Title and Title justification

Everyone has a theory about the real causes of 9/11. Plausible but flawed theories.no event in the recent
decade has produced as many explanations as September 11 attacks. Because Within a hour Al-Qaeda
inflicted more damage on US than the Soviet union had done throughout the cold war. And when we talk
about the justification of the September 11, there is not any and there will never be any justification for
killing innocent citizens on purpose.

As Quran says

"whoever slays a soul, unless it be for manslaughter or for mischief in the land, it is as though he
slew all men; and whoever keeps it alive, it is as though he kept alive all men" (al-Maeda/The
Food, 5:32)
sometimes innocents are inadvertently killed as collateral damage, which is terrible, but unfortunately
happens. This attack was 100% intentional on a predominantly civilian population.

As osama bin laden while taking the responsibility of 9-11 attacks admitted

"America will never taste peace and security until peace becomes a reality in our lands"

There is no possible way for someone to justify 9/11, no matter how twisted and despicable of a
worldview that individual may have. The unhappiness of a people or group because of certain conditions
does not warrant mass murder of people completely unrelated to their discontent. There were many
innocent people who died in 9/11 who truly had nothing to do with anything, and may have even
sympathized with the terrorists' position.

On the other hand there are some interpreters who interpret 9-11 as If America kills innocent people,
it's for the good of the world whereas if people whose families were killed by the Americans kill the
people of America it's "terrorism"

Unfortunately, Pakistan, since its inception never found favorable environment to make policies. But
rather, to fulfill the circumstantial needs it has to make policies within short span of time. Such
circumstance always compelled it to make quick decisions. thats why Pakistan has suffered more in all
sensitive decisions. For example,

When it came into existence, it ran towards west in pursuit of security and against indian hostiles
attitude to undo Pakistan.

But none of the past events affected Pakistans Foreign policy with such a great intensity as the 9-11 did.
Because this time Pakistan was left the only option of choosing sides. It meant either to support USA or
to face the worst consequences. In the words of a senior Administration official: Youre either with us
or against us.

Senator Joseph Biden, Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee was also quoted as having
warned Pakistan that it must decide whether it is a friend or an enemy

Here can arise a question, why did USA threatened Pakistan to assist it? The answer lies in the
geostrategic location of Pakistan. Because of its geographical location and being the sole supporter of
the Taliban, Pakistan was bound to face painful choices in the days ahead 1. It was the only state that
could act as a front line state to make the USAs mission successful.

It was the worst of the times for policy makers to decide urgently whether to co-operate with USA or
not.

Significance
The Importance of Pakistan Policy was quite significant because it was a turning point to decide the fate
and future of the state. The 9-11 incident, in fact, transformed the global political trend. It would also be
right to say that the global political trend entered into a new phase. The traumatic events of 11
September 2001 and the consequent tragic destruction of human life may well signify a new kind of world
war in the 21st century that instantaneously changed the political landscape of the world. Ref
2.Moreover, 9/11 represented a critical threshold in Pakistans foreign policy. In the blinking of an
eye, we became a pivotal player in another US-led long war in our region. The Afghan crisis both
during and post-Soviet era has had a direct impact on Pakistans socio-cultural, political, economic and
strategic interests. The post-9/11 Pakistan came to be known as the breeding ground of religion-
based extremism and terrorism.

Background
Osama bin laden was a islami jihadist of a Saudi Arabia origin. During the Soviet invasion in Afghanistan
he supported afghan mujahedeen.Osama Bin ladin was against USA. At different occasions he attacked
US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania in 1998 ,killing probably 300 people.

On 11 september 2001, a group of osamas AL-qaeda jihadist hijacked four commercial passenger planes
in US and caused deadly attacks on twin tower and Pentagon killing more than 3000 peoples and
domestic loss of more than 100 Billion dollars. This event was perceived by US as an act of terrorism.
George W. Bush backed by congress declared a global war against terrorism. US demanded Afghanistan
to hand over Osama Bin laden to US. But Afghan Taliban government refused to do so.USA thus decided
to invade Afghanistan America now felt the importance of Pakistan. Because to combat with Taliban
Pakistan was the only front line state to achieve the target. President Musharaf held meetings with his
experienced officials to contemplate the situation on 12 september. He knew that they cannot ignore
USA demands in Unipolar World.

Like the deputy secretary of defense Paul Wolfowitz was quoted by New York times on its front page as

USA will be aimed at removing the sanctuaries and support system, ending states which sponsor
terrorism.

Similarly senator Joseph Biden also warned Pakistan saying

it must decide whether it is a friend or an enemy

Choosing sides was the only option for Pakistan and it was hard. There was no room for maneuver.
Secretary of State Colin Powell telephoned him late in the evening of 12 September, asking for
Pakistans full support and cooperation in fighting terrorism. In a message from one general to
another, he conveyed to President Musharraf that the American people would not understand if
Pakistan did not cooperate with the US in fighting terrorism. President Musharraf took no time in
pledging the needed support and cooperation.

On 13 september, US deputy secretary of state , Richard Armitage conveyed the list of seven steps US
wanted Pakistan to take,

1. To stop Al-Qaeda operations at its border and end all logistical support for bin laden

General Pervez Musharraf, buckled under the United States ultimatum and agreed unconditionally to all
American demands. The Taliban was discarded overnight and the United States was provided bases in
Pakistan for launching military operations against Pakistans erstwhile ally in Afghanistan.

General Pervez Musharraf, on 19th September addressed the nation in which he stated national interests

1: Pakistan stability and security from extreme threat,

2: Kashmir issue
3: Revival of economy
4: nuclear and missile assets safety
Some Ulemas and Religious scholars and Religious parties opposed this policy by saying that it is
a sell-out and betrayal with Taliban whom Pakistan had been nurturing from the last decade but
most of the political leaders took it as a positive step.
Ironically, for Pakistan, the manner in which india reacted to the terrorist act of 9-11 was
contrary to basic norms of diplomacy. Without being asked , New Delhi offered all assistance to
the US in its war against terrorism, Be taking the advantage of the situation india left no stone
unturned to blamed Pakistan for supporting Various jihadi groups involved in terrorist activities
in Kashmir and other parts of india.
Kashmir situation after 9-11 assumed a new dimension because of two reasons.:
1: New Delhi did best to prove Kashmiri liberation struggle was, in fact, sponsored by terrorist
network in Pakistan.
2: Pakistan responded to indian allegations by launching crackdown on terrorist elements.
On 12 January 2002, President Musharaf speech in which he announced stern measures to stop
what is called cross-border terrorism, also indicated a change in Islamabads approach on
supporting the Kashmiri freedom struggle.(7) and most significantly, the UN security council
resolution 1373 of September 2001 on terrorism had made no distinction between terrorists
and freedom fighters, thereby providing india with a rational.

The us led coalition attacked Afghanistan on 6th October, 2001. The Pakistans cooperation was
universally appreciated. Consequently, brownback-2 amendment and ackerman amendment in
2004 removed the Democracy and nuclear sanctions for five years. Beside this Pakistan got
enormous economic assistance from USA, EU and Japan and appreciation for Whole World
Community.
After a struggle of 10 years USA forces succeeded in killing OSAMA Bin LADen on 2nd MAY 2011,
in abbotabad , Pakistan
 The US launched drone strikes to remove all the sanctuaries of terrorist in Afghanistan and
Pakistan adjacent areas.
Musharraf said Pakistan gave permission "only on a few occasions, when a target was absolutely
isolated and [there was] no chance of collateral damage".

He said the strikes were discussed "at the military [and] intelligence level" and cleared only if
"there was no time for our own [special operations task force] and military to act. That was
maybe two or three times only".(5)
But Unfortunately, Drone attacks increased upto 250 from 2009 to 2012 and caused much
damage.
After withdrawal of US troops from Afghanistan, Pakistan fell victim of terrorist attacks. The
Domestic and life loss by these attacks amounted greater than the indo-Pak war, if put together
In order to combat domestic terrorism Pakistan Launched zarb-e azab on 15 june 2014. It was
globally appreciated by various Nations and funded by various nations.

Now , the Pakistan policy towards US went under dramatic change after some bloody incidents :

Raymond Davis case and US strike on SALala checkpost near afghan order killing 24 pakistani soldiers.
And as a result Pakistan cut NATO supply and Earlier US refused to apologize and then later Hilary
Clinton acknowledged the mistakes that resulted in the loss of Pakistani military lives, Clinton said in a
statement.

We are sorry for the losses suffered by the Pakistani military. We are committed to working closely
with Pakistan and Afghanistan to prevent this from ever happening again.

And Recent on 21 May 2016 Mullah Akhtar Mansour Taliban Leader was killed in a US drone strike in
Balochistan while Peace talks with talibans Were going on. And once again US-Pak relations are at Tragic
end.

Now Pakistan has learned a lot from its diplomatic history as to make policies on rational grounds rather
emotional.

Main discussion:
First and foremost, need for Pakistan after 9-11 was to save itself from being seen as an ally of the
Talibans. Which Pakistan was funding them and nurturing them from the last decade and Pakistan
announcement to full support for US on war on terror including logistically and intelligence assistance it
prevented the US from declaring Pakistan as a terrorist state. But the output of this sudden change in
Afghan policy was Pakistan lost its all influence whatever, she had in Afghanistan.

Richard Armitage

Former United States Deputy Secretary of State said we were shocked when Pakistan accepted our all
seven points because we were expecting some bargaining from Pakistani side. Because we gave seven
points and 2 were for bargaining purposes we thought we will leave these, when we will come at the
table of bargaining but it was completely astonishing for me when Pakistan accepted our seven points
without no ifs, ands, or buts.

The Post 9-11 National scenario presents a vague picture and it is because of the several reason:

Lack of consultation, sudden policy shift and most important not taking the nation and political leaders
into confidence were some of the serious acts of omission and commission on our part of policy
makers.or may it was not considered necessary or was avoided.

As far as the impact of 9/11 on Pakistan and India is concerned, there has not been much headway.
However, many influentials has put a lot of pressure on both countries to reopen the dialogue sessions to
solve the major disputes and Kashmir as well.

On the economic front post 9-11 brought new realizations among the Pakistani policy makers and they
Critically analyzed the economy in the context of 9-11. And they have observed that this 9-11 incident will
leave more negative impacts on Pakistan development for some more years to come. However, Pakistan
export since 9-11 has badly affected because several big companies cancelled their orders after 9-11.but
later sanctions by USA were removed and Two-way trade between Pakistan and the United States was
more than $5 billion in 2012. Pakistan exports more products to the United States than to any other
country in the world. The United States also consistently ranks among the top sources of foreign direct
investment in Pakistan (12)

Pakistan Foreign Ministry September 28 2012 issued a statement :

"Drone attacks are illegal, counterproductive, in contravention of international law and a violation of
Pakistani sovereignty."

And according to the UN charter Article 2 paragraph 4 (use of force against the territorial integrity) US is
violating International law.legal experts says, Conducting drone strikes in a country against its will could
be seen as an act of war.

the foreign minister, Hina Rabbani Khar

"What the drones are trying to achieve, we may not disagree If they're going for terrorists we do not
disagree," she said in New York. "But we have to find ways which are lawful, which are legal. The use of
unilateral strikes on Pakistani territory is illegal."(45)

Pakistanis who oppose drone strikes offer numerous criticisms. First and foremost is the issue of
sovereignty, and secondly, drone strikes violate domestic and international legal norms and are not
representative of the wishes of a democratically elected government. Now Pakistani pundits have
started analyzing the links between drone attacks and they have came to the conclusion that whenever,
government starts negotiating with the TTP, Drone attack occurs and it seems like US dont want peace
in this region.

Hilary Clinton argued that Pakistan

has suffered huge human and material losses following its

discussion to support US after 9/11, which no amount of

American aid can ever compensate.

And if now policy makers ignore the bitter realities of international relations and diplomacy Pakistan will
have to face worst consequences and Pakistan cant afford this now.

Conclusion:
A successful foreign policy is the basic requirement for achieving the objective of meaningful national
security. It helps to achieve allies and weakens enemies and it also helps to gain support of the neutral
nations. It has always remained the prime objective of the Pakistan foreign policy to develop relations
with the major powers and to safeguard national security. But unfortunately, throughout the history
different events have controlled Pakistans foreign policy. Like Abraham Lincoln said;
I have not controlled events, events have controlled me. Thats why Pakistan has always accorded
great importance to its relations with USA and it was Pakistans help USA achieved its objectives during
cold war. The event of September 11 necessitated for Pakistan to review its policies and Pakistan made
virtue out of necessity in becoming part of us-led international coalition against terrorism. Pakistan
expects that revival of security links with USA would open ways towards prosperity and it will be a great
support for Pakistan to tackle its internal problems.

Pakistans Foreign policy must remain vibrant and responsive to the evolving trends in international
relations.

US and rest of the world community must realize that if Pakistan remain in economic stagnation and
political and social crisis then its poverty will lead towards terrorism and threat to the region peace. On
the other hand, if its social and economic conditions improve then it has the capability to become an
enlightened and modern muslim country.
References:

2. (5): Pervez Musharraf admits permitting 'a few' US drone strikes in Pakistan Article by Peter
Beaumont and Jon Boone 12 APRIL 2013 , The Guardian

3. (2) Kashmir and terrorism aren't the problem, it's the bomb by
4. Martin Woollacott the guardian 24 may 2002

5. (7) Pakistan's Foreign Policy: Challenges and Opportunities after 9/11 pg.no 60
6. by Muhammad Ishaque Fani

7. Pakistan Horizon
8. Vol. 58, No. 4 (October 2005), pp. 53-64

9. Address to the Nation by President Musharraf on 19 September , 2001

10. Post-9/11 Afghanistan and the Regional Security Scenario

11. Nabiha Gul
12. Pakistan Horizon
13. Vol. 59, No. 1 (January 2006), pp. 45-57

(1) Pakistans Foreign Policy 1947-2012 A concise History by Abdul Sattar PP, 255-269
14. Article :Post 9-11 policy of Pakistan By shamshad Ahmed
15. IPRI ( Islamabad policy Research institute) Journal Volume. 3 No.1 winter 2003
16. Pakistans foreign policy an agonising reappraisal by Shamshad Ahmed Published Express
Tribune 26 december 2014

17. (2) After US says 'sorry' for Salala attack Express tribune, 3 july 2012
18. (12) Pakistani businesses can export over 3,500 items to the US duty free published in Dawn 8
march 2013

19. (15) Do not ask Pakistan to do more on terror: Zardari PUBLISHED SEP 26, 2012 03:29AM Dawn
News
20. (45) Pakistan is not co-operating with US over drones, ministry insists Friday 28 September 2012
the Guardian