Amebae (class: sarcodinia)

Species Disease Epidemiology Diagnosis Infectious Stage Pathologic Stage Pathogenesis Pathology Treatment
Entamoeba amebiasis worldwide where 4 nuclei cysts or trophs cysts trophozoites fecal-oral amebic dysentery, asx iodoquinol OR paromyocin
histolytica people poop on O&P prep invade intestinal ameboma, ulcers OR diloxanide furoate
mucosa sx metronidazole OR tinidazole
Entamoeba dispar looks like histolytica cysts trophozoites NONPATHOGENIC
Naegleria spp. meningo- Europe, USA trophozoites in brain, trophozoites trophozoites invade nose via brain infection Naeg: infusion of amphotericin B
Acanthamoeba spp encephalitis pools of water, saline CSF cribiform to brain into CSF, brain STAT
Acan: pentamidine isethionate,
ketaconazole

Other Intestinal Protozoa

Species Disease Epidemiology Diagnosis Infectious Stage Pathologic Stage Pathogenesis Pathology Treatment
Balantidium coli balantidiasis worldwide in pig- trophs or cysts in stool cysts trophozoites fecal-oral ulceration tetracycline (DOC)
(class: ciliata) raising societies invade colon (no deep gangrenous colon iodoquinol OR metronidazole
penetration) death (rare)
Giardia lamblia giardiasis ubiquitous at fatty diarrhea, trophs or cysts trophozoites fecal-oral ulceration metronidazole or quinacrine
(class: camping sites/ski cysts in stool, string test emerge in small dysentery/fatty OR
mastigophora) resorts (dogs, (cysts quadronucleate) intestine (does not diarrhea, frothy feces, tinidazole or furazolidone or
beavers) invade tissue) flatulence, nausea, wt paramomycin
loss, avitaminosis, fat
malabsorption
Microsporidia worldwide (insects, infective cyst twirling cysts confined to intestine or disseminated infxn albendazole (DOC)
vertebrates, seed other organs ocular or systemic fumagillin eyedrops
invertebrates) infxn, watery diarrhea keratoplasty
Trichomonas trichomoniasis worldwide trophozoites only in UG trophozoites trophozoites female: in vagina female: thick metronidazole OR tinidazole (in
vaginalis discharge, scraping from sex, no male: in prostate discharge, abnl both partners)
(class: cysts epithelium
mastigophora) male: asx

Trypanosomes (class: mastigophora)

Species Disease Epidemiology Diagnosis Infectious Stage Pathologic Stage Pathogenesis Pathology Treatment
Trypanosoma W. African W. Africa blood, CSF, lymph metacyclic trypomastigotes tsetse fly w/ metacyclic * meningitis, cerebral hemolytic: suramin OR
brucei gambiense sleeping trypomastigotes trypomastigote edema, perivascular pentamidine isethionate
sickness tsetse fly on trypomastigote enter cuffing
vegetation near rivers chancre extracellular * exhaust Ab supply CNS: melarsoprol
in blood, CNS, lymph b/c variable Ag coat
* cross BBB
sleeping sickness
Trypanosoma E. African E. Africa Winters bottom sign, metacyclic trypomastigotes * exhaust Ab supply
brucei rhodesiense sleeping blood trypomastigotes b/c variable Ag coat
sickness tsetse fly on bush * cross BBB
back, antelope sleeping sickness
Trypanosoma Chagas Latin America chagoma (swelling @ trypomastigotes amastigotes bug poops & person * inflammation nifurtimox OR benznidazole
cruzii disease site) Romaas sign in feces (intracellular) rubs trypomastigotes * cardiomegaly
(ZOONOSIS) Rhodnius spp, into wound or mucosal aneurysm, destroyed
Triatoma spp, & C-shaped membrane * megacolon,
cone-nosed bugs trypomastigote in blood amastigote into tissue megaesophagus
rodents, armadillos trypomastigote into destruction of
blood mesenteric plexus
Leishmania (Mucocutaneous & Visceral)

Species Disease Epidemiology Diagnosis Infectious Stage Pathologic Stage Pathogenesis Pathology Treatment
L. braziliensis muco- NW Amazon, needle biopsy, promastigotes amastigotes promastigotes in espundia (lesions 3-20 stibogluconate sodium OR
complex cutaneous Brazil, Central scrapping salivary gland of sand yrs) destruction of amphotericin B
leishmaniasis America, Peru fly inject nasal & pharynx
espundia (arboreal mammals) amastigotes in m death by asphyxiation,
(Lutzomyia fly) penetrates MC layers starvation, drown
L. donovani visceral OW India Russia, biopsy spleen/liver promastigotes amastigotes promastigotes in Kala-azar (black fever) stibogluconate sodium
leishmaniasis China, Kenya, no skin test during infxn salivary gland of sand splenomegaly
Kala-azar Ethiopia, Sudan fly inject hepatomegaly
(Phlebotomus fly) amastigotes in m leukopenia
NW Brazil, S. Am. penetrates liver, spleen,
(Lutzomyia fly) bone marrow

Leishmania (Cutaneous)

Species Disease Epidemiology Diagnosis Infectious Stage Pathologic Stage Pathogenesis Pathology Treatment
L. tropica cutaneous OW Middle East, needle biopsy, scraping promastigotes amastigotes promastigotes in recidivans, in brain, L tropica: hot compress or
leishmaniasis India, Africa, Russia salivary gland of sand granulomas w/ sulfuric acid for the recidivans,
(urban slow) (Phlebotomus fly) fly inject satellites, dry-rolled arsenic for the brain infxn
amastigotes in m lesion (self-cure 1-2
stays nr wound or yrs get immunity ALL:
disseminated in only to tropica) stibogluconate sodium OR
L. major cutaneous cutaneous layers seed wet-rolled lesion (self- meglumine antimonate OR
leishmaniasis blood fly bites cure 6-12 mo get amphotericin B
(rural fast) cycle in fly immunity to tropica &
major)
L. aethiopica cutaneous OW Ethiopia non-ulcerating, non-
L. mexicano leishmaniasis (Phlebotomus fly) healing lesion
pifano NW Venezuela ANERGY
(Lutzomyia fly)
L. mexicana cutaneous NW Mexico, Latin rolled-edge lesion
complex leishmaniasis America, Venezuela (get immunity)
(Lutzomyia fly)