Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1. The Framework Agreement for GATS lays out the scope and definition of GATS.
Answer: True
Diff: 1
Topic: General Agreement on Trade in Services
Skill: Legal Concepts
2. The Framework Agreement for GATS does not define what a service sector is.
Answer: True
Diff: 2
Topic: General Agreement on Trade in Services
Skill: Legal Concepts
Answer: False
Diff: 1
Topic: General Agreement on Trade in Services
Skill: Legal Concepts
4. The GATS does not allow exceptions to the MFN treatment rule.
Answer: False
Diff: 1
Topic: General Agreement on Trade in Services
Skill: Legal Concepts
5. The GATS provides a provision for a departure from the principle of national treatment
to ensure that direct taxes may be effectively collected on services.
Answer: True
Diff: 1
Topic: General Agreement on Trade in Services
Skill: Legal Concepts
6. GATS members can list limitations on the number of natural persons that may be
employed in a particular service sector in Schedule of Specific Commitments.
Answer: True
Diff: 2
Topic: General Agreement on Trade in Services
Skill: Legal Concepts
Answer: True
Diff: 1
Topic: General Agreement on Trade in Services
Skill: Legal Concepts
Answer: False
Diff: 2
Topic: General Agreement on Trade in Services
Skill: Legal Concepts
Answer: True
Diff: 2
Topic: Regional Intergovernmental Regulations on Trade in Services
Skill: Factual Application
10. The EUs freedom of movement for workers is an absolute right for all citizens in the
EU.
Answer: False
Diff: 2
Topic: Regional Intergovernmental Regulations on Trade in Services
Skill: Legal Concepts
11. The NAFTA provides MFN provisions for trade in services sectors.
Answer: True
Diff: 2
Topic: Regional Intergovernmental Regulations on Trade in Services
Skill: Legal Concepts
12. The International Labor Office functions as the secretariat for the International Labor
Organization.
Answer: True
Diff: 1
Topic: International Labor Law
Skill: Legal Concepts
13. Recommendations are issued by the ILO when there is no consensus on the subject at
hand.
Answer: True
Diff: 1
Topic: International Labor Law
Skill: Legal Concepts
14. The special list compiled by the Conference Committee of the ILO consists of the list
of those member states that have entered into free trade agreements with some other
states.
Answer: False
Diff: 1
Topic: International Labor Law
Skill: Legal Concepts
15. The Administrative Tribunal of the ILO does not have the power to order an IGO to
undertake an action it has not begun on its own.
Answer: True
Diff: 2
Topic: International Labor Law
Skill: Legal Concepts
16. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights protects laborers from being compelled
to join an association.
Answer: True
Diff: 1
Topic: International Labor Law
Skill: Legal Concepts
17. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a leading treaty among several nations,
which deals with labor issues.
Answer: False
Diff: 2
Topic: International Labor Law
Skill: Legal Concepts
18. Regulation 1612/68 limits the right of a worker to take up and pursue employment
within any of the EU states.
Answer: False
Diff: 2
Topic: Regional Intergovernmental Regulations on Labor
Skill: Legal Concepts
19. The International Labor Organization is responsible for enforcing the European
Convention on Human Rights of 1950.
Answer: False
Diff: 1
Topic: Regional Intergovernmental Regulations on Labor
Skill: Legal Concepts
20. Only the Council of Europe has the power to sanction transnational labor unions in
Europe.
Answer: False
Diff: 1
Topic: Regional Intergovernmental Regulations on Labor
Skill: Legal Concepts
21. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights proclaims that every individual has the
right to own a passport.
Answer: False
Diff: 1
Topic: Movement of Workers
Skill: Legal Concepts
22. Apart from a Presidentially granted exception, the only means by which an American
can lawfully leave the country or return to it is with a passport.
Answer: True
Diff: 1
Topic: Movement of Workers
Skill: Legal Concepts
23. In the United States, the H-1B visas are allocated to highly skilled professionals,
engineers, and software experts to work with U.S. companies.
Answer: True
Diff: 1
Topic: Movement of Workers
Skill: Legal Concepts
24. Student visas do not come under the Visa Waiver Program in the United States.
Answer: True
Diff: 1
Topic: Movement of Workers
Skill: Legal Concepts
25. All states limit the number of permanent visas that they grant to immigrants.
Answer: True
Diff: 1
Topic: Movement of Workers
Skill: Legal Concepts
26. The ________ came into effect on January 1, 1995, as one of the three main
multilateral annexes to the Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: General Agreement on Trade in Services
Skill: Legal Concepts
27. Which of the following components of the GATS agreement deal(s) with issues
unique to particular economic sectors, such as financial services and
telecommunications?
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Topic: General Agreement on Trade in Services
Skill: Legal Concepts
28. Which of the following is present in the GATS Framework Agreement?
A. the terms, limitations, and conditions that can be placed on market access
B. the sectoral annexes that deal with issues unique to particular economic sectors
C. the list of service sectors that members are willing to open to the markets
D. the general obligations and disciplines to be followed by member states
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Topic: General Agreement on Trade in Services
Skill: Legal Concepts
29. The Framework Agreement covers all trade in services in any sector except those
________.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Topic: General Agreement on Trade in Services
Skill: Legal Concepts
Answer: C
Diff: 3
Topic: General Agreement on Trade in Services
Skill: Legal Concepts
31. The ________ is a GATS requirement that its member states accord immediately and
unconditionally to services and service suppliers of other members treatment that is no
less beneficial than that it accords to like services and service suppliers of any other state.
A. foreseeability standard
B. ultra vires rule
C. transparency provision
D. most-favored-nation treatment
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic: General Agreement on Trade in Services
Skill: Legal Concepts
32. The ________ in GATS requires member states to publish, prior to their entry into
force, all of their national measures and international agreements that affect their
obligations under GATS.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic: General Agreement on Trade in Services
Skill: Legal Concepts
33. GATS requires its member states to ensure that their domestic regulations affecting
trade in services are administered in a reasonable, objective, and impartial manner and as
soon as the ________ adopts harmonizing guidelines in these areas, it will require them
to bring their practices into compliance with those guidelines.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: General Agreement on Trade in Services
Skill: Legal Concepts
34. Under which of the following conditions, a member nation can apply restrictions on
international transfers and payments for current transactions even though they are
typically forbidden by GATS?
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Topic: General Agreement on Trade in Services
Skill: Legal Concepts
35. The Framework Agreement has a provision that authorizes an exception to the MFN
treatment rule when the difference in treatment is the result of ________.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Topic: General Agreement on Trade in Services
Skill: Legal Concepts
36. Which of the following terms refers to a GATS requirement that a WTO member state
accord to services and service suppliers of other member states treatment no less
favorable than that listed in its GATS Schedule of Specific Commitments?
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: General Agreement on Trade in Services
Skill: Legal Concepts
37. Which of the following terms refers to a GATS requirement that a WTO member state
accord to services and service suppliers of other member states treatment no less
favorable than what the member grants its own like services and service suppliers?
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: General Agreement on Trade in Services
Skill: Legal Concepts
38. The operation of GATS is overseen by the ________ made up of representatives of all
WTO member states.
A. World Bank
B. International Monetary Fund
C. Trade Negotiations Committee
D. Council for Trade in Services
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic: General Agreement on Trade in Services
Skill: Legal Concepts
39. Which of the following is true of the Council for Trade in Services?
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Topic: General Agreement on Trade in Services
Skill: Legal Concepts
40. The Treaty Establishing the European Community and the ________ of 2010 are the
principal sources of law in the EU, pertaining to business between and among its member
states.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Topic: Regional Intergovernmental Regulations on Trade in Services
Skill: Legal Concepts
41. Under the EC Treaty, the right of member state nationals and firms to settle
permanently and carry on a business throughout the EU is known as the ________.
A. foreseeability standard
B. freedom to provide services
C. right to participation
D. right of establishment
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic: Regional Intergovernmental Regulations on Trade in Services
Skill: Legal Concepts
42. Which of the following is true of labor restrictions that can be placed on newly joined
members under the EU?
A. that all restrictions have to be lifted after the first five years from joining
B. that the restrictions can be extended for two more years after the first five years of
joining
C. that the restrictions can only be added on the first two years after joining
D. that the freedom of movement of workers is an absolute right for all Europeans upon
joining the EU
Answer: B
Diff: 3
Topic: Regional Intergovernmental Regulations on Trade in Services
Skill: Legal Concepts
43. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) differs from the GATS in that
NAFTA ________.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Topic: Regional Intergovernmental Regulations on Trade in Services
Skill: Legal Concepts
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Topic: Regional Intergovernmental Regulations on Trade in Services
Skill: Legal Concepts
45. Which of the following is true of NAFTA members right to change the limitations on
their sectoral list?
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Topic: Regional Intergovernmental Regulations on Trade in Services
Skill: Legal Concepts
46. The ________ is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for
promoting international efforts to improve working conditions, living standards, and the
equitable treatment of workers worldwide.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: International Labor Law
Skill: Legal Concepts
47. The legislative body of the ILO, made up of representatives from government, labor,
and management from each member state is referred to as the ________.
A. General Assembly
B. General Conference
C. Security Council
D. Secretariat
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Topic: International Labor Law
Skill: Legal Concepts
48. Which of the following is a similarity between the Governing Body and the General
Conference of the ILO?
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Topic: International Labor Law
Skill: Legal Concepts
49. Which of the following is true of the Governing Body of the ILO?
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Topic: International Labor Law
Skill: Legal Concepts
50. Which of the following are sponsored by the ILO when there is substantial agreement
in the international community about a particular labor practice?
A. supplementations
B. justifications
C. recommendations
D. conventions
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic: International Labor Law
Skill: Legal Concepts
51. Which of the following are issued by the ILO to solve those problems that have no
consensus or when the subject matter is too complex?
A. supplementations
B. justifications
C. recommendations
D. conventions
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: International Labor Law
Skill: Legal Concepts
52. Which of the following is true of the Committee of Experts on the Application of
Conventions and Recommendations?
A. It consists of individuals who are not biased toward any groups or governments.
B. Its members are appointed by the General Conference of the ILO.
C. Its members are drawn from government representatives of each member state.
D. It reviews the recommendations made by the Conference Committee on the
Application of Conventions and Recommendations at the General Conference.
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Topic: International Labor Law
Skill: Legal Concepts
53. Which of the following is the main function of the ILO Conference Committee on the
Application of Conventions and Recommendations?
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Topic: International Labor Law
Skill: Legal Concepts
A. grants governments the right to prohibit workers from joining certain unions
B. grants workers the right to form trade unions free from governmental interference
C. protects workers from antiunion discrimination
D. protects unions from employer domination
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Topic: International Labor Law
Skill: Legal Concepts
55. Together with the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), the Governing Body
established in 1950 a nine-member Fact-Finding and Conciliation Commission to
________.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Topic: International Labor Law
Skill: Legal Concepts
56. In 1968, the Council of Ministers enacted ________ to implement the EC Treaty
Provisions on the free movement of workers.
A. Directive 68/360
B. Regulation 161/68
C. the Convention Concerning Freedom of Association
D. the Convention Concerning the Application of the Principles of the Right to Organize
and to Bargain Collectively
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: International Labor Law
Skill: Legal Concepts
57. The Treaty Establishing the European Community (EC Treaty) is meant to promote
________.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Topic: Regional Intergovernmental Regulations on Labor
Skill: Legal Concepts
58. ________ of the EC Treaty grants the EU Council the power to adopt such measures
in the field of social security as are necessary to provide freedom of movement for
workers.
A. Article 42
B. Article 39
C. Article 39(2)
D. Article 40
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: Regional Intergovernmental Regulations on Labor
Skill: Legal Concepts
59. Which of the following workers rights overlaps between the European Convention
on Human Rights and the European Social Charter?
A. Every worker has the opportunity to earn his living in an occupation freely entered
upon.
B. Every worker has the right to benefit from social welfare services.
C. Every worker has the right to join trade unions for the protection of his interest.
D. All workers and their dependents have the right to social security.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Topic: Regional Intergovernmental Regulations on Labor
Skill: Legal Concepts
60. A person who is ________ is most likely to seek a permanent visa from the host
nation.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic: Movement of Workers
Skill: Legal Concepts
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Topic: Movement of Workers
Skill: Legal Concepts
A. It allows tourists to stay in a host nation for a limited time without a visa.
B. It allows tourists to stay indefinitely without a visa in a host nation.
C. It allows tourists to travel without passports.
D. It is a form of approval given to immigrant that has been nationalized.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Topic: Movement of Workers
Skill: Legal Concepts
63. Which of the following categories can claim priority while applying for a permanent
visa as established by the U.S. Immigration and Nationality Act?
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: Movement of Workers
Skill: Legal Concepts
64. Which of the following cases would specifically fall under the special cases category
when being prioritized for permanent visa application in the United States?
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Topic: Movement of Workers
Skill: Legal Concepts
65. Which of the following is a type of regulation against hiring foreign workers?
A. most-preferred-nation treatment
B. ultra vires rule
C. percentile legislation
D. nolo contendere
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: Movement of Workers
Skill: Legal Concepts
Essay Questions
66. What are the basic parameters of GATS laid out in the Framework Agreement?
Answer: The Framework Agreement lays out the basic parameters of GATS in six parts.
These parts deal with (1) the scope and definition of GATS, (2) general obligations and
disciplines of member states, (3) obligations and disciplines concerning specific
commitments of member states, (4) a schedule for progressively liberalizing the worlds
trade in services, (5) the institutional structure for implementing GATS, and (6)
miscellaneous provisions (including definitions of key terms).
Diff: 2
Topic: General Agreement on Trade in Services
Skill: Legal Concepts
68. Describe the significance of the Schedule of Specific Commitments. List the
categories that a member can apply on sectors mentioned in its Schedule of Specific
Commitments?
Answer: GATS is designed to open up specific service sectors of the WTO member
states markets to international access on a sector-by-sector and a state-by-state basis.
Following negotiations, or on its own initiative, a member is to submit a Schedule of
Specific Commitments for annexation to GATS that lists the sectors (or subsectors) it is
opening to market access. The member may also list limitations that apply to these
sectors, and it must do so as to six categories of limitations if it wants those six to apply.
The categories of limitations that the member must either list or not apply are limitations
on (1) the number of service suppliers allowed, (2) the total value of transactions or
assets, (3) the total quantity of service output or the number of service operations, (4) the
number of natural persons that may be employed in a particular service sector, (5) the
type of legal entity or joint venture arrangement that a service supplier may use in
supplying a service, and (6) the participation of foreign capital in terms of a maximum
percentage limit on foreign shareholding or the total value of individual or aggregate
foreign investment.
Diff: 3
Topic: General Agreement on Trade in Services
Skill: Legal Concepts
69. Discuss the similarities between the provisions for trade-in-services in the GATS and
NAFTA?
Answer: The trade-in-services provisions in NAFTA are very similar to those found in
GATS. As is the case with GATS, each of the NAFTA countries (Canada, Mexico, and the
United States) has to observe the basic rules of transparency, MFN treatment, and
national treatment. In addition, each NAFTA country is required to accord the better of
national or MFN treatment to services and service suppliers of the other two countries.
Also, as in GATS, service providers establishing a commercial presence in NAFTA
countries, including providers from non-NAFTA states, are granted several important
rights, including the right to be free from performance requirements, the right to make
inward and outward transfers, the right to have the international standard of care doctrine
applied to expropriations, and the right to have investorstate disputes resolved by
binding international arbitration.
Diff: 2
Topic: Regional Intergovernmental Regulations on Trade in Services
Skill: Legal Concepts
Answer: The ILOs institutional structure is made up of a General Conference that acts as
a legislative body, approving conventions and adopting recommendations; a Governing
Body that serves as the executive; and an International Labor Office headed by a
Director-General that functions as the organizations secretariat. The membership of the
General Conference comprises representatives from government, labor, and management.
Each national delegation includes four representatives: two from government, one from
labor, and one from employers. The same tripartite representation also exists in the
Governing Body, which is composed of 56 members, half of whom are appointed by
governments, a quarter by workers groups, and a quarter by employers organizations. Of
the 28 seats reserved for government representatives, 10 are further reserved for delegates
from the worlds principal industrial powers.
Diff: 2
Topic: International Labor Law
Skill: Legal Concepts
71. Describe the significance of the international labor standards established by the ILO.
Answer: To pursue its goal of improving the lot of all working people, the ILO attempts
to establish rules or standards that have international effect. Three reasons are given for
why these standards need to have international effect. The first, and most practical one, is
that individual states are not inclined to enact domestic labor laws because this would put
them at a competitive disadvantage in the world market by increasing local labor costs.
The adoption of an internationally effective agreement would, accordingly, keep
multinational companies from practicing what is sometimes called social dumping.
Second, the establishment of fair and equitable labor standards helps promote world
peace. Third, the establishment of uniform labor standards is a matter of both justice and
humanity. Each of these justifications for international standards has become even
stronger as globalization has increased.
Diff: 2
Topic: International Labor Law
Skill: Legal Concepts
72. Explain the procedure for settling disputes between ILO members.
Answer: If an ILO member state violates the ILO Constitution, an ILO convention that it
has ratified, or the ILO Convention on the Freedom of Association (whether it is a party
to it or not), there are several dispute-resolution procedures that can be invoked to reach a
settlement. These include (1) the investigation of complaints of noncompliance with
ratified conventions by commissions of inquiry, (2) the investigation of abuses by the
Fact-Finding and Conciliation Commission on Freedom of Association, and (3)
interpretations of the ILO Constitution and ILO conventions by the International Labor
Office.
Diff: 2
Topic: International Labor Law
Skill: Legal Concepts
73. Briefly explain the how the Treaty Establishing the European Community influences
employment laws in Europe.
Answer: The Treaty Establishing the European Community (EC Treaty), which is meant
to promote the comprehensive economic integration of EU member states, provides that
freedom of movement for workers shall be secured within the EU. Article 39 of the EC
Treaty allows workers, no matter what their occupations, to accept offers of employment
and to remain in any member state to carry out that employment. Article 40 authorizes the
EU Council to remove and harmonize administrative procedures that obstruct the free
movement of workers and to set up the machinery necessary to match job hunters in one
state with job offers in another. Article 42 grants the EU Council the power to adopt
such measures in the field of social security as are necessary to provide freedom of
movement for workers.
Diff: 2
Topic: Regional Intergovernmental Regulations on Labor
Skill: Legal Concepts
74. Describe the significance of the transnational labor organizations in the EU.
Answer: Several transnational labor organizations have been set up as coordinating
bodies by municipal labor unions. They are designed to encourage cooperative action, to
support national organizations, and to advocate the rights of workers before regional
IGOs. Two reasonably successful examples are the International Secretariat of the World
Auto Council and the European Confederation of Trade Unions. In addition to
exchanging information about labor conditions and advocating labor issues, transnational
labor organizations have been actively involved in collecting and disbursing solidarity
funds to support national labor actions.
Diff: 2
Topic: Regional Intergovernmental Regulations on Labor
Skill: Legal Concepts
75. What are visas? How many types of visas are allowed with respect to duration?
Answer: Visas are a host states counterpart of the passport. They grant permission for an
alien to enter a country. As with passports, issuance is discretionary with the host state,
and both the length of time that an alien may stay in a country and the activities the alien
may carry on while there can be limited. With respect to their duration, visas are
classified as either temporary or permanent. An alien who receives a temporary visa is
expected to leave the country after a stated time period. An alien who receives a
permanent visa is allowed to stay indefinitely, and often an alien who seeks a permanent
visa is expecting to apply for nationalization.
Diff: 2
Topic: Movement of Workers
Skill: Legal Concepts