GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICALUNIVERSITY

Chandkheda, Ahmedabad

ITM UNIVERSE VADODARA

A
Project Report
On
ENERGY PRODUCE BY
PERPETUAL MOTION
Under subject of
DESIGN ENGINEERING - I
B.E.Semester III
Mechanical Branch

Submitted By

SR NO. NAME OF STUDENT ENOLL.NO.

1 Bhoi divyesh 160953119502
2 Gaurav jangid 160953119510
3 khasor jayesh 160953119512
4 patel vivek 160953119528
5 Suman robbin 160953119545

Faculty Guide
Mr. DIP SHAH

Head of the Department

Mr. MINESH PATEL

Academic Year: (2016-2017)

 ITM UNIVERSE VADODARA

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the dissertation entitled, ENERGY PRODUCE BY

PREPETUAL MOTION, Submitted by, Patel vivek, bhoi divyesh,
khasor jayesh, gaurav jangid, suman robbin in ITM fulfilment for the
award of degree of DEGREE Engineering in MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING to the Gujarat Technological University , is the record of the
work carried out by him under my supervision and guidance. The matter
presented here, to the best of my knowledge, has not been submitted earlier
for the award of any other degree or diploma.

Guided by:-
Mr. DIP SHAH
(Faculty),
Mechanical Engg. Dept.

Head Of Department
Mr. MINESH PATEL
Mechanical Engg. Dept.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We owe a great thanks to many people who helped and supported us during
the completion of our project and writing of this thesis. Our deepest thanks
to, Mr. DIP SHAH, Guide of our project for guiding and correcting various
documents of ours with attention and care. They have taken pain to go
through the project and make necessary correction as and when needed.

We express our thanks to the Prof. MINESH PATEL,Head of Mechanical

department, ITM UNIVERSE, VADODARA, for extending his support.

We also thank all the staff members of our college for their help in making
this project a successful one.

Finally, we take this opportunity to extend our deep appreciation to our

family and friends, for all they meant to us during the crucial times of the
completion of our project.
 ABSTRACT

Is it possible to produce devices which produce energy? Such a machine is

called a perpetual motion machine or with its latin name perpetuum
mobile..A machine which implements a force field which is not a gradient
field is called a perpetuum mobile or perpetual motion machine.
Mathematically, it allows that some closed loops have a non-vanishing line
integral. By possibly changing the direction of the motion, the energy
difference can always be turned to be positive. The first law of
thermodynamics forbids the existence of such a machine. It is informative
to study some of the ideas people have come up in history (and today!) and
to see why they dont work. Also the drawings of Escher suggest - using
graphical tricks - that perpetual motion should exist.
INDEX

SR.NO. NAME OF chapter PAGE

NO.
1. INTRODUCTION 2.
2. WORKING ON CANVAS 37
1. AEIOU
2. MIND MAPPING
3. EMPATHY
4. IDEATION
5. PRODUCT
DEVELOPMENT
6. LEARNING NEEDS MATRIX

3 REVERSE ENGINEERING

4 PRIOR ART SEARCH

5 CONCLUSION

5
 INTRODUCTION

DOMAIN:

We had chosen the PERPETUL MOTION MACHINE as Domain.

PROJECT:

We had chosen ENERGY PRODUCE BY PERPETUAL MOTION as our project because

sometimes the problem may occur that normal cnc machines are much heavy and its verry hard
to move. In that case we can use this machine we reduce the size of cnc machine so we easily
operate the machine and easy to move. The small job loading time and operations are easily
perform on machine ane it consume low time ans space.

What is Design Engineering?

ENGINEERING DESIGN IS A SUBJECT THAT TEACHES STUDENTS THE SALIENT

PROCESSES TO GO THROUGH STUDENTS WHEN DESIGNING A PRODUCT. THIS IS
POSSIBLE ONLY WHEN THERE IS A SPECIAL EMOTIONAL ATTACHMENT FROM
THE ENGINEER TO THE CUSTOMERS WISHES, WHICH GIVES RISE TO A SET
THREE IMPORTANT PROCEDURES TO UNDERTAKE EVERY TIME THERE IS NEED
TO DESIGN A CUSTOMERS PRODUCT.

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 AEIOUS CANVAS:

We think that the best way to convince a client about the value of design is to first understand
what is need and application. This is where we use an empathy map.

This exercise allows us to better analyses the desires and needs of clients and in the process
uncovers previously unseen or unnoticed ways to improve a product or service. Its a very
simplistic way to identify and reduce potential hurdles and in the process, we are better able to
satisfy their needs. Our Domain is Engineer which is selected by my group, in this we observe all
activity, user of this and find some problem which is related to saving energy in any area.

The AEIOU canvas in which we find and observe all things related to our domain. After long
survey we collect basic information like activity, environment, interactions, objects, users which
are related to our domain and by this collected information we make AEIOU canvas.

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Activities:
Eating food
Playing games
Listening songs
Assembly
Searching on internet
cleaining
watching movies

Environment:
Noisy
Dusty
Hot Atmosphere
Musical Atmosphere

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Interaction:
Between 2 friends
Beggar and people
Between 2 unknown person
Talking on mobile phones

Objects:
Mobile
Watch
Wall clock
Magnet
Television

Users:
Parents
Father
Mother
Children
Students
General people
Trainer

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 MIND MAPPING CANVAS

If youre tired of constantly getting lost in the thicket of ideas, half-concepts and free-floating
words that emerge from your observations or brainstorming sessions, then you should think
about using a Mind Mapping tool.

Mind mapping is a great way to brainstorm, make a plan, or turn ideas into the steps
needed to make it real.

Mind Mapping is a technique of visual representation to show relationship between
various ideas, concepts or other information

It helps in project planning, collecting and organizing data, brainstorming and
presentation.

To help solve problems, find resources and uncover new ideas.

A mind map is a visual representation of hierarchical information that includes a central

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idea surrounded by connected branches of associated topics

1. All mind maps begin with a main concept or idea to which rest of the map revolves
around, so choosing that idea or topic is the first step. Begin by creating an image or
writing a word which represents that first main idea.

2. From that main idea, create branches (as many as needed), that each represent a single
word that relates to the main topic. Its helpful to use different colors and images to
differentiate the branches and sub-topics.

Then, create sub-branches that stem from the main branches to further expand on ideas
and concepts. These sub-branches will also contain words that elaborate on the topic of the
branch it stems from. This helps develop and elaborate on the overall theme of the mind map.
Including images and sketches can also be helpful in brainstorming sub-branch topics

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EMPATHY CANVAS

12
 Empathy Mapping Canvas:

This canvas consist of the ideology behind the user, so in this canvas some brief ideas are
express which are express in canvas - 1 . People section consist of persons related to user
technically and similar persons may related to user. Then we divided activities in social &
technical and try to find out the importance of each activity and situations & location regarding.

The ideation canvas consists of people, activities, situation, context or location related to the
direction of design thinking procedure.

Finally it consists of the proposals and solutions to the problems which are aroused because of
the topic we have chosen.
We use four building blocks when preparing an empathy map canvas, namely:

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 Users
Stakeholders
Activities
Storyboarding
Happy Story
Sad Story
Users:

In this stage, we find the various users which are directly or indirectly related to our project. This
canvas actually helps in interlinking with user not only technical but also emotionally.
By looking on a wide concept Every person on Earth have a Problem so obviously a
Problem Statement should be extracted from any person and this must not be hard enough.
But an Emotional attachment is required, because when a student is emotionally attach to a user
a perfect problem which must be attend can be found out.
SELECTED
Students
General public
Children

STAKEHOLDERS:
Then we define Stakeholders in which all the people (related or not related technically or
non-technically emotionally or unemotionally) to user.

Stakeholders mean a person or organization with an interest. In this stage, we find the
user who will directly or indirectly related to users.

ACTIVITIES:

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Activities are directly or indirectly related to stakeholders.
Eating food
Listening song
Watching movies
Searching for projects on internet
Playing games
Cleaning

STORY BOARDING:

HAPPY:-

There was a function in village near by Rajkot.all the people in fuction are
enjoying it.but due to certain circumstance light get off and music get stop.but
due to this project they were prepared as they are studying the energy storing
device.as soon as lights gets off they started device and so all the people in the
function become happy as the music and lights get on.

SAD: -

When the power supplied to the street lights by perpetual motion.one day due to
some circumstance the problem has occurred in trans ferring the power,so due to
this accident was occurred between the care & the bike & the heavy injured was
caused.

IDEATION CANVAS:

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People:-

General
Vip public
Forgein

ACTIVITIES:-

Listening song
Playing games
Eating food
Searching for project on internet
Watching movies
cleaning

SITUATION/CONTEXT/LOCATION:
Now by comparing props & situation the idea of product design can be known from high too
low to relevant to irrelevant technology.
Domestic level
Industrial level


PROPS:-
Here we including many props and that is given below:
Portability
Specialization

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17
 PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CANVAS

PURPOSE:
Energy produce

PEOPLE:
General public
Forgien
Vip public

PRODUCT EXPERIENCE:
Save energy
Eco friendly
Simple construct and design

PRODUCT FUNCTION:
Energy produce by perpetual motion

PRODUCT FEATURES:
Convert magnetic field into energy

CUSTOMER REVALIDATION:
Safety precuation
Others

COMPONENTS:
Metal
Magnet
Wires
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 Manual handle
Base stand

REJECT REDESIGN RETAIN:

Govt approval
Expensive

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 LEARNING NEED MATRIX

Learning Needs Matrix will help students to identify the learning requirements at an early stage
along with prioritization of specific learning along with defined time duration/ time allocation
for each learning priority.

Identification will be focused on listing out both

(i) the learning, which is included in some subject of the formal syllabus of your branch and
(ii) the learning, which is required for solving the Design problem and which may not be
included in the formal syllabi of the other subjects.

All such learning, required for developing the product, should be considered to be required to
be studied for the group of students, who are working on the product. It may include learning
of specific skills

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 REVERSE ENGINEERING

COMPONENTS

MAGNET
WIRES
BASE
POLE
EXTRA ATTACHEMENTS
METAL BLADE

TOOLS
CURVATURES
FABRICATION
DRILLING M/C
FOUNDATION
NUT AND BOLTS

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 PRIOR ART SEARCH
There is a scientific consensus that perpetual motion in an isolated system violates either
the first law of thermodynamics, the second law of thermodynamics, or both. The first law of
thermodynamics is a version of the law of conservation of energy. The second law can be
phrased in several different ways, the most intuitive of which is that heat flows spontaneously
from hotter to colder places; relevant here is that the law observes that in every macroscopic
process, there is friction or something close to it; another statement is that no heat engine (an
engine which produces work while moving heat from a high temperature to a low temperature)
can be more efficient than a Carnot heat engine.

In other words:

1. In any isolated system, one cannot create new energy (law of conservation of energy)
2. The output work power of heat engines is always smaller than the input heating power.
The rest of the heat energy supplied is wasted as heat to the ambient surroundings. The
efficiency (this is the produced work power divided by the input heating power) has a
maximum, given by the Carnot efficiency. It is always lower than one.
3. The efficiency of real heat engines is even lower than the Carnot efficiency due
to irreversibility arising from the speed of processes, including friction.
Statements 2 and 3 apply to heat engines. Other types of engines which convert e.g. mechanical
into electromagnetic energy, cannot operate with 100% efficiency, because it is impossible to
design any system that is free of energy dissipation.
Machines which comply with both laws of thermodynamics by accessing energy from
unconventional sources are sometimes referred to as perpetual motion machines, although they
do not meet the standard criteria for the name. By way of example, clocks and other low-power
machines, such as Cox's timepiece, have been designed to run on the differences in barometric
pressure or temperature between night and day. These machines have a source of energy, albeit
one which is not readily apparent so that they only seem to violate the laws of thermodynamics.
Even machines which extract energy from long-lived sources - such as ocean currents - will run
down when their energy sources inevitably do. They are not perpetual motion machines because
they are consuming energy from an external source and are not isolated systems.

Pre-19th century
There are some unsourced claims that a perpetual motion machine called the "magic wheel" (a
wheel spinning on its axle powered by lodestones) appeared in 8th-century Bavaria. This
historical claim appears to be unsubstantiated though often repeated.
Early designs of perpetual motion machines were done by Indian mathematician
astronomer Bhaskara II, who described a wheel (Bhskara's wheel) that he claimed would run
forever.[2]

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A drawing of a perpetual motion machine appeared in the sketchbook of Villard de Honnecourt,
a 13th-century French master mason and architect. The sketchbook was concerned
with mechanics and architecture. Following the example of Villard, Peter of Maricourt designed
a magnetic globe which, if it were mounted without friction parallel to the celestial axis, would
rotate once a day. It was intended to serve as an automatic armillary sphere.
Leonardo da Vinci made a number of drawings of devices he hoped would make free energy.
Leonardo da Vinci was generally against such devices, but drew and examined numerous
overbalanced wheels.
Mark Anthony Zimara, a 16th-century Italian scholar, proposed a self-blowing windmill.
Various scholars in this period investigated the topic. In 1607 Cornelius Drebbel in "Wonder-
vondt van de eeuwighe bewegingh" dedicated a Perpetuum motion machine to James I of
England.[6] It was described by Heinrich Hiesserle von Chodaw in 1621.[7] Robert Boyle devised
the "perpetual vase" ("perpetual goblet" or "hydrostatic paradox") which was discussed by Denis
Papin in the Philosophical Transactions for 1685.[8] Johann Bernoulli proposed a fluid energy
machine. In 1686, Georg Andreas Bckler, designed a "self operating" self-powered water
mill and several perpetual motion machines using balls using variants of Archimedes' screws. In
1712, Johann Bessler (Orffyreus), investigated 300 different perpetual motion models and
claimed he had the secret of perpetual motion.[citation needed]
In the 1760s, James Cox and John Joseph Merlin developed Cox's timepiece.[9] Cox claimed that
the timepiece was a true perpetual motion machine, but as the device is powered by changes
in atmospheric pressure via a mercury barometer, this is not the case.
In 1775, the Royal Academy of Sciences in Paris made the statement that the Academy "will no
longer accept or deal with proposals concerning perpetual motion."

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Magnetic field of permanent magnets
The magnetic field of permanent magnets can be quite complicated, especially near the magnet.
The magnetic field of a small[nb 8]straight magnet is proportional to the magnet's strength (called
its magnetic dipole moment m). The equations are non-trivial and also depend on the distance
from the magnet and the orientation of the magnet. For simple magnets, m points in the direction
of a line drawn from the south to the north pole of the magnet. Flipping a bar magnet is
equivalent to rotating its m by 180 degrees.
The magnetic field of larger magnets can be obtained by modelling them as a collection of a
large number of small magnets called dipoles each having their own m. The magnetic field
produced by the magnet then is the net magnetic field of these dipoles. And, any net force on the
magnet is a result of adding up the forces on the individual dipoles.
There are two competing models for the nature of these dipoles. These two models produce two
different magnetic fields, H and B. Outside a material, though, the two are identical (to a

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multiplicative constant) so that in many cases the distinction can be ignored. This is particularly
true for magnetic fields, such as those due to electric currents, that are not generated by magnetic
materials.

Magnetic pole model and the H-field

The magnetic pole model: two opposing poles, North (+) and South (), separated by a distance
d produce an H-field (lines).
It is sometimes useful to model the force and torques between two magnets as due to magnetic
poles repelling or attracting each other in the same manner as the Coulomb force between
electric charges. This is called the Gilbert model of magnetism, after William Gilbert. In this
model, a magnetic H-field is produced by magnetic charges that are 'smeared' around each pole.
These magnetic charges are in fact related to the magnetization field M.
The H-field, therefore, is analogous to the electric field E, which starts at a positive electric
charge and ends at a negative electric charge. Near the north pole, therefore, all H-field lines
point away from the north pole (whether inside the magnet or out) while near the south pole
(whether inside the magnet or out) all H-field lines point toward the south pole. A north pole,
then, feels a force in the direction of the H-field while the force on the south pole is opposite to
the H-field.
In the magnetic pole model, the elementary magnetic dipole m is formed by two opposite
magnetic poles of pole strength qm separated by a small distance vector d, such that m = qmd.
The magnetic pole model predicts correctly the field H both inside and outside magnetic
materials, in particular the fact that H is opposite to the magnetization field M inside a
permanent magnet.
Since it is based on the fictitious idea of a magnetic charge density, the Gilbert model has
limitations. Magnetic poles cannot exist apart from each other as electric charges can, but always
come in north/south pairs. If a magnetized object is divided in half, a new pole appears on the
surface of each piece, so each has a pair of complementary poles. The magnetic pole model does
not account for magnetism that is produced by electric currents.

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Force between magnets
The force between two small magnets is quite complicated and depends on the strength and
orientation of both magnets and the distance and direction of the magnets relative to each other.
The force is particularly sensitive to rotations of the magnets due to magnetic torque. The force
on each magnet depends on its magnetic moment and the magnetic field[nb 12] of the other.
To understand the force between magnets, it is useful to examine the magnetic pole model given
above. In this model, the H-field of one magnet pushes and pulls on both poles of a second
magnet. If this H-field is the same at both poles of the second magnet then there is no net force
on that magnet since the force is opposite for opposite poles. If, however, the magnetic field of
the first magnet is nonuniform (such as the H near one of its poles), each pole of the second
magnet sees a different field and is subject to a different force. This difference in the two forces
moves the magnet in the direction of increasing magnetic field and may also cause a net torque.
This is a specific example of a general rule that magnets are attracted (or repulsed depending on
the orientation of the magnet) into regions of higher magnetic field. Any non-uniform magnetic
field, whether caused by permanent magnets or electric currents, exerts a force on a small
magnet in this way.
The details of the Amperian loop model are different and more complicated but yield the same
result: that magnetic dipoles are attracted/repelled into regions of higher magnetic field.
Mathematically, the force on a small magnet having a magnetic moment m due to a magnetic
field B is:[20]

where the gradient is the change of the quantity m B per unit distance and the direction is that
of maximum increase of m B. To understand this equation, note that the dot
product m B = mBcos(), where m and B represent the magnitude of the m and B vectors
and is the angle between them. If m is in the same direction as B then the dot product is
positive and the gradient points 'uphill' pulling the magnet into regions of higher B-field (more
strictly larger m B). This equation is strictly only valid for magnets of zero size, but is often a
good approximation for not too large magnets. The magnetic force on larger magnets is
determined by dividing them into smaller regions each having their own m then summing up the
forces on each of these very small regions.

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CONCLUSION:

There is huge change in our thinking of a problem after our work in this semester.
Designing really helped us to find a way to concentrate on the actual requirement of the
project.
Engineering is after all about helping people through technological solutions, making
processes simpler and less cumbersome. But what are the real needs of people that has to
be known first , which we achieved by creating all the sheets and having one-on-one
communications with the users related our project.
The most interesting part of this venture was the Story Boards in one of the sheets,
which can be called the board of emotions. It helped us understand that when we build
anything for anyone, the purpose and emotion behind that are equally important. So
many stories were striking to our minds and we drafted the symbolic represent for which
we thought.
It was a great experience to know other people and the team mates during the work of
sheets.
Here , we conclude the report on our project Safety of people &Vehicles using HD
Resolution Camera & Digital sensors

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