Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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privete realizarea unui cadru juridic adecvat the van of the fight against international
i punerea n aplicare a prevederilor legale cu criminality, regarding the accomplishment of
privire la cooperarea i asistena judiciar an adequate juridical framework and the
internaional n materie penal. [1, p. 11] application of the legal stipulations referring
Asistena judiciar n materie penal to the cooperation and the international
poate fi neleas n sens larg, dar i ntr-un judicial assistance in criminal matterss. [1, p.
sens mai restrns: asistena judiciar n sens 11]
larg include extrdarea, iar asistena judiciar Judicial assistance in criminal
n sens restrns se refer la: transferul matterss may be largely, but also restrainedly
procedurilor, transferul persoanelor understood: judicial assistance in a large
condamnate, precum i la recunoaterea i sense includes extradition, and judicial
executarea hotrrilor. assistance in a restrained sense refers to: the
Asistena judiciar, n sens restrns transfer of procedures, the transfer of
(asistena judiciar mic sau accesorie), se sentenced persons, and also the
refer la sprijinul furnizat de autoritile acknowledgement and the execution of
judiciare ale unui stat, celor ale unui alt stat decisions.
pentru realizarea anchetelor, comunicarea de Judicial assistance, in a restrained
citaii sau de alte acte de procedur, sau pur sense (the small or accessory judicial
i simplu, pentru furnizarea de informaii. assistance), refers to the support supplied by
Complexitatea juridic a asistenei the judicial authorities of a state, the ones of
judiciare este o consecin a acumulrii de another state for accomplishing the
reglementri internaionale i naionale, care investigations, the communication of
trebuie aplicate n acelai timp: autoritile subpoenas or of other procedure documents,
solicitante trebuie s stabileasc n fiecare or simply for the information supply.
situaie care este instrumentul aplicabil, s The juridical complexity of judicial
verifice dac exist prevederi mai favorabile assistance is a consequence of the
i, n ceea ce privete conveniile accumulation of international and national
multilaterale, s identifice prile, precum i regulations that should be applied at the
posibilele declaraii sau comunicri, cu same time: the demanding authorities should
privire la modalitile de transmitere i establish, in each case, which is the
limbile acceptate. applicable tool, they should check if there are
Romnia promoveaz n relaiile sale more favourable stipulations and, regarding
internaionale principiul cooperrii, care the multilateral conventions, they should
astfel a devenit parte integrant a politicii identify the parties, and also the possible
sale externe. declarations or communications, regarding
Statele nu-i realizeaz astfel opera the ways of transmission and the accepted
lor de justiie n mod ermetic, izolat unele de languages.
altele, ci se ajut acordndu-i reciproc Romania promotes, in its
asisten. [2, p.678] international relations, the cooperation
Dei iniial cooperarea internaional principle that has become thus an integrating
n materie penal avea un caracter exclusiv party of its external policy.
guvernamental, a cptat n zilele noastre noi The states do not accomplish thus
dimensiuni i valene. hermetically their justice work, in an isolated
Dac n trecut se folosea sintagma way one from another, but they help each
asisten juridic internaional pentru a other by granting mutual assistance. [2,
desemna diferite forme de ntrajutorare p.678]
interstatal n acest domeniu, astzi Even if initially the international
folosindu-se termenul de cooperare pentru cooperation in criminal matterss had an
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acestei nclcri care continu s se produc Respecting the listed desiderata was
i care nu pot fi remediate dect prin legislatively transposed by introducing art.
revizuirea hotrrii pronunate. Competena 4081 of the Criminal Procedure Code
de soluionare a cererii de revizuire revine stipulating that the decisions pronounced in
naltei Curi de Casaie i Justiie n complet the causes when the European Court of
de 9 judectori. Human Rights has found a deviation from a
Elementul principal care a stat la right stipulated by the Convention for
baza apariiei i dezvoltrii ulterioare a Protecting the Human Basic Rights and the
cooperrii internaionale i fr de care Liberties, we may submit to the review, if
aceasta nu se putea concepe, l-a constituit there are serious consequences of this
ncrederea reciproc ntr-un cadru deviation that continues to be produced and
instituional bine reglementat. that can be remediated only by reviewing the
Cooperarea judiciar internaional n pronounced decision. The jurisdiction of
materie penal reprezint doar un domeniu n settling the reviewing demand belongs to the
cadrul activitilor specifice de cooperare High Court of Cassation and Justice in all 9
ntre statele lumii, domeniu extrem de judges.
important care s-a impus cu necesitate nc The main element that was basis of
de la nceputul secolului trecut. the subsequent appearance and development
Cooperarea judiciar internaional n of international cooperation and without
materie penal nu este o noiune inventat n which it could not have been conceived,
secolul trecut,fiind cunoscut din cele mai consisted of the mutual trust in a well
vechi timpuri. Firete c la nceput regulated institutional frame.
cooperarea judiciar se rezuma la rezolvarea International judicial cooperation in
intereselor, de multe ori personale ale criminal matters represents only a field in
monarhilor n lupta acestora cu opozanii lor frame of the specific activities of cooperation
politici. [5, p.16] between the world states, an extremely
Dezvoltarea fr precedent a relaiilor important field that has been necessarily
internaionale n societatea contemporan a imposed since the beginning of the past
fost nsoit de o cretere, de asemenea fr century.
precedent, a criminalitii internaionale, prin The international judicial cooperation
proliferarea unor forme ale criminalitii in criminal matters is not a notion invented
organizate pe teritoriul mai multor state. in the past century, as it has been known
La momentul actual cooperarea since the oldest times. Naturally, at the
judiciar internaional n materie penal beginning the judicial cooperation was
reprezint o necesitate stringent asumat de resumed at settling the interests, often the
majoritatea statelor, care poate conduce la personal ones of the monarchs in their fight
obinerea unor succese importante n lupta against their political opposition. [5, p.16]
mpotriva criminalitii transfrontaliere. The development with no precedent
La nivelul Uniunii Europene s-au of the international relations in the
creat structuri specializate, att pentru contemporary society was accompanied by
prevenirea i combaterea criminalitii an increase, also with no precedent, of the
transfrontaliere, ct i pentru identificarea, international criminality, by proliferating
prinderea i tragerea la rspundere penal a certain forms of the organized criminality on
autorilor unor infraciuni care se sustrgeau the territory of several states.
cercetrilor. At present, the international judicial
Simplificarea procedurilor de cooperation in criminal matters represents a
extrdare prin introducerea mandatului necessity stringently assumed by most of the
european de arestare reprezint, un exemplu states, that may lead to the obtaining of some
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elocvent din acest punct de vedere. important successes in the fight against the
Crearea unui spaiu de libertate, cross-border criminality.
securitate i justiie, deziderat declarat i At the European Union level, they
asumat de Uniunea European, nu se poate created specialized structures both for
realiza dect n contextul perfecionrii preventing and combating the cross-border
cooperrii judiciare n materie penal ntre criminality and for identifying, catching and
statele membre. using the criminal responsibility of the
n ultimii ani, cooperarea judiciar authors of certain offences that skipped the
internaional a cunoscut noi i diversificate researches.
forme, unele legiferate prin norme juridice The simplification of extradition
interne altele prevazute n diferite tratate i procedures by introducing the European
convenii internaionale. arrest warrant represents an eloquent
Lupta contra fenomenului example from this viewpoint.
infracional necesit combaterea lui nu The creation of a space of freedom,
numai n limitele hotarelor unor ri, ci security and justice, a desideratum declared
impune msuri de colaborare i pe plan and assumed by the European Union can
internaional. Printre aceste msuri, trebuie only be accomplished in the context of
amintite n primul rnd conveniile de improving the judicial cooperation in
asisten judiciar ce se ncheie ntre criminal matters between the member states.
diversele state. De pild, ara noastr are During the recent years, the
ncheiate convenii de asisten judiciar cu international judicial cooperation has known
toate statele vecine i cu o seam de alte ri. new and diversified forms, some of them
n materia asistenei judiciare n lipsa being enacted by domestic juridical norms,
unor convenii internaionale pot cpta others being stipulated in different
eficien regulile generale ale reciprocitii, international treaties and conventions.
foarte frecvent ntlnit n domeniul relaiilor The fight against the criminal
internaionale. phenomenon needs to combat it not only in
Potrivit prevederilor Legii 302/2004, the limits of the frontiers of a country, but it
asistena judiciar internaional n materie also imposes collaboration measures at
penal cuprinde ndeosebi urmtoarele international level. Among these measures,
forme de cooperare: we should mention in the first place the
comisiile rogatorii internaionale; judicial assistance conventions that are
audierile prin videoconferine; contracted between different states. For
transmiterea spontan de example, our country has contracted judicial
informaii; assistance conventions with all the neighbour
livrrile supravegheate; states and with a lot of other countries.
anchetele sub acoperire; In the matter of judicial assistance, in
supravegerea transfrontalier; the absence of certain international
conventions, the general rules of mutuality
interceptarea i nregistrarea
may become efficient, as mutuality is very
convorbirilor i comunicrilor etc. [5, p.416]
frequently met in the international relations
Apariia cadrului legal ce
field.
reglementeaz activitatea investigatorilor sub
According to the stipulations of Law
acoperire a fost determinat de necesitile
302/2004, the international judicial
luptei mpotriva unor forme de criminalitate
assistance in criminal matters contains
atipice, ce se desfoar ntr-un mod
especially the following cooperation forms:
organizat i ermetic, astfel ncat activitatea
de probare a actelor infracionale prin international delegated
commissions;
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descoperirea i arestarea infractorilor, s fac assistance notion has two meanings: a more
posibil judecarea acestora de instana cea restrained meaning, the so-called juridical
mai ndreptit a o face i n cele mai bune assistance having a judicial feature (in
condiii. foro), by means of which we mean the
Prin asistena penal internaional se assistance the judicial organs of different
urmrete prevenirea fenomenului states grant to each other during the criminal
infracional sub ambele sale aspecte: att ca process and that is usually manifested by
prevenie special, ct i ca prevenie accomplishing or sending the procedural acts
general. Pentru realizarea acestui obiectiv become necessary and a larger meaning, by
complex este necesar extinderea colaborrii means of which we mean the assistance
statelor n direcia cunoaterii att a generally offered in frame of the fight
fenomenului infracional n profunzimea sa, against criminality (in et extra foro).
ct i a antecedentelor penale ale diferiilor A very big step was made in
infractori. combating the criminal phenomenon at the
Pe de alt parte, pentru desfurarea international level, by acknowledging and
n bune condiii a proceselor penale este consecrating the universality principle in the
indispensabil cunoaterea exact a faptelor, criminal codes of different states.
i deci examinarea tuturor probelor necesare. But at the same time, at the level of
nc nainte de aderare, Romnia a the state collaboration for preventing and
desemnat puncte de contact pentru Eurojust combating the criminal phenomenon, it has
(din 2002), iar n baza Acordului privind been manifested more and more the tendency
cooperarea ntre Romnia i Eurojust, semnat of certain larger international agreements in
la Bruxelles la 2 decembrie 2005, ratificat this field that should ease the discovery and
prin Legea nr. 58/2006, ncepnd cu 18 the arrestment of the criminals, that should
septembrie 2006 un procuror romn a fost make possible their judgement by the court
detaat la Haga, ca magistrat de legtur la that has the right to do it and in the best
Eurojust. conditions.
De la data aderrii, Acordul de By means of international criminal
cooperare i-a ncetat efectele, iar Romnia, assistance, we want to prevent the criminal
ca stat membru UE, i-a desemnat membrul phenomenon under both of its aspects: both
naional n Eurojust. as a special prevention and as a general one.
Eurojust nu trebuie confundat cu For accomplishing this complex objective, it
Reeaua Judiciar European (RJE / EJN), is necessary to extend the state collaboration
dei are o relaie strns cu aceasta. RJE a in the direction of knowing both the criminal
fost nfiinat printr-o Aciune Comun din phenomenon in its depth and the criminal
29 iunie 1998, tot pentru facilitarea records of different criminals.
cooperrii judiciare, ndeosebi mpotriva On the other hand, for the
formelor grave ale criminalitii, ns spre development in good conditions of the
deosebire de Eurojust aceasta este o structur criminal process, it is indispensable to know
flexibil, format din puncte de contact exactly the facts and to examine all the
desemnate de fiecare stat membru, care se necessary evidence.
ntlnesc de trei ori pe an (cte o reuniune If, before accession, Romania
organizat de preediniile semestriale ale assigned contact points for Eurojust (since
Consiliului, n ara care deine preedinia, i 2002), and based on the Agreement
o reuniune la Bruxelles, n luna februarie), regarding the cooperation between Romania
pentru a schimba opinii privind evoluiile n and Eurojust, signed in Brussels on
domeniu, iar n restul timpului, fiecare n ara December 2nd, 2005, ratified by Law no.
de origine, intermediaz contactul ntre 58/2006, starting with September 18th, 2006
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la identificarea infractorilor, facilitile ce the facility of passing the frontiers makes the
trebuie asigurate cercetrilor internaionale i catching and the arresting of certain
procedura de extrdare. criminals not only be accomplished, but it
n 1923, la Congresul internaional de also makes certain evidence means be
poliie de la Viena, s-a constituit o comisie insufficient.
internaional de poliie criminal, ale crei The absence of cooperation between
lucrri s-au desfurat de atunci anual, pn the states in identifying, arresting and
la al II-lea rzboi mondial. remitting the criminals constitutes a serious
n activitatea acestei comisii obstacle in accomplishing the activity of
internaionale gsim originea actualei using the criminal responsibility in the state
Organizaii internaionale a poliiei where offences have been accomplished.
criminale, Interpol, care a luat fiin n 1956, The criminal pursuit activity, as
sediul su iniial fiind la Paris. improved as it is, if it is developed
Dintre principalele instituii exclusively on the territory of a state, being
implicate n cooperarea judiciar lacked by the active participation of the
internaional n materie penal, putem police organs of different states, may often
meniona: Interpolul, Europolul, Punctul remain fruitless.
Naional Focal. The idea of state cooperation in the
Interpolul field of the judicial police activity, formed, at
Organizaia Internaional de Poliie the beginning, the subject of certain sporadic
Criminal (O.I.P.C.) - INTERPOL este o and isolated concerns concretized in some
instituie interguvernamental ce asigur bilateral agreements. Subsequently, the
asistena reciproc ntre poliiile rilor interest for this idea has got a special
membre, pentru prevenirea i reprimarea importance, by being the subject of some
criminalitii de drept comun; nu intervine n larger and larger studies and researches, at
probleme cu caracter politic, militar, religios the international level.
sau rasial; respect suveranitatea i The eve of the First World War was
independena fiecrei ri; asigur schimbul in April 1914, in Moscow, a first
de informaii cu caracter poliienesc la nivel international congress of the judicial police,
internaional; identific infractorii having the subject, among others, the
internaionali mpotriva crora s-au emis problem of centralizing the documents
mandate de arestare; coordoneaz activitatea referring to the identification of the
de supraveghere i prindere a infractorilor criminals, the facilities that should be
internaionali; la cerere, solicit informaii provided to the international researches and
necesare soluionrii unor cauze penale. the extradition procedure.
Interpolul are n fiecare stat membru In 1923, at the International Police
O.I.P.C. cte un Birou Central Naional, Congress in Vienne, they formed an
format din funcionari naionali care international commission of criminal police,
acioneaz ntotdeauna n cadrul juridic oferit whose works developed yearly since, until
de legislaia rii lor. the 2nd world war.
Rolul acestor Birouri Centrale este de In the activity of this international
a surmonta obstacolele pe care le ntmpin commission, we find the origins of the
cooperarea internaional datorit diferenei current International Organization of the
de structuri ntre poliiile naionale, Criminal Police, Interpol, that was settled in
barierelor lingvistice i diferenelor de 1956, and its initial headquarters was in
sisteme juridice ale rilor membre. Paris.
n general, rolul unui Birou Central Among the main institutions
Naional const n [8, p.39]: involved in the international judicial
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a fost desemnat ca: unitate specializat din Europe (S.E.C.I.) for combating the
cadrul Ministerului Adminiatraiei i transfrontier criminality, on 01.12.2000 they
Internelor din Romnia, care s acioneze ca settled the Focal National Point (F.N.P).
punct naional de contact pentru Europol, The activity subject of this structure
conform standardelor Uniunii Europene, care is represented by providing the operative
va avea la baz cooperarea inter-agenii la cooperation between the structures skilled
nivelul naional i internaional. with attributions on this line with the
Principalele aciuni n cadrul correspondent agencies in the states
Punctului Naional Focal vizeaz combaterea participating to S.E.C.I., for combating the
infraciunilor legate de: traficul de carne vie, transfrontier criminality, respectively:
cele de natur financiar i cibernetic, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
traficul de droguri, terorismul, etc. Croatia, Greece, Macedonia, Moldavia,
Punctul Naional Focal Romania, Turkey and Hungary and the states
primete/transmite cereri de asisten, care having the observer status: Austria, Belgium,
privesc: France, Germany, Italy, Great Britain, Spain
informaii de interes operativ and Ukraine.
pentru combaterea infracionalitii; Based on the stipulations of the
completarea probatoriului n cooperation agreement between Romania
cazul infraciunilor cu caracter and, on February 15th, 2004, the Focal
transfrontalier; National Point was assigned as: a
solicitri de sprijin, n declanarea specialized in frame of the Ministry of
unor aciuni comune sau colaborri pentru Administration and Intern Affairs of
schimbul de date i informaii n cazuri cu Romania, that should act as a national
implicaii, sau care necesit efectuarea de contact point for Europol, according to the
acte procedurale pe teritoriul mai multor European Union standards that will be based
state. on the inter-agencies cooperation at the
Solicitrile de date i informaii national and international level.
adresate Punctului Naional Focal se The main actions in frame of the
realizeaz prin intermediul cererilor de Focal National Point refer to combating the
asisten, care trebuie s conin, n mod offences related to: human beings traffic, the
obligatoriu, anumite meniuni. financial and cybernetic ones, drug trade,
Cererile de asisten trebuie terrorism etc.
formulate n scris. Exist i excepii: spre The Focal National Point
exemplu, potrivit art.4 din Tratatul ntre receives/transmits assistance demands,
Romnia i Statele Unite ale Americii cu regarding:
privire la asistena judiciar n materie Operative interest information for
penal, Washington, 26 mai 1999, cererea de combating criminality;
asisten judiciar se va face n scris, n afar The completion of the evidence in
de cazul n care autoritatea central a statului case of the transfrontier offences;
solicitat accept o cerere, ntr-o alt form n The supporting requirements, in
situaii urgente. the unleashing of certain common actions or
Dac cererea nu este fcut n scris, collaborations for the data and information
ea va fi confirmat n scris n termen de 10 exchange in cases with implications or in
zile, n afar de cazul n care autoritatea cases needing the accomplishment of
central a statului solicitat convine altfel. procedural documents on the territory of
Potrivit dispoziiilor art.16 din Legea several states.
nr.302/2004 privind cooperarea judiciar The demands of data and information
internaional n materie penal, competena addressed to the Focal National Point are
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privind asistena judiciar n materie penal, cooperation and the judicial ones consists of
ratificndu-l n anul 2004, modificndu-i n the absence of a legal procedure of
acest sens i prevederile Codului de remediation for the respective person. In
Procedur Penal, prin Legea nr.281/2003. certain cases, both of the cooperation forms
Acquis-ul relevant: may be alternatively used, in order to obtain
Acquis-ul relevant n domeniul a certain result.
cooperrii judiciare n materie penal l The cooperation between police or
reprezint urmtoarele documente: [11, p.55] judicial authorities does not necessarily mean
Art. 48-53, 54-58, 67-69 ale that a certain case is either related to the
Conveniei pentru judicial assistance or to the police
implementarea Acordului cooperation.
Schengen; Regarding the police cooperation in
Convenia european privind frame of the European Union, the Schengen
asistena judiciar n materie Agreement on June 14th, 1985 and the
penal; Convention of applying the Schengen
Primul Protocol Adiional al Agreement on June 19th 1990 regulate the
Conveniei Europene privind police cooperation.
asistena judiciar penal; Romania ratified the European
Cel de-al doilea Protocol Adiional Convention regarding the judicial assistance
al Conveniei Europene privind in criminal matters by Law no. 236/1998,
asistena judiciar penal; and also by its first Additional Protocol.
Decizia Cadru nr.584/2002, Also, on November 8th, 2001,
privind Mandatul European de Romania signed the second Additional
Arestare i procedura de predare Protocol of the European Convention
ntre Statele Membre; regarding the judicial assistance in criminal
Convenia European privind matters, by ratifying it in 2004, by changing
extrdarea, Paris, 13 decembrie in this sense the stipulations of the Criminal
1957 i cele dou Protocoale Procedure Code, by Law no. 281/2003.
Adiionale, semnate la The relevant acquis:
Strasbourg, la 15 octombrie The acquis relevant in the field of the
1975, respectiv 17 martie 1978; judicial cooperation in criminal matters is
Convenia privind procedurile represented by the following documents: [11,
simplificate de extrdare ntre p.55]
statele membre U.E., din 10 Art. 48-53, 54-58, 67-69 of the
martie 1995; Convention for implementing the Schengen
Convenia de Extrdare ntre Agreement;
statele membre, din 27 The European Convention
septembrie 1996; regarding the judicial assistance in criminal
Convenia European privind matters;
transferul persoanelor The First Additional Protocol of
condamnate; the European Convention regarding the
Protocolul Adiional al Conveniei criminal judicial assistance;
Europene privind transferul The Second Additional Protocol of
persoanelor condamnate. the European Convention regarding the
Asistena judiciar poate fi solicitat criminal judicial assistance;
n baza: The Frame Decision no. 584/2002,
I. tratatelor bilaterale, n msura n regarding the European Arrest warrant and
care acestea nu au fost abrogate the rendering procedure between the
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Strasbourg la 27 ianuarie 1999, ratificat prin Strasbourg on January 27th, 1977, ratified by
Legea nr.27/2002; Protocolul din 15 mai Romania by Law no. 19/1997; the Protocol
2003 la Convenia penal privind corupia a of amending the European Convention for
fost ratificat de Romnia prin Legea repressing terrorism, Strasbourg, 15.05.2003,
nr.260/2004; ratified by Law no. 366/2004;
Organizaia Naiunilor Unite: e) art.8 - art.31 of the European
a) Convenia Naiunilor Unite Convention regarding the washing, the
mpotriva criminalitii transnaionale discovery, the impounding and the
organizate, Protocolul privind prevenirea, confiscation of the offence products,
reprimarea i pedepsirea traficului de contracted in Strasbourg on November 8th,
persoane, n special al femeilor i copiilor, 1990, ratified by Law no.263/2002;
adiional la Convenia Naiunilor Unite f) art.26 - art.31 of the Criminal
mpotriva criminalitii transnaionale Convention regarding corruption, adopted in
organizate, i Protocolul mpotriva traficului Strasbourg on January 27th, 1999, ratified by
ilegal de migrani pe calea terestr, a aerului Law no. 27/2002; the Protocol on May 15th,
i pe mare, New York, 15 noiembrie 2000, 2003 of the Criminal Convention regarding
ratificate de Romnia prin Legea corruption was ratified by Romania by
nr.565/2002; means of Law no. 260/2004;
b) Convenia Naiunilor Unite The United Nations Organization:
mpotriva corupiei, New York, 31 octombrie d) The United Nations Convention
2003, ratificat prin Legea nr.365/2004; against organized transnational criminality,
c) Conveniile Naiunilor Unite n the Protocol regarding the prevention, the
domeniul terorismului. repression and the sanctioning of the persons
III. reciprocitii. traffic, especially the one of the women and
n relaia cu Statele Membre ale children, additional to the United Nations
Uniunii Europene se vor aplica Conveniile Convention against the organized
adoptate la nivelul Consiliului Europei care transnational criminality, and the Protocol
reglementeaz asistena juridic n materie against the illegal traffic of migrants on the
penal i cele adoptate n cadrul Uniunii terrestrial way, in the air and on the sea, New
Europene, precum i Deciziile Cadru, York, November 15th, 2000, ratified by
adoptate pentru anumite domenii: Romania by Law no..565/2002;
a) Convenia de asisten reciproc e) The United Nations Convention
n materie penal ntre Statele against corruption, New York, October 31st,
Membre ale Uniunii Europene, 2003, ratified by Law no. 365/2004;
adoptat la Bruxelles, la 29 mai f) The United Nations Conventions
2000 (OJ L197 din 12 iulie in the terrorism field.
2000); Mutuality relations.
b) Protocolul la Convenia de In relation with the Member States of
asisten reciproc n materie the European Union, we will apply the
penal ntre Statele Membre ale Conventions adopted at the level of the
Uniunii Europene, din 16 European Council regulating the juridical
octombrie 2001 (OJ C326 din assistance in criminal matters and the ones
21 noiembrie 2001); adopted in frame of the European Union, and
c) Convenia de aplicare a Acordului also the Frame Decisions adopted for certain
Schengen, ncheiat la 14 iunie fields:
1985, privind eliminarea The Mutual Assistance
treptat a controalelor la Convention in criminal matters between the
frontierele comune, semnat la Member States of the European Union,
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transferul procedurilor penale din 15 mai accomplishing the information for which it
1972, n sensul c ambele convenii, was already convicted by a final decision
recunosc efectele transnaionale ale according to the law and the criminal
principiului, instituind ns numeroase procedure of the same state.
excepii. The situation is different in case of
La nivelul Uniunii Europene, nici o art.53-57 of the European Convention
persoan nu poate fi urmrit sau pedepsit regarding the international validity of the
penal pentru o infraciune pentru care a fost repressive decisions on May 28th , 1970,
deja achitat sau condamnat n interiorul Hague and art.35-art.37 of the European
Uniunii, printr-o hotrre definitiv, conform Convention regarding the transfer of the
legii principiul este reglementat de art.50 din criminal procedures on May 15th, 1972,
Carta drepturilor fundamentale ale Uniunii meaning that both of the conventions
Europene, de art.54-art.58 din Convenia de acknowledge the trans-national effects of the
aplicare a Acordului Schengen din 19 iunie principle, but instituting other numerous
1990, art.4 din Convenia privind protecia exceptions.
intereselor financiare ale Comunitilor At the European Union Level, no
Europene din 26 iulie 1995, (Convenia este person can be criminally investigated or
ratificat de toate Statele Membre i este n wanted for an offence that has been already
vigoare ncepnd cu octombrie 2002) art.7 absolved or sentenced inside the Union, by a
din Convenia privind lupta mpotriva definitive decision, according to the law, the
faptelor de corupie svrite de oficialii principle is regulated by art.50 of the Charter
Comunitilor Europene, sau de oficialii of the Basic Rights of the European Union,
Statelor Membre ale Uniunii Europene, art.3 of art.54-art.58 of the Convention of
i 4 din Decizia Cadru privind mandatul applying the Schengen Agreement in June
european de arestare. 19th, 1990, art.4 of the Convention regarding
O contribuie deosebit sub acest the protection of the financial interests of the
aspect este atribuit, Conveniei de aplicare a European Communities on July 26th, 1995,
Acordului Schengen. Convenia oblig la (the Convention has been ratified by all the
aplicarea principiului ntre Statele Membre la Member States and it has been valid starting
un nivel transnaional. Convenia, introduce with October 2002) art.7 of the Convention
n ordinea juridic a Statelor Membre ale regarding the fight against the corruption acts
Uniunii Europene un non bis in idem care accomplished by the officials of the Member
rezult din hotrrile de condamnare sau de States of the European Union, , art.3 and 4 of
achitare, care au fost pronunate n alte State the Frame Decision regarding the European
Membre. arrest warrant.
Principiul se aplic i n relaia cu A special contribution under this
Norvegia i Islanda (n baza Acordului de aspect is attributed, the Convention of
asociere Schengen), precum i n relaia cu applying the Schengen Agreement. The
Marea Britanie i Irlanda, n baza Deciziilor Convention forces us to apply the principle
Consiliului din 29 mai 2000 i 28 februarie between the Member States at a transnational
2002 ale Consiliului (nici Marea Britanie i Level. The Convention introduces in the
nici Irlanda nu sunt parte la Convenie, ns juridical order of the Member States of the
au solicitat aplicarea art.54 - art.58 ale European Union a non bis in idem
Conveniei, cererile acestora fiind acceptate resulting from the sentencing or absettling
de Consiliu prin deciziile sus menionate). decisions that were pronounced in other
Principiul cunoate i n acest caz trei Member States.
excepii, potrivit crora, Statul Membru The principle also applies to the
interesat poate urmri penal o persoan chiar relation with Norway and Iceland (based on
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dac ea a fost condamnat definitiv ntr-un the Schengen Association Agreement), and
alt Stat Membru. also in the relation with Great Britain and
Art.55 permite Statelor Membre Ireland, based on the Council Decisions on
formularea, la data ratificrii, de declaraii May 29th, 2000 and February 28th, 2002 of
prin care acestea i rezerv dreptul de a nu the Council (neither Great Britain, nor
aplica principiul n urmtoarele situaii: Ireland are a part of the Convention, but they
a) faptele vizate de hotrrea strin have demanded the application of art.54 -
s-au svrit n tot sau n parte pe teritoriul art.58 of the Convention, as their demands
Statului Membru; n acest caz, excepia nu se are accepted by the Council by the decisions
aplic dac faptele s-au svrit n parte pe mentioned above). The principle knows in
teritoriul statului membru unde s-a pronunat this case three exceptions according to which
hotrrea; the interested Member State may criminally
b) faptele vizate de hotrrea strin pursuit a person even if he was permanently
constituie o infraciune contra siguranei sentenced in another Member State.
statului sau mpotriva altor interese eseniale Art.55 allows the Member States to
ale Statului Membru; formulate, at the ratification date,
c) faptele vizate de hotrrea strin declarations by means of which they reserve
au fost svrite de un funcionar al Statului the right not to apply the principle in the
Membru prin nclcarea obligaiilor sale de following situations:
serviciu; d) The facts mentioned by the
Dintre Statele Membre, au fcut foreign decision were totally or partially
declaraii pentru lit.a): Austria, Danemarca, accomplished on the territory of the Member
Finlanda, Suedia, Marea Britanie, iar pentru State; in this case, the exception does not
lit. b): Austria, Danemarca, Grecia, Finlanda. apply if the facts were partially accomplished
Nici un Stat Membru nu a fcut declaraie on the territory of the member state where
pentru lit. c). the decision was pronounced;
Sub aspectul asistenei judiciare, e) The facts mentioned by the
principiul non bis in idem ridic ntrebarea foreign decision constitute an offence against
dac, n cazul n care autoritilor romne sau the state security or against other essential
strine (n funcie de poziia pe care o au) li interests of the Member State;
se solicit asistena ntr-o cauz, n care f) The facts mentioned by the
acestea au pronunat deja o hotrre foreign decision were accomplished by a
definitiv sau efectueaz cercetri. worker of the Member State by disrespecting
Rspunsul este diferit n funcie de his job obligations;
situaiile care pot aprea: persoana a fost Among the Member States, the ones
achitat, dac a executat deja pedeapsa, dac who declared for letter a were a): Austria,
cercetarea penal este n curs, dac asistena Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Great Britain,
este solicitat pentru cercetarea and for letter b): Austria, Denmark, Greece,
participanilor la svrirea infraciunii, ori Finland. No Member State made declared
pentru revizuirea hotrrii definitive. La fel, anything for letter c).
n cazul infraciunilor de trafic de droguri, Under the aspect of judicial
sau a altor infraciuni care cunosc mai multe assistance, the principle of non bis in idem
modaliti normative, asistena judiciar raises the question if, in case the Romanian
poate fi sau nu acordat. or foreign authorities (depending on the
Bulgaria, spre exemplu, potrivit position they have) are demanded for
declaraiei sale, la art.2 din Convenia assistance in a cause, where they have
european de asisten judiciar n materie already pronounced a permanent decision or
penal i-a rezervat dreptul s refuze they have already accomplished researches.
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c) faptele vizate de hotrrea strin same facts if, in case of sentencing, the
au fost svrite de un funcionar romn prin decision was executed, it is executing or it
nclcarea obligaiilor sale de serviciu. cannot be executed anymore according to the
Excepiile amintite nu se aplic law of the state that pronounced the
atunci cnd, pentru aceleai fapte, statul sentencing.
membru interesat a cerut preluarea urmririi The stipulations stipulated above are
penale sau a acordat extrdarea persoanei n not applied if:
cauz. a) The facts mentioned by the
foreign decision were totally or partially
4.2. Principiul dublei incriminri accomplished on Romanias territory. In this
n principiu, asistena juridic poate fi case, the exception only applied if the facts
acordat n cea mai larg manier posibil, were partially accomplished on the territory
chiar dac faptele descrise n cererea de of a member state where the decision was not
asisten nu sunt sancionate n Romnia. pronounced;
Totui, art.163 din Legea b) The fact mentioned by the foreign
nr.302/2004, completat i modificat prin decision constitutes an offence against the
Legea nr.222/2008, prevede ca n cazul state security or against other essential
cererilor avnd ca obiect percheziiile, interests of Romania;
ridicarea de obiecte i nscrisuri i sechestrul, c) The facts related to the foreign
acordarea asistenei s fie supus decision were accomplished by a Romanian
urmtoarelor condiii: worker by disrespecting his job obligations.
a) infraciunea care motiveaz The mentioned exceptions are not
comisia rogatorie trebuie s fie applied when, for the same facts, the
susceptibil de a da loc la interested member state asked for the taking
extrdare n Romnia, ca stat over of the criminal pursuit or it granted the
solicitat, prin urmare trebuie s extradition of the respective person.
existe dubla incriminare;
b) ndeplinirea comisiei rogatorii 4.2.The principle of double
trebuie s fie compatibil cu legea incrimination
statului romn. Mainly, the juridical assistance may
Dubla incriminare nu nseamn c be granted in the largest possible manner,
Romnia i statul solicitant, trebuie s aib even if the facts described in the assistance
prevederi penale identice sau ca obiectul demand are not sanctioned in Romania.
infraciunii s fie acelai (aceleai bunuri sau Still, art.163 of Law no. 302/2004,
valori), fiind suficient ca faptele descrise n completed and amended by Law no.
cererea de asisten s intre sub incidena (s 222/2008, stipulates that, as in case of the
corespund) uneia din prevederile legii demands, having as an object the
romne. Sub aspectul aplicrii legii penale n inquisitions, raising objects and registrations,
timp, are relevan data la care se dispune granting the assistance for being supposed in
una din msurile solicitate. the following conditions:
Dispoziiile art.163 nu se aplic n ) The offence motivating the
relaia cu statele parte la Convenia de delegated commission should be susceptible
aplicare a Acordului Schengen, din 19 iunie to make place for extradition is Romania, as
1990. n relaia cu aceste state, pentru a demanded state, the next one should be
executarea cererilor de comisii rogatorii about the double incrimination;
avnd ca obiect percheziii sau sechestre, pot ) The accomplishment of the
fi impuse, totui, urmtoarele condiii: delegated commission should be compatible
a) legislaia romn i cea a statului with the Romanian state law.
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dti rouge
Es ist sehr
Wie heien Sie? interessant!
Buongiorno s t
Principessa!
hoje est ensolarado
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hello Hjelp!
miracoloso Je ne sais pas !
Wie bitte?
Vr s snill
dti
Wie heien Sie?
Buongiorno Principessa!
Langweilig hello
Wie gehts? miracoloso
mijn vriend
Wie spt ist es? Vr s snill
.
Pardon ??
Langweilig
Wie gehts?
mijn vriend
haydi gidelim
Wie spt ist es?
escargots
Je parle un petit .
peu franais. Pardon ??
La voiture
Utilizai Google Traducere
n mai multe feluri haydi gidelim
escargots
Je parle un petit peu
franais.
La voiture
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