Chng 3

QUY HOCH TUYN TNH

BI TP

1. Lp m hnh bi ton

1.1. Nhn dp tt trung thu, x nghip sn xut bnh "Trng" mun sn xut 3 loi bnh :
u xanh, thp cm v bnh do nhn u xanh. sn xut 3 loi bnh ny, x nghip
cn: ng, u, bt, trng, mt, lp xng, ... Gi s s ng c th chun b c l
500kg, u l 300kg, cc nguyn liu khc mun bao nhiu cng c. Lng ng, u
cn thit v li nhun thu c trn mt ci bnh mi loi cho trong bng sau

Bnh Bnh u Bnh thp Bnh do

Nguyn liu xanh cm
ng (g) 60 40 70
u (g) 80 0 40
Li nhun (ng) 2000 1700 1800
Cn lp k hoch sn xut mi loi bnh bao nhiu ci khng b ng v ng,
u v tng li nhun thu c l ln nht nu sn xut bao nhiu cng bn ht.

1.2. Mt x nghip dt hin c 3 loi si : Cotton, Kat, Polyester vi khi lng tng
ng l 3; 2,5; 4,2 (tn). Cc yu t sn xut khc c s lng ln. X nghip c th sn
xut ra 3 loi vi A, B, C (vi kh b rng nht nh) vi mc tiu hao cc loi si sn
xut ra mt mt vi cc loi cho trong bng sau

Loi vi A B C
Loi si(g)
Cotton 200 200 100
Kat 100 200 100
Polyester 100 100 200

84
Bit li nhun thu c khi sn xut mt mt vi cc loi A, B, C tng ng l 350, 480,
250 (ng). Sn phm sn xut ra u c th tiu th c ht vi s lng khng hn
ch, nhng t l v s mt vi ca B v C phi l 1 : 2.

Hy xy dng bi ton tm k hoch sn xut ti u.

1.3. Mt tri chn nui nh nui 3 loi b : b sa, b cy v b tht. S liu iu tra
c cho trong bng sau, vi n v tnh l ngn ng / con.

Loi b B sa B cy B tht D tr
Chi ph
Vn 123 127 162 7020
Chi ph chn nui 18 15 15 800
Li 59 49 57
Tm s b mi loi cn nui sao cho tng tin li l ln nht. Bit rng s b sa
khng qu 18 con.

1.4. Mt i sn xut d nh dng 31 so t trng bp ci, c chua, u, khoai ty,

hnh. Cc s liu cho trong bng sau

Ti nguyn D Bp C u Khoai Hnh

tr ci chua ty
Lao ng 1892 79 55 23 26 35
(cng/so)
Chi ph 1828 38 22 31 63 50
(ngn ng/so)

Li 376 128 104 177 310

(ngn ng/so)

Tm phng n phn phi t trng cc loi rau c li nhiu nht.

1.5. sn xut 3 loi sn phm I, II, III, ngi ta cn dng 4 loi nguyn liu N1 , N2 ,
N3 , N4 , vi cc s liu c cho trong bng sau

Nguyn D tr Sn phm Sn phm Sn phm

85
 liu (kg) I II III
N1 22 2 3 1
N2 16 2 1 0
N3 18 0 0 3
N4 21 3 3 4
Thu nhp 7 5 6
Tm phng n phn phi sn xut sao cho tng thu nhp ca x nghip l ln nht.

1.6. Mt ch nng tri c quyn s hu 100 mu t d nh trng 3 loi cy A, B, C.

Chi ph ht ging tng ng cho 3 loi cy A, B, C l 40$, 20$, 30$. S tin ti a c th
chi cho vic mua ht ging l 3200$. S ngy cng chm sc cho cc loi cy A, B, C
trn mt mu tng ng l 1, 2, 1. S ngy cng ti a c th c l 160. Nu li nhun
trn mt mu ca mi loi cy cho bi : A l 100$, B l 300$, C l 200$, th phi trng
mi loi cy bao nhiu mu thu li nhun ti a.

1.7. Mt hng sn xut my vi tnh c hai phn xng lp rp A, B v hai i l phn

phi I, II. Xng A c th rp ti a 700 my/thng v xng B rp ti a 900
my/thng. i l I tiu th t nht 500 my/thng v i l II tiu th t nht 1000
my/thng. Cc ph vn chuyn mt my t cc xng n cc i l cho trong bng
sau

i l I i l II
Xng A 6$ 5$
Xng B 4$ 8$
Tm k hoch vn chuyn ti u tng cc ph vn chuyn my t cc xng
n cc i l phn phi cc tiu.

1.8. C 2 ni cung cp khoai ty I v II theo khi lng ln lt l 100 tn v 200 tn. C

3 ni tiu th khoai ty: A, B, C vi yu cu tng ng l 75 tn, 125 tn v 100 tn.
Cc ph vn chuyn (ngn/tn) vn chuyn t cc ni cung cp n ni tiu th c
cho trong bng sau

Tiu th A B C
Cung cp

86
 I 10 14 30
II 12 20 17
Mun chuyn ch khoai ty vi tng cc ph nh nht. Lp m hnh bi ton.

1.9. Mt ngi c s tin l 100 t ng d nh u t vo cc loi hnh sau y:

Gi tit kim khng k hn vi li sut l 6,5%/nm.

Gi tit kim c k hn vi li sut 8,7%/nm.

Mua tn phiu vi li sut l 10%/nm.

Cho doanh nghip t nhn vay vi li sut l 13%/nm.

trnh ri ro, ngi ny quyt nh u t theo cc ch dn ca nh t vn u t nh

sau:

Khng cho doanh nghip t nhn vay qu 20% s vn.

S tin mua tn phiu khng vt qu tng s tin u t vo 3 loi hnh kia.

u t t nht l 30% tng s tin vo gi tit kim c k hn v mua tn phiu.

T l tin gi tit kim khng k hn trn tin tit lim c k hn khng qu 1/3.

Ngi ny cho vay ton b s tin.

Hy lp m hnh ton , xc nh phng n u t ti u ngi ny t c li

nhun cao nht, theo ng ch dn ca nh u t.

1.10. Mt cng ty c k hoch qung co mt loi sn phm do cng ty sn xut trong

thi gian mt thng vi tng chi ph l 100 triu ng. Cc phng tin c chn
qung co sn phm l : truyn hnh, bo v pht thanh vi s liu c cho bi bng sau

Phng tin Chi ph mi ln S ln qung D on s

qung co qung co co ti a ngi xem
(triu ng) trong thng trong mi ln
Truyn hnh 1,5 60 15000

87
 (1 pht)
Bo 1 26 30000
(1/2 trang)
Pht thanh 0,5 90 9000
(1 pht)

V l do chin lc tip th nn cng ty yu cu phi c t nht 30 ln qung co

trn truyn hnh trong thng. Hy lp m hnh bi ton sao cho phng n qung co sn
phm ca cng ty l ti u ?

2. a cc bi ton quy hoch tuyn tnh sau y v dng chnh tc

2.1. f (x) x1 x2 x3 min

x1 x3 1

x2 x3 1
x1 0.

2.2. f (x) 3x1 2x2 4x3 max

2x1 x2 x3 1

4x1 3x2 x3 2
x 2x3 4
1
x1 0; x 2 0.

2.3 f (x) x1 x2 2x 3 x 4 min

x1 x2 x4 1

x1 x2 x4 3
x2 x3 1

x1 , x 2 0.

88
2.4 f (x) 2x1 x2 4x3 5x4 min
x1 3x2 5x3 3x4 16

2x1 x2 2x3 2x4 8
4x 3x2 x3 x4 8
1
x1 , x2 0; x3 0.

2.5 f (x) 8x1 7x2 6x3 max

x1 2x2 x3 2

2x1 x2 x3 1
x 5x 2x 6
1 2 3

x1 0, x2 , x3 .

2.6 f (x) x1 2x 2 x 3 2x4 max

x1 x 2 x 3 x4 2

x1 x 3 2x4 1
x1 0, x2 0, x3 0, x4 0.

2.7 f (x) 6x1 8x2 8x3 min

x1 4x2 x3 5

x1 x2 2x3 6
x 2x x 7
1 2 3

x1 , x2 0, x3 0.

2.8 f (x) 4x1 8x2 6x3 min

3x1 6x2 7x3 70

5x1 9x2 3x3 50
2x 8x 4x 60
1 2 3

x j 0, j 1, 3.

89
 2.9 f (x) 2x1 x 2 max
6x1 7x2 84

2x1 3x2 24
4x 3x 36
1 2

0 x1 6, 0 x2 7.

2.10 f (x) 2x1 x 2 x4 max

3x1 4x2 x3 2x 4 4

x1 2x2 3x3 x 4 3
2x 5x 4x 5x 2
1 2 3 4

x j 0, j 1, 4.

2.11 f (x) 8x1 7x2 6x 4 min

x1 2x 2 x3 2

2x1 x 2 x3 1
x1 0, x 2 , x3 0.

3. Gii cc quy hoch tuyn tnh sau bng phng php hnh hc

3.1. f (x) 2x1 x2 (max)

2x1 x2 2

x1 2x2 6

5x1 x2 15
x i 0 , i 1, 2

3.2. f (x) x1 2x 2 min (max)

6x1 x2 18

x1 4x 2 12

2x1 x2 10
x i 0 , i 1, 2

90
 3.3. f (x) 3x1 2x2 max
2x1 x2 5

x1 x2 1
x x2 3
1
x1 , x 2 0.

3.4. f (x) 2x1 5x2 min

x1 2x2 3

x1 x2 4
x1 , x 2 0.

3.5. f (x) 4x1 3x2 max

x1 2x2 4

2x1 x2 3
x x2 10
1
x1 , x 2 0.

3.6. f (x) 3x1 7x 2 min

2x1 4x2 5

3x1 x2 4
4x 5x 2 8
1
x1 , x2 0.

3.7. Ngi ta thnh lp mt cu hng khng vn chuyn 1400 hnh khch v 90 tn

hng. C hai loi my bay :
- Loi A : 10 chic, mi chic ch 200 ngi v 6 tn hng, tin thu 4 triu/chic.
- Loi B : 9 chic, mi chic ch 100 ngi v 15 tn hng, tin thu 1 triu/chic.

Hi phi thu bao nhiu my bay mi loi chi ph l thp nht. Bit rng t nht
phi thu 4 my bay loi A.

3.8. Mt t hp sn xut hai loi hng :

- Mi sn phm loi I cn 2 kg nguyn liu v 30 gi lm, em li mc li 4000
ng/sn phm.
91
 - Mi sn phm loi II cn 4 kg nguyn liu v 15 gi lm, em li mc li 3000
ng/sn phm.

Bit t hp c 200 kg nguyn liu v 1200 gi lm. Hi t hp phi sn xut mi

loi hng bao nhiu sn phm t li nhun cao nht ?

4. Chng minh bi ton gii c, tm phng n, phng n cc bin, phng n ti u

ca bi ton quy hoch tuyn tnh

4.1. Cho bi ton

f (x) 4x1 2x 2 3x3 3x4 min

x1 2x 2 x3 3x4 10

x1 x2 x3 x4 6
2x x2 3x3 8
1
x j 0, j 1, 4.

Chng minh bi ton trn gii c.

4.2. Cho bi ton

f (x) 2x1 x2 x 3 3x4 min

x1 2x2 x3 16

x2 4x 3 x4 8
x2 2x3 3x 4 20

x j 0, j 1, 4.

Vect x0 6, 0,10, 0 c phi l phng n, phng n cc bin ?

4.3. Cho bi ton sau

f (x) x1 x2 3x3 5x4 min

3x1 x2 3x3 x4 2

x2 2x3 x4 7
2x x2 x3 x4 12
1
x1 0; x3 , x4 0.
92
a. Chng minh bi ton trn gii c.

b. Bi ton c phng n cc bin ti u khng? V sao.

5. Gii cc bi ton sau bng phng php n hnh.

5.1. f (x) 2x1 10x2 4x3 8x 4 8x5 3x6 min

x1 x4 5

3 x x5 2x6 11
5 1

x3 x6 5
3 6
x1 x2 x 4
5 5 6
x j 0, j 1, 6.

p n : x 5, 7, 0, 0, 4, 5 .

5.2. f (x) 2x1 x2 2x3 5x4 5x5 5x 6 max

2x1 4x 2 x3 x6 1

x1 4x 2 x3 x5 4
x 3x2 x3 x4 4
1
x j 0, j 1, 6.

p s : Tr s f (x) khng b chn trn tp phng n.

5.3. f (x) x1 x2 2x3 3x 4 4x5 x6 min

3
x1 x 2x5 x6 x7 40
2 2
2x2 x3 x5 3x 6 x7 10
1
x x4 x5 2x6 x7 60
2 2
x j 0, j 1, 7.

p s : Tr s f (x) khng b chn trn tp phng n.

93
5.4. f (x) x1 2x2 4x 3 3x4 min
2x1 x2 x3 x4 4

6x1 3x2 3x3 2x4 18
x x2 x3 x4 10
1
x j 0, j 1, 4.

p s : x 2, 6, 0, 6

5.5. f (x) 2x1 3x 2 2x3 x 4 x5 4x6 3x7 min

2x2 x3 x4 x6 2x7 26

x1 3x2 x3 3x4 x6 4x7 20

x3 x5 x6 5x7 1
2x2 2x 3 x4 4x7 16

x j 0, j 1,7.

p s : Bi ton khng c phng n.

5.6. f (x) 2x1 x2 2x3 2x 4 x5 4x6 x7 min

x2 x3 x4 x6 2x7 6

x1 x3 3x 4 x6 4x7 10

2x2 x3 x5 x6 5x7 3
2x2 2x3 x4 4x7 12

x j 0, j 1,7.

p s : x 0, 6,14, 0, 0, 0,1 .
5.7. f (x) 2x1 5x 2 x 3 3x4 5x5 x 6 min
x1 x4 5

4
x2 x x5 21
5 3
x3 x6 10

3x1 5x2 6x3 90
x j 0, j 1, 6.

94

p s : x 5,15, 0, 0, 6,10 .
6. Gii cc bi ton sau bng phng php n hnh

6.1. f (x) 4x1 3x 2 x3 max

x1 x2 3x3 10

x1 2x2 2x3 60

x1 x2 8
x 3x2 x3 12
1
x j 0, j 1, 3.

p s : x 0, 8, 6 .

6.2. f (x) 2x1 4x 2 x3 3x4 max

2x1 x2 x3 2x4 19

2x2 6x3 3x4 12

x1 3x 2 x4 17
4x 2x2 2x3 x4 8
1
x j 0, j 1, 4.

p s : x 0, 0,1, 6 .
6.3. f (x) 4x1 2x2 3x 3 3x 4 min
x1 2x2 x3 3x4 10

x1 x2 x3 x4 6
2x x2 3x3 8
1
x j 0, j 1, 4.

p s :

95
6.4. f (x) 2x1 x 2 x3 6x4 max
x1 2x 2 4x3 x4 9

3x1 2x2 x3 4
5x 3x 2 x4 1
1
x j 0, j 3; x 3 0.

p s : x 0, 0, 2,1 .

6.5. f (x) x1 3x2 2x3 7x 4 min

x1 2x2 3x4 7

2x1 3x 2 x3 x4 8
x x2 x4 9
1
x j 0, j 1, 4.

p s : x 5, 0, 0, 4 .

7. Gii cc bi ton sau bng phng php n hnh

7.1. f (x) 2x1 x 2 x3 4x 4 max

5x1 x2 x3 6x4 50

3x1 x3 2x4 16
4x 3x3 x4 23
1
x j 0, j 1, 4.

p s : x 0, 14, 6, 5 .

7.2. f (x) x1 2x2 x3 4x4 x5 min

2x1 2x2 4x4 2x5 64

5 x x2 2x4 3x5 20
1
2
x x2 x4 2x5 27
1
2x1 3x2 x3 2x4 x5 24
x j 0, j 1, 5.

96

p s : x 24, 8, 0, 0, 0 .

7.3. f (x) x1 3x2 5x3 3x 4 6x5 max

10
2x1 x2 3x 3 x 5x5 42
3 4
2x 2
1
2x3 x 2x5 18
3 4

5x1 3x 3 2x4 3x5 0
x 2x3 6x4 3x5 21
1
x j 0, j 1, 5.

p s : x 1, 10, 10, 0, 0 .
7.4. f (x) 7x1 3x 2 2x 3 x4 x5 max
x1 2x 2 x3 2x4 44

x1 x2 2x3 3x4 x5 28

2x1 x2 x3 4x 4 22
x2 2x3 x4 20

x j 0, j 1, 5.

p s : x 0, 8, 14, 0, 48 .
7.5. f (x) 3x1 2x2 x 3 3x 4 x5 max
2x1 x2 2x3 2x 4 4x5 12

4x1 3x3 x4 2x5 10

2x1 2x3 3x 4 26
2x 2x3 3x 4 4x5 8
1
x j 0, j 1, 5.

p s : Bi ton khng c phng n ti u.

8. Bi tp tng hp

8.1. Cho bi ton quy hoch tuyn tnh sau

97
 f (x) 4x1 4x2 x3 3x4 min
3x1 x3 x4 8

x1 5x2 4x3 x4 9
2x x2 x3 2x4 5
1
x j 0, j 1, 4.

11 1
a. Chng minh rng x0 , 0, 0, l phng n cc bin. Xut pht t x 0 ,
4 4

tm li gii ca bi ton bng phng php n hnh.

b. Thay iu kin x 2 0 bi x 2 0 . Tm li gii ca bi ton.

p s : a) x 3, 0, 1, 0 ;

b) Bi ton khng c li gii.

8.2. Cho bi ton quy hoch tuyn tnh

f (x) 4x1 2x 2 x3 min

x1 x2 2x3 2

4x1 3x 2 x3 12
2x x2 8
1
x j 0, j 1, 3.

a. Gii bi ton trn bng phng php n hnh.

b. C kt lun g v li gii ca bi ton nu f (x) max . Hy ch ra tp phng
n m f (x) tng v hn.
26 20
p s : a) x , 0, ; b) Bi ton khng c li gii.
7 7

26 20
x() , 0, , 0 .
7 7 2

8.3. Cho bi ton quy hoch tuyn tnh

98
 f (x) 3x1 2x2 x 3 4x 4 x5 max
4x1 x2 2x3 2x4 4x5 38

5x1 3x3 x4 2x5 4

4x1 2x3 5x4 56
4x 2x3 3x4 4x5 16
1
x j 0, j 1, 5.

a. Gii bi ton trn bng phng php n hnh.

b. Tm phng n ti u ca bi ton khi c thm iu kin f (x) 20.
p s : a) Bi ton khng c li gii

b) x 120, 54, 232, 0, 0

9. Gii bi ton quy hoch tuyn tnh sau bng phng php n hnh

9.1. f (x) 3x1 4x 2 2x 3 2x 4 min

2x1 2x2 x4 28

x1 5x2 3x3 2x 4 31
2x 2x 2x x 16
1 2 3 4

x j 0 , j 1, 4 .

9.2. f (x) 3x1 2x 2 2x 3 x 4 min

2x1 x 2 4x3 x4 10

3x1 2x2 x3 2x 4 8
4x x 2x 4
1 2 3

x j 0 , j 1, 4 .

9.3. f (x) x1 2x 2 3x 3 x 4 min

x1 2x 2 3x 3 15

2x1 x 2 5x3 20
x 2x x x 10
1 2 3 4

99
 x j 0 , j 1, 4 .

9.4. f (x) 2x1 x 2 x 3 min

2x1 x 2 x3 7

3x1 x 2 x 3 8
2x x3 5
1

x j 0 , j 1, 3 .

9.5. f (x) x1 x 2 2x 3 min

x1 3x 2 x3 5

3x1 x2 3x3 2
2x 3x x 8
1 2 3

x j 0 , j 1, 3.

100