UNIT-I

1. a) Define an antenna and list out its important features

b) Classify antennas and explain about their functions and applications
2. a) Derive the expression of Friis transmission equation and radar range equation
b) Discuss in detail about the following antenna parameters
(i) Polarization (ii) Beam efficiency and (iii) Radiation Intensity
3 a) Derive Friss transmission formula and explain its importance
b) Define Radiation resistance, polarization, antenna impedance and aperture area
4. a) Obtain the relationship between directivity and effective aperture
b) Define radiation intensity. If the radiation intensity U=A0Cos, determine directivity
5 a) Derive an expression for gain of an antenna in terms of its wavelength and aperture
b) The radiation intensity of major lobe of many antennas can be adequately represented by

Find the directivity

6. a) Derive radar range equation and explain its importance
b) Define the terms Radiation intensity, Beam width, bandwidth and beam efficiency

UNIT-II

1. a) State and explain about the Reciprocity and Reaction theories

b) What do you understand by the term Radiation integrals and auxiliary potential
functions
2. a) Mathematically illustrate the concepts involved in the vector Potential A for an Electric
Current source J
b) Explain about Far-Field Radiation
3. a) Derive the expression for the power radiated by an alternating current element and hence its
radiation resistance
b) Explain Duality theorem with examples
4. a) Derive electric fields and magnetic fields due to magnetic current source M
b) Derive the wave equation in terms of magnetic potential from Maxwells equations
5. a) Obtain the relations between the potentials and their sources
b) Derive reciprocity theorem of an antenna. Show that the transmitting and receiving
radiation patterns of an antenna are equal
6. a) Derive the far-field pattern radiation due to current source J
b) What are retarded potentials? Explain its significance.
UNIT-III
1. a) Compare the short Dipole and Monopole 6
b) List out the Salient features of Wire Antennas 6

UNIT-IV
1. a) Discuss in detail about N Element array
b) Explain in detail about Schelkunoff Polynomial method
2. a) In a linear array of 4 isotropic elements spaced /2 apart and with equal currents fed in
phase, plot the radiation pattern in polar coordinates.
b) Derive the Fourier Transform method of synthesis of array
3. a) Derive the expression for the array factor of a linear broadside array of n elements
b) Derive the expressions of null-null beam width of a uniform linear array
4 a) Derive an expression for a broadside array
b) Calculate the beam width of main lobe of a broadside array
5. a) Describe wood ward Lawson method to find out amplitude distribution for a specified
radiation pattern
b) A uniform linear array is required to produce an end-fire beam when it is operated at a
frequency of 10GHz. It contains 50 radians and are spaced at 0.5. Find the progressive
phase shift required to produce the end-fire beam. Find the array length 6

UNIT-V
9. a) What do you understand by Tropophenic Scatter.
b) List out the electrical properties the ionosphere.
10. a) Explain how does radio wave propagate through ionosphere and explain its effect on the
Signal characteristics
b) Discuss in detail about Ground wave propagation
9. a) Derive expression for the field strength, due to space wave propagation at a point away
from the transmitter 6
b) Explain salient features of Sommer fields theory
10. a) Explain the terms wave tilt, virtual height, MUF, Skip distance and critical frequency
11 a) what is an atmospheric Duct? When and why does it occur?
b) Explain the structure of atmosphere. Compute the effective dielectric constant of the E
Layer with N=5x105 electrons/sec, if the frequency of the wave is 25MHz
10. a) Write short notes on:
i) Duct Propagation ii) Space wave Propagation 6
b) Derive an expression for effective dielectric constant and critical frequency of an
Ionosphere layer.