Words Transcription Translation Unit 31. Talking about ideas Postmodernism 1. movement of intellectual thought intellektual dncnin hrkat \ axn 2. academic disciplines akademik fnlr 3. reaction to sth nys reaksiya 4. emphasize xsusi hmiyyt vermk 5. essence mahiyyt, sil, mz 6. generalize mumildirmk \ ictimaildirmk 7. interpret izah etmk, aydnladrmaq 8. valid etibarl, hqiqi, yararl 9. criterion \ criteria (sing \ pl) kriteriya \lar\ 10. phenomenon \ phenomena fenomen \lr\ 11. hypothesis \ hypotheses hipoteza, frziyy, ehtimal \lar\ 12. analysis \ analyses thlil, analiz \lr\ 13. thesis \ theses tezis, sas fikir, mdda \lar\ Some useful nouns relating to ideas 14. concept principle, idea anlay 15. framework (system of rules, beliefs or ideas used as the basis for something) 16. approach yanama 17. model (for e.g. Marxist model) model 18. notion belief, idea ry, fikir 19. perception belief, opinion qavray, dnc 20. stance (government's stance on this issue) mvqe (bu msld hkumtin mvqeyi) 21. viewpoint opinion nqteyi-nzr, ry Other difficult words and expressions 22. discuss sth nyis mzakir etmk 23. It can be argued that bel dnl bilr ki... (akademik dild bu ifadlr n my 24. Most (people) would argue that ... opiniondan daha mvafiqdir) Unit 32. Reporting what others says Reporting verbs 25. suggests tklif etmk 26. states byan elmk, bildirmk; tsdiq etmk 27. claims tlb etmk, iddia etmk 28. asserts tsdiq elmk, mdafi etmk, qorumaq 29. contends iddia etmk, raz olmamaq, hct etmk 30. maintains qorumaq; saxlamaq; mdafi etmk 31. somebody declares that elan etmk (declaration byannam) 32. implies fikrind tutmaq, gman etmk 33. argues mbahis \ sbut etmk 34. observes mahid elmk, grmk, hiss etmk 35. notes qeyd elmk, bildirmk 36. comments tnqidi qeydlr etmk, rh etmk 37. points out gstrmk 38. sb advances sth This words used irli srmk 39. sb puts forvard sth with idea, theory, irli srmk, tklif etmk 40. sb proposes sth hypothesis tklif etmk 41. emphasizes vurulamaq 42. highlights, stresses 43. demonstrates nmayi etdirmk; gstrmk 44. proves sbut etmk 45. sb mentions sth nyins adn kmk, xatrlatmaq 46. pinpoints nys diqqt kmk 47. questions soru-suala tutmaq, istintaq elmk 48. explain izah etmk 49. describes tsvir etmk Reporting nouns 50. sb provides an explanation rh vermk 51. sb gives a description tsvir etmk 52. sb's suggestion mslht, tklif 53. sb's statement bildirm, tsdiq etm (fakt v s.) 54. sb's claim \ assertion \ contention mvqe, ry, fikir 55. sb's implication bildiri, vurulama, implikasiya 56. worth dyrli, hmiyytli 57. sb's argument dlil, sbut, sas 58. sb's emphasis \ stress on sth vuru, qeyd etm, nzr arpdrma 59. sb's observation mahid, mlahiz 60. sb's demonstration nmayi etdirm, gstrm 61. sb's proof sbut Unit 33. Analyzing of results Analysing in academic texts 62. come to conclusion about sth ns haqqnda nticy glmk 63. reach 64. (dis)advantage of course of action hrkt kursunun stnlklri (mnfi chtlri drawbacks) 65. benefit(s) outweigh the drawbacks or vice versa mnftlr mnfi chtlri stlyir v ya ksin 66. weighing up sth lb-bimk, gtr-qoy elmk, qiymt vermk 67. one\both\each side(s) of an argument arqumentin bir \ iki \ hr trfi 68. relevant aspects of sth (e.g.the issue) 69. point(s) 70. raise 71. take into account \ take account of a range of variables btn mmkn dyiikliklri dyrlndirmk 72. variance dyiiklik, dyiilm, dyim 73. deduce ntic xarmaq, izah etmk 74. draw conclusions ntic xarmaq, nticy glmk 75. soundly (completely, firmly) based on their results tamamil onlarn nticlrinin zrind qurulub Weighing up results 76. come down on one side or the other to make a decision between two opposing points of view A particularly strong argument may tip the scales in Gcl arqument trzinin gzn bir trfin xeyrin 77. favour of one side. dyiir. 78. scale trzi, trzi kasas, kala, drc Sentences relating to analyses 79. The survey provided some useful insights into (points that help us to understand more clearly) the problem. 80. The results point to (show, indicate) an interesting trend. 81. On the basis of our data we would predict (ehtimal etmk) continuing social unrest. 82. We found that women constitute (account for tkil etmk) 40% of the workforce. 83. We began with a critical (giving opinions) review of the literature n the field. 84. Most of our respondents were critical (not pleased, negative about) of the new law. 85. We are reaching a critical (very important) period in terms of global climate change. 86. The patient in in a critical (serious) condition. 87. deeply critical = very negative 88. absolutely critical = extremely important Unit 36. Talking about points of view Expressing aims (from Unit 35) 89. deliberate \ intentional mqsdli, dnlm 90. goal \ objective \\ purpose \ intention mqsd \\ niyyt 91. motive motiv, hrktverici qvv 92. priority prioritetlik 93. strategy strategiya 94. target hdf Commenting on others' views (from Unit 36) 95. No one can be completely objective in their point of view. 96. inevitably bhsiz ki, ... 97. subjective(ly) subyektivlik, subyektiv olmaq 98. impartial qrzsiz, bitrf 99. tend to be biased necs olmaa meylli olmaq tend to be in favour of sth qeyri-uri nys stnlk vermy \ mnfi 100. biased prejudiced against sth\sb qiymtlndirmy meylli olmaq 101. rational irrational rasional irrasional 102. standpoint = a set of beliefs fikir, ry, nqteyi-nzr 103. radical radikal 104. reactionary irtica, mrtce siyast trfdar 105. conservative mhafizkar 106. immature mature inkiaf etmmi \ inkiaf etmi, tkmil 107. on the other hand digr trfdn 108. thoughtful fikirli, daln Word combinations relating to points of view (from Unit 36) 109. to hold views [has opinions] fikr, nqteyi-nzr malik \ sahib olmaq 110. to adopt \ take a principled stance [take a position] prinsipial yanaman mnimsmk 111. to change \ shift your position mvqeyini dyimk 112. have ethical objections (etiraz) to sth dislike for reasons relating to morality (xlaq qaydalar) 113. the principles underlying [basic idea lying behind] 114. to encounter prejudice etirazla (nyarqyla) zlmk 115. deep-rooted prejudice [strong, unreasonably negative views] drin kk salm nyarglar 116. from (someone's) point of view kimins nqteyi-nzrindn Unit 37. Degrees of certainty Being tentative 117. There is some evidence to suggest that bzi sbutlara gr irli srl bilr ki ... 118. It can be argued that ... bel nticy glin bilr ki ... 119. It may not be the case that hr halda ola bilmz ki ... 120. It would seem \ appear that ... bel grnr ki, bel ortaya xr ki 121. We can presume that gman ed bilrik ki ... 122. There appears \ seems to be some evidence bzi faktlarn mvcudluu ortaya xb (ki, ...) 123. There is some evidence that ... bzi faktlara gr ... It is true or almost certainly true 124. undoubtedly \ certainly bhsix ki, lbtt 125. of course lbtt 126. evident \ obvious, clear easily seen or understood aq aydn 127. apparently grndy kimi, aq-akar 128. presumably ehtimal ki, yqin ki 129. There is a tendency for sb\sth = It is often the case that nys nyns\kimns bir tendensiyadr 130. Boys tend to do sth = Boys are likely to do sth ola bilsin ki 131. There is every likehood that = it is probable hr halda ... \ yksk ehtimal ... 132. The situation is liable to change = may change, is likely to change vziyyt dyin oxayr The writer is unsure 133. allegedly guya ki 134. allege tsdiqlmk (sbutsuz) 135. is\are considered to be hesab edilir 136. perception qavray, drk etm, bilm 137. The article reportedly an excellent piece of work. deyiln gr 138. In the absence of evidence to the contrary ks-sbut olmad n ... 139. assume gman etmk