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TRANSPORT PHENOMENA

MOMENTUM, HEAT, AND MASS TRANSFER Rate of transfer as a function of gradients at the wall
ANALOGY Momentum Transfer:

b Dlc
For the equations which apply to turbulent flow in circular ftV 2 Dp m
xw =-n c dv m =-
tubes, the following definitions apply: dy w 8 = 4 - L f
Nu = Nusselt Number ; hD E
k
Heat Transfer:
Pr = Prandtl Number (cp/k),
d Q n =-k c dT m
o
Re = Reynolds Number (DV/), A w dy w
Sc = Schmidt Number [/(Dm)],
Sh = Sherwood Number (kmD/Dm), Mass Transfer in Dilute Solutions:
St = Stanton Number [h/(cpG)],
b N l =-Dm d m n
dc
cm = concentration (mol/m3), A w dy w
cp = heat capacity of fluid [J/(kgK)],
D = tube inside diameter (m), Rate of transfer in terms of coefficients
2
Dm = diffusion coefficient (m /s), Momentum Transfer:
ftV 2
(dcm/dy)w = concentration gradient at the wall (mol/m4), xw =
8
(dT/dy)w = temperature gradient at the wall (K/m),
(dv/dy)w = velocity gradient at the wall (s1), Heat Transfer:

d Q n = hDT
f = Moody friction factor, o
A w
G = mass velocity [kg/(m2s)],
h = heat-transfer coefficient at the wall [W/(m2K)],
Mass Transfer:
k = thermal conductivity of fluid [W/(mK)],
km = mass-transfer coefficient (m/s), b N l = km Dcm
A w
L = length over which pressure drop occurs (m),
(N/A)w = inward mass-transfer flux at the wall [mol/(m2s)], Use of friction factor (f ) to predict heat-transfer and
_Qo Aiw = inward heat-transfer flux at the wall (W/m2), masstransfer coefficients (turbulent flow)
y = distance measured from inner wall toward centerline Heat Transfer:
(m),
jH = b Nu l Pr 2 3 =
f
cm = concentration difference between wall and bulk fluid RePr 8
(mol/m3),
T = temperature difference between wall and bulk fluid (K), Mass Transfer:
2
jM = b Sh l Sc 2 3 =
= absolute dynamic viscosity (Ns/m ), and f
w = shear stress (momentum flux) at the tube wall (N/m ). 2 ReSc 8

Definitions already introduced also apply.

90 TRANSPORT PHENOMENA

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