Linear Motion Guide

DEFINE LINEAR
MOTION
UNIFORM & NON-

UNIFORM MOTION
DESCRIBE DISTANCE,
DISPLACEMENT,SPEED,
VELOCITY,AVERAGE
SPEED & VELOCITY,
ACCELERATION AND
DECELERATION
PROBLEM SOLVING
OF LINEAR MOTION
-USING FORMULA
-USING GRAPH
JMSK || Jabatan Matematik, Sains & Komputer Page 19

DBS 1012: ENGINEERING SCIENCE
LINEAR NON- LINEAR

MOTION MOTION
DEFINITION DEFINITION
A car moves at a A car moves at a bent

straight road road
EXAMPLE EXAMPLE

EXERCISE
V (m/s)
DEFINE LINEAR MOTION b)
1. Define Linear motion

.
.................................
t (s)
..
2. Define Non-Linear motion
.
5. Classify each of the following
.................................
situation is linear motion or non-
linear motion.
3. State THREE (3) examples of linear
a) A passenger on a moving
motion and non-linear motion each.
escalator
Linear Motion:

..
..
b) Luqman running a 100m race
..

Non-Linear Motion:
..
c) The earth orbiting the sun
..

..
d) A lorry is travelling along a

4. Determine whether the graph is
straight road at 15m/s
linear motion or non-linear motion

graph
a)
V (m/s) e) Wandy and her family
enjoying a roller coaster ride
...
f) Sufi enjoy playing a swing at

t (s) playground
...
..

DIFFERENCE
UNIFORM NON-UNIFORM
MOTION MOTION
Situation Situation
Graph Graph
EXAMPLE EXAMPLE
Time in Time in
0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20
Seconds Seconds
Distance Distance
covered in 0 10 20 30 40 covered in 0 2 15 27 48
metres metres
The car travels in equal The car travels in equal times

distances and in equal intervals but not in equal intervals of
of time distance

EXERCISE
UNIFORM AND NON-MOTION
1. Define Uniform motion

b) d (m)
.
.................................
2. Define Non-Uniform motion

. t (s)
.................................
..
3. State TWO (2) examples of uniform d (m)

c)
motion and non-uniform motion each.
Uniform Motion:
.
..
. t (s)
..
..
Non-Uniform Motion:
. d (m)
d)
..
.
..
4. Determine whether the graph is t (s)
uniform motion or non-uniform

..
motion graph
a) d (m)
e)
V (m/s)
t (s)
t (s)
..
..

DIFFERENCE
DISTANCE DISPLACEMENT
DIAGRAM DIAGRAM
M
FORMULA FORMULA
QUANTITY QUANTITY
SIMILARITY
UNIT

EXERCISE
DISTANCE AND DISPLACEMENT EXAMPLE
1. Give the definition of the followings: A C

B
5m 20m
a) Distance
Ali moves from point A to C through point
. B. Then, he turn back to point B and
................................. return back to point C. Determine:
a) The distance of the journey

b) The displacement of the journey
b) Displacement
Solution:
.
a) distance AC CB BC
.................................
(5 20) 20 20
65m
2. State THREE (3) differences
b) displacement AC CB BC
between distance and displacement. (5 20) 20 20
25m
DISTANCE DISPLACEMENT
1.
A B C D
5m 12m 3m
Auni drive from A to C and return
back to B. Then, she returns back to
D. Determine:
a) The distance of the journey
b) The displacement of the journey

2. 4.
North ? East
10m
East 5m
South 15m 13m
A bird is flying 10m to the south and
then turns to the east about 15m
distance. Calculate:
A butterfly is flying to north about 5m
a) distance along the journey
and turn to east. If the displacement
b) displacement along the journey.
is 13m, how long the butterfly flying
from north to east.
3. 5. A girl leaves a History classroom

and walks 10m north to a drinking
fountain. Then she turns and walks
30m south to an Art classroom.
What is the total displacement and
direction from the History classroom
An object moves from point A through B, to the Art classroom?
C, D, E and stops at point F.
a) Find the displacement from A to F.
b) Find the distance from point A to D.

DIFFERENCE
SPEED VELOCITY
FORMULA FORMULA
QUANTITY QUANTITY
SIMILARITY
UNIT

EXERCISE EXAMPLE
SPEED AND VELOCITY

A B C
1. Give the definition of the followings: 3m 10m
a) Speed Nini drive from point A to C through point
. B. Then, he turn back to point B and
return back to point C. If the total journey
................................. takes 3.5minutes,determine:
a) The speed of the car

b) Velocity b) The velocity of the car
.
Solution:
.................................
a) distance AC CB BC
(3 10) 10 10
2. State THREE (3) differences
33m
between speed and velocity.
dis tan ce
speed
time
SPEED VELOCITY 33

3.5 60
0.16m / s
b) displacement AC CB BC
(3 10) 10 10
13m
displacemn et
velocity
time
13

3.5 60
0.06m / s

1. 2. A bird is flying from west to east

for 0.02km in 5minutes. It then
A B C D
4m 10m 2m turn to south for 0.04km in 14
Shira is driving from A to C and minutes. Calculate:
return back to B. Then, she returns a) The speed of the bird flying
back to D. Determine: from starting point to end
a) The speed of the car point
b) The velocity of the car b) The velocity of the bird flying
from starting point to end
(Given time taken is 20s) point if the time taken is 15
minutes

3. 14km 5.
O P
A B C
5m 25m
5km
A lorry travel from point A to point
R Q C. The driver took 3 hours to
2km
Diagram above shows the path travel from point A to B and 4
travelled by Zara from O to R. If hours from point B to C. Find:
the journey take 20minutes, a) The velocity from A to B
calculate: b) The velocity from B to C
a) The speed of Zara in km/h
b) The velocity of Zara in km/h
6. Mira is driving a car with a

velocity of 120km/h. If she is
driving along a 35km journey,
calculate the time taken for the
whole journey in second.
4. Ravi runs for 100m in 1.2minutes.

How fast he run?

DIFFERENCE
AVERAGE SPEED AVERAGE VELOCITY
FORMULA FORMULA
QUANTITY QUANTITY
SIMILARITY
UNIT

EXERCISE EXAMPLE
AVERAGE SPEED AND AVERAGE

VELOCITY B 12km C
1. Give the definition of the followings: 8km
a) Average Speed A D
.
................................. An object moves from A to D through B
and C as shown above in 35 minutes
and 40 seconds. Find:
b) Average Velocity
. a) The average speed of the object
................................. in m/s
b) The average velocity of the object
2. State THREE (3) differences in m/s
between average speed and Solution:

Time = (35 x 60) + 40
average velocity.
= 2140s
AVERAGE AVERAGE
a) Distance = AB + BC + CD
SPEED VELOCITY
= 8 + 12 + 8
= 28km 28000m
total distance
Average speed
total time
28000

2140
13.08m / s
b) Displacement = AD to the east
= 12km 12000m
total displacement
Average velocity
total time
12000

2140
5.61m / s

1. 2.
R S T 5m
14m 3m
East
A helicopter moves along a line from South 12m
point R to S to T and then back to S A bird is flying 5m to the south and
again as shown above in half an then turns to the east about 12m
hour. Calculate: distance. If the time taken along the
a) The average speed of the journey is 3.2 minutes, calculate:
helicopter in km/h a) The average speed along the
b) The average velocity of the journey in m/s
helicopter in km/h b) The average velocity along the
journey in m/s

3. 4. Fifi is driving from point X to point Y

21.5km
Klang in 4minutes. She takes 2minutes to
7.5km
rest at point Y and continues to point
Z about 5minutes. If the distance
Kuala
Lumpur
between point X to Y is 5m, and
point Y to Z is 7m, determine:
A car is travelling from Klang to a) The average speed from point X
Kuala Lumpur along a curve path to Z
as shown above. If it takes b) The average velocity from point X
30minutes travelling along a curve to Z
path and 12minutes travelling using
shortcut, calculate:
a) The average speed from Klang

to Kuala Lumpur
b) The average velocity from Klang
to Kuala Lumpur

DIFFERENCE
ACCELERATION DECELERATION
GRAPH GRAPH
VALUE VALUE
UNIT
SIMILARITY
QUANTITY
FORMULA

EXERCISE EXAMPLE
ACCELERATION AND
DECELERATION
u = 65m/s
1. Give the definition of the followings:
a) Acceleration
v = 120m/s
.
1. A lorry moving with a constant
.................................
velocity of 65m/s increases its
velocity to 120m/s in 0.5minutes.
b) Deceleration
What is the acceleration of the lorry?
.
Solution:
.................................
Time,t = 0.5 x 60
2. State THREE (3) differences = 30s

between acceleration and vu
Accelerati on,a
deceleration. t
120 65

30
ACCELERATION DECELERATION 1.83ms 2
2. A lorry moving with a constant

velocity of 45m/s and finally stop
about 6minutes later. What is the
deceleration of the lorry?
Solution:
Time,t = 6 x 60
= 360s
vu
Accelerati on,a
t
0 45

360
0.13ms 2

1. A van is starting to move from rest 4. Afiq is winning a 100m challenge

and accelerate to a velocity of tournament with a new record of
35m/s in 24s. What is the 8.5m/s2. If he starts to run and
acceleration of the van? accelerate to a velocity of 110m/s,
how long he takes to the finishing
line?
2. Didi is driving at velocity of 65m/s 5. A cyclist riding at a velocity of 34m/s

and slow down his car when the was applied a brakes with a uniform
traffic light turned red. If he takes 7s deceleration and stopped in 10s.
undergoing uniform deceleration Calculate his deceleration.
until it stop, determine the
acceleration of the car.
3. A car is undergoing uniform 6. A car starts from rest with a constant
deceleration about 35km/h in acceleration of 9.8m/s2. What is its
8minutes until it stop. Calculate the velocity after 7seconds later?
initial velocity of the car in m/s.

USING
FORMULA
Smart Facts
When an object falls to earth freely (without any
other forces involved) the acceleration is
called acceleration due to gravity. It is often given
the symbol g or a.

EXERCISE 1. A cheetah can accelerate from rest
PROBLEM SOLVING BY USING to 33m/s in 5.8s. Assuming constant

FORMULA acceleration, how far has the
cheetah run in this time?
LETS TRY!!! Fill in the blank:
Quantity Symbol Unit

ms-2
u
Time
m
Final velocity
Gravity
EXAMPLE 2. An object is starting from rest moves

with uniform acceleration of 4.2m/s2
A cat is running from a velocity of
for 6s. Find:
32m/s and accelerate to 7m/s2. What is
a) It velocity
the final velocity of cat after 10s?
b) It displacement
Solution:
u = 32m/s
a = 7m/s2
t = 10s
v=?
From the formula of linear motion;
vu
a
t
v 32
7
10
v 102m / s

3. A rocket is moving with a constant EXAMPLE (Free Fall)

velocity of 2030m/s and accelerates
A coin is thrown upward until it reaches
uniformly at 12.3m/s2. Determine the a maximum height. If the initial velocity
velocity after 4 minutes. is 5.4m/s, determine:
a) The maximum height of the coin

b) The time taken
Solution:
u = 5.4m/s
v = 0m/s (reach maximum height)
a = -9.81m/s2
a) From the formula of linear motion;

v 2 u 2 2as
0 2 5.4 2 2(9.81)( s)
s 1.49m
4. A lorry is moving with a velocity of b) From the formula of linear motion;
15km/h and accelerates uniformly. 1 vu

s(u v)t a
After 1.2 minutes, the velocity 2 t
1 OR 0 5.4
increases to 55km/h. Calculate the 1.49 (5.4 0)t 9.81
2 t
total distance in that 1.2 minutes. t 0.55s t 0.55s
1. A ball is thrown straight upward from

the ground with initial velocity 76m/s.
How high does the ball rise?

2. A ball at rest is thrown downward 4. A stone is started to drop into a deep

from a tree. If the final velocity when well and is heard to hit the water
it reach the ground is 12m/s, 0.11minutes after being dropped.
calculate: Determine the depth of the well.
a) the high of the tree
b) the time taken
3. A kangaroo is capable of jumping to 5. A feather is started to drop on the

a height of 165cm. Determine the moon from a height of 1.40 meters.
takeoff speed of the kangaroo. The acceleration of gravity on the
moon is 1.67 m/s2. Determine the
time for the feather to fall to the
surface of the moon.

USING
GRAPH
VELOCITY TIME GRAPH
Smart Facts
Distance or displacement is
equal to area under the graph

EXERCISE EXAMPLE
PROBLEM SOLVING BY USING

GRAPH
LETS TRY!!! Classify each of the
followings:
GRAPH DESCRIPTION From the graph above, calculate:
a) The acceleration
b) The deceleration
c) The total distance
Solution:
a) vu
a
t
12 6

10
0.6m. / s 2
b) vu
a
t
0 12

Sketch a graph based 9
LETS TRY!!!
1.33m. / s 2
on the information given.
c) Total distance:
A car moves at a constant velocity of
=
10m/s about 5s. It then accelerates his
car to a velocity of 25m/s in 8s. Finally,
he slows down the car and stop after 7s
later.

1. 2. The diagram below shows the v-t

graph for a car.
v(ms-1)
X Y
25
Z
t(s)
O 4 18 22
From the graph above, calculate: a) What is the cars acceleration

in each of the time intervals
a) The acceleration OX, XY, and YZ?
b) The deceleration b) Calculate the distance when
c) The total distance the car moves at constant
velocity.
c) What is the total distance for
the whole journey?

3. Diagram shows the v-t graph of a 4. Diagram shows the v-t graph of a
railway coach. Calculate: railway coach from A to D.
v(ms-1)
v(ms-1) 40 A
30 30 D
20
20
10 B C
10 t(s)
10
t(s) 7s
5 10 20 26 32 Calculate:
a) the total acceleration a) The acceleration of the coach.
b) the total distance when the
b) The distance travelled when the
coach moves at constant
coach is decelerating.
velocity
c) The total time taken for the whole
c) the total distance for the whole
AD journey if the total distance is
journey
1000 m.

5. 6. The v-t graph of a particle moving

along straight line as shown.
5
Calculate the distance and
displacement travelled.
v(ms-1)
Given the acceleration at first 7s is 20
8.6m/s2, calculate:
t(s)
a) The maximum velocity can be 0
4 6 8 12
reach
-20
b) The total distance
7. The v-t graph in figure below shows

a particle starting from rest and
travelling east.
v(ms-1)
20
0 t(s)
8 18 22
-10
a) How long does the particle travel
towards the east?
b) How long does the particle travel

towards the west?

8. Diagram shows a v-t graph. 9. A car is traveling from rest to a

Calculate: velocity of 22ms-1 about 8s. It then
moves at constant velocity along
V(m/s)
10s and start to slow down until it
x
stops 4s later.
16
a) Sketch the v-t graph.
8
b) Calculate the deceleration of
the car before it stops.
t(s)
5 y 12 18 c) Find the total distance of the
car
a) The value of x if the total
deceleration is -6.5ms-2.
b) The value of y if the distance
when the car moves at constant
velocity is 40m
c) The total distance traveled

10. A lorry is travelling at constant 11. A car starting from rest accelerated
velocity of 20 ms-1 about 7s. The uniformly to 50 m/s over a period of
lorry then accelerates to a velocity 10 seconds. The car then
of 35 ms-1 about 10s and slows maintained the velocity for 20
down until it stops 9s later. seconds. The velocity is then
a) Sketch the v-t graph. reduced uniformly to 30 m/s in 10
b) Calculate the acceleration of seconds and finally brought to rest
the lorry after another further 10 seconds.
c) Find the total distance travelled. a) Sketch the v-t graph.

b) Calculate the acceleration for
the first 10 seconds.
c) Find the total distance travelled
by the car.

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DEFINE LINEAR

UNIFORM & NON-

JMSK || Jabatan Matematik, Sains & Komputer Page 19

LINEAR NON- LINEAR

A car moves at a A car moves at a bent

JMSK || Jabatan Matematik, Sains & Komputer Page 20

1. Define Linear motion

d) A lorry is travelling along a

f) Sufi enjoy playing a swing at

JMSK || Jabatan Matematik, Sains & Komputer Page 21

The car travels in equal The car travels in equal times

JMSK || Jabatan Matematik, Sains & Komputer Page 22

UNIFORM AND NON-MOTION

1. Define Uniform motion

2. Define Non-Uniform motion

3. State TWO (2) examples of uniform d (m)

4. Determine whether the graph is t (s)

uniform motion or non-uniform

JMSK || Jabatan Matematik, Sains & Komputer Page 23

JMSK || Jabatan Matematik, Sains & Komputer Page 24

DISTANCE AND DISPLACEMENT EXAMPLE

1. Give the definition of the followings: A C

a) The distance of the journey

JMSK || Jabatan Matematik, Sains & Komputer Page 25

3. 5. A girl leaves a History classroom

JMSK || Jabatan Matematik, Sains & Komputer Page 26

JMSK || Jabatan Matematik, Sains & Komputer Page 27

SPEED AND VELOCITY

a) The speed of the car

JMSK || Jabatan Matematik, Sains & Komputer Page 28

1. 2. A bird is flying from west to east

JMSK || Jabatan Matematik, Sains & Komputer Page 29

6. Mira is driving a car with a

4. Ravi runs for 100m in 1.2minutes.

JMSK || Jabatan Matematik, Sains & Komputer Page 30

AVERAGE SPEED AVERAGE VELOCITY

JMSK || Jabatan Matematik, Sains & Komputer Page 31

AVERAGE SPEED AND AVERAGE

1. Give the definition of the followings: 8km

2. State THREE (3) differences in m/s

between average speed and Solution:

b) Displacement = AD to the east

JMSK || Jabatan Matematik, Sains & Komputer Page 32

JMSK || Jabatan Matematik, Sains & Komputer Page 33

3. 4. Fifi is driving from point X to point Y

a) The average speed from Klang

JMSK || Jabatan Matematik, Sains & Komputer Page 34

JMSK || Jabatan Matematik, Sains & Komputer Page 35

2. State THREE (3) differences = 30s

2. A lorry moving with a constant

JMSK || Jabatan Matematik, Sains & Komputer Page 36

1. A van is starting to move from rest 4. Afiq is winning a 100m challenge

2. Didi is driving at velocity of 65m/s 5. A cyclist riding at a velocity of 34m/s

3. A car is undergoing uniform 6. A car starts from rest with a constant

deceleration about 35km/h in acceleration of 9.8m/s2. What is its

8minutes until it stop. Calculate the velocity after 7seconds later?

initial velocity of the car in m/s.

JMSK || Jabatan Matematik, Sains & Komputer Page 37

JMSK || Jabatan Matematik, Sains & Komputer Page 38

EXERCISE 1. A cheetah can accelerate from rest

PROBLEM SOLVING BY USING to 33m/s in 5.8s. Assuming constant

LETS TRY!!! Fill in the blank:

Quantity Symbol Unit