO 2004, which became
another opportunity to have another showcase of steel
structures of exception and that served as a moment
of affirmation of national steel construction, both
at the design and production levels, and even gave
national companies the recognition of their capacity and
technical skills.
The macroeconomic context of recent years has
been marked by the slowdown in world and national
economic growth, with a strong impact on the national
The Industry (by economic activity)
Iron and Steel Industry
Cold forming
Manufacture of tubes, pipes, hollow sections and steel accessories
Arc or band cold rolling
Cold forming
Steel treatment and coating
Manufacture of other steel products
The two decades of CMM
construction sector. For an industry based on public
works and projects of companies and individuals,
everything would indicate an unfavourable trend in
internal and external demand for the steel construction
sector.
However, this prognosis did not occur for the
Portuguese steel construction sector. The national
market was not the only alternative for companies
faced with the economic recession, but new doors
were opened for this sector. Even in an unfavourable
environment, the steel construction industry has
affirmed itself as a growing sector in the Portuguese
economy. Contrary to the national recession, since 2010
there has been a significant increase in export volume,
definitely overcoming the difficulties caused by the
outbreak of the international economic and financial
crisis of 2008, thanks to the renewal of markets,
investment in innovation and redirection of the sector
for the export. Steel construction has become an
industry that contributes significantly to the reduction
of the Portuguese trade deficit, leading much of its
production to export. Despite all the vicissitudes, the
Portuguese steel industry continues to expand.
The Portuguese steel construction sector has revealed
great dynamism, being able to implement a growth
strategy, promoting a sustainable development of the
sector despite the limitations of the current situation. As
a result of a relevant international dynamic, the national
companies of the sector have achieved a solid process
of growth and adaptation to other markets.
The national steel construction market in recent
years has been developing in a very positive way,
currently guaranteeing more than 26000 direct jobs and
representing a turnover of around 3500 million euros
in 2015. These results were only possible due to the
Turnover Export volume N of employees
992.519.197 390.294.081 12509
1.064.330.823 781.802.126 1245
218.499.603 126.792.057 828
193.366.994 19.652.912 130
132.970.670 22.101.807 420
397.807.288 102.025.976 4457
461.014.019 132.013.520 6664
15
metlica international 4 august 2017
 no nmero global, tendo vindo os mercados fora da eu a afirmar-se gradualmente na balana
ortaes deste sector. Para o volume de exportaes do sector, muito tem contado os resultados
uo das vendas para exportao de fabricao de estruturas metlicas (CAE 25110), que tem
tado valores de crescimento mdios de exportaes prximos dos 10% desde 2010, devido ao
potencial de exportao que este tipo de construo assume.
special The two decades of CMM

Podemos dizer que o investimento na internacionalizao das empresas nacionais dividido entre os
mercados emergentes de frica - Maghreb e pases de lngua oficial portuguesa - e Amrica Latina, e os
mercados exigentes the
e consolidados da Europa,and
European markets, mantendo
whereestethe ltimo um nmero
affirmation of relevante no saldo das
exportaes
Exports to
do sector. Estes mercados mais tradicionais continuam a ser mercados para os quais o
sector Portuguese companies is made by quality.
EU portugus continua a responder, apesar da maior exigncia normativa e de qualidade que implica
National a presena
1 327 617 400 nos mercados europeus e onde a afirmao das empresas portuguesas feita pela
Sales qualidade.
Volume In the current context, we see that the position of the
1 885 826 116 sector in the international market is strong, due to the
No contexto atual, quality
presenciamos uma posio
and quantity of the do sector products,
exported no mercado
butinternacional
also forte, devido
qualidade e quantidade dos produtos exportados, mas tambm devido crescente procura de tcnicos
due to theespecficos
nacionais com conhecimento increasingnessa
demandrea.ofPortugal
nationalassume
technical staff
neste sector, conhecimentos
tcnicos e capacidade produtiva
with reconhecidos
knowledge internacionalmente,
in this area. razo pela
Portugal assumes qual tem conseguido uma
in this
Exports to performance a nvel global.
boa
outside the EU sector, technical know-how and production capacity
247 065 078
recognized internationally, which is why it has achieved
Os nmerosatgerais
a good performance do level.
a global sector em 2015
Figure 1. Sales Volume and Sector Exports - 2015 values
Fig 1. Volume de vendas e Exportaes - Valores de 2015 N Colaboradores Vol. Vendas % PIB Total Exportaes % Exportaes
26 253 3 460
Drawing the508 595 of
profile the 1,93%
Portuguese 1 574 682
steel 479
fabrication 2,19%
export volume of these companies, which registered
industry, we found a significant presence of Small and
, desde 2010, as exportaes da indstria da construo metlica tm crescido gradualmente,
growth in recent years, reinforcing the recognition by
ra a UE como para os mercados emergentes fora da UE. A soluo da construo metlica
perfil daest
Traando um breve medium companies,
indstria representing
de fabricao more than
de construo 68% of
metlica the
nacional, verificamos uma
the competitiva
da vez mais international
nos market
mercadosofem
theevoluo
quality eofexigentes
thepresena
Portuguese
da Europa (como osderecentes
significativa mdias e pequenas empresas, representando mais de 58% do volume de
em Frana e no Reino Unido), bemsector
como nos mercados emergentes sectors
de vrios continentes, turnover in 2015
industry. Exports in the represent about 2% do
vendas of sector, em 2015.
tualmente os principais destinos os mercados de frica e da Amrica Latina.
the National Exports Value and industry turnover of
about 2.2% of the national GDP. Major company
8,49%
In 2015, the Portuguese steel construction industry is PGINA 2
Micro company
characterized as follows: 22,77%

In the volume of exports reached by the sector, the

European markets maintain a special significance in
the global number, with the markets outside the EU Medium company
gradually establishing themselves in the scale of exports 32,97%
in this sector. The results and the evolution of export
sales of steel structures manufacturing have contributed Small company
35,77%
highly to the volume of exports of the sector which has
presented an average of export growth close to 10%
Figure 2. Distribution of sales volume by company size in 2015
since 2010, due to this type of construction. Fig 2. Distribuio do volume de vendas por dimenso da empresa em 2015

In fact, since 2010, exports of the steel construction

The Portuguese production of steel construction
industry have grown steadily, both for the EU A and
produo nacionaldominates
de fabricao de construo metlica, concentra-se
mainly in the center and north of the essencialmente no centro e
for emerging markets outside the EU. The steelnorte do pas, com mais de 70% das empresas sediadas nestas regies, representando um volume de
country, with more than 70% of the companies
construction solution is becoming increasinglyfaturao
more de 1.203.860.445,60 . Esta incidncia resultante da maior tradio da transformao de ao
located da
nestas zonas, que resultou in tradio
these regions, representing
da indstria a sales
naval do nosso volume
pas, que permitiu a formao de
competitive in Europes evolving and demanding
mo-de-obra altamenteof 1203860445,60. This geographic
qualificada. Essa mo-de-obra, incidence
com o declnio da is
construo naval, fez uma
markets (such as recent projects in France and the UK)
transio natural para os processos
a result of the construtivos de edificaes.
great tradition on the transformation
as well as in emerging markets on several continents,
of steel in these areas, which resulted from the naval
being the main markets Africa and Latin America.
industry of the country, that allowed the training of
highly qualified labor. This workforce, with the decline
We can say that the investment of national companies
of shipbuilding, has made a natural transition to
in internationalization is divided between the emerging
constructive building processes.
markets of Africa - Maghreb and countries of
PGINA 3
Portuguese official language - and Latin America, and
Companies in this sector have the main challenge in the
the demanding and consolidated markets of Europe,
coming years, to maintain the growth of their presence
maintaining the latter a relevant number in the sectors
in international markets, both by the maturation of
export balance. These more traditional markets
the existing presence and the identification of new
continue to be markets for which the Portuguese sector
markets, for the national steel construction. For this,
continues to address, despite the greater normative
it is essential to focus on the demand, innovation and
and quality demand which implies the presence in

General Numbers of the sector in 2015

N Employees Vol. Sales % GDP Total Exports % Exports

26 253 3 460 508 595 1,93% 1 574 682 479 2,19%

16
metlica international 4 august 2017
 special The two decades of CMM

quality of production and increasing qualification and

Madeira 1,80% Azores 1,42%
specialization of professionals in the sector, aiming to
qualify the sector in a sustained manner, guaranteeing a Lisbon
high quality standard to its prescribers and customers, metropolitan area
17,79%
nationally and abroad, contributing to the increase of
North 35,86%
exports and the added value of the national product. Algarve 1,23%
Alentejo 5,58%
But more than developing new markets, the steel
construction sector must continue to have developed
skills in the field of the traditional market, but also
plan and seek to develop the necessary capabilities
to be able to operate in a more selective market Center 36,33%
and in which the Portuguese steel construction has
Figure 3. Distribution of companies by region in 2015
been progressively gaining experience - the OffshoreFig 3. Distribuio de empresas por regio em 2015
steel construction. This is a highly demanding and more competitive capacity, and consequently greater
competitive market. implementation at international level.
As empresas deste sector tm como principal desafio para os prximos anos, manter o cres
presena em mercados
Portuguese companies have been able to provide internacionais,
Diversifying marketsquerandpela maturao
investing de presenas
in highly demanding j existent
identificao de novos mercados, para a construo metlica nacional. Para tal, essencia
themselves with a technological componentestratgica
and of niches na
na exigncia, willinovao
allow to emaintain and consolidate
na qualidade da produo the esector,
crescente qua
advanced innovation, developing a close relationship
especializao dos profissionais
focused ondo thesector, tendo como
innovation objetivo qualificar oofsector de forma
and competitiveness
garantindo
with the Universities and the Research Centers in partida um alto padro de qualidade aos seus prescritores e clientes, no
national companies, which we believe are decisive
estrangeiro, contribuindo para o incremento das exportaes e do valor acrescentado
the development of R&D solutions for products and
nacional. for the affirmation of Portuguese Steel Construction
processes, which have enabled them to achieve a worldwide.
Mas, mais do que desenvolver novos mercados, o sector da construo metlica portug
continuar a desenvolver competncias no domnio do mercado tradicional, mas tambm a
desenvolver as capacidades necessrias para poder operar num mercado mais seletivo e
construo em ao portuguesa tem progressivamente ganho experincia - a construo m
Offshore. Este um mercado altamente exigente e competitivo.
As empresas portuguesas tm conseguido dotar-se de uma componente tecnolgica e de inov
avanada, desenvolvendo uma estreita relao entre as Universidades e os Centros de In
para o desenvolvimento de solues de I&D para produtos e processos que lhes permitiram
maior capacidade competitiva e consequentemente maior implementao a nvel internacion
A diversificao dos mercados e o investimento em nichos altamente exigentes permitir
consolidar o sector, com foco na inovao e competitividade das empresas nacionais, so dec
a afirmao da construo portuguesa em todo o mundo.

17
metlica international 4 august 2017
 architecture
Eiffel and the tower
of a thousand feet
The construction of the tower
was a masterpiece of precision,
efficiency and speed.
Prof. Vitor Murtinho
University of Coimbra and
The integration of a new construction into any
historical context is a problem that pervades the
whole descriptive narrative of the evolution of
humanity. New and old are not faces of the same
coin, and many times they appear in both alternative
and extremely contrasting positions. Not always,
in the field, what is at stake is purely and simply a
gesture of continuity.
What at a given moment is considered new, with the
oldness that time confers, it theoretically will gain the
honorability that will transform it into historical artifact.
The difficulty of any building is to be able to survive long
enough to change from novelty to essential building. In
fact, in the context of architecture, in order to achieve
preservation, it is best to ensure the enviable status of
Figure 1. Maurice Koechlin, Pylone 300 meters high to
the city of Paris. Previous study of M. Nouguier and M.
Koechlin, 1884.
18
metlica international 4 august 2017
Eiffel and the tower of a thousand feet
Bertrand Lemoine*
a monument. But also in architecture, the meaning of
historical buildings is not exhausted in its value as part
of the past, as long as they are an asset in any present
time.
A work that, due to its impact and size, is part of the
heritage of mankind, is undoubtedly the Eiffel Tower.
However, in its genesis, it was a work that was
surrounded by great controversy, namely for aesthetic
reasons, costs of construction, utility and architectural
integration in the city of Paris.
In the context of the Universal Exhibition of Paris in
1889 there are two colossi of the steel construction
and that are worthy of reference, the Gallery of the
Machines and the Eiffel Tower. The Gallery of the
Machines, officially known as the Palace of Machines,
from the architect Ferdinand Dutert and the engineer
Victor Contamin was about 430m long, 115m wide
and 45m high, without any intermediate support and
certainly deserving reflection and analysis at another
opportunity.1 However, in this commemorative
circumstance the most spectacular construction is
without a doubt the Eiffel Tower.
The process that gave rise to the implementation of the
tower in the context of the universal exhibition is indeed
strange and peculiar. As the exhibitions commissioner,
the Minister of Commerce and Industry, douard
Lockroy, launched a contest with very restricted time
for the development of proposals, indicating that the
preferences had already been defined. The regulation
of this contest of ideas, published on May 3, 1886,
expected that the proposals were submitted by the
* Quoted from the text by Lemoine Gustave Eiffel, Engineering mastermind of tall
metal structures in The Great Builders, edited by Kenneth Powell, Thames & Hudson,
London, 2011, p.145.
1 The dimensions of the Palace of Machines, according to the author and in several
places, present slightly different values so in this case one opted for the version of
Marrey, Bernard, Le Fer Paris, Picard diteur, Paris, 1989, p. 59.
 architecture
18th of the same month. The Regulation in its Article
9 explicitly stated that competitors should construct a
square base tower with 125m base and 300m height
in the Campo de Marte - on the Seine river bank - and
if they so wish, submit a variant without the referred
tower. This document also defines which areas are
available for the development of the general program
of the exhibition (about 291.000m2) and the thematic
fields and respective areas are defined2. Such a tight
deadline for a program as complex and demanding
as the one at issue is quite indicative that if there
were a presumption of quality of proposal, there
should be technicians who had to have the complete
information prior to the launch of the contest, or it
responded in some way to proposals already developed
corresponding to a kind of proforma.
2 Rglement du concurs de lExposition universelle de 1889, publi au Jounal officiel du
3 mai 1886 in 1889 La Tour Eiffel et lExposition Universelle, ditions de la Runion
des Muses Nationaux, Paris, 1989, p.16.
Eiffel and the tower of a thousand feet
In the contest, 107 projects were received, of which the
jury selected 18 proposals, among which was obviously
one by Gustave Eiffel.3 One of the other proposals,
considered the rival project of Eiffel, was a kind of
lighthouse - surmounted by a luminous lantern - 300m
high and built in granite. This project, by the architect
Jules Bourdais, generated a situation that apparently
confronted engineering with architecture, modernity
with academism. In spite of everything, the proposal
from the company of Eiffel would be unanimously
selected given its full response to the intended.
At the time of its construction, the Eiffel Tower
was considered a disturbing work, with proportional
contempt of the city of Paris.4 On February 14, 1887,
even at the very beginning of the work, a manifesto
subscribed by several intellectuals was published
3 Igot, Yves, Gustave Eiffel, Librairie Marcel Didier, Paris, p.55.
4 The excavation work for the foundations of the Eiffel Tower began on January 26, 1887..
19
metlica international 4 august 2017
 architecture
Figure 2. Gallia, steel tower with 300
meters of height. Design of monument
celebrating the centenary de 1789,
design drawing made in 1884 by Maurice
Koeclin, mile Nouguier and Stephen
Sauvestre.
in the newspaper Le Temps, protesting against the
useless and monstrous Eiffel Tower venture, which was
deprecatingly equivalent to a the Tower of Babel.5 Of
the various personalities, who subscribed to the 1887
manifesto against the construction of the Eiffel Tower
and who have never publicly accepted to change their
opinion, one of the historically most prominent was the
writer Guy de Maupassant. Even when found having
lunch with a friend at one of the towers restaurants
and being questioned about the situation, he would
have replied that it was the only place in Paris where he
did not see the Eiffel Tower.6 In fact, that construction
was clearly a work without apparent function, the
needs were not starting points of the project, they
were essentially justifications. Almost without shame,
it can be said that when it arose, the Tower is a totally
useless monument.7
It was obvious that the implementation of such a
tower, with a total size of over 300m, was a work both
loved and hated. For the more conservative it was
an extemporaneous work that substantially altered
the image of a romantic city like Paris, for the more
progressive it was a daring work that mirrored the
technical and entrepreneurial capacities of an era. If we
compare the height of the tower with other notable
constructions of the human ingenuity we had Chartres
cathedral with 113m, St. Peter of Rome with 132m,
the pyramid of Cheops with 146m and the obelisk of
5 Les Artistes Contre la Tour Eiffel in Journal le Temps, 14 fevereiro de 1887, Paris.
6 Igot, Yves, Gustave Eiffel, p.59.
7 Du Moutier, Michel Lyonnet, Laventure de la tour Eiffel, Publications de la Sorbonne,
Paris, 2009, p.29.
20
metlica international 4 august 2017
Figure 3. Jules Bourdais,
Design of Monumental
lighthouse for Paris,
elevated, 1881.
9 Tomsin, Philippe, Larchitecture mtallique non industrielle in Les Cahiers de
10 Du Moutier, Michel Lyonnet, Laventure de la tour Eiffel, p.12.
Eiffel and the tower of a thousand feet
Washington with 169m.8 The 1000 feet tower, or 300
meter tower, is considered a symbol of the engineering
feats in the twilight of the nineteenth century.9 By
slightly surpassing an amazing height of 300m, the
Eiffel Tower almost doubled the maximum elevation of
any of the constructions of the time.
All the above mentioned constructions had constructive
logics based on masonry and stone, reason why
the limitation of its height resides essentially in its
constructive system. Exceeding the height of the
Washington obelisk meant, as Michel du Moutier
wrote, the passage from the stone age to the steel
construction age.10 In the case of the Washington
Monument, which was until the construction of the
Eiffel Tower, the highest construction undertaken by
man, was an example of the difficulties of construction
in height since it had been started in 1848 under the
project of architect Robert Mills and interrupted in
1854 due to problems of foundations and consequent
inclination of the obelisk, still only with 49m of height.
And if originally the planned height was 600 feet (about
183m), this building, dedicated as a memorial to George
Washington, would be finished only in 1885, and
remained cautiously with the size of 169m. And, this
limit was due firstly to the problems of foundations and
the behavior of the subsoil towards the pressure caused
by the weight of the obelisk.11
The goal of building a 1,000-feet tower during the
nineteenth century was not a new issue. Already in the
context of the Reform Act of 1832 (Reform Act 1832)
of the British parliament, an English engineer, Richard
Trevithick had proposed the design of a tower that had
inside a column in cast iron (hollow, with diameter of
1,8m and 5cm of thickness where an elevator would
Figure 4. Construction system
used for the construction of the
foundations of the tower on the
pillars next to the river Seine.
8 Du Moutier, Michel Lyonnet, Laventure de la tour Eiffel, Publications de la Sorbonne,
Paris, 2009, p.29.
lUrbanisme, n 25-26, 1999, P.50
11 Du Moutier, Michel Lyonnet, Laventure de la tour Eiffel, p.30.
 architecture Eiffel and the tower of a thousand feet

Figure 5. Illustration
describing the
maneuver of the
800-ton cylinder which
allowed adjusting the
position of the base
of the tower pillars
and thus precede the
leveling of the floors /
platforms.

circulate) and that had a masonry base, in the shape of

a trunk of cone with 30 meters of diameter and 18m of
height. Outside the tower would be surmounted by a Figure 6. Servando, General view of the Universal Exhibition of 1889,
platform supported on a base of 3.6 m of diameter and Chromolithography, 1889.

that would ensure the upper limit of the conical shape

the American engineers Thomas C. Clark and Samuel
that would constitute the general shape of the tower.
Reeves, presented two years before a tower that would
Nevertheless, the death of Trevitick in 1833, ended up
rise up to 1,000 feet of height. The project presented
preventing the continuity of this enterprise.12
was quite realistic and would certainly be credited with
Reevess invention of the Phoenix column, which had
In the same century and in the framework of the
assured him a successful patent of the same name in
Universal Exhibition of Philadelphia (USA) of 1876,
1862.13 The description of the project is published in
the French magazine La Nature on March 21, 1874. The
12 Trevithick was notable for the invention of the steam locomotive. On the tower see
Loyrette, Henri, Gustave Eiffel, Rizzoli, New York, 1985, p. 109. For more details on the
monument consult Trevitick, Francis, The Life of Richard Trevitick, with an acount of his 13 Middleton, William D., The Bridge at Qubec, Indiana University Press, Bloomington,
inventions, volume II, E. & F. N. Spon, Londres, 1872, pp. 390-393. 2001, p.38.

FAST DRYING
COATINGS
Comprehensive systems for various environments
Excellent anti-corrosive properties
Fast drying & short overcoating times
for increased productivity
Handling and transportation faster
VIENNA than ever before
INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
Reliable and commited technical assistance - Hanger n 7
REALISATION: 2012 - 2014
COATING SYSTEM DESCRIPTION:
hempel.com
HEMPADUR FAST DRY 17410
HEMPACORE ONE FD 43601
HEMPATHANE 55210

21
metlica international 4 august 2017
 architecture
Figure 7. Georges Garen, Embrasement de la Tour Eiffel pendant
lExposition Universelle, coloured illustration, 1889.
proposal is characterized by a central tube with 30 feet
of diameter (9.144m) - in this aspect it is similar to the
Trevithick project - with elevator in the center and spiral
staircase around; To define the outer volume there
would be a steel asna structure based on the Phoenix
column system starting from a 150 ft diameter base and
ending at 1,000 ft above the mouth of the steel tube
(30 ft of diameter).14
This description in some way highlights the conceptual
issue of building a human enterprise that would
surpass the symbolic 1,000 feet of height. This was
certainly a good way of pointing out the constructive
potential of the time, which by obvious contrast to
existing constructions would highlight the progress
of science and art through the ages. Specifically, for
France, the date of 1889, the year of the exhibition, was
very important, since in that year, on 14 July, was the
celebration of the centenary of the French Revolution
and the popular takeover of the Bastille prison,
construction which was at that time Symbol of the royal
power.
The Eiffel Tower is a project of engineers Maurice
Koechlin and mile Nouguier and architect Stephen
Sauvestre. The first idea was developed by Koechlin,
and made his first drawing on June 6, 1884. For
purposes of calculation and design Koechlin, then at
the age of 28, asks for the help of Nouguier, who at
the time was the companys technical director of the
Eiffel company. It is said that the first presentation
14 Ver Tissandier, Gaston, La tour amricaine de mille pieds de haut, La Nature, n 42,
maro de 1874, G. Masson diteur, paris, pp. 241-243.
22
metlica international 4 august 2017
Eiffel and the tower of a thousand feet
to Gustave Eiffel, did not welcome his enthusiasm
but also did not put any obstacle to the exploration of
the concept. Given the still very schematic aspect of
the project with many similarities to a kind of bridge
pillar, the architect Sauvestre was incorporated in the
team. With the precious help of this architect evident
aesthetic improvements are introduced having the
proposal gained new dynamism and the improvements
resulting from this acquisition were notorious. When
the proposal, after development, is again presented
to Eiffel, he immediately recovers his enthusiasm
by registering the patent on September 18, 1884 in
the name of Eiffel, Nouguier and Koechlin.15 And, the
adhesion of Eiffel is such that on December 12, 1884,
he signs an authors copyright agreement to himself
granting engineers the value of 1% of the estimated
amounts for the construction of the property.16
In addition, it should be noted that Eiffel already
had a great deal of experience and, consequently,
an enviable authority in terms of steel construction
due mainly to the famous Garabit railway over the
River Truyre (near Ruynes-en-Margeride, Cantal) in
France and the remarkable D. Maria Pia Bridge on
the Douro River connecting by train the city of Porto
to Vila Nova de Gaia. Eiffel was also distinguished in
the implementation of very innovative constructive
techniques, based on the intensive use of iron, and that
given the processes developed by him of prefabrication
in the factory with subsequent assembly in the
construction site, he obtained high yields in the time of
construction and a quality of construction clearly distinct
and unique.
Figure 8. Photographic assembly with different evolutionary moments
of the construction of the Eiffel Tower.
The design of the tower was evolving, creating
at the base level an arch that was not needed for
structural reasons but ended up conferring greater
psychological stability to the shape. On the other hand
assuming the status of the tower as monumental
door, the semicircular shape ended up conferring the
striking appearance of a triumphal arch. It occupies
a square shaped base configuration, each of the
pillars corresponding to a vertex and the diagonals in
this regular form define the exact orientation of the
15 Lemoine, Bertrand, Gustave Eiffel, Akal Ediciones, Madrid, 2002, p. 88.
16 Marrey, Bernard, La vie & oeuvre extraordinaires de Monsieur Gustave Eiffel ingnieur,
Graphite, s/l, 1989, p.71.
 architecture
Figure 9. General view of the Universal Exhibition of 1889 with Eiffel
Tower in the foreground.
cardinal points. That is, in practice each of the pillars
corresponds to a cardinal point: north, south, east and
west.
For the construction of the iron tower, one of the great
problems was the foundations. From the four pillars,
the major problem was those closest to the river Seine
(north pillar and west pillar). In the case of the pillars
farthest from the river (south pillar and east pillar), its
foundation base began to rise sharply at a level equal
to that of the watercourse bed, so that they could be
easily implemented during the works under open sky.
On the other side, it was necessary to work at a height
of at least 5m below the riverbed. Here, it became
necessary to implement solutions that could overcome
the water problem. As a solution, an ingenious process,
already experimented by Eiffel in the construction of
the foundations of the Bordeaux bridge in 1858, was
used. This consisted of the creation of boxes which, by
means of an ingenious solution, operated hermetically
and which were filled with compressed air, creating dry
underground areas for the development of excavation
work.17
Apart from the question of the sustainability of the
structure and the problems of support in the soil,
another major problem that had to be solved, due to the
great height of the monument was the wind behavior
and to guarantee its resistance against adverse climatic
events. If in that period there was a great deal of
enthusiasm for the Crystal Palace at the Great Exhibition
(universal exhibition of London) of 1851, and the way in
which they could distribute loads and types of support
was reassessed, in parallel with the innovative Eiffel
project itself, the most depressing prophecies for
disaster were predicted.18 Financially, the architecture
17 Du Moutier, Michel Lyonnet, Laventure de la tour Eiffel, Publications de la Sorbonne,
Paris, 2009, pp.64-66.
18 Giedion, Sigfried, Space, Time and Architecture, Harvard University Press, Cambridge,
Massachusetts, fifth edition, 1971, p. 246.
24
metlica international 4 august 2017
Eiffel and the tower of a thousand feet
that was in the genesis of the construction of the
tower, and which involved banks, state money and a
good deal of personal risk for Eiffel, are the corollary of
his entrepreneurial capacity, his visionaryism and above
all his intuition and availability to take risks. The tower,
built by the Eiffel company, was implemented through
financial engineering, which provided for a subsidy
of FRF 1 500 000 and a concession for 20 years. At
the end of the exhibition it is stated that Eiffel was
practically reimbursed from his investment.19
The tower was assembled on site corresponding to a
series of separate pieces, prefabricated and numbered
in the Levallois-Perret factories so that they can
be easily assembled on site. After the foundations
were completed, the most delicate part of the work
was precisely the assembly and start-up of the steel
pillars (inclined about 540) up to the level of the first
platform. This complexity arises from the fact that the
pillars start in a console and the moment generated
by this situation require greater care regarding the
implementation of scaffold structures to support the
steel pillars. The recommended solution was the
existence of hydraulic cylinders at the base of the steel
pillars which, due to their mobility, allow the absorption
of small misalignments of the level of the structure and
of the support beams of the platforms/floors. This task
was done when closing the first floor and was decisive
to reposition the structure and compensate for the
height difference of the pillars of about 6 to 7mm when
finishing the second floor/ platform of the tower.20
Figure 10. Aspect of the entrance area of the Universal Exhibition of
1889.
It was a work of enormous precision of drawing and
all the parts are conveniently detailed, the largest on
a 1/5 scale and the smallest on the 1/2 scale. In order
to have an idea of the
complexity and the technical
requirement underlying the project, it is enough to
mention that 700 complete drawings were elaborated,
3,600 detailed drawings of prefabricated parts. In total,
19 Marrey, Bernard, Le Fer Paris, Picard diteur, Paris, 1989, p. 58.
20 Du Moutier, Michel Lyonnet, Laventure de la tour Eiffel, pp. 78-79.
 architecture Eiffel and the tower of a thousand feet

18,038 pieces of steel were produced, using about

2,500,000 rivets corresponding to 7,300 tons of steel.21
This work of remarkable size, is in terms of detail
almost a watchmaking construction. By designing and
executing with particular precision each piece in the
factory, it made the assembly work very precise, with a
rigor close to the tenth of a millimeter, certainly possible
due to the mathematical calculation. Even when a part
was not sufficiently finished or had a defect, it was not
used in the work but would be returned to the factory
for adjustment or repair.22 In 1889 the tower had a total
height, including the flag pole, of 312.27m. Basically
it had three accessible floors with the first platform
being at 57.63m, the second floor platform at 115.88m
and the third floor platform at 276.13m. To overcome
these altimetry, the tower had 1,665 steps to count
from the ground. By the action of heat, the tower can
reach a dilation up to 18cm and, by the action of wind,
a displacement up to 7cm.23 It is a work executed in
26 months and five days of which 5 months were
dedidated to the foundations. The assembly of the steel
structure began on July 1, 1887, and this meticulous
work involved an average of 250 construction workers Figure 11. Albert de Court-Aprs, la grandeur de loeuvre on mesure
and 150 factory workers. This property is a testimony la grandeur de lhomme, Caricature of Gustave Eiffel on the cover of
of meticulous manufacturing of the elements in process Le Central newspaper, No. 4, 1889.

controlled in industry and without any adjustment or

transformation in the work site, which marked a still
timid way of prefabrication and the use of standard
solutions of products. That universal exhibition was
an event that could be visited during the night, thanks
mainly to the still recent invention of electricity and
its use for illumination through the incandescent lamp
patented by Thomas Edison.24 It was not surprising,
therefore, that on the top the tower it was expected
to place a type of lighthouse, composed of giant
projectors that due to their light power would allow the
illumination of different monuments of the city.
This enterprise is indeed a visionary work, which
extends to the limits the constructive potential of the
time making viable what practically was considered the
dream of doing a work that surpassed a barrier that
seemed almost constructively insurmountable. The
tower is an indelible mark of the industrial strength of a
country, an inescapable testimony of the creative genius
and entrepreneurial capacity of the French people. It
is an example of an accomplice relationship between
science and technology, a remarkable testimony of
ingenuity and art, confirming that architecture is not
always the rudder of engineering, so many times it is
engineering that precipitates and gives new directions
to architecture. As a work it is something that is
permanently at the center of what constitutes one of
the unique human acts, having in time become the
ex-libris of the city of Paris, almost identitary - if not
even identitary - of France itself, which despite all the
contingencies and world conflicts, managed to survive
two major wars.
Curiously, contrary to the efforts of a handful of
intellectuals towards the desistance of the construction
of the Eiffel Tower, it, well past a century after its
conclusion, maintains its profile very visible in the city of
Paris and as at that time the subscribers to the above-
mentioned manifesto stated, by choosing to implement
the tower, foreigners would have reason to make fun of
the French because Paris of the sublime Gothics, Paris
of Jean Goujon, Germain Pilon, Puget, Rude, Barye ,
Etc., would become the Paris of Mr. Eiffel.25
And they were right, Paris became in fact the city of Mr.
Eiffel.

21 Lemoine, Bertrand, Gustave Eiffel, Akal Ediciones, Madrid, 2002, p.100.

22 Lemoine, Bertrand, Gustave Eiffel, Akal Ediciones, Madrid, 2002, p.100.
23 Lemoine, Bertrand, The Eiffel Tower, p. 29.
24 In 1881 the National Electricity Exhibition had taken place in Paris, and it served to
publicize on a large scale the technological advances related to electrical phenomena,
which among other instruments shone the Edison incandescent lamp. 25 Les Artistes Contre la Tour Eiffel in Journal le Temps, 14 February 1887, Paris.

25
metlica international 4 august 2017
 welding
Welding of cold-formed
structural steels
Prof. Altino J. R. Loureiro
DEM, Universidade de Coimbra
Altino.loureiro@dem.uc.pt
Cold deformed hollow profiles are increasingly used
in structural applications [1], with tubular profiles
representing the most important part of this use.
The expansion of this application is related to the
advantages they present, in particular its better
surface finish and dimensional accuracy, which has
aesthetic advantages, its high resistance / weight
ratio, its greater ease of transport, due to the lower
weight and besides that they can be produced in
more complex or welded shapes as the hot-rolled
sections.
However, the application of cold deformed profiles
is sometimes questioned on the ductility of these
structures at low temperature, the deformation capacity
of the welded joints, the weldability of the profiles that
suffered great cold deformation, their fatigue behaviour
and the sensitivity of these structures to cracking during
the hot-dip-zinc-galvanizing process [2].
It may be useful to explain to the reader less familiar
with the characteristics of metal processing which
distinguishes the hot processing of the steel from cold
processing. For example, in the hot rolling of the steel,
a)
Figure 1. Rolling: a) hot; b) cold.
26
metlica international 4 august 2017
Welding of cold-formed structural steels
the material passes between rollers in order to reduce
its thickness, as illustrated in Figure 1 a), generally at
temperature above 750 C. The grains of the steel will
elongate in the rolling direction but, as they remain at
high temperature, they will recrystallize, forming new
undeformed grains, as the same figure illustrates. If
the operation occurs at room temperature the grains of
the material do not recrystallize, remaining plastically
deformed, as shown in Figure 1 b).
This difference in processing entails substantial
differences in the mechanical properties of the
processed steel in one way or another. Figure 2 helps
to understand these differences. The curve shown in
Figure 2 illustrates the tensile behavior of a hot rolled
steel specimen. The steel has a yield stress, marked
by the letter A, in the order of 280 MPa and a strain
at the maximum conventional stress, marked by the
letter C, in the order of 0.15 (15%). If this steel is cold
deformed of 0.05 (5%), the yield strength of the steel
rises to approximately 310 MPa, marked on the image
by the letter B, but the residual plastic deformation
capacity of the steel will be only 0.15 - 0.05 = 0.10 (10
%). That is, the material strength increased but the
ductility decreased. If the steel after plastic deformation
underwent a heat treatment of annealing it will recover
its properties of strength and ductility.
b)
 Tens
200
welding Welding of cold-formed structural steels
100
deformao plstica sofresse um tratamento trmico de recozido recuperava as suas
propriedades de resistncia e ductilidade.
thickness of the 0.05
section. 0.1
Besides,0.15
the heterogeneity
0.2 of
plastic deformation leadsDeformao (mm/mm)
to the formation of residual
400 C
stresses in the profiles, which affect their behaviour,
Tenso (MPa)
B
A Figura 2 Curva tenso / deformao de um ao.
see [4]
300

Na produo de perfis deformados a frio, sejam abertos, geralmente produzidos a p

200 A question that arises frequently is whether the cold
deformao de chapa, ou fechados, fabricados a partir da dobragem e soldadura de ch
deformed profiles can be welded. The issue is logical
por vezes a partir de tubo de seco circular, veja-se a Figura 3, as zonas dos cantos s
100
because the welding will anneal the cold deformed
que sofreram maior deformao plstica, consequentemente maior aumento de resist
profile in the
maior perda de ductilidade. O vicinity
grau de ofdeformao
the weld and, according
nessas to what
zonas ser tanto maior
0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2
Deformao (mm/mm) menor a razo we have
entre o seen
raio above,
de will
curvatura cause
e a recrystallization
espessura do and
elemento. Alm

heterogeneidade reduce
de mechanical
deformao strength
plstica leva informao
that area.
de The standard
tenses residuais nos p
Figure 2. Stress / strain curve of a steel.
Figura 2 Curva tenso / deformao de um ao.
que afeta o seu comportamento, veja-se [4].
Na produo de perfis deformados a frio, sejam abertos, geralmente produzidos a partir da
The cold formed profiles with open hollow section are
deformao de chapa, ou fechados, fabricados a partir da dobragem e soldadura de chapa ou
currently made from cold formed sheet while those
por vezes a partir de tubo de seco circular, veja-se a Figura 3, as zonas dos cantos so zonas
que sofreram maior deformao plstica, consequentemente maior aumento de resistncia e
with closed hollow section, square or rectangular for
maior perda de ductilidade. O grau de deformao nessas zonas ser tanto maior quanto
instance, are fabricated by welding of folded sheet or
menor a razo entre o raio de curvatura e a espessura do elemento. Alm disso a
sometimes
heterogeneidade from circular
de deformao section
plstica leva tube,de
formao see Figure
tenses 3. nos perfis, o
residuais
The corners of these sections suffered greater plastic
que afeta o seu comportamento, veja-se [4].
deformation than the straight parts of the cross section
consequently these zones have greater increase in
strength and greater loss in ductility. The degree of
deformation in these zones will be as greater as the
Figura 3 Perfis de seco aberta ou fechada, obtidos por deformao a frio (adaptado d
Figure 3. Open and closed hollow sections produced by cold
smaller the ratio of the radius of curvature to the forming (adapted from [3]).
Uma questo que se levanta com frequncia se os perfis deformados a frio pod
soldados. A questo lgica, pois a soldadura vai recozer o perfil deformado a
vizinhana da soldadura e, de acordo com o que vimos acima, vai provocar a recristali

reduzir a resistncia mecnica nessa zona. Esse efeito tanto mais marcado quanto m
Figura 3 Perfis de seco aberta ou fechada, obtidos por deformao a frio (adaptado de [3]).
energia adicionada no processo. A norma EN 1993-1-8 [5] estabelece que os perfis defo
Uma questo que se levanta com frequncia se os perfis deformados a frio podem ser
a frio fabricados de acordo com a norma EN 10219 [6] podem ser parcialmente soldado
soldados. A questo lgica, pois a soldadura vai recozer o perfil deformado a frio na
que antes de soldadura tenham sofrido um tratamento trmico de normalizao ou
vizinhana da soldadura e, de acordo com o que vimos acima, vai provocar a recristalizao e
espessura do componente tenha em ateno o rcio raio de deformao / espessura e
reduzir a resistncia mecnica nessa zona. Esse efeito tanto mais marcado quanto maior a
de solicitao (esttica ou dinmica), conforme a tabela 4.2 da norma. Repare-se que a
energia adicionada no processo. A norma EN 1993-1-8 [5] estabelece que os perfis deformados
a frio fabricados de acordo com a norma EN 10219 [6] podem ser parcialmente soldados desde
que antes de soldadura tenham sofrido um tratamento trmico de normalizao ou que a
espessura do componente tenha em ateno o rcio raio de deformao / espessura e o tipo
de solicitao (esttica ou dinmica), conforme a tabela 4.2 da norma. Repare-se que a norma

More Than a Steel Stockist,

Your Business Partner.

www.faf.pt
27
metlica international 4 august 2017
 welding
EN 1993-1-8 [5] states that cold deformed profiles
manufactured in accordance with EN 10219 [6] can be
partially welded provided they have been submitted to
a normalizing heat treatment prior to welding. The cold
formed sections can also be welded if the thickness
of the part does not exceed a defined value taking into
account the ratio between the strain radius to the part
thickness and the type of application (static or dynamic),
according to table 4.2 of the standard. It should be
noted that the standard EN 10219 requires that steels
be of high quality, in particular deoxidized to aluminum,
which guarantees steel structure with fine grain and
good toughness, as referred in [7]. A correction to the
standard EN 1993-1-8 of 2009 allows the total welding,
that is, in the whole cross section, in parts of thickness
up to 12.5 mm. With regard to brittle fracture strength,
standard EN 1993-1-10: 2005 [8] already took into
account the harmful effect of cold plastic deformation.
For this purpose, the reference temperature TED was
used to define the maximum thickness of the part
allowed by equation 1, where ecf is the cold plastic
deformation amount.
Tcf= 3cf oC(1)
More recently a revision to the reference temperature
calculation was proposed and this temperature and
the lowest air temperature are calculated for a specific
time period Tmd [9]. The air temperature is calculated
by equation 2, where DTecf is 35 K higher than the
reference temperature for thicknesses less than 16mm
and 45 K for thicknesses between 16 and 40mm.
Tmd=TEdTcf(2)
As for the structural strength, the cold deformed
profiles have similar performance to the hot rolled
structures in terms of tensile or flexural strength but
lower compressive strength because the residual
stresses may contribute to buckling [10].
As regards reticulated structures or structures subject
to seismic stresses, the use of cold formed profiles or
hot formed profiles is also appropriate [5].
The standard EN 1090-2: 2008 [11] also refers to some
precautions to be observed when working in cold
plastic forming carried out in the factory or in the yard.
The hammering technique for profiling is not permitted
and in the case of tubular parts, the ratio between the
diameter and thickness of the tube must not exceed
15. Furthermore, the radius of curvature must not be
less than 1.5 times the diameter d or d + 100 mm
whichever is greater. On the other hand, in the case of
welded tubes, the weld seam must be located on the
neutral axis in order to reduce strains in the weld.
28
metlica international 4 august 2017
Welding of cold-formed structural steels
A further aspect relates to the possible hydrogen
embrittlement of the cold formed profiles when
subjected to hot dip galvanizing. The causes of the
phenomenon are related to the presence of tensile
residual stresses in the profiles, the susceptibility of
the material, in particular the high ratio between the
yield strength and the tensile strength of the material
and the presence of impurities in the zinc bath [12].
This problem can be avoided when using cold formed
profiles manufactured according to EN 10219, in
particular if the materials are deoxidized with aluminum
[13].
The aspects mentioned above are analyzed in more
detail in the article [14]. This article states that although
the use of cold formed profiles allows for lighter
structures the cost can be up to 33% more expensive
than structures manufactured in hot rolled profiles.
References
[1] https://www.google.pt/?gfe_rd=cr&ei=GRcYWdnPAYfY8geija_
wBg#q=structures+of+cold+formed+hollow+sections
[2] http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/stco.201310013/full
[3] http://www.globalspec.com/reference/78670/203279/chapter-9-cold-
formed-steel-design
[4] Altino J. R. Loureiro, Origins and effects of residual stresses on
welded metallic structures, Metlica, N 2 (2017), 28-31 (English
edition).
[5] EN 1993-1-8 (2005): Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures. Part
1-8: Design of joints.
[6] EN 10219 (2006): Cold formed welded structural hollow sections
of non-alloy and fine grain steels Part 1: Technical delivery
conditions; Part 2: Tolerances, dimensions and sectional
properties.
[7] Altino J. R. Loureiro, Aos estruturais passado, presente e futuro,
Metlica, vol. 38 (2015), 30-32.
[8] EN 1993-1-10:2010 - Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures Part
1-10: Material toughness and through-thickness properties
[9] Ongelin, P., Valkonen, I.: Structural hollow sections. EN 1993
Handbook, Rautaruukki Oyj, Finland 2012.
[10] EN 1993-1-1 (2010): Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures. Part
1-1: General rules and rules for buildings.
[11] EN 1090-2:2008 - Execution of steel structures and aluminium
structures. Technical requirements for steel structures.
[12] Galvanizing structural steelwork An approach to the management
ofliquid metal-assisted cracking. BCSA & GA Publication No. 40/05,
1st Ed.,British Constructional Steelwork Association & Galvanizers
Association, London, 2005.
[13] Ritakallio, P. O.: Cold-formed high-strength tubes for structural
applications. Steel Construction, 5 (2012), No. 3, pp. 158-167.
[14] Boris Androic, Darko Dujmovic, Josip Pikovic, Application of cold
formed hollow steel sections, GRAEVINAR 66 (2014) 10, 929-934.
STRUCTURE
EQUIPMENTS

4.0
INDUSTRY

Leader in Research, Development and

Innovation, DAVI owns several Patents
to lead the rolling industry.

Plate roll

a v y d u t y
The he
BENDIN
G & ROLLI
NG MA CHINES

Bending machines

Angle roll
 great works of steel construction in brazil
The Use of Lattice Steel Space
Systems in Relevant Projects of
the Civil Construction Market in
Brazil
J.G. Santos da Silva*, M.H.O. Costa, G.L. Debona
Post-graduation program in Civil Engineering, PGECIV.
Department of structures and foundations, ESTR.
University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, UERJ.
E-mail: jgss@uerj.br*; miguel.o@gmail.com; gilvanld@yahoo.com.br
1. Introduction
Currently, there is a worldwide trend in the construction
industry with regard to the use of structural steel lattice
systems for the representation of permanent and
temporary structural elements of structural systems in
civil engineering, such as footbridges, viaducts, bridges,
etc., aiming at reducing costs and also the deadlines
for the execution of works [1-6]. Thus, the use of these
steel lattice structural systems, with high resistance to
static design loads, has grown exponentially in Brazil,
especially for use in systems with large free spans [1-2].
In addition to the economic criterion, other factors that
decisively influence the choice of the steel lattice as a
structural solution concern the architectural freedom,
since they allow large spans and heights and also the
simplification in the execution of the work in terms
of shoring, the manufacture of space covers, widely
used in large convention centers or exhibitions, lattice
bridges and large steel towers, to meet the demand
of electricity and telephone companies. Despite the
advantages presented, as in any other choice of
construction system, some precautions must be taken
in order for the lattice system to exhibit adequate
behavior [1-6].
In this sense, the lattice space system offers simple,
safe and economical solutions, recommended, for
example, to act as a shoring system for structures
with large free spans and subjected to high levels of
loading. The use of space trusses is not restricted only
to the structural system involved (footbridges, viaducts,
bridges, etc.), but also to the safety character and
also the increasing need to reduce the useful spaces
currently used in construction sites . The use of this
space system as a shoring system for a structural
30
metlica international 4 august 2017
The Use of Lattice Steel Space Systems
element at a high height allows, for example, the
release of the area directly below the element, ensuring
the safety of those involved in the civil construction
process, as well as contributing to the release of useful
areas for storing work material [1-2].
It should be noted that one of the great advances in
the processes used in civil construction and structural
restoration in Brazil, in numerous projects of bridges,
viaducts and works of art, has been the use of shoring
systems based on the use of lattice space systems
(6-9), which resist and absorb the stresses of steel and
reinforced concrete structures performed in loco. It is
also worth noting that the possibility of overcoming
large free spans, over rivers, viaducts and construction
sites, as well as the non-interruption of street and road
traffic, justify and intensify the need to use this type of
structural system.
2. Use of the lattice space system in relevant works
At the present time, steel lattice space systems are on
the rise in the Brazilian civil construction market due to
its characteristics to overcome large free spans and to
absorb high levels of loading, of extreme importance
for structural engineering, presenting itself as a rational
solution, efficient and economical design in the main
construction works, especially in the case of bold and
complex works [10].
It should be noted that the main advantages of using
space trusses are: the good relationship between the
weight of the structure and the span of the truss;
Easy transportation; Manufacturing and assembly, with
reduced self-weight elements; Easy disassembly and
 great works of steel construction in brazil The Use of Lattice Steel Space Systems

expansion for temporary structures; Great repetition of

elements and nodes for large spans, reducing the cost
of the structure compared to the others; Architectural
beauty and flexibility in the position of the collumns.
Currently, 90% of the Brazilian production of lattice
systems is made of steel, facing the tubes of circular
section, contrary to the initial imposition of the market,
since the first trusses were made of aluminum [1-2].

The use of lattice space systems extends the working

area of the construction site, reducing the incidence of
material in the shoring of the structural systems and
also providing large areas for storage and / or work
on the site. In the field of civil construction, the use
of lattice structures, flat and spatial, for the shoring
of permanent or temporary structural elements has
been chosen as an increasingly widespread option for
application in structural engineering, given the need for
technical development and also aiming at minimizing
costs and execution deadlines. This structural system
has the capacity to use in large free spans, high
Figure 1. Mast of the Ponte Paulo Guerra in Recife/PE [10].
absorption capacity of the static loads of the shored
structures, as light as the conventional trusses,

Model, Fabricate and Erect All

Steel Structures Faster and
with Better Quality
Working with the detailed, constructible
Tekla model minimizes costly surprises
and rework and allows more profitable
projects with total process optimization.

Tekla models contain everything needed for

fabrication and construction, including welds.

Tekla Structures is powerful and flexible software

for structural steel detailers and fabricators.
You can create a detailed, constructible 3D BIM
model of any steel structure from everyday
industrial and commercial buildings to stadiums For more information, see www.construsoft.com
and high rise buildings. or reach us, at +351 214 218 574

31
metlica international 4 august 2017
 great works of steel construction in brazil
Figure 2. Viaduct over the Immigrants Avenue in So Paulo/SP [10].
supported by the structural analysis methods (linear and
nonlinear), already well established [6-9].
The use of lattice systems in highly complex structures
has become a habit acquired in recent years in Brazil,
due to its economy in terms of materials and global
cost, using this system in works such as bridges,
viaducts and even in structures of great architectural
complexity [1-2]; [6-9]. The case studies described in
the text summarize some important examples of large
works carried out in Brazil, based on the use of lattice
space systems [10].
In this sense, it should be noted that the expressway
built on the mangrove in the city of Recife / PE,
promotes sanitation, housing and urbanization
throughout the mangrove of Recife. One of the
technical challenges of the road complex of 4.4 km is
the execution of a particular section that has a mast
with 68.4 meters of height and steel ties with 97
meters of length. The support of the four parabolic
pillars in the construction phase was made through
temporary steel lattice structures. These structures
support the weight of concreting and post-concreting
until the execution of the head of the stais that
stabilize the mast structurally. The steel trussed gantry,
with over 20 m, of length extends to the top of the
building giving strength and support to the pillars on
the diagonals, as well as mitigating and controlling the
displacements of the pillars, providing access for people
and machines of the work line, as shown in Figure 1.
In 2007, the Dr. Joo Amrico de Andrade Martins
clover was built in So Paulo, which connects SP-160
(Immigrant Highway) with SP-041 (Interconnection), at
km 41 of SP-160, in the municipality of So Bernardo
do Campo / SP. As an important route of vehicle traffic
and product transportation in the state of So Paulo,
the Immigrant Highway needed an access link to the
SP-041, evidently without interruption of vehicle traffic
in the construction phase. The structural solution
found was to assembly a series of steel trusses on the
32
metlica international 4 august 2017
The Use of Lattice Steel Space Systems
highway totaling 120 tonnes of steel to support the
structural system of the viaducts, with an amount of
around 1700 tonnes of concrete, without interruption of
vehicle traffic, according to Figure 2.
The southeastern axis of the Tiradentes express corridor
of the So Paulos railroad company has had since
2007 the Sacom bus station of line 2 (green line).
The terminal has 12,600 m of built area divided in 3
floors, it has many oval-shaped steel structures with
non-apparent beams that give amplitude to the site for
terminal users. For the execution of the project, special
trusses were used to erect the shoring of the top floor
and the mezzanines, allowing the free circulation of
vehicles and equipment around the work site, with
spans of about of 29.3 meters. In total, the 16 meter
long spans totaled about 300 tons of steel equipment
in the construction phase of the terminal, according to
Figure 3.
In June 2010, a footbridge, whose architectural
project was designed by the architect Oscar Niemeyer
was built in the shantytown of Rocinha, the largest
shantytown in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The
footbridge cost about R $ 15 million reais and connects
the existing sports complex with the community, having
started in that year, the Olympic plan for the Olympic
Games in Rio de Janeiro (Rio 2016). With a total length
of 60 meters the footbridge has an arch that reaches
Figure 3. Lattice shoring in the Terminal Tiradentes in Sacom,
So Paulo/SP [10].
 great works of steel construction in brazil The Use of Lattice Steel Space Systems

a height of 20 meters and was completely designed in

apparent concrete. However, giving support to this bold
architectural and structural project, it was necessary to
use temporary structural systems that would provide
security, speed and maintain the free traffic, quite
intense in this region, for access to the Lagoa-Barra
highway, a route of great importance for the city. The
structural solution adopted for the shoring of the work
was supported by the use of robust towers at the ends
of a steel lattice system. It should be noted that the
trussed space system gained spans up to 44 meters in
length and enabled the execution of an important work
Figure 4. Pedestrian walkway located in Favela da Rocinha in Rio
of art for the state of Rio de Janeiro, which consumed a
de Janeiro/RJ [10].
total volume of 90 tons of steel for shoring and access,
as can be seen in Figure 4.
Red Line. With a total cost of R $ 62 million reais, the
In February 2012, in the university city of the Federal imposing pylon of 92 meters high and 780 meters
University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), located on the long is a postcard of the city of Rio de Janeiro. For
Island of Fundo, the Ponte do Saber was opened to the execution of the imposing mast, climbing systems
vehicle traffic. This work of art has a very bold structural based on corbel steel beams for the support of the
and architectural design and makes a connection aluminum frames, which were adapted to a continuous
between a UFRJ and the mainland, more precisely change of the vertical geometry. However, the biggest
by means of the expressway RJ-071 or President challenge was the execution of the stretch of 40-meter
Joo Goulart, popularly known in Rio de Janeiro as and 1200-ton of concrete exactly over the Red Line

BULLONI-SOC.COMP. DE FIXAO, LDA. | Rua das Cavadas, 427 4435-648 Baguim do Monte - Portugal | Tel. +351 229774310 | Fax. +351 229774319 | geral@bulloni.org

33
metlica international 4 august 2017
 great works of steel construction in brazil
artery of traffic. It is worth noting that in order to
sustain and absorb the system design loads in the
construction phase, without needing to permanently
interrupt the vehicle traffic, steel space lattice systems
were used, creating a total weight of about 250 tons
of steel sections, as a solution found for shoring and
construction of the structural system, as shown in
different angles in Figures 5 and 6.
One of the most common methods for building
bridges and viaducts with large spans is the method
of successive balances. In February 2012, the viaduct
baptized as the University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos
(Unisinos), liberated access to the federal road that
cuts Rio Grande do Sul / RS, with a final cost of R $ 37
million. The viaduct is 120 meters long, 26 meters wide
and approximately 5,600 tons, and was executed on the
basis of the use of the successive balancing system,
with spans of 4 meters, made through 4 lines of steel
space trusses that were fixed to the previous stave of
concrete, in order to execute the stretch immediately
ahead. It should be noted that the steel lattice system
used in this work supports about 160 tons of concrete,
with a total weight of approximately 70 tons of steel
between trusses and rolled sections, as shown in
Figure 7.
Figure 5. Lattice steel shoring system used in the Ponte do Saber
over de Red Line in Rio de Janeiro/RJ [10].
Figure 6. Shoring system and construction of the viaduct of the
Ponte do Saber over de Red Line in Rio de Janeiro/RJ [10].
34
metlica international 4 august 2017
The Use of Lattice Steel Space Systems
Figure 7. Construction system of the Viaduto Unisinos located in
So Leopoldo/RS [10].
The mobility consortium of the Bahia / BA subway
expanded the companys field of activity based on
line 2 of the Salvador subway, in the newest stations
under construction, especially a footbridge with a
high flow of people (footbridge of the Imbu subway
station). The site in question only had an old footbridge
with a different layout and flow in relation to the new
construction concept. Thus, a temporary footbridge
was installed in the site, based on the use of steel
space lattice systems, free span of 36.3 meters. This
structural solution perfectly met the requirements of
a large flow of people at the subway station of Imbu
(Salvador / BA), without interfering with human comfort,
especially at peak times, as can be seen in Figure 8.
In the city of Curitiba / PR, is located the football
stadium, Joaquim Amrico Guimares, or as commonly
known in the city, football stadium of the Club Atltico
Paranaense (CAP). The CAP modernization reform was
delivered in May 2014 just in time to meet the demand
for FIFA World Cup matches in Brazil in 2014. The
42,370 seats at this football stadium cost about R $
392 million and are under a monumental 4,512-ton
retractable roof, supported by two simply supported
steel trusses that have a length of 196 meters of span
(logitudinal span) and that pass from one axis to the
other mentioned stadium, as can be seen in Figure 9.
Figure 8. Footbridge of the subway station of Imbu in Salvador/BA
[10].
 great works of steel construction in brazil
Figure 9. Footbal Stadium Covergae of the CAO in the city of Curitiba/PR [10].
3. Final considerations
This technical article has as main objective the approach
of a growing tendency in the Brazilian market for steel
structures, in relation to the current use of steel lattice
space systems for the structural solution of relevant
works in Brazil. These steel lattice systems have proven
to be lighter and more economical when compared
to other systems already known in Brazil. It should
be noted that the use of these steel lattice structural
systems, with high resistance to the design loads, has
been growing exponentially in Brazil, especially for the
use in systems with large free spans. In addition to
the economic question, other factors that influence
the choice of the steel lattice as a structural solution,
concern the architectural freedom, since it allows
large spans and heights; and also simplification in
the execution of the work (shoring, space coverings,
bridges, steel towers, etc.). Currently, this system
is present in practically all large special works of
art in Brazil, presenting itself as a great solver of
structural problems, in the most distinct ways possible,
presenting an enormous potential of growth over the
years and proving to be in the near future a relevant and
growing trend of the Brazilian construction market.
The Use of Lattice Steel Space Systems
4. References
[1] Costa, M.H.O.; Modelagem do comportamento estrutural de
sistemas treliados espaciais para escoramentos de estruturas de
ao, concreto e mistas (ao-concreto). Masters dissertation in
Civil Engineering. University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ).
2012.
[2] Costa, M.H.O.; Avaliao terico-experimental do comportamento
estrutural de sistemas treliados espaciais. PhD Thesis in Civil
Engineering. University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ).
2017.
[3] Alinia, M.M.; Kashizadeh, S.; Effect of flexibility of substructures
upon thermal behaviour of spherical double layer space truss
domes. Part II: Gradient & partial loading. Journal of Constructional
Steel Research. Vol. 62 (7), p. 631-738, 2006.
[4] Iwicki, P. Sensitivity analysis of critical forces of trusses with side
bracing. Journal of Constructional Steel Research. Vol. 66 (7), p.
923-930, 2010.
[5] Kazuhiro, M.; Shunichi, N.; Akihiro, M.; Progressive collapse
analysis of steel truss bridges and evaluation of ductility. Journal
of Constructional Steel Research. Vol. 78, p. 192-200, 2012.
[6] Pinheiro, L.; Silveira, R.A. da M.; Anlise da estabilidade elstica
de trelias espaciais. Magazine Escola de Minas (REM). Vol. 57 (2),
p. 85-92, 2004.
[7] Silva, J.G.S. da; Costa, M.H.O.; Modelagem do comportamento
estrutural de sistemas treliados espaciais para escoramento de
estruturas de ao, concreto e mistas (ao-concreto). Metlica
Magazine: Magazine of the Portuguese Steelwork association, Vol.
38, p. 8-16. 2015.
[8] Costa, M.H.O.; Silva, J.G.S. da; Andrade, S.A.L. de; Avaliao
crtica sobre o comportamento estrutural de sistemas treliados
espaciais utilizados para o escoramento de estruturas de ao,
concreto e mistas (ao-concreto). XXXVII Ibero-Latin American
Congress on Computational Methods in Engineering (CILAMCE
2016), Braslia/DF, Brasil, Vol. 1, p. 1-19. 2016.
[9] Betim, W.A.P.; Andrade, S.A.L. de; Silva, J.G.S. da; Estudo do
comportamento estrutural de trelias de ao em forma de arco
utilizadas no projeto de coberturas protendidas. XXXVII Ibero-Latin
American Congress on Computational Methods in Engineering
(CILAMCE 2016), Braslia/DF, Brasil, Vol. 1, p. 1-18. 2016.
[10] Site of the company Mills. Available in: http://www.mills.com.br/.
Accessed in: May 2017.
35
metlica international 4 august 2017
 training courses and events

CMM Technical Training 2017

CMM followed its technical training plan for 2017 under the general
theme of steel and composite construction.

Fatigue of Steel Bridges. It will take place from

September 25 to 27, in Lisbon and will be coordinated
by Prof. Lus Borges from Structurame. This courses
main objective is to provide the necessary knowledge
and tools to design a bridge structure so that it
doesnt have fatigue issues during its useful life;

Fire Design of steel and composite structures.

Scheduled for 29 and 30 September, in Lisbon, with
Professor Aldina Santiago from UC as coordinator.
Group of trainees and trainers of the Training Course on Design of
The aim of this course is to present the EN 1991-1-2,
Offshore Structures EN 1993-1-2 and EN 1994-1-2 standards, preparing
the trainees for the Design of steel and composite
The course Training Course on Design of Offshore structures subject to the action of fire.
Structures, promoted by the University of Coimbra and
CMM, was held from 16 to 19 May, and aims to provide Structural Glass Facades: From sketch to the
knowledge on the design of steel elements in offshore final construction. It will take place on 9, 10 and
structures through Identification of the main actions, 11 November, in Lisbon. The course is coordinated
description of the steel material used in offshore by Prof. Sandra Jordo from the University of
structures and the most relevant characteristics of the Coimbra, and will have as speakers Prof. Sandra
maritime operations. Jordo, Prof. Filipe Santos, from the New University
of Lisbon, Prof. Jens Henrik Nielsen from the
This course is coordinated by Professor Lus Simes da
Technical University of Denmark, Prof. Daniel
Silva from the UC, and the speakers are Prof. Constana
Aelenei of the New University of Lisbon, and Eng.
Rigueiro, Prof. Joo Pedro Martins, Prof. Nuno Simes,
Pedro Rodrigues from Martifer. This course aims
Prof. Jos Paulo Almeida, Prof. Altino Loureiro, all from
the University of Coimbra, Eng. Jeremy de Barbarn to characterize the properties of the material and
from Subsea 7, Eng. Patrick Chopelin from Manta associated products, detail on technological and
Energies from the Seas, Eng. Joo Azevedo, Marketing production aspects of the material and associated
Director of Sherwin-Williams Protective and Marine products, perspective on the regulation and existing
Coatings Division - EMEA Region, and Eng. Carlos design recommendations, design by finite elements
Ferreira from CSI Portugal & CSI Spain. Abaqus) of structural elements and glass connections,
the physics of buildings applied to structural
This years training plan includes four new courses: glass faades, presentation of relevant examples
(case studies) regarding design, architecture,
Structural Glass: From sketch to the final
production, construction, rehabilitation, sustainability,
construction. It will take place on 21 and 22
September in Lisbon, with the coordination of technological aspects and innovative solutions,
Professor Sandra Jordo from the University of practical examples, and study visit
Coimbra and as speakers Prof. Sandra Jordo, Eng.
Pedro Rodrigues from Martifer and Prof. Chiara
Bedon from the University of Trieste. This course
aims to characterize the properties of the material
and associated products, detail on technological and
production aspects of the material and associated
products, perspective on the regulation and
existing design recommendations, design by finite
elements (Abaqus) of structural elements and glass
connections, presentation of relevant examples
(case studies) regarding design, architecture,
production, construction, rehabilitation, sustainability,
technological aspects and innovative solutions,
practical examples and a study visit
Eng. Jeremy de Barbarn from Subsea 7

36
metlica international 4 august 2017
 training courses and events

Portugal Steel Activities

2017

Discussing the potential of Steel Construction for

sustainability and assessing the lifecycle of steel
construction solutions were some of the topics
discussed at the conference Steel Construction
and Sustainability?, the first Steel Talk of 2017. The
conference was organized by CMM in partnership with
the Cluster Sustainable Habitat, within the framework of
this project, and was held on May 10 at the University
of Coimbra - Department of Civil Engineering.
Sustainable Development is nowadays an essential
issue, with implications in all sectors of our society. The
construction industry plays a key role in the goals of
sustainable development, not only by contributing to the
global economy, but also due to the significant impacts
in both environmental and social terms.
Dionisio Moreira, Metalogalva
It was within this context that CMM joined the Cluster
Sustainable Habitat (being its founding member) to
organize this conference, which intended to discuss the
contribution of steel construction to sustainability and
prove that this option is a bet to take into account, not
only due to the use of sustainable materials but also to
the energy efficiency of this type of construction.
According to Professor Lus Simes da Silva, President
of CMM, Steel construction companies in recent

LEADING BY
QUALITY
SPECIAL CUTTING SERVICE FOR PROFILES, PLATES AND TUBES

WAREHOUSE: MAIA, PALMELA, GUARDA, VILA REAL

TECHNICAL CATALOGS AT: WWW.JSCORREIA.PT T. 351 229 865 700 F. 351 229 8651791 JSC@JSOARESCORREIA.PT

37
metlica international 4 august 2017
 training courses and events
Professor Romeu Vicente, Univ. of Aveiro
years have registered an annual increase in values of
more than 20% per year, reinforcing the recognition by
the national and international markets of quality of the
national industry.
This growth rate will continue to increase in the
coming years because sustainable solutions such as
steel construction are increasingly necessary, as they
allow the reuse of the raw material and consequent
reduction of ore extraction. This is a great contribution
of this industry in environmental and economic terms,
reinforces Professor Lus Simes da Silva.
The second Steel talk, Urban Rehabilitation - The
Steel Construction Solution was held on May 27
in partnership with the Order of Architects North
Regional Section, to discuss the importance of urban
rehabilitation in the future of cities and demonstrate the
Round table
Antnio Pedro, Metalogalva
38
metlica international 4 august 2017
contributions of the steel construction for the recovery
of the building.
Taking into account that one third of Portuguese
buildings are degraded and need urban rehabilitation
interventions in terms of the recovery and reuse of
resources and equipment already built, it is increasingly
important to discuss the various solutions available.
Steel construction is one of these options, since
these companies are equipped with skills that allow
them to provide a more sustainable response to urban
rehabilitation, particularly with regard to the ease of
adaptation to the requirements of urban areas with
reduced access and space.
In this context, steel construction companies, despite
having a sustained export value, can find in urban
rehabilitation a way of increasing their business
internally, in a period in which new construction and
public works are still less than expected.
Adriana Floret
According to Professor Lus Simes da Silva, President
of CMM, This conference seeks to demonstrate the
contribution of steel construction, which is structurally
more efficient and lighter, for the challenge of Urban
Rehabilitation and to discuss the potential of using
steel in architecture, by inviting the most prestigious
national architects to promote their work and theoretical
production.
During this period, two seminars were also held in the
strategy of approaching and sensitizing students of
civil and mechanical engineering, the first being held at
the University of Coimbra - Department of Mechanical
Engineering on April 26, and the second at the IST on
May 8.
Follow the agenda of the events of Portugal Steel at
www.portugalsteel.com
 training courses and events

XI Conference
on Steel and Composite Construction

XI CONFERENCE STEEL ON

AND COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION

SPECIAL THEME
THE NEW GENERATION OF EUROCODES

23 and 24 NOVEMBER 2017

iParque Coimbra - PORTUGAL
www.cmm.pt/congresso11

In the year of the 20th anniversary, CMM - Portuguese Steelwork Association

promotes the XI Conference on Steel and Composite Construction. The conference
will take place on 23 and 24 November 2017, at Coimbra iParque, this edition
dedicated to the special theme The new generation of eurocodes.

The Conference follows the success of the previous

editions of the Conference on Steel and Composite
Copyrights: Alain Dumortier, Greisch Ingnierie SA. Fundao Louis Vuitton, Paris

Construction and responds to its mission to promote

the use of steel in construction and the dissemination Professor Ryoichi Kanno, keynote
of scientific knowledge and innovation in the steel Overview and recent advances in steel
structures and materials in Japan
construction sector at national and international level, by
organizing another edition of the Conference on Steel
and Composite Construction.

The CMM conferences bring designers, companies

and researchers together in a single space, with the
participation of renowned national and international Ing. Luca Buzzoni, keynote Allianz Tower
in Milan: a steel and composite structure
speakers. The XI Conference on Steel and Composite
Construction, has the following confirmed keynote
speakers.

Professor Peter Collin, (title of the lecture

to be confirmed)

Professor Ulrike KUHLMANN, keynote

Next generation of Eurocode 3 Evolution
by improvements and harmonization
Professor Bert Snijder, keynote Recent
developments regarding the next version
of Eurocode 3 part 1-1 on steel structures.
The program of the XI Conference will include the
seminar Purest - Promotion of new Eurocode rules
for structural stainless steel, where there will be a
presentation of new design tools for Structural Stainless
Steel, as the new 4th edition of the design manual for
structural stainless steel; And EC3 Apps stainless steel
calculator. The seminar will have as speakers Professor
Aldina Santiago, Professor Joel Cunha from the UC ,
and Professor Nancy Badoo from SCI, United Kingdom.

39
metlica international 4 august 2017
 training courses and events

With the firm aim of disseminating the latest Themes for submitting papers:
innovations in the field of this type of construction
and giving the guidelines of research in this field, Architecture and Steel
encouraging the exchange of experiences, the
Steel and composite bridges
Conference has a special focus on achievements,
technology and products, hoping to contribute actively
Energy efficiency and sustainability of steel buildings
to the development of knowledge and the use of steel
in Portugal and to increase the competitiveness of Industrialized solutions for building construction
companies in the sector.
Great works
As in the last editions, the XI Conference on Steel
and Composite Construction is composed of several Structural safety and performance of new materials and
products
sessions running in parallel:

Execution and quality management of steel construction

Lectures and Scientific and Technical Sessions held
during the 2 days of the Conference and where the Steel construction in the oil and mining industry and in the
main international players in the steel construction production of renewable energy
industry are present;

Technical exhibition, where the companies sponsoring CMM once again takes an active position in the
the event demonstrate what they do best in this development and promotion of the national steel
sector. construction sector, expecting that this event will once
again meet market needs and reach the high degree of
acceptance and success of previous editions.

The participation in the Congress allows the best papers

to be selected for publication in CE/Papers Digital
XI CONFERENCE STEEL ON
Scientific Library from Wiley Online Library.
AND COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION
For more details, you can access
SPECIAL THEME
www.cmm.pt/congresso11.
THE NEW GENERATION OF EUROCODES

23 and 24 NOVEMBER 2017

iParque Coimbra - PORTUGAL
www.cmm.pt/congresso11

Gold Sponsors

Silver Sponsors
Copyrights: Alain Dumortier, Greisch Ingnierie SA. Fundao Louis Vuitton, Paris

Other Sponsors

40
metlica international 4 august 2017
 publications highlight

Shear connection in
composite flexural members of
steel and concrete

EN 1994-1-1 classifies merely ductile and non-ductile

This document aims at presenting a unified theory on
composite behaviour of flexural members made of
components with different material properties. While
the applicability of the theory is general, its best
use will be in explaining background for the design
considerations of composite beams of steel and
concrete presented in EN 1994 standards. Although
the flexural members dealt with in detail in EN 1994-1-1
include only the ordinary composite beams where the
concrete section is supported on the top flange of the
steel section, it is shown that composite interaction
will develop in any flexural members having connection
interfaces where longitudinal shear flow resisting
slipping is able to act. This concerns also beams where
concrete decking, e.g. consisting of hollow core units,
is integrated with the supporting beam on its bottom
flange or its outward extended ledges.
(brittle) shear connections, but a more detailed
classification presented in this document is based on
the shear-slip properties, which allows for consideration
of hardening, plastic and softening connection types.
A theory developed for slip deformations of shear
connection is applicable for both full and partial shear
connections. Using the connection stiffness parameters,
their effect on the composite bending stiffness in the
serviceability conditions is presented and in the inelastic
state of flexural stresses, estimation for the maximum
slip can be evaluated. With the aid of parameters
developed, it is also possible to study the effects of
quasi-static and fatigue loading on the bending stiffness
of composite beams where the stud shear connection
is deteriorating due to load cycling.
Disponivel brevemente

A D O O R T H AT O P E N S
FOR THE SOLUTION OF YOUR PROJECTS

BONDED WAREHOUSE METAL

IN/OUT PACKAGING

INDUSTRIAL LOGISTICS CONTAINER

AND TRANSPORT TERMINAL

irons...force and temper

ferrinha.com
info@ferrinha.com 91 222 10 70

INDUSTRIAL LOGISTICS 2000 m2 STORAGE TERMINAL OF CONTAINERS AND OF GENERAL CARGO, OPEN SPACE CONSOLIDATION AND
DESCONSOLIDATION OF GOODS IN CONTAINERS/TRUCKS DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY OF COMPLEXES INDUSTRIES TURNKEY PROJECT SALE
AND RENT OF ALL TYPES OF CONTAINERS, NORMAL, SPECIAL, REFRIGERATORS AND OTHERS RENTAL OF VARIOUS LOADING EQUIPMENT
AND STACKERS OF 0.70T TO 40T TRUCKS CRANES LARGE DIMENSIONS, NORMAL AND SPECIAL TRANSPORT

41
metlica international 4 august 2017
 cmm
cmm members
The process of galvanizing in the countries
of central Europe is widely used because
it is a process with low initial cost and low
maintenance throughout the useful life of
the structure.
Make a brief presentation of Galvaza.
Galvaza, an investee of VigentGroup SGPS, SA, founded
in 2003, develops its activity in the area of hot
dip
galvanizing.
The anti-corrosion process of galvanizing, characterized
by a metallurgical connection between the steel of a
piece to be galvanized and the zinc, more precisely
by the immersion of the piece in molten zinc at about
450C, gives products made of steel a corrosion
resistance which it is not possible by any other process,
which is a complement of quality and durability.
Equipped with a modern hot dip galvanizing unit
where, besides galvanizing the products of its own
manufacture, its main focus is the provision of hot dip
galvanizing services to the external customer, with
an installed capacity of 60.000 ton/year, being able
to process pieces with the maximum dimensions of
12500x2250x3000mm [LxWxH] and a maximum weight
of 8.000kg.
It also performs galvanizing by centrifugation at about
530C 10C of different types of parts: fastening
elements, pins, accessories, screws, nuts, washers,
nails, chains, clamps, hinges, accessories for pavilions
and scaffolding and hardware in general. With an
installed capacity of 1200 ton/year, being able to
process parts up to 10kg.
In what areas has Galvaza stood out?
Galvaza has stood out mainly in the Galvanization of
heavy and light steel structures for buildings, scaffolding
and formwork for the construction area, cisterns and
42
metlica international 4 august 2017
members highlight
Eng. Mrio Ferreira
Director of Galvanization and Painting Department
all the material with the most different typologies and
purposes, as long as we can serve the client with the
experience of the Group acquired over 50 years in this
line of business.
How is Galvaza different from its competitors?
Galvaza differentiates itself by the product and
services provided to the customer, which confers a
competitive advantage, namely in the provision of an
honest and responsible service, of high quality, capable
of fulfilling the purposes for which they are intended
and in compliance with the normative specifications
at the National and International level, focused on
creating value and business sustainability among all
stakeholders.
It is also distinguished by high availability and flexibility,
one of its main focuses is to make a made-to-
measure for all our partners, meeting their needs. The
project of our clients is our project. The success of our
customers is our success.
Galvaza has a differentiating factor due to the financial
strength of the group that integrates it and the
incorporation of knowledge of the steelwork area of the
group that already has almost 50 years of experience,
and with a recently strong presence in the international
market.
What outstanding projects distinguish Galvazas
work?
The work of Galvaza is adapted to all the projects that
distinguish the work of our clients. The projects that
 cmm
distinguish us, range from the customer who entrusts
us a small piece, to the great national and international
players who trust us for projects of more than
1000ton.
What future challenges await Galvaza?
Galvazas future challenges are the same as all partners
working in this sector.
At present, the metallurgical and steelwork sector
is the one that exports the most in the Portuguese
industry. Its overseas income has grown about a third
in the last five years, with growth expected to continue
at the same pace. The position of Galvaza, being a
supplier of a service widely used in the steelworking
industry, is to accompany and help our clients in their
growth and projection. For that, Galvaza remains at the
forefront of technology, both at the level of product
requirements and at the process level. Our commitment
to our partners is that if we are competitive they are
competitive.
How do you see the current state of the steel and
composite construction market?
It is a growing market with the capacity to have a more
extensive national and international projection than the
current one, with greater intensity at the international
level. The globalization of the market has opened doors
in which, in order to meet the required level, we must
follow the path according to what was implemented
a few years ago: innovation, quality, process
improvement, deadlines and competitive prices.
The present and future challenges are based on these
procedures.
Will the survival of the sector depend on
cooperation between the various competitors, or
in a competition capable of raising and overcoming
the most competitive players?
When it comes to survival, the idea that comes to me
is competition - but a healthy, honest competition that
respects the rules of the market and work. Wanting
more, being prepared, having resources, know-how
and capable human capital are the main factors that will
distinguish the most competitive players. Therefore,
those who work better or are better prepared to work
outside the comfort zone are those who will be, more
quickly, more competitive and more outstanding.
Galvaza and its customers consider that a system of
quality, environment and occupational health and safety
management is fundamental, and is therefore certified
in the standards ISO 9001, 14001 and OHSAS 18001.
It also has DASt Guideline 022 certification, important
standard for the compulsory galvanization in the German
market.
The process of galvanizing in the countries of central
Europe is widely used because it is a process with
members highlight
low initial cost and low maintenance throughout the
useful life of the structure. Portuguese companies by
producing and galvanizing in Portugal become more
competitive since the costs of galvanization in countries
like France or Germany are 10 to 15% higher compared
to the Portuguese market.
In my perspective, cooperation and competition are
intrinsically linked to survival and, as such, must be
integrated into the same philosophy.
What are Galvazas objectives for 2017?
Galvazas objectives include market leadership,
profitability, customer loyalty, growth, operational
efficiency and performance, employee commitment,
quality policies and social responsibility.
They are ambitious goals, a solid vision for the future,
all capable of continuous improvement, which, with our
commitment and our customers, will all be achievable.
How do you perceive the CMM role in the national
context of the steel and composite construction
sector?
CMM has played a very interventive role and done an
excellent job in disseminating the latest innovations and
achievements in this type of construction.
It has contributed to the promotion, consolidation
and expansion of the sector, giving priority to the
exchange of ideas and experiences among the various
stakeholders in the design and execution of steel and
composite structures, as well as the dissemination/
promotion of its members at national and international
level.
We need something like this, keep up with the good
work!
In what foreign markets does Galvaza intend to act?
Galvazas target markets are the same as our
customers, so it is up to us to respond to the
challenges to give our customers a service that will help
them thrive. For this we have a policy of investment
and intense training, a policy inherited from the Vigent
Group, which helps us to be more comfortable when
requested for foreign markets and their requirements.
The groups current management has also done a
remarkable job, not only at the level of affirmation in the
national market but also in the market across borders.
We know that the European market is more demanding,
but with the experience gained, we are responding to
the challenges in a positive way, not only in Europe, but
also in Asia, Africa and America.
43
metlica international 4 august 2017
 cmm
cmm members
Tecofix is constantly in the
process of adapting to the market
in order to respond to all future
challenges.
Make a brief presentation of TECOFIX.
TECOFIX, S.A., is a company dedicated to the
commercialization of equipment and fastening
products. Throughout its 35 years of existence, we
have proven to our customers that we follow and lead
the requirements of market evolution and their needs,
presenting the best solutions in the commercialization
of equipment and fastening material, and providing
after sales technical assistance to the commercialized
equipment, as well as a great technical support.
This is how we we assume a position of reference in
the market for Fastenings, Electrical Tools, Lifting, EPIs,
among many other categories, constantly looking for
the maximum satisfaction of our customers offering
quality products and services. We are proud to be, year
after year, distinguished with the PME Excellence and
PME Lder Awards, which prove the solidity and the
ability to serve in such a demanding market.
In addition to all the brands we distribute, we are
exclusive representatives of SPIT (electrical tools,
mechanical and chemical fastenings, gas and powder
fastenings, FACAL (lifting systems), KF (lubricating
sprays, industrial cleaning and maintenance) and
AGATEC Laser levelling).
We are aware of the complexity and requirement of the
fastening market. Therefore, we are constantly making
44
metlica international 4 august 2017
members highlight
Emanuel Pereira
CEO of Tecofix SA
efforts to find prompt and immediate responses to the
needs and challenges of our customers.
In what areas has TECOFIX stood out?
Throughout the last years, and with the great changes
that the market has been having, Tecofix is in constant
adaptation to its customers, resulting from the plurality
of their work. Working close to the client is required
so that we can respond quickly to their needs. That is
why we have been expanding our range of products,
mainly related to compliance with the regulations that
are emerging.
As a result of the expansion of our range and market
know-how, we have been increasing our relationship
with clients in the area of Steel Construction, steel
work, civil locksmith, among others. The introduction
of a range of structural fastenings in compliance
with standards EN 14399-3, EN 14399-4, EN 14399-
10, as well as the range of fastenings with seismic
certification.
How is TECOFIX different from its competitors?
Our differentiation from our competitors is based on
two main pillars: quality and service. Although they are
characteristics intrinsic to any company, we reinforce
these characteristics even more. In quality, by the
 cmm
selected range and that we offer to our clients. As for
the service, we invest a lot in the training of our team,
after-sales, stock and depth of ranges, never forgetting
the proximity to the customer, through our salesmen
and sales locations.
What outstanding projects distinguish the work of
TECOFIX?
Tecofix is present directly or indirectly in a large
number of projects in the country, providing all support
to general contractors or subcontractors, with our
diversified range of products, through our network
of technicians and salesmen. However, we highlight
some important works of the last year, such as the
construction of the new multinational factory Sakthi
in the Jupiter Park in gueda, the work of the new
Ikea in Loul, several rehabilitation works in schools,
gueda Arts Center, the new facilities of the Lidl chain
throughout the country, the expansion of Algarve
shopping, among many others.
What future challenges await TECOFIX?
Tecofix is constantly in the process of adapting to the
market in order to respond to all future challenges. Of
these future challenges we highlight the sustainable
growth in the national market. We consider it a constant
challenge because the market is constantly changing,
and there is no space for companies that do not stand
out for their service and quality. We want, more and
more, to increase our levels of service to our customers
How do you see the current state of the steel and
composite construction market?
Since the beginning of the century the steel and
composite construction market is clearly gaining ground
against concrete, driven by several factors. Expo 98
was the beginning of the end of the steel structure with
non-national production, and with the Euro 2004, steel
and composite national construction was projected,
thus leading to a slowdown in the construction crisis
and creating the bases for the great Development of
this area. Currently we see the Portuguese steel and
composite construction as a national and international
reference, in the human point of view and in terms of
production and research and it is recommended.
Will the survival of the sector depend on
cooperation between the various competitors, or
in a competition capable of raising and overcoming
the most competitive players?
One cannot speak of survival, but of development.
Clearly, the national steel and composite construction
members highlight
owes its excellence to a symbiosis of competition
and cooperation. The evolution of the technology of
production and monitoring is and will propel even
further, a greater development and visibility.
What are TECOFIXs objectives for the years 2016
and 2017?
As Tecofix has been investing in resource optimization
and digital marketing, we highlight the short / medium
term objectives of implementing CRM and Business
Intelligence tools, not forgetting the presence in the
digital world.
Through the application of these processes, we intend
to be more effective in our relationship with our
customers. It is only through close and joint work that
a partnership makes sense. More than a supplier, we
want to be a partner of excellence.
How do you perceive the CMM role in the national
context of the steel and composite construction
sector?
CMM plays an important role in sharing knowledge
among industry companies, engineers, researchers,
students and associates, through its actions, seminars,
publications, communications, and call for awareness.
The evolution of the steel and composite construction
can only develop like this, through the sharing of
information and knowledge, and CMM is the link
between all the actors in the sector.
In what foreign markets does TECOFIX intend to
act?
We are currently present locally in Angola and
Mozambique. This presence is of great importance to
us in order to reach our Portuguese customers and who
have a constant presence in these countries. Thus, we
have been able to offer in Angola and Mozambique the
same service that we offer in Portugal.
With regard to direct entry into other countries, it is
not part of our short-term projects. We are privileging
the consolidation of the markets in which we operate,
supporting locally all our clients who carry out works
outside Portugal.
45
metlica international 4 august 2017
 cmm members

steelwork, construction and assembly

ADF Antonino Dias BLOCOTELHA Steel Constructios CONSTLICA Elementos de

Fernandes, Lda ARCEN Engenharia, SA Arestalfer SA SA BYSTEEL SA CAZULU STRUCTURES LDA Construo Metlicos SA
www.adf.eu www.arcen.pt www.arestalfer.com www.blocotelha.com www.bysteel.pt jorge.grave555@gmail.com www.constalica.pt

ENTREFERROS Serralharia FAMETAL Fbrica Port. FRISOMAT Comrcio e Indstria

EDIRIO Construes, SA Electrofer EME Singular Construes Metlicas, Lda Estruturas Metlicas FAUSTINO & FERREIRA de Materiais de Construo SA
oficinaspolo2@conduril.pt www.electrofer.pt www.emesingular.pt www.entreferros.com/pt www.fametal.pt www.faustinoeferreira.com www.frisomat.pt

Construes Metlicas e GARSTEEL INOXANTU J.F.Metal Sociedade MARTIFER Metallic METALOGALVA

Galvanizao, Lda. Construes Metlicas, Lda Instalaes em Inox, Lda Unipessoal, lda Lopes & Gomes, SA Constructions Irmos Silvas, SA
geral@galvaza.com www.garsteel.pt www.inoxantua.pt www.jfmetal.pt www.lopesegomes.pt www.martifer.pt www.metalogalva.pt

METALOVIANA MUNDIFER NORFERSTEEL Const. O FELIZ PERFILNORTE Empresa PERFISA Fbrica de Perfis

Metalrgica de Viana, Lda Construes Metlicas e Metalomecnica, SA Metalomecnica, SA de Perfilagem SA Metlicos SA PNB Serralharia Industrial
www.metaloviana.pt www.mundifer.pt www.norfer.com www.ofeliz.pt www.perfilnorte.com www.perfisa.net geral@pnb.pt

POO Equipamentos Sociedade de Empreitadas e SEVEME Indstrias TEGOPI Indstria UEM Unidade de

Industriais, S.A. Serralharia O SETENTA, S.A. Trabalhos Hidrulicos, S.A. Metalrgicas, S.A. SOLARGUS Metalomecnica, SA Estruturas Metalicas
www.eip.pt www.osetenta.pt seth@seth.pt www.seveme.com www.solargus.pt www.tegopi.pt uem@normetal.com

wholesalers and producers of profiles and steel components

J. SOARES CORREIA

ANTERO & C SA Florncio Augusto CHAGAS SA FAF Produtos Siderrgicos SA FERPINTA, SA Armazns de Ferro SA
www.anteroeca.com www.chagas.pt www.faf.pt www.ferpinta.pt www.jsoarescorreia.pt

building materials, coating and protection

BULLONI Sociedade CIN Corporao Industrial do COLABORANTE Perfilagem de EUROGALVA Galvanizao e

4PAINTS Componentes Fixao Lda Blasquem Lda Norte, SA Chapa Lda Metalomecnica SA HEMPEL (Portugal) Lda.
4paints@sapo.pt www.bulloni.pt www.blasqem.pt www.cin.pt www.colaborante.pt www.eurogalva.pt www.hempel.pt

METALFAJ

Indstria Metalrgica Lda SIKA Portugal, SA
www.metalfaj.pt www.prt.sika.com

All contacts and information about products and services offer to the members of CMM can be found at www.cmm.pt. The information provided is responsibility of each member.

46
metlica international 4 august 2017
 cmm members

design and consulting

A400 Projetistas e Consultores BERD Projecto, Investigao e

A1V2 Engenharia e Arquitetura de Engenharia, Lda A2P Consult, Lda ARMANDO RITO Engenharia, SA Engenharia de Pontes, SA BETAR CONSULTORES, Lda BUREAU VERITAS Certification
www.a1v2.pt www.a400.pt www.a2p.pt www.arito.com.pt www.berd.eu www.betar.pt www.bureauveritas.pt

CCAD Servios CIVI 4 Projectistas e CONSTRUSOFT Software para CSI Portugal Computers DHPRO Servios de Dreamdomus

de engengaria Lda Consultores de Eng. Civil, Lda. a Indstria de Construo, Lda Cruz de Oito Engenharia & Strutural Inc Engenharia Civil, Lda Projeto de Engenharia Lda
www.ccad.pt www.civi4.pt www.construsoft.pt www.cruzdeoito.pt www.csiportugal.com www.dhpro.pt www.dreamdomus.com

FCGAB GOP Gabinete de Organizao GRID International Inexom Ingnierie Ouvrages

Eng e Gesto de Obra Lda de Projectos Lda Gravidade Engenheiros lda Consulting Engineers S.A. IMASD Consult, Lda. Mtalliques JETSJ Geotecnia, Lda
www.fcgab.pt www.gop.pt www.gravidade.pt www.grid.pt www.imasdconsult.com www.inexom.fr www.jetsj.com

LUSOMANU Comrcio e

Jos R. Pimenta LCW Consut SA LEB, Lda Lloyds Register Manut. de Equip. Industriais Lda LUSOMELT, Lda Matereospace, Lda
jp@engenharia.com www.lcwconsult.com www.leb.pt www.lr.org www.lusomanu.com.pt www.lusomelt.pt www.matereo.com

PERRY DA CMARA e Associados, PROAFA PROENGEL Projectos de QUALEND - Qualidade e Ensaios

Metalaf Lda NOV National Oilwell Varco Consultores de Engenharia Lda. PPSEC Engenharia, Lda. Servios de Engenharia SA Engenharia e Arquitectura, Lda No destrutivos Lda
www.metalaf.pt www.nov.com www.pcaengenharia.pt www.ppsec.pt www.afaconsultores.pt www.proengel.pt www.qualend.pt

SAFRE Estudos e Projectos SISCAD Tecnologias de SKINDE Facade Engineering TALPROJECTO Projectos, Estudos TRIA Servios, Materiais e

de Eng., Lda Informao, Lda Consultants, Lda e Servios de Engenharia, Lda. Equipamentos, Lda
www.safre.pt www.siscad.pt www.skinde.pt slefty@slefty.com geral@sprenplan.pt www.talprojecto.pt www.tria.pt

TRIMTRICA Engenharia Lda VESAM GROUP www.weldingtek.com/pt
www.trimetrica.com.pt www.vesamgroup.com

equipment and machinery

Fixpaos Parafusos HILTI (Portugal) Parfel Sociedade de Tecofix Tecnica de

DNC Tcnica, Lda e Materiais de Fixao, Lda GASIN Lda Produtos e Servios, Lda Equipamentos Industriais, Lda SARKKIS Robotica Equipamentos e Fixao
www.dnctecnica.com www.fixpacos.com www.gasin.com.pt/pt www.hilti.pt www.parfel.pt www.sarkkis.com www.tecofix.pt

universities, teaching and research institution

Escola Superior de Tecnologia Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Instituto de Ciencia e Inovao Instituto Superior de Instituto Superior Tcnico LNEC Laboratrio Nacional

de Viseu I.P.V. Gesto I.P. Bragana Gesto I.P. Guarda em Eng. Mecnica e Industrial Contabilidade e Administrao D.E. Civil ICIST de Engenharia Civil
www.dcivil.estv.ipv.pt www.estig.ipb.pt www.estg.ipg.pt www.inegi.up.pt de Coimbra www.tecnico.ulisboa.pt www.lnec.pt

Departamento de Engenharia Universidade de Coimbra Universidade Nova de Lisboa Universidade de Trs-os-Montes

Civil da Universidade de Aveiro www.dec.uc.pt Fac. de Cincias e Tecnologia e Alto Douro
www.ua.pt/decivil www.dec.fct.unl.pt www.utad.pt

Certified company with Quality Steel Silver Certified company with Quality Steel Bronze

47
metlica international 4 august 2017
 agenda events calendar

Events & Exhibitions organization Venue Date information

PROHITECH17 Superior Technical Lisboa, 12 to 15 www.prohitech2017.com

3th International Institute Portugal July of 2017
Conference on
Protection of Historical
Constructions

2017 World Congress International Seoul, South 28 August www.i-asem.org/new_conf/

on Advances in Association of Korea to a 1 asem17.htm
Structural Engineering Structural Engineering September
and Mechanics & Mechanics (IASEM) 2017
(ASEM17) e Korea Advanced
Institute of Science &
Technology (KAIST)

ISSI-Bridges 2017 ISISE within the Madeira, 4 to 7 www.icsi.inegi.up.pt/ISSIOSB.

International conference ICSI2017 Portugal September pdf
Symposium on 2017
Structural Integrity of
Old Steel Bridges

Eurosteel 2017 Technical University Copenhagen, 13 to 15 www.eurosteel2017.dk

of Denmark e Danish Denmark September
Steel Institute 2017

3rd International Institute of Shangai, 27 to 29 www.consc2017.uni-stuttgart.

Sysmposium on Construction China September de
connections between Materials, University 2017
Steel and Concrete of Stuttgart.

XI Conference on CMM Steelwork Coimbra, 23 and 24 www.cmm.pt/congresso11

Steel and Composite Portuguese Portugal November
Construction Association 2017

48
metlica international 4 august 2017
 CMM TRAINING COURSES
2017

course speakers venue date price

Projeto de Estruturas Mistas Prof. Rui Simes (UC); Coimbra 30 June General 450
Ao-Beto Prof. Isabel Valente (UM); Eng. Rui Alves iParque and 1 July CMM Members 370
4th Edition (*) OE Members 410

Dimensionamento Ssmico Prof. Jos Miguel Castro (FEUP); Prof. Carlos Coimbra 7 and 8 July General 450
de Estruturas Metlicas Rebelo (UC); Eng. Tiago Abecasis iParque CMM Members 370
5th Edition (*) (Tal Projecto); Eng. Lus Macedo (FEUP) OE Members 410

Marcao CE - EN1090: Execuo Prof. Rui Simes (UC); Prof. Prof. Altino Loureiro Coimbra 14 and 15 General 450
de Estruturas de Ao e de (UC); Eng. Leonor Crte-Real (Hempel); Eng. Rui iParque July CMM Members 370
Estruturas de Alumnio, Alves; Eng. Filipa Santiago OE Members 410
Parte 1 e Parte 2
4th Edition (*)

Structural Glass: From sketch Prof. Sandra Sordo (UC); Eng. Pedro Rodrigues Lisbon, 21 and 22 Until 18-08:
to the final construction (Martifer); Prof. Chiara Bedon (University of Trieste) Hotel Holiday September Geral 600
1st Edition (NEW) Inn CMM Members 400
OE Members 540

Fatigue of Steel Bridges Prof. Luis Borges (Structurame); Lisbon, 25 and 27 Until 18-08:
1st Edition (NEW) Prof. Johan Maljaars (TNO) Hotel Holiday September General 750
Inn CMM Members 500
OE Members 675

Dimensionamento de estruturas Prof. Aldina Santiago (UC); Prof. Nuno Lopes (UA); Lisbon, 29 and 30 Until 01-09:
metlicas e mistas ao fogo Prof. Paulo Piloto (IPB); Prof. Hlder Craveiro (UC); Hotel Holiday September General 400
1st Edition (NEW) (*) Eng. Tiago Horta (Hempel); Dr. Slvio Saldanha Inn CMM Members 320
(TRIA) OE Members 360

Construo em Ao Leve: Prof. Nuno Silvestre (IST); Eng. Filipe Santos Coimbra 13 and 14 Until 15-09:
Normalizao, Clculo e (Vesam); Eng. Antnio Santos (Gestedi); iParque October General 400
Oramentao Eng. Rosa Martins (Gestedi) CMM Members 320
2nd Edition (*) OE Members 360

Advanced Topics on the Design Prof. Lus Simes da Silva (UC); Prof. Aldina Coimbra, 24 and 27 Until 22-09:
of Offshore Structures Santiago (UC); Prof. Hlder Craveiro (UC); Prof. DEC-UC October General 950
2nd Edition Paulo Pinto (UC); Prof. Constana Rigueiro (UC); CMM Members 650
Dr. Rick Perkins (Sherwin-Williams); Eng. yvind OE Members 800
BLAKER (NGI); Prof. Lus Borges (Structurame/
UC); Prof. Luis Godinho (UC); Prof. Paulo Amado
(UC); Prof. Vitor Espinosa (UPV)

Execuo de Estruturas Eng. Filipe Santos (Vesam) Coimbra 3 and 4 Until 06-10:
Metlicas, Projeto, Detalhe, Eng. Jos Miguel Pontes iParque November Geral 400
Fabrico e Montagem CMM Members 320
4nd Edition (*) OE Members 360

Structural Glass Facades: From Prof. Sandra Jordo (UC); Prof. Jens Nielsen Lisbon, 9, 10 and 11 Until 06-10:
sketch to the final construction (Technical University of Denmark); Eng. Pedro Hotel Holiday November T
General 750
1st Edition (NEW) Rodrigues (Martifer); Prof. Daniel Aelenei (UNL); Inn CMM Members 500
Prof. Filipe Santos (UNL) OE Members 675

(*) Courses lectured in Portuguese

FOR MORE INFORMATION
ASSOCIAO PORTUGUESA DE www.cmm.pt
CONSTRUO METLICA E MISTA
 www.constalica.com
+351 232 748 127
comercial@constalica.com
PORTUGAL
SPAIN
FRANCE
Other products BRAZIL
MEXICO
UNITED KINGDOM