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The Handbook of Sidescan Sonar

Philippe Blondel

The Handbook of
Sidescan Sonar

Published in association with


Praxis Publishing
Chichester, UK
Dr Philippe Blondel, C.Geol., F.G.S., Ph.D., M.Sc.
Senior Scientist
Department of Physics
University of Bath
Bath
UK

SPRINGERPRAXIS BOOKS IN GEOPHYSICAL SCIENCES


SUBJECT ADVISORY EDITOR: Philippe Blondel, C.Geol., F.G.S., Ph.D., M.Sc., Senior Scientist, Department of
Physics, University of Bath, Bath, UK

ISBN 978-3-540-42641-7 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York

Springer is part of Springer-Science + Business Media (springer.com)

Library of Congress Control Number: 2008924629

Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism
or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this
publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any
means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of
reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the
Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms
should be sent to the publishers.

# Praxis Publishing Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2009

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this
publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specic statement, that such
names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free
for general use.

Cover design: Jim Wilkie


Project management: OPS Ltd, Gt Yarmouth, Norfolk, UK

Printed in Germany on acid-free paper




 
                                              
                                       
 
                                          
 
                                           
 
                                

                                           


  

                                 

                              


   
                           
  
                               
  
                            
                           
  
 
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Printing: Mercedes-Druck, Berlin


Binding: Stein + Lehmann, Berlin
Figure 3.8. The 3-D bathymetry acquired with the swath sonar IMI-30 between the islands of
Maui and Hawaii, in perspective (top). Sidescan sonar imagery, acquired with the same sonar
and at the same metric resolution, can then be draped over the bathymetry (bottom).
Figure 4.1. Backscatter proles are measured over the entire area ensonied by the sidescan sonar: (0) background
noise and reverberation from the water column; (1) rst seabed returns from small rubble; (2) fault scarp and
transition to smoother terrain; (3a) volcano slope facing toward the sonar; (3b) dip in the backscatter levels,
associated with the caldera at the top of the volcano; (3c) volcano slope, facing away from the sonar; (4a) strong
decrease in reectivity, associated with a ssure on the ground; (4b) return of reectivity to its previous levels on the
other side of the ssure; (5) fault scarp.
Figure 5.1a. Three-dimensional view of a portion of the slow-spreading Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and
bathymetric prole across the ridge. The 60 km length intends to show the depth variations across
the swath of a low-resolution sidescan sonar (like GLORIA, with a swath width of 60 km). The
swath widths of a medium-resolution sonar like TOBI (6 km) and a high-resolution sonar like
DSL-120 (1 km) have been added to show the depth (and imaging angle variations) that can be expected
depending on the sonars height and expected track (i.e., centered on the ridge or on one side).
Image and prole were computed using GeoMapApp (http://www. geomapapp.org/) and compilation
bathymetry from the Ridge 2000 Data Portal (http://www.marine-geo.org/portals/ridge2000/) (Carbotte
et al., 2004).
Figure 5.1b. Three-dimensional view of a portion of the fast-spreading East Pacic Rise, and bathymetric
prole across the ridge. Explanations and source credits are similar to those of Figure 5.1a.
Figure 5.3. Shaded bathymetry and proles showing two dierent subduction zones: (a) Mariana
Trench; (b) Columbia Trench. Images and proles were computed using GeoMapApp (http://www.
geomapapp.org/) and compilation bathymetry from the Ridge 2000 Data Portal (http://www.marine-
geo.org/portals/ridge2000/) (Carbotte et al., 2004).
Figure 6.12.
General
bathymetry of
the polar seas.
(Top) Arctic
polar seas,
outlined in white
(adapted from
Jakobsson et al.,
2008). Mostly
covered by ice,
the Arctic seas
encompass a
large variety of
terrains,
including
glaciated
continental
margins and
active mid-ocean
ridges. (Bottom)
Antarctic polar
seas (created
using
GeoMapApp:
http://
www.geomap
app.org/;
Carbotte et al.,
2007), roughly
outlined in
white. Arrows
show the main
paths of iceberg
drifts (from
Wille, 2002). The
areas around the
ice-covered
Antarctic shelf
encompass
subduction
zones, mid-ocean
ridges, and
abyssal plains.
Figure 8.11. GeoSwathPlus interferometric bathymetry from a morainic ridge extending for
more than 1 km across the Luzern Lake near Gersau, Switzerland. The bathymetry is color-
coded from red (0 m) to deep blue (200 m) (reproduced by permission from Dr. Flavio
Anselmetti, EAWAG, the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology).
Figure 8.12. GeoSwathPlus interferometric bathymetry from the southern part of the Umersee
(Lake Luzern), including the Reuss delta (south) (image width is approximately 2.2 km). The
bathymetry is color-coded from red (0 m) to deep blue (200 m). It shows a wealth of details
about the lake bed, including the changes to the Reuss delta from sand and gravel extraction
(reproduced by permission from Dr. Flavio Anselmetti, EAWAG, the Swiss Federal Institute of
Aquatic Science andTechnology).

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