Chapter 2

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

This chapter presents the review of related literature and studies underlying the

framework of the study. It includes the conceptual model of the study and the operational

definition of terms.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Computer Reservation System (CRS)

A computer reservation system or central reservation system (CRS) is a

computerized system used to store and retrieve information and conduct transactions

related to air travel, hotels, car rental, or other activities. Originally designed and operated

by airlines, CRSs were later extended for the use of travel agencies. Global distribution

systems (GDS) book and sell tickets for multiple airlines. Most airlines have outsourced

their CRSs to GDS companies, which also enable consumer access through Internet

gateways. Modern GDS's typically allow users to book hotel rooms, rental cars, airline

tickets as well as other activities and tours. They also provide access to railway

reservations and bus reservations in some markets, although these are not always

integrated with the main system.

User Programming Interface

For Backend

PHP

PHP is a server-side scripting language designed primarily for web development

but also used as a general-purpose programming language. Originally stood for Personal

Home Page, but it now stands for the recursive acronym PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor.

It may be embedded into HTML or HTML5 markup, or it can be used in combination with

various web template systems, web content management systems and web frameworks.

Java Script

Often abbreviated as JS, is a high-level, dynamic, weakly typed, object-based,

multi-paradigm, and interpreted programming language. Alongside HTML and CSS,

JavaScript is one of the three core technologies of World Wide Web content production.

It is used to make webpages interactive and provide online programs, including video

games.

MySQL

MySQL is an open source relational database management system (RDBMS)

based on Structured Query Language (SQL). As the relational database management

system and PHP as the object-oriented scripting language. It is based on the structure

query language (SQL), which is used for adding, removing, and modifying information in

the database.
For Frontend

Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML 5)

HTML5 is a markup language used for structuring and presenting content on the

World Wide Web. It is the fifth and current version of the HTML standard. Includes detailed

processing models to encourage more interoperable implementations; it extends,

improves and rationalizes the markup available for documents, and introduces markup

and application programming interfaces (APIs) for complex web applications.

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the

presentation of a document written in a markup language. CSS is designed primarily to

enable the separation of presentation and content, including aspects such as the layout,

colors, and fonts. This separation can improve content accessibility, provide more

flexibility and control in the specification of presentation characteristics, enable multiple

HTML pages to share formatting by specifying the relevant CSS in a separate .css file,

and reduce complexity and repetition in the structural content.

Adobe Photoshop

Wikepidia.com stated Adobe Photoshop is a raster graphics editor developed and

published by Adobe Systems for macOS and Windows. Photoshop is an image editing

software developed and manufactured by Adobe Systems Inc. Photoshop is considered

one of the leaders in photo editing software. The software allows users to manipulate,

crop, resize, and correct color on digital photos.

 CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF THE STUDY

On the basis of the foregoing concepts, theories and findings or related literature,

studies and Insights taken from them, a conceptual model was developed. The

conceptual model as illustrated in Figure 1 shows the different stages of the processes

involved in order to achieve the objective of the study.

Input Process Output

Knowledge Requirements
a) Programming Language
b) Gathering Information
Analysis E-TICKET
c) Application Software
d) Database Management SYSTEM FOR
Design
(DBMS) ONLINE
e) Prototyping THEATHER
f) Computer Operation Development HALL
g) Movie and Seats Records
h) Designing Testing
i) Business Process

Software Requirements
a) Web browser: Mozilla
Firefox 17.0 above , I.E 9
above
b) Microsoft XP, 7, 8, 10
Evaluation
Operating System

Hardware Requirements
a) Intel Pentium Processor
and equivalent
b) 572 MB Random Access
Memory
c) 200 MB of free space on
Hard Disk
d) Input / Output devices like
Display Screen , Mouse
and Keyboard

Figure 1. Conceptual Model of E-Ticketing System for

Online Theater Hall
 Knowledge Requirements - This includes the knowledge of the researchers in

programming language that were used in development of the system; Knowledge in

computer operation is also needed.

Software Requirements These are the computer programs that are going to be

used in the system.

Hardware Requirements For the minimum requirements for the system, it must

be have a
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS
To better understand the conducted study, the following terms are operationally

defined.

---- Kulang pa to yung iba pang definition pa dag-dag----

E-Ticket System for online Theater Hall is

Administrator is a person who is responsible for the upkeep, configuration, and

reliable operation of computer systems; especially multi-user computers, such as servers.

Data is a collection of objects units that are from one another.

Database is a collection of information that is organized so that it can easily be

accessed, managed, and updated. In one view, databases can be classified according to

types of content: bibliographic, full-text, numeric, and images.

Encryption The process of encoding messages or information in such a way that

only authorized parties can read it. Encryption does not of itself prevent

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is a flat panel display, electronic visual display, or video

display that uses the light modulating properties of liquid. Liquid crystals do not emit light directly.

LCDs are available to display arbitrary images or fixed images which can be displayed or hidden,

such as preset words, digits, and 7-segment displays as in a digital clock.

Maintainability is the ease with which something can be maintained.

MS Access Microsoft Access is used to create simple, complex database

solutions. It can be used both by novices and professional developers. However,

Microsoft Access may be used only as the front-end using another product for the back-
end tables, such as Microsoft SQL Server and non-Microsoft products such as Oracle

and Sybase.

Record A record is a collection of data items arranged for processing by

a program. Multiple records are contained in a file or data set. Typically, records can be

of fixed-length or be of variable length with the length information contained within the

record.

Staff a group of people who work for an organization, often for a special

purpose, or who work for a manager within an organization.

Students A person who is studying at a school or college

---- Kulang pa to yung iba pang definition ----

Evaluation Instrument
The development of the project has undergone statistical treatment to determine

or guarantee the quality and feasibility of the software based on accurate data by having

the right sources and methods of collecting data.

The criteria or indicators used by the researchers were the following:

a) Functionality performance and compatibility of the system to different computers;

b) Usability user-friendly and understandability;

c) Efficiency modification of data, displays accurate information and level performance

of the system;

d) Reliability the speed of the system on different compatibility of hardware

requirements;

e) Maintainability ease of maintenance, provision for diagnostic tools and procedures,

and provision for enhancements and modifications.

Treatment of Data

A five-point scale was used to evaluate the Digital ID System, thus, the Likerts

Principle. Each criterion was rated in scale of 1-5, where 5 are highly acceptable and 1 is

not acceptable. The data were gathered and computed to determine the Mean and

Overall Mean, and was used for the interpretation of the results.

Formula for Mean:

_
X= f x/n Where X = mean
f= frequency
n= total frequency
x= score

The following descriptive rating scale was use to evaluate the E-Ticket System for Theater

Hall.

Table 1. Likerts Scale

Ranges Verbal Interpretation

4.51-5.00 Excellent

3.51-4.50 Very Good

2.51-3.50 Good

1.51-2.50 Fair

1.00-1.50 Poor
Therefore, the researchers concluded that the E-Ticket System for Theather Hall is a

system that enables electronically reserve seats as the customer book it.