BIOTEKNOLOGI FARMASI

Evi Umayah Ulfa

Definisi
Bioteknologi:
Bio : menggunakan sel hidup
Teknologi : Menyelesaikan suatu masalah atau untuk
menghasilkan produk yang bermanfaat

BIOTEKNOLOGI
Teknologi yang menggunakan sel hidup ataupun
komponen-komponen penyusunnya untuk menghasilkan
suatu produk
Perkembangan Bioteknologi
BIOTEKNOLOGI KONVENSIONAL
Pemanfaatan sel hidup untuk menghasilkan
suatu produk
Contoh: yogurt, keju, alkohol, tempe,
tape,antibiotik, dll (hasil fermentasi)
BIOTEKNOLOGI MODERN
Pemanfaatan sel hidup ataupun komponen-
komponennya melalui Teknologi DNA
Rekombinan untuk menghasilkan produk
 Teknologi DNA Rekombinan
Manipulasi gen
Pemindahan gen dari satu organisme ke organisme
lain
Dipindahkan ke organisme lain
Dikembalikan ke organisme awal dengan modifikasi

Transgenik
SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN
 History of Biotechnology

1860s-Botanist Gregor Mendel recognizes heredity information

is stored in units (now called genes)
1870s-chromosomes are discovered
1953-DNA Double Helix is discovered by James Watson and
Francis Crick (England)
1954-Cell-culturing techniques are first used
1955-An enzyme involved in the production of a nucleic acid is
isolated
1956-The fermentation process is perfected
 History of Biotechnology

1960-Messenger RNA is discovered

1961-The genetic code is understood
1977-Genetically-engineered bacteria are used to
make human growth protein
1978-North Carolina scientists, Hutchinson and Edgell,
prove it is possible to introduce specific mutations at
specific sites in a DNA molecule
1979-The first monoclonal antibodies are synthesized
 History of Biotechnology

1981: The first genetically-engineered plant is

reported
1981: 1st mice to be successfully cloned
1982: Humulin, human insulin drug, produced by
genetically-engineered bacteria (first biotech drug
approved by the FDA)
1984: The DNA fingerprinting technique is
developed.
1984: The first genetically-engineered vaccine is
developed.
1986: The first biotech-derived interferon drugs for
the treatment of cancer are synthesized
 History of Biotechnology
1989: Microorganisms are used to clean up the Exxon
Valdez oil spill
1990: The first federally-approved gene therapy
treatment is performed successfully
1992: The structure of HIV RT is elucidated
1993:The FDA declares that genetically engineered
foods are "not inherently dangerous"
1994: The first breast cancer gene is discovered
1998: Embryonic stem cells are used to regenerate
tissue and create disorders that mimic diseases
Manfaat Bioteknologi

Pertanian Tanaman dengan varietas unggul

Tahan Hama, patogen, herbisida
Produksi tinggi
Memperlama waktu penyimpanan

Kesehatan Produksi obat-obatan (interferon, insulin, dsb)

Pencegahan Penyakit : Vaksin (HBV)
Terapi Gen
Transplantasi organ
Lingkungan Bioremidiasi

Industri Enzim untuk berbagai industri ( protease detergen)

Forensik Paternity Test

Sidik Jari DNA
Pertanian
Enzim untuk Terapi
Protein terapeutik
Vaksin Rekombinan

Vaksin influenza
Vaksin HPV (Virus Like particle L1)
Terapi gen
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

DNA DNA (Replikasi)

DNA RNA (Transkripsi)

RNA Protein ( Translasi)

Informasi Materi Genetik
Gene
Function

> DNA sequence

AATTCATGAAAATCGTATACTGGTCTGGTACCGGCAACAC > Protein sequence
TGAGAAAATGGCAGAGCTCATCGCTAAAGGTATCATCGAA MKIVYWSGTGNTEKMAELIAKGIIESGKDVN
TCTGGTAAAGACGTCAACACCATCAACGTGTCTGACGTTA TINVSDVNI
ACATCGATGAACTGCTGAACGAAGATATCCTGATCCTGGG DELLNEDILILGCSAMGDEVLEESEFEPFIEEI
TTGCTCTGCCATGGGCGATGAAGTTCTCGAGGAAAGCGAA STKISGK
TTTGAACCGTTCATCGAAGAGATCTCTACCAAAATCTCTG KVALFGSYGWGDGKWMRDFEERMNGYGC
GTAAGAAGGTTGCGCTGTTCGGTTCTTACGGTTGGGGCGA VVVETPLIVQNE
CGGTAAGTGGATGCGTGACTTCGAAGAACGTATGAACGGC PDEAEQDCIEFGKKIANI
TACGGTTGCGTTGTTGTTGAGACCCCGCTGATCGTTCAGA
ACGAGCCGGACGAAGCTGAGCAGGACTGCATCGAATTTGG
TAAGAAGATCGCGAACATCTAGTAGA
Genetic material of cells
GENES units of genetic material that CODES
FOR A SPECIFIC TRAIT

Called NUCLEIC ACIDS

DNA is made up of repeating molecules called

NUCLEOTIDES
Asam Nukleat
DNA dan RNA
Polimer polinukleotida
Monomer : Nukleotida
Gula

Fosfat

Basa
Komponen Asam Nukleat
DNA
DNA Vs RNA

Karakteristik DNA RNA

Gula Deoksiribosa Ribosa
Basa AGCT AGCU
Untai Ganda Tunggal
Ikatan antar basa Fosfodiester Fosfodiester
Fungsi Penyimpan informasi Hasil transkripsi
Letak Prokariot : Sitoplasma Prokariot : sitoplasma
Eukariot : nukleus Eukariot : Nukleus dan
sitoplasma
 Protein

Hasil translasi
( RNA protein)
Polimer
Polipeptida
Monomer : Asam
Amino (20 asam
amino)
Ikatan peptida
Asam Amino
Bentuk Protein
Asam Nukleat vs Protein

Karakteristik Asam Nukleat Protein

Polimer ya Ya
Monomer nukleotida Asam amino
Polaritas 5 3 NC
Ikatan Fosfodiester Peptida
Fungsi Penyimpan informasi Hasil ekspresi DNA
Fungsi Protein
Struktural
Keratin
Kolagen

Fungsional
Motilitas: flagelin
Enzim : piruvat kinase
Kontraksi: Aktin, Miosin
Hormon : Lisozim
Reseptor : Asetilkolin
Antibodi : Imunoglobin
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

DNA DNA (Replikasi)

DNA RNA (Transkripsi)

RNA Protein ( Translasi)

Replikasi
Transkripsi
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