Unit 4 Jacksonian Democracy, Manifest Destiny, and Reform

Image What they were Why they were important

His inventions made

Inventor:
mass-production possible
Eli Whitney cotton gin &
interchangeable parts
Lots of industry began

Did not have to get a new

machine, could just replace
Parts of a
Interchangeable parts
machine/tool
Parts that are exactly alike
Parts could be made easily
without much training
Made Americans move and
Belief that Americans settle out west very quickly
were supposed own
all of the land from Territories became states very
Manifest Destiny the Atlantic Ocean to quickly because of this
the Pacific Ocean population growth
it was their destiny
Doubled number of states
Represented the common
7th President man those without much
Andrew Jackson money
1829-1837
Responsible for the
 Indian Removal Act

First president to truly

use veto power
6th President
John Quincy
Promoted American System
Adams 1825-1829

Political system
Long term effect on view of
Spoils System Friends of new presidency and its
government replace effectiveness
old government

Natives no longer
Law that said natives had a right to land
Indian Removal
must move west of the
Act Mississippi River Changed native life in the US
permanently

Forced journey
of all natives died making
Trail of Tears of natives
this journey in the winter
to the West
 Developed nullification
theory
Jacksons
John C. Calhoun Said a state could
Vice President
nullify (to agree to) a federal
law
if they did not agree with it

Tax that Raised the cost of living in the

protected northern South
Tariff of
industries
Abominations Developed anti-North
Taxed foreign goods feelings in the South

Bad time during

Unconstitutional action
Jacksons presidency
Nullification Crisis (South would not
Developed anti-South
feelings in the North
agree to some federal
laws)

Created a standard
One central bank for
form of currency
the entire US
Bank of the
United States Funded collective debt
Created by Alexander
(states all paid the debt from
Hamilton
the Revolutionary War)
 Womens suffrage
leader Initiated womens rights &
Elizabeth Cady womens right to vote struggle
Stanton Organized
Seneca Falls (NY) (suffrage = right to vote)
Convention

Changed treatment of patients

Reformer for mentally
Dorothea Dix in mentally-ill hospitals and
ill hospitals & prisons
standards of living in prisons

One of the first major revolts

against slavery
Nat Turner Leader of slave revolt
Established a national
spotlight on the need for
abolition of slavery
 Brought national attention to
William Lloyd Newspaper editor
the need for abolition of
Garrison (The Liberator)
slavery through the press

Abolitionist
First educated black man to
Frederick Douglas abolition
bring national attention to
need for abolition of slavery
= get rid of (slavery)

Brought attention to need for

Idea that alcohol
declined use of alcohol,
Temperance should be banned
eventually led to Prohibition
(not allowed)
(outlaw of alcohol use)
 Movement started the process
Suffrage Right to vote of women earning
the right to vote

Town in NY

Convention held for First organized meeting of

Seneca Falls womens rights women to discuss womens
rights & the right to vote
(convention =
big meeting)

Nat Turners First organized revolt of slaves

Slave revolt
Rebellion that gained national attention
 The idea that slavery
Eventually led to
should be abolished
Abolition Emancipation Proclamation
(gotten rid of,
(outlawing of slavery)
made illegal)

Style of governing that

Andrew Jackson
made popular

- party of ordinary
farmers and
workers
Changed the idea that the
- opposed the
executive leader (the
Jacksonian special privileges
president) and the voters had
Democracy of economic
to be of the wealthy, elite,
elites
landowning class of society
- offered affordable
western land to
ordinary white
Americans,
Indians needed
to be forced
further westward
 Law (1820)

Northern territories
Reduced north/south tensions
Missouri that became states did
regarding slavery temporarily
Compromise NOT allow slavery

Southern territories
that became states
allowed slavery
Nation started having major
disagreements about:

Slavery:
- West should it be out
there? South yes.
North no.
Idea that each area of Representation:
the US was becoming - N&S want votes. Slaves
so distinct gave more votes at that
Sectionalism
(separate/isolated) in time (3/5th). So North
its views that it was wants free states out west.
dividing the nation South wants slave states
out west.

Tariffs
- South no tariffs on
imports (British stuff). North
wants tariffs to protect their
own stuff. Dont buy English
 stuff buy Northern stuff. So
country can make $$.

States Rights
- South we can nullify laws
we dont like (tariffs,
restrictions of slavery). North
no you cant
Unit 5A - Civil
First abolitionists to speak War &
about womens rights
Grimke Sisters Abolitionists
Bring credible attention to
issue of slavery since they are
from South
Reconstruction

People: Union (North)

Why they were
Image What they were
important
Formed because
Political party Dem-Rep Party
started when could not agree
Republican
Dem-Rep broke about slavery
Party
off to form own
group Signified how
divisive (didnt
 agree) country was
because of slavery
Kept country
Abraham together People:
President of US Confederacy
Lincoln
Abolished slavery (South)
Why they were
Ulysses Grant Image WhatGeneral
Union they were Won war for Union Events
important
Why they were
Image What they were Never established
President of important
Jefferson Davis unified government in
William T Confederacy
General
Idea - north
that states dont SouthSouth
Burned Atlanta
felt that they were
Sherman
Nullification have to obey fed laws if not required to follow
they dont want to laws that they did not like
Confederate Led Confederate
Robert E Lee Opened up Utah & New
General troops
Decision on Mexico to popular
Compromise of how to use land from sovereignty
1850 Mexican-American
War Slavery issue as
Known stillRobert E
Thomas Stonewall unresolved
General - South Lees right-hand
Jackson
man
Uncle Toms
Book that told about Brought attention to
Cabin
slavery horrors abuse of slaves
1851

Opened up Kansas &

Nebraska to popular
sovereignty
Kansas-Nebraska Decision on how to
Made political struggle
Act use land from
for territories to become
1854 Louisiana Purchase
slave

Bleeding Kansas
years of fighting & riots
Avoided conflict of
Idea that people in the slavery by giving power to
territory/state can settlers
Popular
decide whether or not
sovereignty
to have slavery Indirectly encouraged
conflict by political
interest groups
 Court ruling stated that
Congress did not have
Court decision that constitutional right to
Dred Scott said slaves could not make laws regarding
Decision sue in court since they slavery
1857 were property & not
citizens Made popular
sovereignty legislation
ineffective

Southern states leave

Secession Eventually leads to
union - become a
1861 Civil War
different country

Lincoln suspends
(does not follow)
Right to know why you
HC during Civil War to
are being arrested
Habeas Corpus keep Maryland part of
May 1861 Union
Cannot be
jailed/detained without
(DC would be capitol in
knowing reason
another country
if MD left)
 Battles
Emancipation Legislation that freed
Keeps
theyKentucky from
Proclamation Image What they
slaves inwere
states in Why were important
leaving the Union
Jan 1863 rebellion

First battle of Civil War

Military fort in
Fort Sumter
harbor off SC
South attacks North

Gettysburg
Speech Lincoln gives Offers respect to both
Address
to honor soldiers killed sides - North & South
Nov 1863
Very bloody
Antietam Battle in Maryland
After this, Lincoln gives
Gettysburg Address

2nd inaugural Wants to unify the

Speech Lincoln gives
address Battle at Mississippi country - not punish the
at beginning of termNorth cut off
1865 which took over South
Vicksburg Mississippi River
control of Mississippi
River
 Bloodiest battle
Gettysburg Battle in Pennsylvania
South becomes on the
defensive

Strong but failed attack

Picketts Last battle at
Charge Gettysburg Shows South they can be
defeated

Railroads/supply line for

South destroyed
Battle for Last major battle in
Atlanta South South burned after battle
from Atlanta to the sea
(Savannah)
Appomatt Location of
Town in Virginia
ox Robert E Lees surrender

Unit 5B - Reconstruction

Events
 Why they were
Image What they were
important

Homestead Act Gave western land away to Encouraged settlement of

anyone who had never the west to those loyal to
1862 fought against the Union the Union

Southern state could

10% Plan become part of US again
Readmitted South
when 10% of voters swore
to Union quickly
Dec 1863 allegiance (promised to be
faithful) to Union

Reconstruction
Time period after Civil Reestablished
1865-1877 War when country rebuilt government in US

People from the North

Carpetbaggers who came down South to Showed how weak Souths
profit from Souths weak economy was
economy
 Southerners who
Scalawags Showed divisiveness of
supported Republican
South in politics
party

Presidential Was meant to unify

Reconstruction country through leniency
Lenient policy to readmit
towards South, but did not
South to the Union
1865-1869 allow for AA transition to
society under Johnson

13th Amendment Slavery was no longer a

Abolished slavery
legal practice in the US
1865

Ku Klux Klan
White supremacy group in prevented AA vote
the South through intimidation
1865

Black Codes
Laws made by Southern Limited AA opportunities
states to deny AA rights in the South
1865

40 acres and a mule Land & mule given to AA
during Civil War, then
1865 taken away
Morehouse College
College for AA in Atlanta
1867
Freedmans Bureau Organization created to
assist AA with employment
1865-1872 and housing
Tenure of Office Legislation that said
Act president had to get
approval before firing
1867 Cabinet members
Foundation for
sharecropping
(AA work land in exchange
for rent & low wages)
First college for AA
in the US
Helped AA transition into
free society
Allowed for removal of
Andrew Johnson from
office
Congress then controlled
reconstruction efforts
14th Amendment Change to the Constitution AA could have
that gave equal rights to all government protection and
1868 men, regardless of race citizenship

Congressional Strict policy to readmit

South to Union Was meant to punish the
Reconstruction
South, but also help AAs
Made up of Radical transition into society
1869-1877 Republicans in Congress

Transcontinental Made western migration

much easier
Railroad
Railroad built across US
Helped settle
1869 the Western US
15th Amendment
All men allowed to vote, Gave blacks the right to
regardless of race vote
1870

Battle of Little Big Biggest US defeat by

Horn natives
Native victory in the West
1876 Gave natives hope of
preserving their lands

His defeat showed US govt

General George Custer US general at Battle of that natives could
Little Big Horn overpower them and more
troops were needed

Resulted from
Ended Reconstruction
tie in Election of 1876
Compromise of 1877 Removed federal troops
Rutherford B Hayes
from South
wins presidency
Jim Crow Laws Laws segregating facilities Kept racial discrimination
in the South legal in South
1877-1965

Battle of Wounded
Knee
Last struggle btwn
Massacre of Plains natives
US govt & natives
1890

Sioux leader who tried to

Symbol of loss of native
Sitting Bull keep native lands in West
western lands

Said that blacks could

Court case that said
Plessy vs Ferguson
facilities for AAs should be
separate but equal
1896
have same facilities as
whites, but could not use
same facilities
Kept racial discrimination
legal in South