Code G: Spring Test & Measurement of Bending Stress using Strain Gauge

AM2540: Strength of Materials Laboratory

Name: Rishbha Jain ME16B162

Sushrat Ranade ME16B161

Raghu ME16B160

Date:21/08/17

EXPERIMENT 1: SPRING STIFF

Aim: To find the spring constants of the given springs and to compare the estimated spring constant
with those obtained from theoretical calculations.

Useful Data: g= 9.8 m/s, G=80.0 GPa for mild steel

Spring 1:

Load Loading Loading Unloading Unloading Mean

Load(kg) (N) (Vernier) (Deflection) (Vernier) (Deflection) Deflection
S.No
1 0 0 12.2 0 12.0 0 0
2 0.5 4.9 12.1 0.1 11.9 0.2 0.15
3 1 9.8 11.9 0.3 11.7 0.3 0.3
4 1.5 14.7 11.7 0.5 11.5 0.5 0.5
5 2 19.6 11.5 0.7 11.2 0.8 0.75
6 2.5 24.5 11.2 1.0 11.2 0.8 0.9

Observations: 1) Spring was in the shape of frustum.

2) Variation of Load with Deflection is mostly linear.

Dimensions of spring 1: n=33, r1=21mm,r2=32.3mm,D=(r1+r2)/2=26.7mm,R=D/2=13.35mm,

k=15.87N/cm, r=1.58mm.
 Extension(mm)
1
y = 0.3714x - 0.031
0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
-0.2

Spring 2:

Load Loading Loading Unloadi- Unloading Mean

S.No (kg) Load (N) Vernier Deflection ng Deflection Deflection
(average) (Vernier)
(average
)
1 0 0 11.3,12.2 0 10.9,12.2 0 0
2 0.5 4.9 11,12.0 0.3,0.2 10.5,11.9 0.4,0.3 0.3
3 1 9.8 10.6,11.6 0.7,0.6 10.3,11.5 0.6,0.7 0.65
4 1.5 14.7 10.3,11.3 1.0,0.9 9.9,11.2 1,1 0.99
5 2 19.6 10,10.9 1.3,1.3 9.6,10.9 1.3,1.3 1.3
6 2.5 23.5 9.6,10.6 1.6,1.6 9.6,10.6 1.3,1.6 1.525
Observations: 1) The spring is cylindrical in shape, with turns evenly spaced apart.

2) The extension is almost linear.

Dimensions of Spring: R=mm, n=11, k=19.37N/cm, r=2.8mm,

Graph for Spring 2:

Extension
1.8
1.6 y = 0.6266x + 0.011
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

For Spring 3:
S.No Load(kg) Load Loading Loading Unloading Unloading Mean
(N) (Vernier) (Deflection) (Vernier) (Deflection) Deflection
1 0 0 41,41.1 0 41.4,41.1 0 0
2 0.5 4.9 41.3,41.4 0.3,0.3 41.4,41.4 0,0.3 0.225
3 1 9.8 41.4,41.5 0.4,0.4 41.5,41.4 0.1,0.3 0.3
4 1.5 14.7 41.5,41.6 0.5,0.5 41.6,41.5 0.2,0.4 0.4
5 2 19.6 41.7,41.7 0.7,0.6 41.9,41.7 0.5,0.6 0.6
6 2.5 23.5 41.9,41.9 0.9,0.8 41.9,41.9 0.5,0.8 0.75

Observation: 1) The spring was cylindrical in shape, turns were closely spaced.
2) The extension was linear.

Dimensions of Spring 3: n=34, R=31.8mm, r=3.02mm, k=15.22 N/cm

 deflection
0.8
y = 0.2843x + 0.0238
0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

Inference:
1) The spring constant is determined experimentally by plotting the graph of load vs deflection and
finding the slope by least square fit, under the linear trendline.
2) Difference between the experimental and theoretical values of the spring constant are due to the
friction between the spring and the points where it is in contact with the stationary part of the
apparatus, and imperfect measurements/load weights/human error.

EXPERIMENT 2: BENDING STRESS

Aim: To measure tensile bending stress at the root of a cantilever beam to tip transverse loading
using a strain gauge.
Observation: (Stress and Strain values are in N/mm2)

Deflection(mm) Load(P) Mb(N-mm) Stress Strain

(Theoretical) (Theoretical)-10-6
.5 1.601 -397.04 3.9704 56.7
1 3.202 -794.10 7.9410 113.4
1.5 4.805 -1191.14 11.9114 170.1
2 6.407 -1588.19 15.8819 226.8
2.5 8.009 -1985.24 19.8524 283.5
3 9.611 -2382.28 23.8228 340.2
3.5 11.213 -2779.33 27.7933 396.9
4 12.814 -3176.37 31.7637 453.6
4.5 14.416 -3573.42 35.7342 510.3

S.N Deflection Display Strain Stress Stress %

O (mm) Value Strain (Theoretic (Theoretica (experime Difference
(Expt.)- al) 10-6 l) ntal)
10-6
1 0.5 23 23 56.7 3.9704 1.587 60.03

2 1 79 79 113.4 7.9410 5.451 31.35

3 1.5 137 137 170.1 11.9114 9.453 20.64

4 2 194 194 226.8 15.8819 13.386 15.71

5 2.5 254 254 283.5 19.8524 17.526 11.72

6 3 316 316 340.2 23.8228 21.804 8.47

7 3.5 377 377 396.9 27.7933 26.013 6.41

8 4 438 438 453.6 31.7637 30.222 4.85

9 4.5 501 501 510.3 35.7342 34.569 3.26

Calculations:
Flexure relation:
Mb / Izz = - xx /y = E/

Deflection=PL03 /3EIzz

Mb=-PL1

b=2.5cm , h=6mm

Izz=bh3/12=4.5*10-10
Y=3mm

L1=24.5cm

L0=25.5cm

Inference:
1)Application of load on the end of the cantilever beam gives rise to a stress that can be measured
from the machine
2)The experimental stress and strain is calculated from values given from machine and hookes law
3)The theoretical stress and strain is calculated from the formulae provided.