Ch3,10,15 EXAM Qs 1

1. [6 marks]

Celeste wishes to hire a taxicab from a company which has a large number of taxicabs.

The taxicabs are randomly assigned by the company.

The probability that a taxicab is yellow is 0.4.

The probability that a taxicab is a Fiat is 0.3.

The probability that a taxicab is yellow or a Fiat is 0.6.

Find the probability that the taxicab hired by Celeste is not a yellow Fiat.

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2a. [3 marks]

Bill and Andrea play two games of tennis. The probability that Bill wins the first game is .

If Bill wins the first game, the probability that he wins the second game is .

If Bill loses the first game, the probability that he wins the second game is .

Copy and complete the following tree diagram. (Do not write on this page.)

2b. [2 marks]

Find the probability that Bill wins the first game and Andrea wins the second game.

2c. [4 marks]

Find the probability that Bill wins at least one game.

2d. [5 marks]

Given that Bill wins at least one game, find the probability that he wins both games.

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3a. [2 marks]

The following table shows the average weights ( y kg) for given heights (x cm) in a population of men.

Heights (x cm) 165 170 175 180 185

Weights (y kg) 67.8 70.0 72.7 75.5 77.2

The relationship between the variables is modelled by the regression equation .

Write down the value of and of .

3b. [2 marks]

The relationship between the variables is modelled by the regression equation .

Hence, estimate the weight of a man whose height is 172 cm.

3c. [1 mark]

Write down the correlation coefficient.

3d. [2 marks]

State which two of the following describe the correlation between the variables.

strong zero positive

negative no correlation weak

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4a. [1 mark]

The weights in grams of 80 rats are shown in the following cumulative frequency diagram.

Write down the median weight of the rats.

4b. [3 marks]

Find the percentage of rats that weigh 70 grams or less.

4c. [2 marks]

The same data is presented in the following table.

Weights grams

Frequency

Write down the value of .

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4d. [2 marks]

The same data is presented in the following table.

Weights grams

Frequency

Find the value of .

4e. [3 marks]

The same data is presented in the following table.

Weights grams

Frequency

Use the values from the table to estimate the mean and standard deviation of the weights.

4f. [2 marks]

Assume that the weights of these rats are normally distributed with the mean and standard deviation
estimated in part (c).

Find the percentage of rats that weigh 70 grams or less.

4g. [3 marks]

Assume that the weights of these rats are normally distributed with the mean and standard deviation
estimated in part (c).

A sample of five rats is chosen at random. Find the probability that at most three rats weigh 70 grams
or less.

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5a. [2 marks]

The following table shows the amount of fuel ( litres) used by a car to travel certain distances ( km).

Dist (xkm) 40 75 120 150 195

Fuel (y litres) 3.6 6.5 9.9 13.1 16.2

This data can be modelled by the regression line with equation .

Write down the value of and of .

5b. [1 mark]

Explain what the gradient represents.

5c. [2 marks]

Use the model to estimate the amount of fuel the car would use if it is driven km.

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6a. [2 marks]

Let and be independent events, where and .

Find .

6b. [2 marks]

Find .

6c. [1 mark]

On the following Venn diagram, shade the region that represents .

6d. [2 marks]

Find .

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7a. [3 marks]

A forest has a large number of tall trees. The heights of the trees are normally distributed with a mean
of metres and a standard deviation of metres. Trees are classified as giant trees if they are more
than metres tall.

A tree is selected at random from the forest.

Find the probability that this tree is a giant.

7b. [3 marks]

A tree is selected at random from the forest.

Given that this tree is a giant, find the probability that it is taller than metres.

7c. [2 marks]

Two trees are selected at random. Find the probability that they are both giants.

7d. [3 marks]

trees are selected at random.

Find the expected number of these trees that are giants.

7e. [3 marks]

trees are selected at random.

Find the probability that at least of these trees are giants.

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8a. [2 marks]

Two events and are such that and .

Given that and are mutually exclusive, find .

8b. [4 marks]

Given that and are independent, find .

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9a. [2 marks]

The time taken for a student to complete a task is normally distributed with a mean of minutes and a
standard deviation of minutes.

A student is selected at random. Find the probability that the student completes the task in less than
minutes.

9b. [5 marks]

The probability that a student takes between and minutes is . Find the value of .

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10a. [4 marks]

Samantha goes to school five days a week. When it rains, the probability that she goes to school by bus
is 0.5. When it does not rain, the probability that she goes to school by bus is 0.3. The probability that it
rains on any given day is 0.2.

On a randomly selected school day, find the probability that Samantha goes to school by bus.

10b. [3 marks]

Given that Samantha went to school by bus on Monday, find the probability that it was raining.

10c. [2 marks]

In a randomly chosen school week, find the probability that Samantha goes to school by bus on exactly
three days.

10d. [5 marks]

After school days, the probability that Samantha goes to school by bus at least once is greater than
. Find the smallest value of .

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12a. [3 marks]

The following table shows the probability distribution of a discrete random variable X .

Find the value of k .

12b. [3 marks]

Find .

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13. [8 marks]

In a large city, the time taken to travel to work is normally distributed with mean and standard
deviation . It is found that of the population take less than 5 minutes to get to work, and take
less than 25 minutes.

Find the value of and of .

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14a. [2 marks]

At a large school, students are required to learn at least one language, Spanish or French. It is known
that of the students learn Spanish, and learn French.

Find the percentage of students who learn both Spanish and French.

14b. [2 marks]

At a large school, students are required to learn at least one language, Spanish or French. It is known
that of the students learn Spanish, and learn French.

Find the percentage of students who learn Spanish, but not French.

14c. [5 marks]

At a large school, students are required to learn at least one language, Spanish or French. It is known
that of the students learn Spanish, and learn French.

At this school, of the students are girls, and of the girls learn Spanish.

A student is chosen at random. Let G be the event that the student is a girl, and let S be the event that
the student learns Spanish.

(i) Find .

(ii) Show that G and S are not independent.

14d. [6 marks]

At a large school, students are required to learn at least one language, Spanish or French. It is known
that of the students learn Spanish, and learn French.

At this school, of the students are girls, and of the girls learn Spanish.

A boy is chosen at random. Find the probability that he learns Spanish.

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15a. [2 marks]

The random variable X has the following probability distribution, with .

Find the value of r .

15b. [6 marks]

Given that , find the value of p and of q .

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16a. [5 marks]

Bag A contains three white balls and four red balls. Two balls are chosen at random without
replacement.

(i) Copy and complete the following tree diagram.

(ii) Find the probability that two white balls are chosen.

16b. [5 marks]

Bag A contains three white balls and four red balls. Two balls are chosen at random without
replacement.

Bag B contains four white balls and three red balls. When two balls are chosen at random without

replacement from bag B, the probability that they are both white is .

A standard die is rolled. If 1 or 2 is obtained, two balls are chosen without replacement from bag A,
otherwise they are chosen from bag B.

Find the probability that the two balls are white.

16c. [4 marks]

Bag A contains three white balls and four red balls. Two balls are chosen at random without
replacement.

Bag B contains four white balls and three red balls. When two balls are chosen at random without

replacement from bag B, the probability that they are both white is .

A standard die is rolled. If 1 or 2 is obtained, two balls are chosen without replacement from bag A,
otherwise they are chosen from bag B.

Given that both balls are white, find the probability that they were chosen from bag A.
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 17a. [1 mark]

Events A and B are such that , and .

The values q , r , s and t represent probabilities.

Write down the value of t .

17b. [3 marks]

(i) Show that .

(ii) Write down the value of q and of s .

17c. [3 marks]

(i) Write down .

(ii) Find .

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18a. [5 marks]

Jar A contains three red marbles and five green marbles. Two marbles are drawn from the jar, one after
the other, without replacement.

Find the probability that

(i) none of the marbles are green;

(ii) exactly one marble is green.

18b. [3 marks]

Find the expected number of green marbles drawn from the jar.

18c. [2 marks]

Jar B contains six red marbles and two green marbles. A fair six-sided die is tossed. If the score is or ,
a marble is drawn from jar A. Otherwise, a marble is drawn from jar B.

(i) Write down the probability that the marble is drawn from jar B.

(ii) Given that the marble was drawn from jar B, write down the probability that it is red.

18d. [6 marks]

Given that the marble is red, find the probability that it was drawn from jar A.

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19. [7 marks]

A random variable is normally distributed with and .

Find the interquartile range of .

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20a. [4 marks]

A running club organizes a race to select girls to represent the club in a competition.

The times taken by the group of girls to complete the race are shown in the table below.

Find the value of and of .

20b. [3 marks]

A girl is chosen at random.

(i) Find the probability that the time she takes is less than minutes.

(ii) Find the probability that the time she takes is at least minutes.

20c. [4 marks]

A girl is selected for the competition if she takes less than minutes to complete the race.

Given that of the girls are not selected,

(i) find the number of girls who are not selected;

(ii) find .

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21a. [3 marks]

The random variable is normally distributed with mean and standard deviation .

Find .

21b. [3 marks]

Given that , find the value of .

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22a. [8 marks]

A bag contains four gold balls and six silver balls.

Two balls are drawn at random from the bag, with replacement. Let be the number of gold balls
drawn from the bag.

(i) Find .

(ii) Find .

(iii) Hence, find .

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22b. [3 marks]

Hence, find .

22c. [2 marks]

Fourteen balls are drawn from the bag, with replacement.

Find the probability that exactly five of the balls are gold.

22d. [2 marks]

Find the probability that at most five of the balls are gold.

22e. [3 marks]

Given that at most five of the balls are gold, find the probability that exactly five of the balls are gold.
Give the answer correct to two decimal places.

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