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JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2008

PLEASE NOTE: IF YOU HAVE THE OPINION THAT INSUFFICIENT INFORMATION IS

SUPPLIED FOR YOU TO ANSWER A PARTICULAR QUESTION,
MAKE A REALISTIC ASSUMPTION, MOTIVATE IT AND THEN
ANSWER THE QUESTION.

QUESTION 1: Multiple Choice Questions

Write question 1 as a heading in your answer book. Number 1 to 15 below each other and
answer the multi choice questions by writing the correct choice of answer next to the
appropriate numbering, e.g. 2. (c)

1. A surge of 100kV travelling in a line of natural 600 arrives at a junction with two lines of
impedance 800 and 200 respectively. The surge voltage into each of the branch lines is:
(a) 22.01kV
(b) 32.02kV
(c) 42.04kV
(d) 64.06kV

2. The surge current in problem 1 above in the 800 branch will be:
(a) 17.5A
(b) 66.7A
(c) 210.2A
(d) None of above

3. The surge current in problem 1 above in the 200 branch will be:
(a) 17.5A
(b) 66.7A
(c) 210.2A
(d) None of the above

4. The breakdown voltage for an air gap of 2mm length under uniform field and standard
atmospheric conditions is:
(a) 7.1kV
(b) 7.6kV
(c) 37.9kV
(d) 41.78kV

5. The breakdown voltage for an air gap of 15mm length if the atmospheric pressure is 750
mm Hg and temperature of 35 C:
(a) 7.1kV
(b) 7.6kV
(c) 37.9kV
(d) 41.8kV

6. While conducting intrinsic dielectric strength on a specimen, its shape should be so

prepared that
(a) the electric stress is high at its centre
(b) the electric strength is high at its corner
(c) the electric stress is same all along the sample
(d) no definite consideration

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7. All other parameters remain identical, the ratio of voltage drop for an 8 to 4 stage Cockroft
Walton circuit approximately is:
(a) 2
(b) 8
(c) 4
(d) 2.828

8. In order to reduce ripples and/or voltage drop, it is more economical to use

(a) high frequency and high capacitance
(b) high frequency and small capacitance
(c) low frequency and small capacitance
(d) low frequency and high capacitance

9. For a 3 stage Cascaded transformer if P1, P2, P3 are the loadings of I, II and III stages
primaries, then
(a) P1 = P2 = P3
(b) P1 > P2 > P3
(c) P1 < P2 < P3
(d) P2 > P1 > P3

10. The impulse ratio of a rod gap is

(a) Unity
(b) between 1 and 1.2
(c) between 1.2 and 1.5
(d) between 1.5 and 2.0

11. A 100kVA 250V/200kV feed transformer has resistance and reactance of 1% and 5%
respectively. The transformer is used to test a cable at 400kV at 50HZ. The cable takes a
charging current of 500mA at 400kV. If assumed a 1% resistance of the inductor, the series
inductance required is:
(a) 1661H.
(b) 2341H
(c) 2484H
(d) 2864H

12. In problem 11 above, if the dielectric loss of the cable is neglected, the input voltage to the
transformer is:
(a) 5V
(b) 50V
(c) 250V
(d) 200kV

13. The mechanism responsible for dielectric loss in a dielectric are

(a) Conduction
(b) Polarisation
(c) Ionisation
(d) (a) and (b)
(e) (a) (b) and (c)

14. High voltage Schering bridge is used to measure

(a) Large capacitance without additional element
(b) small capacitance without additional element
(c) medium value capacitances
(d) all values capacitances
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15. A generating voltmeter has
(a) a linear scale
(b) non-linear scale
(c) no contact with high voltage
(d) (a) and (c)

16. High power-frequency currents are normally measured using

(a) low shunt resistance
(b) Hall element
(c) current transformer
(d) all the above methods

17. High frequency and impulse currents are measured using

(a) resistive shunts
(b) inductive elements
(c) Hall and Faraday effect devices
(d) all the above

18. Which element has flat frequency response up to 1000 MHz

(a) Bifilar shunt
(b) Co-axial shunt
(c) Squirrel cage shunt
(d) Rogowski coil

19. High voltage d.c. testing for HV machines is resorted because:

(a) Certain conclusions regarding the continuous aging of insulation can be drawn
(b) The stress distribution is a representation of the service condition.
(c) Standardisation on the magnitude of voltage to be applied is available
(d) The stress do not damage the coil and insulation

20. The frequency of Trichel pulses:

(a) increase the voltage and gap pressure
(b) increase with decrease in gap length
(c) independent of gap length
(d) non of the above

[2 x 20 = 40]

QUESTION2:
2.1 Name the physical properties of Partial Discharges (i.e. Partial Discharge detection
apparatus are based on the detection of one or more of these properties) (5)

2.2 Name and briefly describe four methods that can be done for the treatment of
transformer oil. :
(15)
2.3 A travelling wave of 50kV enters an overhead line of surge impedance 200 ohms and
conductor resistance of 6 ohms per km. Neglect the losses in the insulation and
assume a wave velocity of 300 000km/s. Calculate:
(i) the value of the voltage wave when it has traveled through a distance of
50km.
(ii) the power loss of the wave during the time required to travel the 50km.
(iii) the heat loss of the wave during the time required to travel the 50km.
(10)

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QUESTION 3:
3.1 A variable 50 Hz AC single phase supply is used to generate a HV test voltage across
a 30 nF load using the series resonant test method. Assuming the Q factor (X/R Ratio)
of the inductor is 50. Calculate:

(a) The required reactor inductance

(b) The required input voltage required to generate 110kV across the load.
(c) The apparent power in kVA rating of the input supply.
(d) The apparent power in kVA loading of the load. (6)

3.2 Draw a three stage Impulse generator, label the components, show the supply type
and connections and the load connections. Include a brief description of its basic
operation. (8)

3.3 Calculate the approximate amount of energy in kWh released in a single lightning
strike. Assume the potential difference is 10MV, Ipeak = 40kA, tail duration (to 50%) is
0,05 msec. State all other assumptions which you make. (4)

3.4 What is BIL and SIL and what are the standard or typical waveform durations? (4)
[22]

QUESTION 4:
4.1 Name four short circuit tests made on high voltage switchgear (4)

4.2 The force developed between the plates of an electrostatic voltmeter is sufficient to be
used to measure the voltage. Various designs of the voltmeter have been developed
which differ in the construction of electrode arrangement and in the use of different
methods of restoring forces required to balance the electrostatic force of attraction.
Name 4 of these methods.
. (4)

4.3 A 20kV 50Hz Schering bridge has a standard capacitance of 106 F. In a test on a
bakelite sheet balance was obtained with a capacitance of 0.35 F in parallel with a
non-inductive resistance of 318 ohm, the non-inductive resistance in the remaining arm
of the bridge being 130 ohm.

(i) Determine the equivalent series resistance and capacitance and the p.f. of the test
specimen.

(ii) Determine the equivalent parallel resistance and capacitance of the test specimen. (5)
[13]

TOTAL: 105
FULL MARKS: 100

UNISA 2008
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UNISA 2008