Digi Notes 11-03-2016 Maths

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Preface
The Digi-notes (The Alligation Rule) as presented here is prepared
strictly according to IBPS-PO, IBPS-Clerk, IBPS-SO and other PO/Clerk
level competitive exams. The main aim of the Digi-notes is to develop
the notion of the Alligation rule so that candidate would be able to
handle the quantitative problems of the real world easily and
conveniently and hence in their competitive exams. Candidates are
advised to handle the Digi-notes by keeping in mind that they are
going to LEARN (NOT STUDY) the Alligation rule so that you; yourself
would be able to minimize the steps required to conclude the answer
of the question and hence develop the SHORT TRICKS.
All the best
Contents
1. Preface ..2
2. Contents 3
3. Introduction 4
4. The Alligation Rule? ..5
5. Practice Time .5
The Alligation Rule

Introduction:
The word Alligation is used in the sense of mixing of two or
more ingredients. For example if we are mixing milk and
water; we could say it in other words that We are having an
Alligation of milk and water
The questions in which we observe the following two points;
we will conclude that the given question could be optimally
solved with the help of the Alligation Rule:
1. The Necessary Condition: A SENSE OF MIXING should be
conveyed from the question. The sense of mixing could
be either real mixing or hypothetical mixing.
2. The Sufficient Condition: The Relative Quantity of the
ingredients should be defined directly or indirectly in the
question as Alligation Rule is always applied on Relative
Quantity (per kg; per litre; percentage; ratio; average
etc); never on Absolute Quantity (Rs.; kg; litre; 100 etc).
Note (Very important): After applying the Alligation Rule; the
ratio obtained are always of the quantity which comes after
per i.e.; the quantity from which the division is done or
from which the comparison is made.
The Alligation Rule:

The rule says that The ratio in which two ingredients; having
relative values a1 and a2; which are mixed to produce a
mixture (real/hypothetical) having relative value aav; is given
by:
Ensure to subtract in the order in which it is shown here.

Dont change the order of subtraction; otherwise the final
answer of the question would not be correct.
Practice Time
1. In what proportion must rice at Rs.3.10 per kg be mixed
with rice at Rs.3.60 per kg, so that the mixture is worth
Rs.3.25 per kg?
Rice1 Rice2
310 360
325
35 : 15
Re quired Ratio 7 : 3
2. There are 65 students in a class. 39 rupees are distributed

among them so that each boy gets 80 paisa and each girl
gets 30 paisa. Find the number of boys in that class.
3900 Paise
Paise /Students 60 P / students
65
Girl Boys
30 80
60
20 : 30
G : B 2:3
65 65
Girls 2 26 And Boys 3 39
5 5
3. A person travels 285 km in 6 hrs. In two stages. In the

first part of the journey, he travels by bus at the speed of
40 km per hr. In the second part of the journey, he travels
by train at the speed of 55 km per hr. How much distance
did he travel by train?
285
AverageSpeed 47.5km / hr
6
Bus Train
40 55
47.5
7.5 : 7.5
BusTime : TrainTime 7.5 : 7.5 1 : 1;
6
TrainTime 1 3hrs.
2
Hence Dis tan ce Travelled by Train 55 3 165 km
4. In a Zoo, there are rabbits and pigeons. If heads are

counted, there are 200 and if legs are counted, there are
580. How many pigeons are there?
580 Legs
Legs /Animals 2.9 Legs / Animals
200
LegsPigeons LegsRabbits
2 4
2.9
1.1 : 0.9
200
P : R 11 : 9; Therefore Pigeons 11 110
11 9
5. The present population of a town is 5000. If the number

of the males is increases by 10% while the number of the
females increases by 15%; the population of the town
increases to 5600. Find the numbers of the males:
1. Before the increase
2. After the increase
600
% PopulationOverall 100 12%
5000
% Male % Female
10% 15%
12%
3% : 2%
G:B 3:2
3000
1.MalesBefore 3 3000
5
110
2.MalesAfter 3000 3300
100
6. Weights of two friends Ram and Shyam are in the ratio of

4:5. Rams weight increases by 10% and the total weight
of Ram and Shyam together becomes 82.8 kg, with an
increase of 15%. By what percent did the weight of
Shyam increases?
4 : 5
% WeightRam % WeightShyam
10% x%
15%
x 15% : 5%
We have
x 15 4

5 5
x 19%
Percentage Increase in Shyam' s Weight 19%
7. A man spends 75% of his income. His income increases by

20% and his expenditure also increases by 10%. Find the
percentage increase in his saving?
Saving:Expenditure 10-75%:75% 1:3

1 : 3
Saving Expenditure
x% 10%
20%
10% : 20 x %
We have
10 1

20 x 3
20 x 30
x 50%
Percentage Increase in Saving 50%
8. A man buys two horses for Rs.1350 and sells one so as to

lose 6% and the other so as to gain 7.5% and on the
whole he neither gains nor loses. Find the difference of
the cost price of the horses?
Horse1 Horse2
6% 7.5%
0%
7.5% : 6%
Horse1 : Horse2 7.5% : 6% 5 : 4
1350
Horse1 5 Rs.750
9
1350
Horse2 4 Rs.600
9
9. A trader has 50 kg of rice, a part of which he sells at 10%

profit and the rest at 5% loss. He gains 7% on the whole.
What is the quantity sold at 5% loss?
Part1 Part 2
10% 5%
7%
12% : 3%
Part1 : Part 2 12%: 3% 4 : 1
50 kg
Quantity Sold at 5% loss 1 10 kg
5
10. If goods are purchased for Rs.450 and 1/3rd be sold

at a loss of 10%. What percent of profit should be taken
on the remainder so as to gain 20% on the whole
transaction?
1 1 2
: 1
3 3 3
1 : 2
Part1 Part 2
10% x%
20%
x 20% : 30%
We have
x 20 1
2 x 40 30 x 35%
30 2
11. In what proportion must water be mixed with milk
to gain 20% by selling it at cost price?
Let CPSpirit Rs.1 / Liter

SPSpirit Water Rs.1 / Liter Rs.0 / Liter Rs.1 / Liter
Rs.1 / Liter 5
CPSpirit Water 100% Rs. / Liter
120% 6
CPWater CPSpirit
0 1
5
6
1 5
:
6 6
1 5
Water:Spirit : 1:5
6 6
12. How many kg of salt at 42 paisa per kg must a man

mix with 25 kg of salt at 24 paisa per kg so that he may
on selling the mixture at 40 paisa per kg, gain 25% on the
outlay?
40 Paise/kg
CPMixture 100% 32 Paise/kg
125%
? kg 25 kg
Salt1 Salt 2
42 24
32
8 : 10
Salt1:Salt2 8: 10 4:5
25
Salt1 4 20 kg
5
13. A man bought two watches for Rs.1620. He sold one

so as to gain 120% while the other so as to gain 30%; and
gains as much the amount for which he bought the two
watches. Find the difference of the cost price of the
watches.
1620
% POverall 100 100%
1620
Watch1 Watch2
120% 30%
100%
70% : 20%
Cost of Watch1 : Cost of Watch2 7 : 2
Rs.1620
Cots Difference 5 Rs.900
9
14. A man bought two watches each for Rs.2000 and

Rs.3000 respectively. He sold first so as to gain 20% while
the second so as to gain 30%. Find his overall profit
percentage.
2 : 3
Rs.2000 Rs.3000
Watch1 Watch2
20% 30%
x%
30 x % : x 20%

30 x % 2
x 20% 3
x 26%
15. A man bought two watches each for Rs.1620. He

sold one so as to gain 20% while the other so as to gain
30%. Find his overall profit percentage.
1 : 1
Rs.1600 Rs.1600
Watch1 Watch2
20% 30%
x%
30 x % : x 20%

30 x % 1
x 20% 1
x 25%
16. A man sold two watches each for Rs.1620. He sold

one so as to gain 20% while the other so as to gain 30%.
Find his overall profit percentage.
13 : 12
Rs.1600 Rs.1600
100% : 100%
120% 130%
Watch1 Watch2
20% 30%
x%
30 x % : x 20%

30 x % 13
x 20% 12
x 24.8%
17. A man sold two watches each for Rs.1620. He sold

one so as to gain 20% while the other so as to lose 20%.
Find his overall profit percentage.
2 : 3
Rs.1600 Rs.1600
100% : 100%
120% 80%
Watch1 Watch2
20% 20%
x%
20 x % : x 20%

20 x % 2
x 20% 3
x 4% 4% loss
OR
20 20
% POverall 20 20 4% 4% loss
100
18. A man sold two commodities each for the same

price, and on the whole he neither gains nor loses. If he
sold one so as to gain 25%; find the percentage profit or
loss on the other commodity?
100 x : 125
s s
100% : 100%
125% 100 x %
Watch1 Watch2
25% x%
0%
x% : 25%
x% 100 x

20% 125
2 2
x 16 % 16 % loss
3 3
19. In what ratio must water be mixed with pure milk

costing Rs.16 per liter so as to get a mixture costing
Rs.7.50 per liter?
Water Milk
0 16
7.50
8.50 : 7.50
Water : Milk 17 : 15
20. How much water be mixed with 30 liters of pure

milk costing Rs.16 per liter so as to get a mixture costing
Rs.7.50 per liter?
? Liter 30 Liter
Water Milk
0 16
7.50
8.50 : 7.50
30
Water 17 34liter
15
21. How much water be mixed with 30 liters of pure

milk costing Rs.16 per liter so that on selling the mixture
at Rs.9 per liter; a profit of 20% would be made?
9
Cost Mixture 100% Rs / 7.50 per liter
120%
? Liter 30 Liter
Water Milk
0 16
7.50
8.50 : 7.50
30
Water 17 34liter
15
22. In what ratio must an acid having 20% H2SO4 be

mixed with another acid having 50% H2SO4; in order to
get an acid having 30% H2SO4.
H SO4 H SO4
Acid1 2 Acid 2 2
20% 50%
30%
20% : 10%
Acid 2 : Acid 2 2 : 1
23. How much an acid having 20% H2SO4 be mixed with

5 liters of an acid having 50% H2SO4; in order to get an
acid having 30% H2SO4.
? Liter 5 Liter
H SO4 H SO4
Acid1 2 Acid 2 2
20% 50%
30%
20% : 10%
Acid 2 : Acid 2 2 : 1
5
Acid1 2 10liter
1
24. Two containers A and B; contains the mixture of milk

and water in the ratio of 3:5 and 4:5 respectively. In what
ratio must the mixture be drawn from the containers A
and B respectively and mixed in a third container C so
that the ratio of the milk and water becomes 8:11?
VesselAMilk VesselBMilk
3 4
8 9
8
19
4 8 8 3
:
9 19 19 8
QuantityA : QuantityB 32 : 63
25. Milk and water are mixed in a vessel A as 4:1 and in

vessel B as 3:2. For vessel C, if one takes equal quantities
from A and B, find the ratio of milk to water in C.
1 : 1
Vessel AMilk VesselBMilk
4 3
5 5
x
3 4
x : x
5 5
We have
3
x
5 1

4 1
x
5
7 Milk 7
x
10 Milk Water 10
Milk : Milk Water 7 : 10 Milk : Water 7 : (10 7) 7 : 3

mixed with another acid having 40% water; in order to
get an acid having 40% H2SO4.
H SO4 H SO4
Acid1 2 Acid 2 2
30% 60%
40%
20% : 10%
Acid 2 : Acid 2 2 : 1
27. How much an acid having 30% H2SO4 be mixed with

8 liters acid having 40% water ; in order to get an acid
having 50% H2SO4.
? liter 8 liters
H SO4 H SO4
Acid1 2 Acid 2 2
30% 60%
40%
20% : 10%
Acid1:Acid 2 2 : 1
8
Acid1 3 24 liter
1

mixed with water; in order to get an acid having 15%
H2SO4.
Water
Acid1 Pure Water
70% 100%
85%
15% : 15%
Acid 2 : Water 1 : 1
29. In certain mixture of milk and water; 40% is water.

When 21 liters of mixture is removed and then 21 liters
of water is added; the water becomes 75% in the
mixture. Find :
1. The Final quantity of the mixture.
2. The Initial Quantity of the Mixture
21 Liter
Re duced MixtureWater Pure WaterAdded
40% 100%
75%
25% : 35%
Re duced Mixture : WaterAdded 5 : 7
21
1. Final 12 36 liter
7
2. Initial 36 liter
30. In certain mixture of milk ad water; 40% is water.

When 15 liters of mixture is removed and then 21 liters
of water is added; the water becomes 75% in the
mixture. Find :
1. The Final quantity of the mixture.
2. The Initial Quantity of the
Mixture.
21 Liter
Re duced MixtureWater Pure WaterAdded
40% 100%
75%
25% : 35%
Re duced Mixture:WaterAdded 5 : 7
21
1. Final 12 36 liter
7
2. Initial 36 (15 21) 30 liter
31. In a certain quantity of mixture of two liquids A and

B; the ratio of A to B is 7:5. When 9 liters of mixture is
removed and then 9 liters of liquid B is added; the ratio
of A to B becomes 7:9. Find the quantity of A
1. In the Final mixture
2. In the Initial mixture
9 Liter
Re duced Mixture B Pure BAdded
5
1
12
9
16
7 7
:
16 48
9 36
1. Final 4 36 liter A : B 7 : 9 A 7 15.75 liter
1 16
36
2. Initial 36 liter A : B 7 : 5 A 7 21 liter
12
32. In a certain quantity of mixture of two liquids A and

B; the ratio of A to B is 7:5. When 15 liters of mixture is
removed and then 9 liters of liquid B is added; the ratio
of A to B becomes 7:9. Find the quantity of A
3. In the Final mixture
4. In the Initial mixture
9 Liter
Re duced Mixture B Pure BAdded
5
1
12
9
16
7 7
:
16 48
9 36
1. Final 4 36 liter A : B 7 : 9 A 7 15.75 liter
1 16
42
2. Initial 36 (15 9) 42 liter A : B 7 : 5 A 7 24.5 liter
12
33. In a certain quantity of syrup; 5 parts is honey while

3 parts is water. How much PART OF SYRUP must be
replaced with water in order to get a syrup having half
honey and half water.
Re duced Syrup Water Pure WaterAdded

3
1
8
1
2
1 1
:
2 8
Re duced Syrup:WaterAdded 4 : 1
th
1 1
Part Replaced Part 20%
4 1 5
34. A vessel of 80 liters is filled with milk and water. 70%

of milk and 30% of water is taken out of the vessel. It is
found that the vessel is vacated by 55%. Find the initial
quantity of milk and water.
Water Re moved Milk Re moved

30% 70%
55%
15% : 25%
Water : Milk 15% : 25% 3 : 5
80
Milk 5 50 liters
35
Water 80 50 30 lietrs
35. A vessel full of pure acid contains 10 liters of it. Out

of which 2 liters are withdrawn; the vessel is then filled
with water. Next 2 liters of mixture are withdrawn and
again vessel is filled up with water. Find the ratio of the
acid left in the vessel with that of the original quantity.
Number of times the process Re peated

Add/ Re move
Pure Acid Left Pure Acid Initially 1
Pure Acid
Initially
Pure Acid Left Add/ Re move
1
Pure Acid Initially Pure Acid
Initially
2
Pure Acid Left 2
1
Pure Acid Initially 10
Pure Acid Left 16

Pure Acid Initially 25
36. 8 liters are drawn from a cask full of wine and is

then filled with water. This operation is performed three
more times. The ratio of the quantity of the wine now
left in the cask to that of the water is 16:65. How much
wine did the cask hold originally?

Add/ Re move
WineLeft WineOriginally 1
Wine
Originally
WineLeft : Water 16 : 65
WineLeft : WineFinally 16 : 16 65
But; WineFinally WineOriginally
WineLeft : WineOriginally 16 : 81
Hence
4
8
16 811
Wine
Originally
8
2 31
Wine
Originally
WineOriginally 24 liter
37. Rs.1500 is invested in two such parts that if one part

be invested at 6% and the other at 5%, the total interest
in one year from both investments is Rs.85. How much is
invested at 5%?
Pr t
SI
100
Rs.1500 r 1 17
Rs.85 r %
100 3
Part1 Part 2
6% 5%
17
%
3
2 1
:
3 3
Part1 : Part 2 2 : 1
Rs.1500
Part 2 1 Rs.500
3
38. The average of marks obtained by 120 candidates in

a certain examination is 35. If the average mark of passed
candidates is 39 and that of the failed candidates are 15.
What is the number of candidates who passed in the
examination?
Average MarksPassed Average MarksFailed

39 15
35
20 : 4
Average MarksPassed : Average MarksFailed 5 : 1
120
Passed Candidates 5 100
6
39. In three classes X, Y and Z; an algebra test is

conducted. The average score of class X is 83. The
average score of class Y is 76 and the average score of
class Z is 85. The average score of class X & Y is 79 and the
average score of class Y & Z is 81. What is the average
score of the classes X, Y and Z.?
Average ScoreX Average ScoreY

83 76
79
3 : 4
X Students : YStudents 3 : 4
Again;
Average ScoreY Average ScoreZ
76 85
81
4 : 5
Y Students : Z Students 4 : 5
Now;
X Students : YStudents 3 : 4
X Students : YStudents : Z Students 3 : 4 : 5
Y Students : Z Students 4 : 5
83 3 76 4 85 5
Re quired Average 81.5
3 45

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All the best

The Alligation Rule

The Alligation Rule:

Ensure to subtract in the order in which it is shown here.

2. There are 65 students in a class. 39 rupees are distributed

3. A person travels 285 km in 6 hrs. In two stages. In the

4. In a Zoo, there are rabbits and pigeons. If heads are

5. The present population of a town is 5000. If the number

6. Weights of two friends Ram and Shyam are in the ratio of

7. A man spends 75% of his income. His income increases by

Saving:Expenditure 10-75%:75% 1:3

8. A man buys two horses for Rs.1350 and sells one so as to

9. A trader has 50 kg of rice, a part of which he sells at 10%

10. If goods are purchased for Rs.450 and 1/3rd be sold

Let CPSpirit Rs.1 / Liter

12. How many kg of salt at 42 paisa per kg must a man

13. A man bought two watches for Rs.1620. He sold one

14. A man bought two watches each for Rs.2000 and

15. A man bought two watches each for Rs.1620. He

16. A man sold two watches each for Rs.1620. He sold

17. A man sold two watches each for Rs.1620. He sold

18. A man sold two commodities each for the same

19. In what ratio must water be mixed with pure milk

20. How much water be mixed with 30 liters of pure

21. How much water be mixed with 30 liters of pure

22. In what ratio must an acid having 20% H2SO4 be

23. How much an acid having 20% H2SO4 be mixed with

24. Two containers A and B; contains the mixture of milk

25. Milk and water are mixed in a vessel A as 4:1 and in

26. In what ratio must an acid having 30% H2SO4 be

27. How much an acid having 30% H2SO4 be mixed with

28. In what ratio must an acid having 30% H2SO4 be

29. In certain mixture of milk and water; 40% is water.

30. In certain mixture of milk ad water; 40% is water.

31. In a certain quantity of mixture of two liquids A and

32. In a certain quantity of mixture of two liquids A and

33. In a certain quantity of syrup; 5 parts is honey while

Re duced Syrup Water Pure WaterAdded

34. A vessel of 80 liters is filled with milk and water. 70%

Water Re moved Milk Re moved

35. A vessel full of pure acid contains 10 liters of it. Out

Number of times the process Re peated

36. 8 liters are drawn from a cask full of wine and is

Number of times the process Re peated

37. Rs.1500 is invested in two such parts that if one part

38. The average of marks obtained by 120 candidates in

Average MarksPassed Average MarksFailed

39. In three classes X, Y and Z; an algebra test is

Average ScoreX Average ScoreY

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