NUR INTAN WISWATI

M11116544
KEHUTANAN D
Exercise 5 (page 70)
1. Main idea : a trip to another country requirea a certain amount of palnning.
Signal Words Examples
First First, you must decide where you would like to go.
Next Next, you had to look at maps and books about those place.
Then Then, you should find out what kind of documents you will
need to enter the country.
Finally Finally, you should make a packing list to make sure you
bring everything necessary for a pleasant trip.

2. Main idea : air travel has beecome the primary means of long-distance transportation
around the world in the last seventy-five years.
Signal Words Examples
In the last In the last seventy-five years, air travel has become the
seventy-five primary means of long-distance transportation around the
years world.
In 1919 The airplane was adopted for passenger service i Europe in
1919.
In 1927 Later, in 1927, people in United States began to travel by
air.
By 1950 By 1950, planes could carry up too 100 passengers at about
480 km/hr.

3. Main idea : the process is usually the same when travel by plane.
Signal Words Examples
Right away Right away, you show your ticket and your passport to the
agent.
Then Then, you go to the gate where you will board your plane.
Finally Finally, an agent announces that it is time to board your
plane, and you are on your way.

Exercise 6 (page 71)

1. Main idea : Kareem Abdul-Jabbar was a basketball star in the United States.
2. Main idea : difficult experiences of Maya Angelou, an African-American author while
she was growing up.
3. Main idea : Spike Lee, an African-American film director, is one of the most noted
people in his field.
Exercise 8 (73)
a. Comparison (similarities and differences)
Main idea : there are both similarities and differences between vast subway lines in New
York city and paris

Signal words: examples :

-both - New York and Paris

-both - the subway are often crowded
-another likeness - the terrible noise level in the trains
-A further similarity - two subway systems both cover a wide are at little
expense for commuter
-however - the differences between the two are quite strikling
-while - subway station in new York range from plain to
ugly, paris station are octractif
-on the other hand - New York trains can sometimes be less clean and
reliable.
b. comparison (similarities)
main Idea: the similarities of a dish between Ukraine and Japan
signal words : - examples
- In common - surpraising aspect of their cooking
- Like it - The Japanese make a dish that is remarkable
- Both - people like to eat their pilmeni or their gyoza with
sauce

C.contras (differences)
Main idea : the diffrences when the first baby arrives in house hold
Signal word : examples:
- While before - the mother needed on alaram clock in the morning
- Now - the baby decides when she should make up
- Formerly - the parents spent their evening watching tv or reading
- Not now - all their free time is spent admiring their infant
 - In contrast - their life is more carefully planned
- While they used to - go out to see friends whenever they wanted to
- Any more - that is not possible if they wanna go out wth the baby,
they must arrange for baby sister
- Unlike - the neat and tidy rooms of the past these days their
apartment is full of baby things
- Difference -the topic of conversation its always about the baby

Exercise 9 (page 76)

1. Main idea : the latest kind of vennding machine is nothing like the vending machines
of the past.
This paragraph include differences.
Signal Words Examples
Like Like the old machines, the new ones are a quick and
convenient way to buy food.
But But the new machines have been improved in several
important ways.
However The new machines, however, work with plastic cards that
can be used many times without error.
In contrast In contrast, the new machines sell all kinds of delicious
meals.
In general In general, these new machines sell more interesting and
better-tasting food.

2. Main idea : the so-called portable computers of just a few years ago were heavy
machines.
This paragraph include differences.
Signal Words Examples
However Present-day laptop computers, however , are totally
different.
Different Present-day laptop computers, however , are totally
different.
Unlike Unlike the heavy monsters of the past, the laptop computers
weigh only about five pounds.
In spite of In spite of their size, though, they have much more memory
capacity than the older computers.

3. Main idea : the next big technological change will be the sift from gasoline to
electric-powered automobiles.
This paragraph include both.
Signal Words Examples
Similiar In some ways, the car are quite similiar.
Like Like gasoline cars, the electric vehiclesprovide convenient,
private transportation.
 Same The interior of the two vehicles is much the same.
Difference On the other hand, there is a major different.
Unlike Unlike gasoline cars, the electric vehicle is totally silent.
In contrast In contrast to the sound of the ignition in a gasoline engine,
the sound of starting an electric car is click.

Exercise 10 (page 78)

1. Main idea : some important similiarities between college and high school.
This paragraph include similiarities
Signal Words Examples
In fact In fact, there are some important similiarities between
college and high school.
In both places In both places, academic succes depent on being a
responsible student.
Similiarly Similiarly, social success in college is like high school.

2. Main idea : the University of Bologna in northern Italy is different from most North
American universities.
This paragraph include difference
Signal Words Examples
Different from The University of Bologna in nothern Italy is different from
North American universities.
Difference One important difference is its age.
Is different The University of Bologna is different, as well, because of
its location.
Unlike Unlike the Americsn universities campus, there are no trees
or open space near this old Italian institution.

3. Main idea : in Rusia, there is a strong traditional of learning foreign languages.

This paragraph include both
Signal Words Examples
Similiar to In many ways, these schools are similiar to other Russian
public schools.
However However, their differences are quite noticeable.
Unlike Unlike the students in regular Russian-language schools,
studenrs are selected to attend these schools.
The greatest The greatest different lies in the language abilities of
different students.
In contrast In contrast to other Russian children, they learn to express
themselves fluently in a foreign language.

Exercise 12 (page 80)

The United States and another country
Unlike another country, United States (US) is a federal republic. United States famous for junk
food and fast food, different cuisines from Asian and Arab countries that use a lot of herbs and
spices. In addition, the cost of healthcare in the United State fairly cheap compared to the cost of
healthcare in developing countries.

Exercise 13 (page 82)

A. 1. AIDS HIV
2. epidemics bacteria
3. coughs colds and flu
4. improperly stored food food poisoning
5. slow infant development poor nutrition
6. skin cancer too much exposure to the sun
7. swimming in pools ear infection
8. heart trouble diet high in fat
9. lung cancer cigarette smoking
10. skiing broken leg
B. 1. AIDS is caused by HIV.
2. epidemics can be caused by bacteria.
3. caughs can result from cold and flu.
4. improperly stored food can causes food poisoning.
5. slow infant development is caused by poor nutrition.
6. skin cancer can be caused by too much exposure to the sun.
7. swimming in pools can cause ear infection.
8. heart trouble can result from diet high in fat.
9. lung cancer is a consequences of cigarette smoking.
10. skiing brings about broken leg.
Exercise 14 (page 83)
1. Coal-burning factories cause acid rain.
C E
2. Stricter anti-pollution laws can lead to higher prices for consumers.
C E
3. The death of lakes and streams can result from acid rain.
E C
4. Forest have become diseased due to acid rain.
E C
5. Coal burning also result in higher levels of sulfur dioxide in the air.
C E
6. Higher infant death rates can result from sulfur dioxide pollution.
E C
 7. Coal burning causes the exterior walls of buildings to decay.
C E
8. Strict anti-pollution controls may cause coal miners to lose their jobs.
C E
9. Special equipment in coal furnaces can greatly reduce the amount of pollution that
comes out of the chimney.
C E
10. Pollution from carbon fuels can be decreased by encouraging the development and
E C
use of solar energy.
Exercise 15 (page 84)
A. Cause 1 : learning a new language
Effects :
Going to the language lab
Understanding others idea
Finding a new job
Cause 2 : living in a new city
Effects :
Meeting interesting people
Spending a lot of money
Feeling confused
B. Effect 1 : many animals have become extinct
Causes :
Smaller rain forest
Too many hunters
Effect 2 : many cities are overcrowded
Causes :
High birth rate

Exercise 16 (page 85)

1. Main idea : the increase in the number of childrenwho are treated for ear infections.
Cause(s) : more children get infections than in the past.
Effect(s) : increase in the number of childrenwho are treated for ear infections.
2. Main idea : the consequences if a young childs untreated ear infections.
Cause(s) : untreated ear infections.
Effect(s) : the infection can spread to the throat and cause a general illnes. It can also do
permanent damage to a childs hearing ability. Perhaps the least-known consequence of
untreated ear infection involves language development. Children with frequent or
 untreated ear infections cannot hear well. The result is a delay in their ability to speak and
use language effectifelly.
3. Main idea : the greater number of reported ear infections could result from social and
economic factors.
Cause(s) : economics factor.
Effect(s) : parents do not bring their children to health center.

Exercise 17 (page 86)

1. Main idea : when people move from one city or country to another, the spread of diseases
may result.
Cause(s) : people often bring in germs which may not have been present before.
Effect(s) : the new germs spread quickly and cause previously unknown disease.
2. Main idea : changes in heating systems of buildings can also lead to disease.
Cause(s) : changes in heating system of buildings. The heated air was blown into the
rooms af a hotel which carried the germs.
Effect(s) : many visitors became ill and several died.
3. Main idea : pollution of the oceans can also result in the spread of disease.
Cause(s) : phosphates and nitrates from fertilizer plus human waste eventually flow into
the oceans. These pollutants result in the increased growth of tiny lants called algae.
These plants provide a home for cholera, a deadly disease. The infected algae can stick to
ships, which them carry the cholera germs all around the world. Germs of the disease
recently rode on ships going from India to South America.
Effect(s) : there, thousands of people have died from resulting epidemic of cholera.

Exercise 19 (page 88)

1. CE
2. S
3. CC
4. CE
5. S
6. L
7. S
8. L
9. CC
10. S
Exercise 20 (page 89)
1. CE
2. CC
3. S
4. L
5. L
6. S
7. CE
8. CC
9. CE
10. CC
Exercise 21 (page 89)
1. Sentence : c pattern : L
2. Sentence : a pattern : S
3. Sentence : d pattern : S
4. Sentence : b pattern : L

Exercise 22 (page 91)

1. Sentence : c pattern : S
2. Sentence : e pattern : CC
3. Sentence : d pattern : CC
4. Sentence : a pattern : L

Exercise 23 (page 92)

1. Sentence : b pattern : L
2. Sentence : e pattern : S
3. Sentence : d pattern : CC
4. Sentence : a pattern : S