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Pag 87
Disear a escalera mostrada en la figura
1.2 2 1.2
L1 L2 L3
DATOS:
contrapaso 17 cm
Paso 25 cm
fc 210 Kg/cm2
fy 4200 Kg/cm2
s/c 400 Kg/m2
Predimesionamiento:
Lmayor = L1 + L2 * L3 = 4.4
Peralte escalera: t = Lmayor /20
t= 0.22
redondeamos: t = 0.2
t= 20 cm
d = t - recubrimiento 17 cm
1er TRAMO:
PARTE INCLINADA
Peso del concreto: L * L * t * peso_concreto
Peso_concreto = 2.4 Tn/m3
aa= 1 * 1 * t * Peso_concreto 0.48 Tn
Hipotenusa = ( paso + contrapaso )^
Hipotenusa = 30
Cos = Paso / Hipotenusa = 0.83
file:///conversion/tmp/scratch/368649593.xlsx
Hoja1
Peso de losa: 0.48 Tn/m2
Peso de los pasos:
PP = ( contra_paso * paso ) /2 * 1m2 * Peso_concreto *Nro_paso_en_1mt
PP = 0.2 Tn/m2
ENTONCES Tenemos:
PARA EL DESCANSO
Peso descanso 0.48 Tn/m2
Peso Acabados: 0.12 Tn/m2
Peso Total Escalera: D = 0.6 Tn/m2
L = s/c 0.4 Tn/m2
Wu = 1.4 * D + 1.7 * L
Wu = 1.52 Tn/m2
2.04
1.52
2 1.2
R1
R1 3.2
4.488
0.912
5.4
1.69
Mx = 3.2 x
2.04 x
derivando "x"
Vx = d Mx / dx y tendremos:
3.2
2.04 x
x= 1.57 m
Mmax = Mu = 12.63 Tn-m 210
Ku = Mu / ( f'c b d ) 0.2081 17
Con valor de Ku, vamos a las tablas y determinamos ""
"" = 0.048
"" = p * fy / fc 0.02
p = fc * / fy 0.0024
As = p b d 4.08 cm2
file:///conversion/tmp/scratch/368649593.xlsx
Hoja1
espaciamiento "S"
as 1.27 cm2 Dimetro usado
S = as * 100cm / As 31 cm
Redondeando al entero menor
Espaciamiento @ 30 cm
b= 100 cm
As(-) = As(+) / 2 >= As temp
As temp = 0.0018 b h = 3.6
Usando = 0.71 cm2 = 3/8"
S = Usando / As temp 20 cm
SEGUNDO TRAMO:
file:///conversion/tmp/scratch/368649593.xlsx
Hoja1
1.2
0.15
1.2
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Hoja1
file:///conversion/tmp/scratch/368649593.xlsx
Hoja1
DISEO DE ESCALERA - Mohamed
DATOS:
ancho b = 1.5 m
fc 210 Kg/cm2
fy 4200 Kg/cm2
s/c 500 Kg/m2
p = paso: 25 cm
CP = contrapaso: 17.5 cm
Ac = acabado 100 Kg/m2
c = 2.4 Tn/m3
METRADO DE CARGAS:
Pp = hm * b * c 0.97 Tn/m
Acabado = Ac * b 0.15 Tn/m
Cm = Pp + Acabado = 1.12 Tn/m
Mmax(+) = Wu l / 8 =
Mu(+) = Wu l / 8 = 6.21 Tn-m
NOTA:
M diseo = 1/3 M(+) diseo, para Apoyo Monoltico poco Rgido
M diseo = 1/2 M(+) diseo, para Apoyo Monoltico Rgido
REFUERZO POSITIVO:
Detalle del Peralte efectivo ( d )
consideramos de acero de 1/2"
1/2" 1.27 cm
r = recubrimiento = 2 cm
d = t - ( r - /2 ) 12.37 cm
0.1237 m
file:///conversion/tmp/scratch/368649593.xlsx
Ejem2
Ku(+) = Mu(+) / ( b * d ) 27.06
Con el valor de Ku(+) vamos a la tabla y determinamos "p" cuanta
p = 0.0072
pb = cuanta balanceada mxima 0.0162
Si: p < 0.75 pb ; todo en orden
0.75 pb 0.0122
Bien!!!
As min = 0.0018 b t 4.05 cm2
As(+) = p b d 13.36 cm2
As(+) > AS min
para la Regla de Tres Simple:
As(+) = p b d 13.36 cm2
ancho b = 150 cm
es a:
1/2" 1.27 cm2
espaciamienot : S ?
S = b * / As(+) = 14.26 cm
S@ @ 14 cm
USAR: 1/2" @ 14 cm
REFUERZO NEGATIVO:
As min = 0.0018 b t 4.05 cm2
As(-) = As(+) / 3 4.45 cm2
As(-) > As min
Usar: As(-)
para la Regla de Tres Simple:
As(-) = As(+) / 3 4.45 cm2
ancho b = 150 cm
es a:
3/8" 0.71 cm2
espaciamienot : S ?
S = b * / As(-) 23.93 cm
@ 24 cm
USAR: 3/8" @ 24 cm
REFUERZO TRANSVERSAL
Ast = 0.0018 * 100 cm * t 2.7 cm2
para la Regla de Tres Simple:
Ast = 0.0018 * 100 cm * t 2.7 cm2
en 01 metro 100 cm
es a:
3/8" 0.71 cm2
espaciamienot : S ?
S = metro * / Ast 26.3 cm
@ 26 cm
USAR: 3/8" @ 26 cm
file:///conversion/tmp/scratch/368649593.xlsx
Ejem2
VERIFICACIN POR CORTE
0.1237
d
ln
3.7 m
Ra Rb
Ra = Rb = Wu * ln / 2 5.61
Vud = Wu * ln / 2 - Wu * d 5.23 Tn
0.74
ARMADO:
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Ejem2
9 / 28
b 3m
s/c 0.4 Tn/m2
fc 210 kg/cm2
fy 4200 kg/cm2
2.4 Tn / m3
PREDIMENSIONANMIENTO:
t = ln / 25, ln/20
p : paso 0.3 m
cp : contrapaso 0.16 m
p : paso 30 cm
cp : contrapaso 16 cm
ln 3.7 m
t = ln / 25 0.148
t = ln /20 0.185
USAR t = 0.17 m
USAR t = 17 cm
Cos = p / ( cp + p ) ^ 0.8824
hm = t / cos + cp / 2 27.27 cm
hm = 0.2727 m
Facto de Reglamento Wm
Wd 1.2
Wl 1.6
CARGAS:
pp = hm * b * *1.2 2.36 t/m
Acabado = 0.36 t/m
s/c 1.92 t/m
Wu2 4.64 t/m
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10 / 28
d = t - ( r + /2 )
= acero a usar = 1/2" 1.27 cm
r : recubrimiento 2 cm
d= 14.37 cm
a = As fy / ( 0.85 f'c b ) = 2 cm
As = M / ( fy ( d - a /2 ) 13.85 cm2
a = As fy / ( 0.85 f'c b ) 1.09 cm
As = M / ( fy ( d - a /2 ) 13.39 cm2
a = As fy / ( 0.85 f'c b ) 1.05 cm
As = M / ( fy ( d - a /2 ) 13.38 cm2
a = As fy / ( 0.85 f'c b ) 1.05 cm
espaciamiento:
10.5 Und
= acero a usar = 1/2" 11 Und
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As(-) de diseo: 7.76 cm2
Distribucin:
Usamos 3/8" Area 0.71 cm2
Numero de acero = As(-)dieseo / 10.93 Und
11 Und
Espaciamiento
Usamos 3/8" Dimetro 0.009525 m
Recubrimiento lateral = 0.04 m
Usamos 3/8" @ 0.27 m
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b 3m
s/c 0.4 Tn/m2
fc 210 kg/cm2
fy 4200 kg/cm2
2.4 Tn / m3
PREDIMENSIONANMIENTO:
t = ln / 25, ln/20
p : paso 0.3 m
cp : contrapaso 0.16 m
p : paso 30 cm
cp : contrapaso 16 cm
ln 5.2 m
t = ln / 25 0.208
t = ln /20 0.26
USAR t = 0.23 m
USAR t = 23 cm
Cos = p / ( cp + p ) ^ 0.8824
hm = t / cos + cp / 2 34.07 cm
hm = 0.3407 m
Facto de Reglamento Wm
Wd 1.5
Wl 1.8
CARGAS:
pp = hm * b * *1.2 3.68 t/m
Acabado = 0.45 t/m
s/c 2.16 t/m
Wu1 6.29 t/m
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As = M / ( fy ( d - a /2 ) 23.94 cm2
a = As fy / ( 0.85 f'c b ) 1.88 cm
As = M / ( fy ( d - a /2 ) 23.94 cm2
a = As fy / ( 0.85 f'c b ) 1.88 cm
espaciamiento:
18.9 Und
= acero a usar = 1/2" 19 Und
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Usamos: As(-)
As(-) de diseo: 11.97 cm2
Distribucin:
Usamos 3/8" Area 0.71 cm2
Numero de acero = As(-)dieseo / 16.86 Und
17 Und
Espaciamiento
Usamos 3/8" Dimetro 0.009525 m
Recubrimiento lateral = 0.04 m
Usamos 3/8" @ 0.17 m
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b 1.5 m
s/c 0.5 Tn/m2
fc 175 kg/cm2
fy 4200 kg/cm2
2.4 Tn / m3
PREDIMENSIONANMIENTO:
t = ln / 25, ln/20
p : paso 0.25 m
cp : contrapaso 0.175 m
p : paso 25 cm
cp : contrapaso 17.5 cm
ln 3.7 m
t = ln / 25 0.148
t = ln /20 0.185
USAR t = 0.1665 m
USAR t = 15 cm
Cos = p / ( cp + p ) ^ 0.8192
hm = t / cos + cp / 2 27.06 cm
hm = 0.2706 m
Facto de Reglamento Wm
Wd 1.5
Wl 1.8
CARGAS: Wd
pp = hm * b * *1.5 1.46 t/m 1.12666667
Acabado = 0.23 t/m WL
s/c 1.35 t/m 0.75
Wu2 3.04 t/m
PP 0.81 t/m
Wu1 = acabado + s/c + pp 2.39 t/m
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44a
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Vx = RB - Wu2 Xo = 0
Xo = 2.02 m +Mu max = 1/8*Wu L 6.23
(+)Mu diseo = 0.9 * Mu m 5.61
Mu(x) max = RB*Xo-Wu2*Xo^2 / 2
6.22 t-m
Mu(+) dis = Mu(+) max 4.69 t-m
DISEO
d = t - ( r + /2 )
= acero a usar = 1/2" 1.27 cm
r : recubrimiento 2 cm
d= 12.37 cm
a = As fy / ( 0.85 f'c b ) = 2 cm
As = M / ( fy ( d - a /2 ) 13.05 cm2
a = As fy / ( 0.85 f'c b ) 2.46 cm
As = M / ( fy ( d - a /2 ) 11.14 cm2
a = As fy / ( 0.85 f'c b ) 2.1 cm
As = M / ( fy ( d - a /2 ) 10.96 cm2
a = As fy / ( 0.85 f'c b ) 2.06 cm
espaciamiento:
8.6 Und
= acero a usar = 1/2" 9 Und
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44a
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Usamos 3/8" Area 0.71 cm2
Numero de acero = As(-)diseo / 5.14 Und
5 Und
Espaciamiento
Usamos 3/8" Dimetro 0.009525 m
Recubrimiento lateral = 0.04 m
Usamos 3/8" @ 0.29 m
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44a
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t-m
t-m
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44a
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Ejercicio 04
Disear por flexin el M(+)
b 1.2 m
s/c 0.4 Tn/m2
fc 210 kg/cm2
fy 4200 kg/cm2
2.4 Tn / m3
PREDIMENSIONANMIENTO:
t = ln / 25, ln/20
p : paso 0.3 m
cp : contrapaso 0.18 m
p : paso 30 cm
cp : contrapaso 18 cm
ln 4.4 m
t = ln / 25 0.176
t = ln /20 0.22
USAR t = 0.2 m
USAR t = 20 cm
Cos = p / ( cp + p ) ^ 0.8575
hm = t / cos + cp / 2 32.32 cm
hm = 0.3232 m
Facto de Reglamento Wm
Wd 1.5
Wl 1.8
CARGAS: Wd
pp = hm * b * *1.2 1.4 t/m 1.05333333
Acabado = 0.18 t/m WL
s/c 0.86 t/m 0.47777778
Wu2 2.44 t/m
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As = M / ( fy ( d - a /2 ) 7.46 cm2
a = As fy / ( 0.85 f'c b ) 1.46 cm
As = M / ( fy ( d - a /2 ) 7.46 cm2
a = As fy / ( 0.85 f'c b ) 1.46 cm
espaciamiento:
5.9 Und
= acero a usar = 1/2" 6 Und
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Usamos 3/8" Area 0.71 cm2
Numero de acero = As(-)diseo / 5.28 Und
5 Und
Espaciamiento
Usamos 3/8" Dimetro 0.009525 m
Recubrimiento lateral = 0.04 m
Usamos 3/8" @ 0.23 m
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t-m
t-m
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Ejercicio 05
Disear por flexin el M(+)
b 1m
s/c 0.4 Tn/m2
fc 175 kg/cm2
fy 4200 kg/cm2
2.4 Tn / m3
Vx = RB - Wu2 Xo = 0
Xo = 2.14 m +Mu max = 1/8*Wu L 3.72
(+)Mu diseo = 0.9 * Mu m 3.35
Mu(x) max = RB*Xo-Wu2*Xo^2 / 2
= 0.80 3.25 t-m
Mu(+) dis = Mu(+) max 2.6 t-m
DISEO
d = t - ( r + /2 )
= acero a usar = 1/2" 1.27 cm
r : recubrimiento 2 cm
d= 9.37 cm
a = As fy / ( 0.85 f'c b ) = 2 cm
As = M / ( fy ( d - a /2 ) 8.22 cm2
a = As fy / ( 0.85 f'c b ) 2.32 cm
As = M / ( fy ( d - a /2 ) 8.38 cm2
a = As fy / ( 0.85 f'c b ) 2.37 cm
As = M / ( fy ( d - a /2 ) 8.4 cm2
a = As fy / ( 0.85 f'c b ) 2.37 cm
espaciamiento:
6.6 Und
= acero a usar = 1/2" 7 Und
0.25 m
0.17 m
25 cm
17 cm
4.7 m
0.188
0.235
0.212 m
20 cm
0.8269
24.19
32.69 cm
0.3269 m
1.2
1.6
Wd
0.94 t/m 0.88333333
0.12 t/m WL
0.64 t/m 0.4
1.7 t/m
0.58 t/m
1.34 t/m
0.25 0.125
1.5 1.5
1.75 1.75
1.2 1.2
0.25 0.125
4.95 4.7
1.875
3.375
3.77 t
4.18 t-m
3.34 t-m
1.27 cm
2 cm
17.37 cm
2 cm
5.4 cm2
1.52 cm
5.32 cm2
1.5 cm
5.32 cm2
1.5 cm
4.2 Und
4 Und
30.24 cm
2.66 cm2
3.13 cm2
0.71 cm2
4.41 Und
4 Und
0.009525 m
0.04 m
0.24 m
3.6 cm2 / m
0.71 cm2
0.2 m
Usar en 2 capas @ 0.20 m
3.7 t
0.83
3.07 t
12.18
Vn < Vc CONFORME
Conforme !!!
0.88333333
1.28333333 T 0.4
3.02 T
0.76 Kg/cm2
1.2 Kg/cm2
Si: 1 < t, Aprobado!