Reaction Paper

(3 Stars and a sun)

Submittedby:

DeLeon,FrancisGeromeP.

Submittedto:

SirMarkAnthonyCeleste

Synopsisoftheplay:

Itis2086andthecharactersliveinsidetheStormdome,amassivestructureerected
byaheroknownonlyasPancho,whobuiltittoprotectFilipinosfromtheradiationofa
nuclearwar.Hedies,charginghisfriendRasputinwithprotectingthepeople.

Butthelatter,drivenbyfamilyinterests,rejectsdemocracyandgrabspowerfor
himself,overtimecreatingasituationwheretheremainingpopulacearedividedintothe
haveslivinginluxuryinLuminoCity,andthehavenotsinDilimanSectorscavenging
scrapmaterialsinexchangeforfoodpacksandtheleaderoftheDilimangroupisSol.
LuminoCityLeaderisGino.GinoissonofCongressmanInky.

SolisthedaughterofDiannemaidandthesemaidmemorieshavebeenclearedso
sheforgetsallthethingsaboutherpastmemoriesespeciallyaboutSol.Dianneisthe
daughterofthecongressmanInkywhodontlikethegovernanceunderhermother.
CongressmanInkywassogreedinpowerevenstheirsomanypeoplesuffering.Shelikesto
clearallthememoriesofthepeoplesurroundhertobeoneofherfollower.Therearesome
oftheTropangGisingmemberhasbeencapturedbyherwatchmanandremovedallthe
memoriestheyhave.Thereareoneofthepeoplewhoknowthestoriesabouthistoryand
howitchangedbythegreedleaderInky.MangOkikisaoldmanwhoknoweveryinthe
pastandhowlivinginthestormdomeaffectseveryonelives.

TropangGisingfromDilimanplacetheirlivesatrisktoachievefreedomfrom
oppression,inpartbecausetheyhavenothingtolose.

Theplayremindsusthatthepowertobringaboutchangeliesinthehandsof
individualsworkingtogetherasateam.Nationalismisteamworkwritonalargescale,and
ifthisisstrongenoughwithinus,wecaneffectatransformationforthebetter.
 TheLuminosandDilimansinsidetheStormdomehadtodestroytheirworldin
ordertocreateanewone.

Introductiononthetechnologythatyouwanttopropose:

Inourdailylivesweexperiencedifferenthappenings,someofthosearehappiness

andsomeofthosearenot.Sometimesthesadmemoriesaretheonlythingsortheonly

memoriesremainsonourmind.Whathappentothememorieswithourloveones?Ifwe

canforgetallthosememories?

Threestarsandasunisaplaywhereofferadifferentkindorusedtechnologiesto

changedailylives,especiallytheliveofanindividuals.TheyusedifferenttechnologiesbutI

cantforgetthetechnologiesorthemachinethatcanclearthepreciousmemoriesofan

individuals.Theprocessofclearingmemoriesisheartfeltformeforareasonthatthose

preciousmemoriesclearedforselfinterestandneverconsideredwhatthefeelingofthe

personis.

Iofferedatechnologythatcanbeusedinfuture,achipthatcanstoredthe

memoriesofahuman.Allthosememorieswillbestoredonsmallchipsthatcanbebuilt

insidethebrain.Thechipcanautomaticallystoreallthepreciousmemories.Thechipscan

throwbackallthememoriesautomatically.Thechipcannotbeformattedbecauseithasa

securedcommandthattheemotionofausercancontrol.Thechipcansaveallhappy

memoriesbuttakenoteitwillneverclearedthesadmemoriesitispartofyourmemories.

Alwaysrememberthatsadmemoriesarepartofgrowingup.Theonlyabilityofachipis

storeandsecuresthememories.

MemoryChips(MC)isachipsyoucanbuiltonthebrainofhumanthatconnected

totheheartandneuronofahuman.Emotionsofauserwillaffectthememories.Thechips
cannotbeformattedbyothersoIofferthissystemforthefuturetechnology,becausesome

peoplehaveabadintentiontoandliketoclearthosememoriesyouhaveforselfinterest

only.Capacityofthechipisnotaproblemitcanprovideanunlimitedstorage.The

durationofchipisonlyonehundredfiftyyears(150)years.Itissoimpossibleforahuman

toliveintheworldincourseof150years.Ifthepersondiedthememorychips

automaticallyshutdownanddestroyitself,becausetheneuronandtheheartofauseris

notfunctioning.

RelatedStudies:

MemoryImplant

Insomeways,thehumanbrainisn'tmuchdifferentfromacomputer.Bothuse

electricitytoprocessinformation,relaycommands,andexecuteactions.AttheGlobal

Future2045conferenceinNewYorkCitythispastweekend,severalspeakersexplained

howscientistsareexploitingthoseelectricalconnectionstoblurthelinebetweenmanand

machineandtheaccomplishmentssofarareincredible.

Usingelectrodeimplants,deepbrainstimulationtherapiescanzapneuronswithtiny

electricalpulsestotreatParkinson's,depression,andepilepsy.Cochlearimplantsrestore

hearingtothedeaf,whileartificialretinascan
partiallyrestoresighttotheblind
.

Thoughtcontrolledroboticlimbshavealreadyenabledquadriplegicsto
feed

themselves
andreachoutto
touchalovedone
,andmayonedayhelppeoplewithparalysis

toliveindependently.

Yettechnologiesthatinterfacebetweenneuronsandcomputersarestillintheir

infancy.Herearefourbigimprovementsthatwillsoonbringbrainmachineinterfacingto

thenextlevel.

BetterMaterials,LongerLifetimes

Today'sbrainimplantslastforonlyonetotwoyearsinprimates.Afterawhile,the

electrodessimplystopcommunicatingwiththeneuronsandscientistsaren'tsure
 why.Onetheoryisthattheelectrodes(essentiallystiffbedsofneedles)damage

surroundingcellsandcapillaries,causingscartissuetoformaroundtheelectrode.

Severalresearchgroupsareworkingtocreateelectrodesthataremoreflexibleand

biocompatible."Thinkofcontactlenses,"MichelMaharbiz,anelectricalengineer

atUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,saidduringatalkonSaturday.

Maharbizsayshisgroupenvisionsanultrathin,pliableimplantthatsitsontopof

thebrainanddanglesstripsofflexibleelectrodesdownintothebraintissue,"so

youhavealmostathinspaghettipermeatingthebrainandtakingdata."By

integratingmorenaturallywiththebrain,suchbiocompatibleelectrodearrays

shouldincreasethelifetimeofthedevices.

SensoryFeedbackandBetterControl

Currentbraincontrolledprostheticlimbsdon'tprovidesensoryfeedbacktothe

user.Apatientusingaprostheticlimbcan'tfeelthecupshe'sgrabbingshehasto

watchthelimbtokeeptrackofwhereitisinrelationtotherestofherbody.

"SensationisoneofthemissingelementsintheBMI[brainmachineinterface]

field,"saidJoseCarmena,whoalsostudiesneuroprostheticsatUC,Berkeley.He

andotherscientistsaretryingtofindouthowtouseprostheticlimbstocollect

sensoryinformationsuchastextureortemperatureandtranslatethat

informationintoelectricalsignalsthebraincaninterpret.Integratingsensory

feedbacknotonlywillprovidearicherexperiencefortheuser,butcanalsohelp
 patientsusetheprostheticstoperformfinerandmorecomplexmovementssuchas

tyingtheirshoesorbrushingtheirteeth.

GoingWireless

Today'sBMIimplantsmustbetetheredtoanoutsideenergysourcetosendand

receiveelectricalsignals.Thatmeanswirescomingoutofaholeinthepatient's

skull,leavinganeasyrouteforinfectiontoenterthebrain.Thatleavesthepatient

vulnerableandalsolimitswhatthebraincontrolledprostheticcando.

DuringSaturday'stalk,CarmenaandMaharbizrevealedtheirnewestconceptfor

anuntetheredBMI.Theidea,whichthey'venamedNeuralDust,involves

replacingneedleelectrodeswithasprinklingoftinyultrasoundtransceivers

throughoutthebrain.Thefreefloatingnodesaremeanttobesmallerthanthe

widthofahumanhair.Theycouldsimultaneouslyinterfacewiththousandsof

neuronsfromvariouspartsofthebrainandwouldn'tneedbatteriesorwires.

Instead,they'dbepoweredsimilarlytoRFIDtags,whichcouplewithanoutside

energysourcetotransmitdata.Althoughthegrouphasn'tbuiltaprototypeyet,

CarmenaandMaharbizthinkthey'llbetestingNeuralDustinanimalmodels

withinayearandahalf.

NewUsesforBMI
BMIscouldhavemanyusesthathaven'tevenbeenexploredyet.Forexample,

biomedicalengineerTheodoreBergerfromtheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia

hascreatedanimplantablechipthatcanrecoverlostmemoryfunctioninratsand

primates.

Totestthechipinrats,Berger'sgroupplacedindividualratsinacagewithtwo

levers.Afterpressingonelever,therathadtoremembertopresstheoppositelever

afterbeingdistractedforashorttime.Byrecordingneuralactivityintherat's

hippocampusasitchosethecorrectlever,thescientistswereabletopickupon

firingpatternsthatcorrespondedtoeachlever.Whentheresearchersimpaireda

rat'shippocampustheareaofthebrainthatturnsshorttermmemoriesinto

longtermmemoriesithadahardertimerememberingwhichleverithadjust

pushed.Byhookingtheratsuptoanartificialhippocampusandreplayingthe

correctneuralfiringpatterns,theratsremembered.

Bergerthinksthemethodcouldbeappliedinhumanstorepaircognitivedeficits

fromstroke,aging,headtrauma,andevenepilepsy.Moreover,thegroupeven

usedtheimplantstostrengthenmemoryinratswhosehippocampiwere

intactpotentiallypointingtocognitiveenhancementsforhumansinthedecades

tocome.

AsBMItechnologyadvances,it'llopenupevenmoreavenues.Attheconference

onSunday,Bergerhintedthathisgroupisthinkingaheadtoanewgenerationof
 enhancements."Thisprojectistodevelopaneuralprosthesisforcognitionfirst

formemory,butlaterforothertypesofcognitivefunctions,"hesaid.

RestoringActiveMemory(RAM)

Dr.JustinSanchez

Traumaticbraininjury(TBI)isaseriouscauseofdisabilityintheUnitedStates.

Diagnosedinmorethan270,000militaryservicememberssince2000andaffectingan
1
estimated1.7millionU.S.civilianseachyear,TBIfrequentlyresultsinanimpairedability

toretrievememoriesformedpriortoinjuryandareducedcapacitytoformorretainnew

memoriesfollowinginjury.Despitethescaleoftheproblem,feweffectivetherapies

currentlyexisttomitigatethelongtermconsequencesofTBIonmemory.Throughthe

RestoringActiveMemory(RAM)program,DARPAseekstoacceleratethedevelopmentof

technologyabletoaddressthispublichealthchallengeandhelpservicemembersand

othersovercomememorydeficitsbydevelopingnewneuroprostheticstobridgegapsinthe

injuredbrain.

TheendgoalofRAMistodevelopandtestawireless,fullyimplantableneuralinterface

medicaldeviceforhumanclinicaluse,butanumberofsignificantadvanceswillbe

targetedonthewaytoachievingthatgoal.Tostart,DARPAwillsupportthedevelopment

ofmultiscalecomputationalmodelswithhighspatialandtemporalresolutionthat

describehowneuronscodedeclarativememoriesthosewelldefinedparcelsofknowledge

thatcanbeconsciouslyrecalledanddescribedinwords,suchasevents,times,andplaces.

Researcherswillalsoexplorenewmethodsforanalysisanddecodingofneuralsignalsto
understandhowtargetedstimulationmightbeappliedtohelpthebrainreestablishan

abilitytoencodenewmemoriesfollowingbraininjury.Encodingreferstotheprocessby

whichnewlylearnedinformationisattendedtoandprocessedbythebrainwhenfirst

encountered.

Buildingonthisfoundationalwork,researcherswillattempttointegratethe

computationalmodelsdevelopedunderRAMintonew,implantable,closedloopsystems

abletodelivertargetedneuralstimulationthatmayultimatelyhelprestorememory

function.Thesestudieswillinvolvevolunteerslivingwithdeficitsintheencodingand/or

retrievalofdeclarativememoriesand/orvolunteersundergoingneurosurgeryforother

neurologicalconditions.

Inadditiontohumanclinicalefforts,RAMwillsupportanimalstudiestoadvance

thestateoftheartofquantitativemodelsthataccountfortheencodingandretrievalof

complexmemoriesandmemoryattributes,includingtheirhierarchicalassociationswith

oneanother.Thisworkwillalsoseektoidentifyanycharacteristicneuralandbehavioral

correlatesofmemoriesfacilitatedbytherapeuticdevices.

RAMandrelatedDARPAneuroscienceeffortsareinformedbymembersofan

independentEthical,Legal,andSocialImplications(ELSI)panel.Communicationswith

ELSIpanelistssupplementtheoversightprovidedbyinstitutionalreviewboardsthat

governhumanclinicalstudiesandanimaluse.

RAMispartofabroaderportfolioofprogramswithinDARPAthatsupportPresident

Obamasbraininitiative.
 USC:RestoringMemory,RepairingDamagedBrains

Biomedicalengineersanalyzeandduplicatetheneuralmechanismoflearninginrats

LOSANGELES,June17,2011/PRNewswireUSNewswire/Scientistshavedevelopeda

waytoturnmemoriesonandoffliterallywiththeflipofaswitch.

(Photo:
http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20110617/DC21758
)

Usinganelectronicsystemthatduplicatestheneuralsignalsassociatedwithmemory,they

managedtoreplicatethebrainfunctioninratsassociatedwithlongtermlearnedbehavior,

evenwhentheratshadbeendruggedtoforget.

"Fliptheswitchon,andtheratsremember.Flipitoff,andtheratsforget,"saidTheodore

BergeroftheUSCViterbiSchoolofEngineering'sDepartmentofBiomedicalEngineering.

Bergeristheleadauthorofanarticlethatwillbepublishedinthe
JournalofNeural

Engineering
.HisteamworkedwithscientistsfromWakeForestUniversityinthestudy,

buildingonrecentadvancesinourunderstandingofthebrainareaknownasthe

hippocampusanditsroleinlearning.

Intheexperiment,theresearchershadratslearnatask,pressingoneleverratherthan

anothertoreceiveareward.Usingembeddedelectricalprobes,theexperimentalresearch

team,ledbySamA.DeadwyleroftheWakeForestDepartmentofPhysiologyand

Pharmacology,recordedchangesintherat'sbrainactivitybetweenthetwomajorinternal

divisionsofthehippocampus,knownassubregionsCA3andCA1.Duringthelearning

process,thehippocampusconvertsshorttermmemoryintolongtermmemory,the

researcherspriorworkhasshown.
"Nohippocampus,"saysBerger,"nolongtermmemory,butstillshorttermmemory."

CA3andCA1interacttocreatelongtermmemory,priorresearchhasshown.

Inadramaticdemonstration,theexperimentersblockedthenormalneuralinteractions

betweenthetwoareasusingpharmacologicalagents.Thepreviouslytrainedratsthenno

longerdisplayedthelongtermlearnedbehavior.

"Theratsstillshowedthattheyknew'whenyoupressleftfirst,thenpressrightnexttime,

andviceversa,'"Bergersaid."Andtheystillknewingeneraltopressleversforwater,but

theycouldonlyrememberwhethertheyhadpressedleftorrightfor510seconds."

UsingamodelcreatedbytheprostheticsresearchteamledbyBerger,theteams

thenwentfurtheranddevelopedanartificialhippocampalsystemthatcouldduplicatethe

patternofinteractionbetweenCA3CA1interactions.

Longtermmemorycapabilityreturnedtothepharmacologicallyblockedratswhen

theteamactivatedtheelectronicdeviceprogrammedtoduplicatethememoryencoding

function.

Inaddition,theresearcherswentontoshowthatifaprostheticdeviceandits

associatedelectrodeswereimplantedinanimalswithanormal,functioninghippocampus,

thedevicecouldactuallystrengthenthememorybeinggeneratedinternallyinthebrain

andenhancethememorycapabilityofnormalrats.

"Theseintegratedexperimentalmodelingstudiesshowforthefirsttimethatwith

sufficientinformationabouttheneuralcodingofmemories,aneuralprosthesiscapableof
realtimeidentificationandmanipulationoftheencodingprocesscanrestoreandeven

enhancecognitivemnemonicprocesses,"saysthepaper.

Nextsteps,accordingtoBergerandDeadwyler,willbeattemptstoduplicatetherat

resultsinprimates(monkeys),withtheaimofeventuallycreatingprosthesesthatmight

helpthehumanvictimsofAlzheimer'sdisease,strokeorinjuryrecoverfunction.

ConceptualFramework:

TheSolution:

Thebestsolutionistoimplementthememorychipforareasonthatitwillhelpthe

communityandalsotheindividual.Memorychipwillhelpthepersonwhosuffersinsevere

braindiseasesinreality.Ifthememorychipwillbeimplemented,italsohelpsthe

individualtohaveapeaceofmind.

Toimprovedthememorychipcallahelpforaresearcherthatwillhelpyouto

improvetheabilityofthememorychip.Proposedittothecommunityandifthepeoplein

thecommunityorinsocietyapprovetotheproposal,gotothegovernmentofficialsand

proposetheMemoryChip(MC).Ifthegovernmentapprovesyourproposalaboutthe

memorychip,gotothehospitalfortheapprovalitthechipsisgoodforapersonoritcan

risktheirlife.Afterapprovalofthehospitalusethememorychipalsoasamedicinetothe

peoplesufferinseverebraindisease.Itcanalsohelpthepersonwhohasamemory

problem.Buttheconcernofthistechnologyistoofferinfuturepurposeslikeifaperson

liketoformatourmemoryortocontrolus.Itservesasapreparationforthefuture,70

yearsfromnow,becauselikeinthestoryof3starsandasuntherearepeoplesogreedin

poweranddontthinkwhatthemeaningofdemocracyis.

Memorychipiscontrolledbytheuserbutthechipalsocontrolthemindstateto

thinkright,tothinkwhatisthegooddecisionforeverybodyandtothinkwhatisthebest

forourfamily.Thememorychipprogrammedtohaveabetterfuture.Memoryisthebest

solutionforthefuturelivingbecauseitsecuresallthememoriesandwillneverbe
formattedbyotherandcannotbeformattedbyotherpeople.Youwillnevercontrolledby

thegreedleaderlikeInkyin3starsandasun.

Conclusion:

Ithereforconcludethatapplyingmemorychipforourdailyliveswillprovidea

peacecommunityandpeaceofmind.Ifpeoplehaveapeaceofmindthereisnoreasonto

dobadthings,becausetheythinkright.Memorychipwillimprovedthecommunitytothe

ultimatestate.Communityorasocietywillhaveagoodrelationshipbetweeneachother

andwithnodiscrimination.Memorychipwillimprovedtherelationshipofoneselfto

anotherortoyourloveones,sothecommunitywillhaveaworldthatfullofloveand

freedom.