Chapter 12: Stoichiometry

Chapter 12.1 What is Stoichiometry?

Definitions
Stoichiometry: the branch of chemistry that deals with the relatic quantities of
_______________ and _______________ in ________________ ______________

Law of Conservation of Mass: the mass of the _______________ must equal the
mass of the _______________.

Interpreting Chemical Equations

Iron + Oxygen Gas Iron (III) Oxide
Chemical formula:

Moles
Mass (g)

Practice Problem #1, page 356

Mole Ratios
A mole ratio is a ratio between the number of moles of any two substances in a
balanced equation.

eg. The six mole ratios from 2KClO3(s) 2KCl(s) + 3O2 are:

Practice Problems #2 & 3, page 357

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 Chapter 12.2 Stoichiometric Calculations
Stoichiometric Mole-to-Mole Conversion
Used to calculate the number of moles produced in a substance when given the
number of moles in a reactant.

1. Write the _______________ _______________ _______________.

eg.

2. Identify the substance you _______________ and the substance you are
looking for.
eg.

3. Write the _______________ _______________for the two substances

in step #2
eg.

4. Use the formula below to calculate the moles of the unknown

Moles of unknown =

eg.

Practice Problems #9 & 10, page 359

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Stoichiometric Mole-to-Mass Conversion
Used to calculate the mass of a product when given the number of moles in a
reactant.
1. Write the _______________ _______________ _______________.
eg.

2. Identify the substance you know and the substance you are looking for
eg.

3. Write the _______________ _______________for the two substances in

step #2 and use it to calculate the number of _______________.
eg.

4. Convert the number of moles into _______________.

eg.

Practice Problems #11 & 12, page 360

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Stoichiometric Mass-to-Mass Conversion
Used to calculate the mass of a product when given the mass of a reactant.

1. Write the _______________ _______________ _______________.

eg.

2. Convert the _______________ of the reactant given to _______________.

eg.

3. Use the _______________ to relate _______________ of reactant to moles

of the _______________.
eg.

4. Use the _______________ _______________ to convert moles of the

product to _______________ of the product.
eg.

ex 2: How many grams of carbon dioxide will be produced when 1.204 x 1024
molecules of methane (CH4) are burned? (Water is also produced)

Practice Problems #13 & 14, page 362

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 Chapter 12.3 Limiting Reactants
Definitions
Limiting Reactant: the substance that is completely _______________ in a
chemical reaction. It determines the amount of _______________.

Excess Reactants: the reactants that are _______________ after a chemical

reaction has taken place.

Calculating Products from Limiting Reactants

You will be given both masses
1. Write the balanced chemical equation.
eg.

2. Determine the limiting reactant (calculate moles for reactants). Use the
moles calculated and the number of moles needed in the formula to
determine which is the limiting reactant.
eg.

3. To determine the amount of product, multiply the number of moles by the

ratio that relates the limiting reactant to the product.
eg.

4. You can then convert the moles of the product into grams
eg.

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 5. You can do similar steps to calculate the grams of the excess reactant used.
eg.

eg 2. What mass of water will be produced when 25g of ethane and 25g of
oxygen gas react?

Practice Problems #20 & 21, page 368

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 Chapter 12.4 Percent Yield
Definitions
Theoretical Yield: the _______________ amount of a product that can be
produced from a given amount of a reactant. The theoretical yield is
_______________ _______________ _______________.

Actual Yield: the amount of product _______________ produced in a chemical

reaction

Percent Yield: the ratio of the _______________ yield to the _______________

yield, expressed as a percent.

Calculating Percent Yield

1. Calculate the _______________ _______________ (this is what you were
doing is section 12.3).
2. The _______________ yield will be given to you.
3. Use the following equation to calculate the percent yield of the product:

Percent Yield =

eg. When 80 g of methane (CH4) completely combusts, what mass of

carbon dioxide should be produced?

This reaction is run to completion; the carbon dioxide is collected. The

mass of the carbon dioxide is found to be 180 g. What is the percent
yield?

Practice Problems: #27-29, page 372

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Assessment Questions
Section 12.1: #7b, page 357
Section 12.2: #18, page 363
Section 12.3: #22, 25a, 26, page 369
Section 12.4: #86
#58 & 62, page 337; #139, page 348; #149, page 349