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SATHYABAMA UNIVERSITY
(Established under section 3 of UGC Act, 1956)
Course & Branch: B.E - Mechanical

Title of the paper: Gas Dynamics & Jet Propulsion Systems/ Gas
Dynamics & Jet Propulsion
Semester: V Max. Marks: 80
Sub.Code: 15506 (2002/2003/2004/2005) Time: 3 Hours
Date: 02-05-2008 Session: AN
PART A (10 x 2 = 20)

Answer All the Questions
1. Define stagnation state of a fluid.
2. Find the highest possible velocity which could result form the
expansion of air at a standard temperature of 15C
3. What is meant by isentropic flow with variable area?
4. What is impulse functions and give its uses?
5. Write few applications of fanno and rayleigh flow.

6. Differentiate between fanno and rayleigh flow.
7. Define strength of a shock wave.
8. How the properties changes across a normal shock?
9. What is thrust augmentation?
10. Define specific Impulse of an rocket?

PART B (5 x 12 = 60)
11. (a) Represent Isentropic and adiabatic flow through diffuser and
nozzle on T-S diagram and label different states between the
initial and final states. (3)
(b) Air (? = 1.67, Cp = 1.05 kJ/kgK) at P1 = 3 x 105N/m2 and T1 =

500 K flows with a velocity of 200 m/s in a 30 cm diameter duct.
Calculate:
(i) Mass flow rate and Stagnation temperature (2 + 2)

(ii) Mach number (2)
(iii) Stagnation pressure values assuming the flow as compressible
and incompressible respectively. (3)
(or)
12. What is the effect of Mach number on the compressibility? Prove
for ? = 1.4, (P? P)/ (0.5? C2) = 1+0.25 M2 +0.025 M4+
13. A nozzle in a wind tunnel gives a test section Mach number of 2.

Air enters the nozzle form a large reservoir a 0.69bar and 310K.
The cross-sectional area of the throat is 1000 cm2. Determine the
following quantities for the tunnel for one-dimensional isentropic
flow:
(a) Pressures, temperatures and velocities at the throat and the
test section (6)
(b) Area of cross section of the test section (2)
(c) Mass flow rate and the Power required to drive the
compressor. (4)
(or)
14. The pressure, velocity and temperature of the air (? = 1.4, CP =
1.0 kJ/kgK) at the entry of a nozzle are 2 bar, 145 m/s and 330K.
The pressure at the exit is 1.5 bar.
(a) What is shape of the nozzle. (4)
(b) Determine for isentropic flow:
(i) Mach number at entry and exit (4) (ii)
Flow rate and maximum possible flow rate. (4)
15. A Circular duct passes 8.25 Kg/s of air at an exit mach number of
0.5. The entry pressure and temperature are 3.45 bar and 38C
respectively and the coefficient of friction 0.005. If the Mach
number at the entry is 0.35, determine:
(a) diameter and length of the duct

(b) pressure and temperature at the exit
(c) stagnation pressure loss & percentage stagnation pressure
loss
(d) exit velocity and temperature
(or)
16. In a certain combustion chamber of a jet engine, air enters with a
velocity of 100 m/s, temperature of 60C and a pressure of 3.5
bar. If 460 kJ/kg of heat is added, find:
(a) pressure & temperature after combustion
(b) stagnation temperature and Mach number after combustion.
Assume CP = 1005 J/kgK and ? = 1.4.
17. An aircraft flies at a Mach number of 1.2 at an altitude of 1600m

where static pressure and temperature are 103 m bar and
216.65K. The compression in its engine is partly achieved by a
normal shock wave standing at the entry of its diffuser. Determine
immediately downstream of the shock:
(a) Mach number
(b) temperature of air
(c) pressure of air
(d) stagnation pressure loss across the shock (4x3
= 12)
(or)
18. A jet of air at 275K and 0.69 bar has an initial mach number of 2.0,
when it passes through a normal shock wave. Determine at the
downstream of the shock:
(a) Mach number
(b) pressure
(c) temperature
(d) density
(e) speed of sound
(f) jet velocity . (6x2 = 12)
19. (a) Draw neat sketches and explain the general working of solid
propellant rocket engine. State any tow advantages &
disadvantages of solid propellant rockets. (8)
(b) What is thrust augmentation? Why after burners are used in a

turbo jet? (4)
(or)
20. Explain the working of an pulse jet engine with an neat sketch.
Course & Branch: B.E Mechanical

Title of the paper: Gas Dynamics and Jet Propulsion/ Gas Dynamics
and Jet Propulsion Systems
Semester: V Max. Marks: 80
Sub.Code: 315506/415506/515506/615503 Time: 3 Hours
Date: 13-11-2008 Session: FN
PART A (10 x 2 = 20)

1. Define Stagnation Enthalpy.
2. Define Mach number and Crocco number.
3. What is the sonic velocity in air at 60C?
4. Give the energy equation governing flow through an adiabatic

diffuser. Show the h-s diagram.
5. Differentiate between fanno flow and Rayleigh flow.

6. Define Normal shock.
7. List the different types of Jet engines.
8. What are the main components of a gas turbine engine used for
Turbo-jet aircrafts?
9. State five important properties desired in a propellant.
10. Define specific impulse for a rocket.

PART B (5 x 12 = 60)
Answer ALL the Questions
11. The pressure, temperature and Mach number at the entry of a

flow passage are 2.45 bar, 26.5C and 1.4 respectively. If the exit
Mach number is 2.5, determine for adiabatic flow of a perfect
gas ( = 1.3, R = 0.467 kJ/kg K)
(a) Stagnation temperature
(b) The temperature and velocity of a gas at exit
(c) The flow ratio per square meter of the inlet cross section.
(or)
12. (a) Derive the energy equation Stating the assumption used.
(b) An air jet ( = 1.4, R = 287 J/kg K) at 400 K has sonic velocity.
Determine.
(i) Velocity of sound of 400 K
(ii) maximum velocity of the jet.
(iii) Stagnation enthalpy.
13. A nozzle in a wind tunnel gives a test section Mach number of 2.0
Air enters the nozzle from a large reservoir at 0.69 bar and 325 K.
The cross sectional area of the throat is 1000cm2. Determine the
following quantities for the tunnel for one dimensional isentropic
flow
(a) Pressure, Temperature and velocities at the throat and test
section.
(b) Area of the cross section of the test section
(c) Mass flow rate.
(d) Power required to drive the compressor.
(or)
14. Describe the behavior of flow with a suitable sketch in a
convergent-divergent when it is operating at
(a) Design pressure ratio.
(b) Pressure ratio higher than the design value
(c) Pressure ratio low than the design value
15. A long pipe of 25.4 mm diameter has a mean coefficient of friction
of 0.002. Air enters the pipe at a Mach number of 2.5, Stagnation
temperature 310 K and Static pressure 0.507 bar. Determine for
a section at which the Mach number reaches 1.2
(a) Static pressure and temperature
(b) Stagnation pressure and temperature
(c) Velocity of air
(d) Distance of this section from the inlet.
(or)
16. The conditions of a gas in a combustor at entry are P1 = 0.343 bar,
T1 = 350 K, C1 = 60 m/s. Determine the Mach number, pressure,
temperature and velocity at the exit if the increase in Stagnation
enthalpy of the gas between entry and exit is 1172.5 kj/kg. Take
Cp = 1.005 kJ/kg, = 1.4.
17. An aircraft flies at a Mach number of 1.2 at an altitude of 16000

meters (P = .103 bar, T = 216.65K). The compression in its engine
is partly achieved by normal shock wave standing at the entry of
its diffuser. Determine immediately downstream of the shock
(a) Mach number.
(b) Temperature of the air.
(c) Pressure of the air.
(d) Stagnation pressure loss across the shock
(or)
18. Starting from the energy equation for the flow through a normal
shock obtain the following relations.
CxCy = a *2
MxMy = 1
19. (a) Explain the working principle of a Turbojet Engine with

suitable sketches.
(b)Differentiate Turbojet and Turboprop.
(or)
20. A rocket has a throat area 18 cm2 and combustion chamber
pressure of 25 bar. If the specific impulse is 125.42 secs and
weight flow rate 44.145 N/s, determine
(a) the thrust coefficient
(b) Propellant weight flow coefficient
(c) specific propellant consumption and the characteristics
velocity.
(d) the characteristics velocity
(Established under section 3 of UGC Act,1956)
Course & Branch :B.E - MECH

Title of the Paper :Gas Dynamics and Jet Propulsion Max. Marks :80
Sub. Code :315506/415506/615503 Time : 3 Hours
Date :30/04/2010 Session :AN
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
PART - A (10 x 2 = 20)

1. Define stagnation state.
2. What is Mach cone?
3. What is the type of nozzle required to achieve supersonic

velocity?
4. What do you mean by nozzle choking?
5. Write the variation in pressure, temperature and velocity in

subsonic Fanno flow.
6. Draw the Rayleigh curve on h-s coordinates and mark the salient
points.
7. Can shock wave exist in subsonic flow? Why?
8. How do entropy and velocity vary across a normal shock wave?

9. Define: thrust power and propulsive power for jet engines.
10. What is effective jet velocity of rocket engines?
PART B (5 x 12 = 60)
11. Air at pressure 3 x 105 N/m2 and temperature 500K flows with
velocity 200m/s in a 30 cm diameter Calculate (a) mass flow rate
(b) stagnation temperature (c) mach number (d) stagnation
pressure values assuming the flow as compressible and
incompressible respectively.
(or)
12. (a) Deduce the expression for velocity of sound in terms of fluid
properties.
(b) Write a note on various regions of flow.
13. A convergent-divergent nozzle is designed to expand air from a

chamber in which the pressure is 800 kPa and the temperature is
40C to give a Mach number of 2.6. The throat area of the nozzle
is 0.08 m2. Find
(a) the exit area of the nozzle,
(b) mass flow rate through the nozzle when operating under
design conditions,
(c) the design back pressure and
(d) the lowest back pressure for which there is only subsonic flow
in the nozzle.
(or)
14. Pressure, velocity and temperature of air ( = 1.4, Cp=1.0 kJ/kg K)
at the entry of the nozzle are 2 bar, 145m/s and 330K. exit
pressure is 1.5 bar.
(a) What is the shape of nozzle?
(b) Mach number at the entry and exit and
(c) flow rate and maximum possible flow rate. Assume isentropic
flow.
15. Consider compressible flow through a long well insulated duct

with a diameter of 0.2 m at a flow rate of 800 m3/min. At the inlet
to the duct the pressure and temperature are 100 Kpa and 30C
respectively. Assume that the flow is adiabatic and the pipe is
sufficiently long to ensure that the flow choked at the exit, find
the velocity and temperature at the pipe exit. Assume a friction
factor of 0.003.
(or)
16. Air flows through a constant diameter duct. At inlet air velocity is
300 m/s and stagnation temperature is 90C. If Mach number at
exit is 0.3 determine direction and rate of heat transfer.
17. A turbojet engine works at a Mach number of 1.3 at an altitude of

15250 m. A normal shock occurs ahead of the inlet diffuser.
Determine the Mach number and stagnation pressure after the
shock. What is the percentage of stagnation pressure loss after
the shock (at z = 15250 m, T = 218 K, P=0.118 bar)
(or)
18. A normal shock wave occurs in air flow at a point where the
velocity is 680 m/s the static pressure is 80 kPa. Static
temperature is 60C. Find the velocity, static temperature down
stream of the shock. Also find the stagnation pressure upstream
and downstream of the shock.
19. (a) Discuss the different methods to augment the thrust of jet
engines.
(b) Explain the principle of operation of a pulse jet engine.
(or)
20. (a) The effective jet velocity of a rocket is 2500 m/s, the flight
speed is 1100 m/s and the propellant consumption is 70 kg/s.
Calculate thrust, thrust power and propulsive efficiency.
(b) Bring out the differences between jet engine and rocket
engines.
Register Number
Course & Branch: B.E-MECH-P-MECH
Title of the Paper: Gas Dynamics and Jet Propulsion Max. Marks: 80
Sub. Code: 415506-615PT303-615503 Time: 3 Hours
Date: 20/11/2010 Session: FN
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
PART - A (10 X 2 = 20)

1. Define stagnation enthalpy.
2. What is Mach cone?
3. Define Rayleigh and Fanno flow.
4. State the governing equation used in plotting Rayleigh line.
5. Define normal shock.
6. Sketch an oblique shock and show the angles associated.
7. Write an expression for thrust of jet propulsion.

8. What is ram jet?
9. State different types of rockets.
10. Name some propellants for space application.

PART B (5 x 12 = 60)
11. (a) Derive an expression for T/To in term of mach number.

(b) A stream of air flows with a velocity of 250m/s in a duct of
10cm diameter; its temperature and pressure at that point are
5C and 40KPa. What will be its stagnation pressure and
temperature? What is the mass flow rate?
(or)
12. (a) What are the advantages of using M* instead of M and
derive an expression for it.
(b) A diffuser has an area ratio of 1.5 to 1. The inlet mach
number is 0.8. The initial pressure and temperature are 1 bar
and 15C. Assuming the flow to be isentropic, calculate the
final pressure, exit temperature and exit mach number.
13. (a) Define impulse function and its significance.

(b) A supersonic wind tunnel is designed for M=2 with the throat
section of 890cm2. The air at 1.2 bar and 25C is supplied
with negligible velocity. Find the mass flow rate, the area of
the test section and the fluid properties at the throat and
test section.
(or)
14. (a) Define nozzle efficiency and diffuser efficiency.
(b) Air is discharged from the reservoir at Po = 6.91 and To =
325C through the nozzle to an exit pressure of 0.98 bar. If
the flow rate is 3600kg/hr, determine for an isentropic flow
throat area, pressure and velocity, exit area, mach number
and maximum velocity.
15. (a) Explain with the help of basic equations how the fanno line
can be constructed on the H-S diagram.
(b) Air enters a constant area duct with a mach number of 0.4.
the length of the duct is 260mm and the diameter is 8cm.
The coefficient is 0.008. The inlet stagnation conditions are
3.5 bar and 37C. Determine the stagnation pressure loss,
change in temperature and change in entropy.
(or)
16. (a) Is it possible for the temperature of a gas increase while it
rejects heat? Give reasons.
(b) The stagnation temperature of air in a combustion chamber
is increased to 3.5 times its initial valves. If the air at entry is
at 5 bar, 105C and a mach number 0.25. Determine the
mach number, pressure and temperature at the exit,
stagnation pressure loss and the heat supplied per kg of air.
17. (a) Define strength of a shock wave.

(b) Starting from the energy equation derive Prandtl-Meyer
relation.
(c) Air traveling at a mach number of 2.5, a pressure of 1 bar and
a temperature of 15C undergoes a normal shock. Find the
velocity, the temperature and the stagnation pressure after
the shock.
(or)
18. (a) Derive the Rankine Hugoniot relation for a normal shock.
(b) The state of a gas (r=1.3, R = 0.469) upstream of a normal
shock wave is given by the following data. Mx = 2.5, Px = 200
Kpa, Tx = 275 K. Calculate the mach number, pressure,
temperature and velocity of the gas downstream of the
shock.
19. (a) Explain with a neat sketch the principle of operation of

turbo
fan engine.
(b) Derive the expressions for the following:
Thrust, propulsive efficiency, thermal efficiency, overall
efficiency.
(or)
20. (a) Define rocket propulsion.
(b) Give the difference between solid and liquid propellants
based on the application, merits and specific impulse.
(c) The effective jet velocity from a rocket is 2700m/s. the
forward velocity is 1350m/s and the propellant consumption
is 78.6kg/sec. Calculate thrust, thrust power and propulsive
efficiency.
Register Number

Title of the Paper :Gas Dynamics and Jet Propulsion Max. Marks:80
Sub. Code :615503 (2006-07-08-09) Time : 3 Hours
Date :12/11/2011 Session :FN
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
PART - A (10 x 2 = 20)

1. What are the applications of gas dynamics?
2. What are the different regions of compressible flow?
3. What is meant by isentropic flow with constant area?
4. Describe the function of nozzle and a diffuser.
5. Define fanno flow.

6. Define the term Rayleigh flow.
7. What is normal shock?
8. What is Prandtl-Mayer relation?
9. How will you classify the propulsive engine?
10. Give the component of turbojet.

PART B (5 x 12 = 60)
11. Derive the momentum equation for compressible flow.

(or)
12. A plane travels with a velocity of 1000km/hr at an altitude where
the pressure and temperature are 40Kpa and -35C. Find the
mach angle and Mach number.
13. Derive the mass flow rate in terms of pressure ratio.

(or)
14. An air nozzle is to be designed for an exit mach number of 3.5.
The stagnation conditions for the isentropic flow are 800 Kpa and
240C. Estimate pressure, temperature, velocity and area at the
throat and exit for mass flow rate of 3.5 kg/s.
15. What is isothermal flow in constant area duct with friction and
explain the difference between isothermal flow and fanno flow.
(or)
16. Air having Mach number of 5 is decelerated in a 7.5 cm internal
diameter pipe to Mach number 3. Compute the length of pipe
which will cause the deceleration if f=0.055 and = 1.4.
17. What is Rankin-Hugoniot equation and explain the comparison of

Rankin-Hugnonoit with isentropic relations.
(or)
18. With a neat sketch explain the supersonic wind tunnel with shock
at the diffuser throat.
19. State the properties of solid and liquid propellant.

(or)
20. Explain the types of propellant feed system with suitable diagram.
Register Number

Sub. Code :615503 (2007-08-09) Time : 3 Hours
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
PART - A (10 x 2 = 20)

1. State the difference between compressible fluid and
incompressible fluid?
2. A plane travels at a speed of 2400km/hr in an atmosphere of 5C.

Find the Mach angle?
3. What is choked flow through a nozzle?
4. Differentiate nozzle and diffuser?
5. List out the assumptions made for Raleigh flow?
6. What are the three equations governing Fanno process?
7. Give the Prandtl Meyer relation?
8. Write down the static pressure ratio expression for a normal

shock?
9. What is monopropellant? Give one example for it.
10. State the weight flow ratio.
PART B (5 x 12 = 60)
11. Derive an expression for the acoustic velocity of a compressible
fluid flow in terms of its Temperature?
(or)
12. An aircraft flies at 800km/hr at an altitude of 10,000 meters
(T=223 K, P=0.264 bar). The air is reversibly compressed in an inlet
diffuser. If the mach number at the exit of the diffuser is 0.36
determine
(a) Entry Mach number.
(b) Velocity at diffuser exit.
(c) Pressure of air diffuser exit.
(d) Temperature of air diffuser exit.
13. Air is discharged from a receiver at P = 6.91 bar and T = 325C

through a nozzle to an exit Pressure of 0.98 bar. If the flow rate is
3600 kg/hr. Determine for isentropic flow
(a) Area , pressure and velocity at the throat
(b) Area and mach number at exit.
(c) Maximum possible velocity.
(or)
14. A conical air diffuser has an inlet area of 0.16 m and an exit area
of 0.44. Air enters the Diffuser with a static pressure of 0.18 MPa,
static temperature of 37C and velocity of 267 m/s. Calculate
(a)The mass flow rate of air through the diffuser
(b) The mach number, static temperature and static pressure
of the air Leaving diffuser.
(c) The net thrust acting upon the diffuser due to diffusion.
15. Air enters a combustion chamber with certain Mach number.

Sufficient heat is added to Obtain a stagnation temperature ratio
of 3 and a final mach number of 0.8. Determine mach Number at
entry and the percentage loss in static pressure. Take = 1.4 and
C p =1.005KJ/KgK.
(or)
16. A long pipe of 25.4 mm diameter has mean co-efficient friction of
0.003. Air enters the pipe At mach number of 2.5, stagnation
temperature of 310K and static pressure of 0.507 bar. Determine
for a section at which the Mach number reaches 1.2
(a) Static pressure and static temperature
(c) Velocity of air
(d) Distance of this section from inlet
(e) Mass flow rate
Assume the flow is isothermal.
17. Air is enter in to supersonic wind tunnel at nozzle throat area of

200 cm2 and test cross Sectional area of 330 cm2. If the normal
shock is located in the test section, find the following
(a) Test section mach number
(b) Diffuser throat area
(or)
18. A convergent divergent nozzle is designed to expand air from a
reservoir in which pressure Is 800KPa and temperature is 40C to
give a mach number at exit of 2.5. The throat area is 25 cm2. Find
(a) Mass flow rate
(b) Exit area
(c) When normal shock appears at a section where the area
is 40 cm2 determine the pressure and temperature at exit.
19. Compare solid and liquid propelled rocket systems. Also explain
how a solid propellant Engine works.
(or)
20. (a) Explain the working principle of a Ram jet engine with a neat
sketch.
(b) Give the difference with merits and demerits of a turboprop
and turbojet engine.
Register Number

Sub. Code :615503 (2006-07-08-09) Time : 3 Hours
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
PART - A (10 x 2 = 20)

1. Express the stagnation enthalpy in terms of static enthalpy and
velocity of flow.
2. When air is released adiabatically from a tyre, the temperature of
air at the nozzle exit is 37C below that of air inside the tyre.
Neglecting irreversibility calculate the exit velocity or air.
3. Explain the difference between Fanno flow and isothermal flow.
4. Sketch the Rayleigh line on the T-s plane and explain the
significance of it.
5. Define Strength of a Shock wave.
6. Explain how the pitot tube could be used to measure the Mach
number in supersonic flow.
7. Sketch the thrust and propulsive efficiency variation against the

speed ratio for a turbo jet engine.
8. Briefly explain thrust augmentation and any two methods of

achieving it.
9. Give any two advantages and disadvantages of rockets compared

to air breathing engines.
10. Sketch the isentropic and actual expansion through a nozzle and
give the expression for nozzle efficiency.
PART B (5 x 12 = 60)
11. Derive the energy equation.
2
a 2 C 2 C max a02 a *2 r 1

r 1 2 2 r 1 2 r 1
(or)
12. An air jet at 400 K has sonic velocity, Determine (a) Velocity of
sound at 400 K, (b) Velocity of sound at stagnation condition (c)
maximum velocity of jet (d) stagnation enthalphy and (e) crocco
number.
13. Derive an expression for mass flow rate through varying cross
sectional passage for isentropic flow interms of pressure ratio.
(or)
14. A supersonic wind tunnel is designed for M = 2 with a throat
section 890 cm2. The air at 1.2 bar and 25C is supplied with
negligible velocity. Find the mass flow rate, the area of test
section and the fluid property at the throat and test section.
15. Adiabatic flow of air takes place in a constant area duct. Because
of friction, the Mach number increases from 0.3 to 0.7. The initial
temperature of air is 400 K and the pressure is 20 bar. Determine
(a) the final pressure (b) the final temperature (c) the ratio of
density and (d) mass flow per unit cross section.
(or)
16. (a) What are the effects of heat addition and removal from a gas
during Rayleigh flow?
(b) Prove that in a Rayleigh line at maximum entropy point Mach
number is unity.
17. Starting from energy equation derive Prandt Mayer equation.

(or)
18. Estimate the Mach number, pressure, temperature and velocity
of a gas at the downstream of a shock if the gas at the upstream
of the shock has a pressure of 2 bar at 275 K. The upstream Mach
number is 1.8. The specific heat ratio for gas is 1.3 while R is 469
J/kgK.
19. (a) With T S diagram, explain the working of a turbo jet system.
(b) Give the differences with merits and demerits of turbo prop
and turbo jet engine.
(or)
20. (a) Write briefly on rocket engine performance.
(b) What are the properties of liquid propellants?
Register Number

Sub. Code :615503(2007/2008/2009) Time : 3 Hours
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
PART - A (10 x 2 = 20)

1. Define Mach number
2. What is stagnation state?
3. Differentiate isentropic and adiabatic processes.
4. What is the equation for mass flow rate in terms of area ratio?
5. Draw h-s diagram for a Fanno line or curve.
6. Explain mass flow density.
7. What are the drawbacks with shock waves?
8. What is the equation for Mach number downstream of the

normal shock wave?
9. What are the types of aircraft engines?
10. What are the advantages of hybrid rockets( any two)?

PART B (5 x 12 = 60)
11. An air craft flies at 800 kmph, at an altitude of 10,000 meters ( T=
223.15K, p = 0.264 bar ). The air is reversibly compressed in an
inlet diffuser. If the Mach number at the exit of the diffuser is
0.36, determine a) entry Mach number and b) velocity, pressure
and temperature of air at the diffuser exit.
(or)
12. Explain Mach angle for incompressible, subsonic, sonic and
supersonic flows.
13. Derive an equation for Mach number variation.

(or)
14. A conical diffuser has entry and exit diameters of 15 cm and 30
cm respectively. The pressure, temperature and velocity of air at
entry are 0.69 bar, 340 K and 180 m/sec respectively. Determine
(a) the exit pressure (b) the exit velocity and (c) the force exerted
on the diffuser walls. Assume isentropic flow, = 1.4, Cp = 1.00
KJ/kg-K.
15. Air at p0 = 10 bar, T0 = 400 K is supplied to a 50 mm diameter pipe.

The friction factor for the pipe surface is 0.002. If the Mach
number changes from 3.0 at the entry to 1.0 at the exit determine
(a) the length of the pipe and (b) the mass flow rate.
(or)
16. Derive variation of flow properties equations for density,
temperature and velocity.
17. The state of a gas ( = 1.3, R = 0.469 KJ/kg-K) upstream of normal
shock wave is given by the following data:
Mx = 2.5, px=2 bar, Tx =275K
Calculate the Mach number, pressure and temperature of the gas
downstream of the shock.
(or)
18. Derive the Rankine-Hugoniot equations.
19. The diameter of the propeller of an aircraft is 2.5 m. It flies at a

speed of 500 kmph at an altitude of 8000m. For a flight to jet
speed ratio of 0.75 determine (a) the flow rate of air through the
propeller, (b) thrust produced and (c) specific thrust.
(or)
20. Explain (a) Monopropellants (b) Bipropellants and c)Oxidizers.
Register Number

Sub. Code :615503(2008/2009) Time : 3 Hours
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
PART - A (10 x 2 = 20)

1. Define Static and Stagnation Enthalpy.
3. What is the type of nozzle required to achieve supersonic

velocity?
4. What do you mean by nozzle choking?
6. Explain briefly the choking in fanno flow.
7. Can shock wave exist in subsonic flow? Why?
8. How do entropy and velocity vary across a normal shock wave?
9. List the different type of Jet engines.

Turbo-jet aircrafts? Show the various process occurring in the
engine on a T-s diagram.
PART B (5 x 12 = 60)

Mach number is 2.5, determine for adiabatic flow of a perfect gas
( = 1.3, R = 0.467kJ/kg K)
(b) The temperature and velocity of gas at exit
(c) The flow ratio per square meter of the inlet cross
section.
(or)
12. (a) Derive the energy equation Stating the assumptions used/
(b) An air ( = 1.4, R = 287kJ/kg K) at 400K has sonic velocity.
Determine
(i) velocity of sound at 400K
(ii) maximum velocity of the jet
(iii) Stagnation enthalpy
13. A convergent-divergent nozzle is designed to expand air from a
chamber in which the pressure is 800 kPa and the temperature is
40C to give a Mach number of 2.6. The throat area of the nozzle
is 0.08 m2. Find
(a) the exit area of the nozzle,
(b) mass flow rate through the nozzle when operating under
design conditions,
(c) the design back pressure and
(d) the lowest back pressure for which there is only subsonic flow
in the nozzle.
(or)
14. Pressure, velocity and temperature of air ( = 1.4, Cp=1.0 kJ/kg K)
at the entry of the nozzle are 2 bar, 145m/s and 330K. exit
pressure is 1.5 bar.
(a) What is the shape of nozzle?
(b) Mach number at the entry and exit and
(c) flow rate and maximum possible flow rate. Assume isentropic
flow.

meters (P = 1.03 bar, T = 216.65K). The compression in its engine
is partly achieved by a normal shock wave standing at the entry
of its diffuser. Determine immediately downstream of the shock.
(a) Mach number
(b) Temperature of the air
(c) Pressure of the air
(or)
shock obtain the following relations
CxCy = a*2
M*xM*y = 1
17. A turbojet engine works at a Mach number of 1.3 at an altitude of

15250 m. A normal shock occurs ahead of the inlet diffuser.
Determine the Mach number and stagnation pressure after the
shock. What is the percentage of stagnation pressure loss after
the shock (at z = 15250 m, T = 218 K, P=0.118 bar)
(or)
18. A normal shock wave occurs in air flow at a point where the
velocity is 680 m/s the static pressure is 80 kPa. Static
temperature is 60C. Find the velocity, static temperature down
stream of the shock. Also find the stagnation pressure upstream
and downstream of the shock.

suitable sketches.
(b) Differentiate Turbojet and Turboprop.
(or)
20. (a) What is a by-pass engine. What are its main advantages and
disadvantages.
(b) The following data refers to a turbo jet flying at an altertude
of 10,000m. Speed of turbojet = 900km/h. Propulsive
efficiency = 58%. Overall efficiency = 18%. Density of air =
0.17kg/m2. Drag on plane = 6.2kN.
(i) Absolute velocity of jet
(ii) Diameter of jet
(iii) Propulsive power
Register Number

Sub. Code :615503(2009) Time : 3 Hours
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
PART - A (10 x 2 = 20)

1. What is crocco number?
2. What are the various types waves?
3. Write the equation for area ratio in terms of Mach number.
4. What is the equation for non-dimensional mass flow rate in terms

of pressure ratio?
5. Explain Fanno flow.
6. Differentiate Fanno flow and Rayleigh flow.
7. Define a normal shock wave.
8. Write the Rankine-Hugoniot equation for density ratio across the

shock.
9. What are the advantages of the turbojet engines?
10. What are the types of rocket engines (name any two)?
PART B (5 x 12 = 60)
11. Derive Bernoullis equation for isentropic incompressible flows.

(or)
12. An air craft flies at 800 kmph, at an altitude of 10,000 meters ( T=
223.15K, p = 0.264 bar ). The air is reversibly compressed in an
0.36, determine a) entry Mach number and b) velocity, pressure
13. A supersonic diffuser, diffuses air in an isentropic flow from a

Mach number of 3 to a Mach number of 1.5. The static conditions
of air at inlet are 70 kPa and 266 K . If the mass flow rate of air is
125 kg/sec. Determine (a) stagnation conditions (b) areas at
throat and exit (c) static conditions of air at exit.
(or)
14. Derive an equation for Mach number variation.
15. Explain the Fanno curves with diagram.

(or)
16. Derive Reyleigh flow equations for impulse function, stagnation
temperature and stagnation temperature.
17. Derive an expression for stagnation pressure ratio across the

shock.
(or)
Mx = 2.5, px=2 bar, Tx =275K
19. Explain Solid propellant rocket motors.

(or)
speed ratio of 0.75 determine a) the flow rate of air through the
propeller, b) thrust produced and c) specific thrust.
Register Number

Sub. Code :615503 Time : 3 Hours
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
PART - A (10 x 2 = 20)

3. A subsonic nozzle can act as a supersonic diffuser Substantiate

this statement.
4. Define the various regimes of flow in detail.
5. Write few applications of fanno and rayleigh flow.
6. Differentiate between fanno and rayleigh flow.
8. Differentiate between normal shock wave and oblique shock

wave in a flow field.
PART B (5 x 12 = 60)

Calculate:

(or)
for ? = 1.4, (P? P)/ (0.5? C2) = 1+0.25 M2 +0.025 M4+
13. Following quantities are given at the entry and exit of a passage:
Entry: P1 = 2.07 bar, T1 = 300K, M1 = 1.4
Exit: M2 = 2.5
Assuming isentropic flow of an ideal gas
( = 1.4, R = 287J/KgK). Determine
(a) Velocity of sound at stagnation conditions,
(b) Maximum velocity
(c) Mach number M1* and M2*
(d) Temperature and pressure at exit
(e) Crocco number
(f) Maximum flow rate
(or)
14. A supersonic nozzle expands air flow p0 = 25 bar and T0 = 1050K
to an exit pressure of 4.35 bar; the exit area of the nozzle is 100
cm2. Determine
(a) Throat area;
(b) Pressure and temperature at the throat;
(c) Temperature at exit
(d) Exit velocity as fraction of the maximum attainable velocity,
(e) Maximum mass flow rate
(f) Entry and Exit mach numbers.
(e) diameter and length of the duct

(f) pressure and temperature at the exit
(g) stagnation pressure loss & percentage stagnation pressure
loss
(h) exit velocity and temperature
(or)
17. (a) Starting from the energy equation for flow through a normal
shock obtain the following relation: Cx Cy = a*2 Mx* My* = 1
(10)
(b) Write down the four basic equations which satisfy the state
points before and after a normal shock wave.
(2)
(or)
18. (a) Derive the Rankine-Hugoniot relation for a normal shock wave.
(9)
(b) Why are expansion shock impossible? (3)

turbo jet? (4)
(or)
Course & Branch: B.E Mechanical (Part Time)

Title of the paper: Gas Dynamics and Jet Propulsion
Semester: III Max. Marks: 80
Sub.Code: 615PT303 (2006/2007 JAN) Time: 3 Hours
PART A (10 x 2 = 20)

1. Define Static and Stagnation Enthalpy.
4. Give the energy equation governing flow through an adiabatic

diffuser. Show the h-s diagram.
6. Explain briefly the choking in fanno flow.
7. Define Normal shock.
8. Give the expression for Py/Px in terms of Mach number across

the shock.
9. List the different type of Jet engines.
Turbo-jet aircrafts? Show the various process occurring in the
engine on a T-s diagram.
PART B (5 x 12 = 60)
Mach number is 2.5, determine for adiabatic flow of a perfect gas
( = 1.3, R = 0.467kJ/kg K)
(b) The temperature and velocity of gas at exit
(c) The flow ratio per square meter of the inlet cross
section.
(or)
12. (a) Derive the energy equation Stating the assumptions used/
(b) An air ( = 1.4, R = 287kJ/kg K) at 400K has sonic velocity.
Determine
(i) velocity of sound at 400K
(ii) maximum velocity of the jet
(iii) Stagnation enthalpy
13. A nozzle in a wind tunnel gives a test section Mach number of 2.0.
Air enters the nozzle from a large reservoir at 0.69 bar and 325K.
The cross sectional area of the throat is 1000cm2. Determine the
flow.
(a) Pressure, temperature and velocities at the throat and
test section.
(b) Area of the cross section of the test section
(c) Mass flow rate
(d) Power required to drive the compressor
(or)
14. Describe the behavior of flow with a suitable sketch in a
convergent-divergent nozzle when it is operating at
(a) Design pressure ratio
(b) Pressure ratio higher than the design value
(c) Pressure ratio low than the design value
meters (P = 1.03 bar, T = 216.65K). The compression in its engine
is partly achieved by a normal shock wave standing at the entry
of its diffuser. Determine immediately downstream of the shock.
(a) Mach number
(b) Temperature of the air
(c) Pressure of the air
(or)
shock obtain the following relations
CxCy = a*2
M*xM*y = 1
17. A long pipe of 25.4mm diameter has a mean coefficient of friction

of 0.002. Air enters the pipe at a Mach number of 2.5, Stagnation
temperature 310K and Static pressure 0.507 bar. Determine for a
section at which the Mach number reaches 1.2
(a) Static pressure and temperature
(c) Velocity of air
(d) Distance of this section from the inlet
(or)
18. The conditions of a gas in a combustor at entry are P1 = 0.343 bar,
T1 = 350K, C1 = 60m/s. Determine the Mach number, pressure,
temperature and velocity at the exit if the increase in Stagnation
enthalpy of the gas between entry and exit is 1172.5kJ/kg. Take
Cp = 1.005kJ/kg, = 1.4.

suitable sketches.
(b) Differentiate Turbojet and Turboprop.
(or)
20. (a) What is a by-pass engine. What are its main advantages and
disadvantages.
(b) The following data refers to a turbo jet flying at an
altertude of 10,000m. Speed of turbojet = 900km/h.
Propulsive efficiency = 58%. Overall efficiency = 18%.
Density of air = 0.17kg/m2. Drag on plane = 6.2kN.
(i) Absolute velocity of jet
(ii) Diameter of jet
(iii) Propulsive power
Register Number
Course & Branch :B.E - P-MECH

Sub. Code :615PT303 (2007-08-09-2010) Time : 3 Hours
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
PART - A (10 x 2 = 20)

1. Define the term: Stagnation state of the fluid.
2. What is the significance of Mach number?
3. Define the terms: critical state and critical pressure ratio.
4. Sketch the expansion process in a Nozzle with a T-S diagram?
5. In Rayleigh flow heating beyond M=1 is not possible- True/false.
6. Explain briefly friction choking in a fluid flow passage.

9. What is meant by Thrust Augmentation?
10. Compare solid and liquid propellant rockets.
PART B (5 x 12 = 60)
11. Air (= 1.4 , R = 287.43J/kgK) enters a straight axis- symmetric
duct at 300K, 3.45 bar and 150 m/s and leaves it at 277K,2.058bar
and 260 m/s. The area of cross section at the entry is 500
cm2.Assuming adiabatic flow determine: (a) stagnation
temperature, (b) maximum velocity, (c) mass flow rate, and (d)
area of cross section at exit.
(or)
12. a) What is the effect of mach number on the compressibility?
Prove for =1.4, (P0-P)/ (0.5 c2 )=1+M2/ 4+M4/40+
Entry: P1=2.07 bar, T1=300K, M1=1.4 and Exit: M 2=2.5,
Assuming isentropic flow of an ideal gas (=1.4, R=287 J/KgK).
Determine : (a) Velocity of sound at stagnation conditions, (b)
Maximum velocity, (c) Mach number M1* and M2* , (d)
Temperature and pressure at exit and (e) Maximum flow
rate.(2+2+3+3+2)
(or)
14. A conical diffuser has entry and exit diameters of 15 cm and 30
cm respectively. The pressure, temperature and velocity of air at
entry are 0.69 bar, 340K and 180 m/s respectively. Assuming
isentropic flow (= 1.4, Cp = 1000 J/kgK), determine: (a) the exit
pressure (b) exit velocity and (c)the force exerted on the diffuser
walls .
15. A circular duct passes 8.25 kg/s of air at an exit Mach number of
0.5.The entry pressure and temperature are 3.45 bar and 38C
respectively and the coefficient of friction 0.005.If the Mach
number at entry is 0.15, determine: (a) diameter and length of the
duct, (b) pressure and temperature at the exit, (c) stagnation
pressure loss and exit velocity of air.
(or)
16. The Mach number at the exit of a combustion chamber is 0.9.The
ratio of stagnation temperatures at the exit and entry is 3.74.If
the pressure and temperature of the gas at exit are 2.5 bar and
1000C respectively, determine (a) Mach number, pressure and
temperature of gas at entry, (b) the heat supplied per kg of the
gas and (c) the maximum heat that can be supplied.
(6+3+3)
17. Starting from the energy equation, for flows through a normal
shock , obtain the following relation: (C x )(Cy )= a*2 and (M
* *
x )( M y ) =1
(or)
18. Derive the Rankine- Hugoniot relation for a normal shock wave.
19. Describe the working of a Turbojet engine with a neat sketch.

What are its merits and demerits?
(or)
20. With neat sketches, explain the general working of following
rocket engines: a) Liquid Propellant Engine and (b) Solid
Propellant Engine.
Register Number

Title of the Paper : Gas Dynamics and Jet Propulsion Max. Marks:80
Sub. Code : 615PT303 (2008-2009-2010) Time : 3 Hours
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
PART - A (10 x 2 = 20)

1. What are the various types waves?
2. Draw curve for various regions of flow.
3. Draw temperature entropy diagram for compression processes.
4. Draw curve for variation of throat pressure ratio for a convergent

nozzle-divergent nozzle ( = 1.4).
5. Define Fannings coefficient of skin friction factor.
6. What are the assumptions made in the analysis of Rayleigh

process?
7. Draw curve for change of entropy across a normal shock wave.
8. Draw the curve for comparison of the Rankine-Hugoniot and

isentropic relations.
9. What are the advantages of the turbojet engines?
10. Name the propellants used in liquid propulsion.
PART B (5 x 12 = 60)
11. An air craft flies at 800 kmph, at an altitude of 10,000 meters (T=
223.15K, p = 0.264 bar). The air is reversibly compressed in an
0.36, determine (a) entry Mach number and (b) velocity, pressure
(or)
12. Derive Bernoullis equation for isentropic incompressible flows.
13. Air flowing at the rate of 1.15 kg/sec with an approach velocity of
80m/sec, is expanded in a convergent divergent nozzle. The static
properties of air at inlet are 412 kPa and 160C. The static
pressure at exit is 103 kPa. Calculate the required throat and exit
area for isentropic flow.
(or)
14. Derive an equation for non-dimensional mass flow rate in terms
of pressure ratio.
15. Air at p0 = 10 bar, T0 = 400 K is supplied to a 50 mm diameter pipe.

The friction factor for the pipe surface is 0.002. If the Mach
number changes from 3.0 at the entry to 1.0 at the exit determine
(a) the length of the pipe and (b) the mass flow rate.
(or)
16. The conditions of a gas in a combustion chamber at entry are: p1
= 0.343 bar, T1=310 K, c1= 60 m/sec. Determine the Mach number,
pressure, temperature and velocity at the exit if the increase in
stagnation enthalpy of the gas between entry and exit is 1172.5
KJ/kg. Take = 1.4, Cp = 1.005 KJ/kg-K.

Mx = 2.5, px=2 bar, Tx =275K
(or)
18. The velocity of a normal shock wave moving into stagnant air (p =
1.0 bar, t = 17C) is 500m/sec. If the area of cross-section of the
duct is constant. Determine (a) pressure (b) temperature and (c)
velocity of air.

speed ratio of 0.75 determine (a) the flow rate of air through the
propeller, (b) thrust produced and (c) specific thrust.
(or)
20. Explain Solid propellant rocket motors.
Course & Branch: B.E Mechanical(Part Time)
Semester: III Max.Marks: 80
Sub.Code: 615PT303(2006-2007-2008) Time: 3 Hours
PART A (10 x 2 = 20)

2. What is the advantage of using M* instead of M in some cases?

this statement.
5. In Rayleigh flow heating beyond M = 1 is not possible-True/false.
6. Explain briefly friction choking in a fluid flow passage.

9. Why does a ram jet engine not require a compressor and a

turbine?
10. What is a monopropellant? Give an example.

PART B (5 x 12 = 60)
11. In a settling chamber air is at p0 = 15 bar, T0 = 500K. Determine

the value of h0, a0, Cmax, T*, C* and a*. Which type of flow has
been assumed in the calculations?
(or)
12. (a) What is the effect of mach number on the compressibility?
Prove for = 1.4,
p0 p 1 M 2
M4
.....
0 .5 c
2
4 40 (8)
(b) Show that for M = 0.6, the derivation between the

compressible and incompressible flow values of pressure
coefficient of a perfect gas ( = 1.4) is about 9.3%. (4)
Entry: P1 = 2.07 bar, T1 = 300K, M1 = 1.4
Exit: M2 = 2.5
(g) Velocity of sound at stagnation conditions,
(h) Maximum velocity
(i) Mach number M1* and M2*
(j) Temperature and pressure at exit
(k) Crocco number
(l) Maximum flow rate
(or)
cm2. Determine
(a) Throat area;

of 0.003. Air enters the pipe at a Mach number of 2.5, stagnation
temperature of 310K and static pressure of 0.057 bar. Determine
for a section at which the mach number reaches 1.2,
(a) Static pressure and Temperature;
(b) Stagnation pressure and Temperature
(c) Velocity of air
(d) Distance of the section from the inlet, and
(e) Mass flow rate of air
(or)
16. (a) Plot rayleigh line on T-s plane with all necessary details. (4)
(b) The condition of a gas in a combuster at entry are: P1 = 0.343

bar, T1 = 310K, C1 = 60m/s. Determine the mach number,
pressure, temperature and velocity at the exit if the increase in
stagnation enthalpy of the gas between entry and exit is 1172.5
kj/kg. Take Cp = 1005J/KgK, = 1.4. (8)
(10)
(2)
(or)
(9)

19. (a) Describe the working of a ramjet engine. What are its merits
and demerits?
(10)
(b) What is a scram jet engine? (2)
(or)
20. With neat sketches, explain the general working of following
rocket engines:
(a) Liquid propellant engine
(b) Hybrid engine
Register Number

Sub. Code :615PT303(2007-08-09-10) Time : 3 Hours
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
PART - A (10 x 2 = 20)

1. Define stagnation temperature.
2. Define Mach number.
3. What are the types of nozzles used for sonic and supersonic flow?
4. What you mean by chocked flow through a nozzle?
5. What are the assumptions made for Rayleigh flow?
6. Sketch the process of Fanno flow on an enthalpy entropy diagram

and write the equation of the same.
7. What is meant by shock wave?

8. What are the applications of moving shock wave?
9. List out the difference between jet propulsion and rocket

propulsion.
10. What is monopropellant? Give an example.

PART B (5 x 12 = 60)
11. A supersonic air craft is flying horizontally at an altitude of 3000m
with a constant flight speed of 2000 km/h. the aircraft passes
directly over a ground observation post. Find the time taken to
hear the sound waves from the aircraft at the observation post
after it has passed directly over it. Assume average temperature
of air below 3000m altitude is 27C.
(or)
12. Air flow through a duct at a pressure of 0.196 MPa with a velocity
350 m/s. the temperature of air is 40C. Determine the isentropic
stagnation pressure, temperature and density.
13. The pressure, temperature and Mech number of air at entry to a

flow passage are 0.25 MPa, 27C and 1.4 respectively. If the exit
Mach number is 2.0, determine the stagnation and static
temperature of the air and flow rate per unit area at inlet and exit.
Assume isentropic flow.
(or)
14. A conical diffuser has an inlet diameter of 40 cm and outlet
diameter of 80 cm. Air enters the diffuser with a static pressure
of 2bar and static temperature of 37C. The average velocity of
flow at inlet to the diffuser is 265 m/s. Calculate mass flow rate,
properties at the exit section and force exerted on the diffuser
walls.
15. Air at inlet to an insulated constant area duct of diameter 160mm

has a Mach number of 0.36. The mean friction factor of the duct
for the flow condition is 0.0025. What length of the pipe would
give a 10% loss in stagnation pressure? What is the Mach number
at the corresponding exit section? What is the percentage loss in
stagnation pressure, if the flow exceeds to sonic condition?
(or)
16. The combustion chamber in a gas turbine plant receives air at
300K, 55 KPa and 60m/s. the fuel air ratio is 29 and the calorific
value of the fuel is 42 MJ/kg assuming = 1.4 and R = 0.287 kJ/kg-
K for the gas determine
(a) Mach number at inlet and exit
(b) pressure, temperature and velocity of the gas at exit of
combustion chamber.
(c) percentage of loss in stagnation pressure
(d) maximum attainable stagnation temperature.
17. What are the assumptions made in the analysis of a Prandtl-
Mayer flow? Starting from the geometry obtain an expression for
the Prandtl-Mayer function.
(or)
18. Air at a pressure of 50KPa and a temperature of 300K is to be
isentropically expanded form a Mach number of 1.5 to achieve a
pressure of 20 kPa. Find the flow deflection angle required. Also
find the final Mach number and temperature of the gas.
19. Explain the working of a turboprop engine with the help of a

sketch. Explain why this engine cannot be used for high speed
applications.
(or)
20. With a neat sketch explain the working of a hybrid rocket engine.
Register Number

Sub. Code :615PT303(2007/2008/2009/2010) Time : 3 Hours
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
PART - A (10 x 2 = 20)


this statement.
5. What are the applications of Rayleigh flow?
6. Show Fanno line in a h-s diagram.


PART B (5 x 12 = 60)

Calculate:

(or)
for ? = 1.4, (P? P)/ (0.5? C2) = 1+0.25 M2 +0.025 M4+
Entry: P1 = 2.07 bar, T1 = 300K, M1 = 1.4
Exit: M2 = 2.5
(m) Velocity of sound at stagnation conditions,
(n) Maximum velocity
(o) Mach number M1* and M2*
(p) Temperature and pressure at exit
(q) Crocco number
(r) Maximum flow rate
(or)
cm2. Determine
(a) Throat area;
(i) diameter and length of the duct

(j) pressure and temperature at the exit
(k) stagnation pressure loss & percentage stagnation pressure
loss
(l) exit velocity and temperature
(or)
(10)
(2)
(or)
(9)
turbo jet? (4)
(or)
Register Number

Sub. Code :615PT303(2009/2010) Time : 3 Hours
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
PART A (10 x 2 = 20)


2. Show various regions of flow graphically.
3. What is meant by isentropic flow with variable area?
4. What is impulse functions and give its uses?
8. How the properties changes across a normal shock?
9. When Ramjet engine is preferred?
10. What are the different types of rocket engine?
PART B (5 x 12 = 60)
11. Air (Cp = 1.05 KJ/kgK, r = 1.38) at P1 = 3 x 103N/m2 and T1 = 500 k
flows with a velocity of 200 m/sec in a 30 cm diameter duct.
Calculate
(a) mass flow rate
(b) stagnation temperature
(c) Mach number and
(d) stagnation pressure.
Assuming the flow as compressible and incompressible.
(or)
12. Derive the energy equation
a2 1 2 1 2 a 02
c c max h0
r 1 2 2 r 1
Sating the assumptions used

Air enters the nozzle form a large reservoir a 0.69bar and 310K.
The cross-sectional area of the throat is 1000 cm2. Determine the
following quantities for the tunnel for one-dimensional isentropic
flow:
(a) Pressures, temperatures and velocities at the throat and the
test section (6)
(b) Area of cross section of the test section (2)
(c) Mass flow rate and the Power required to drive the
compressor. (4)
(or)
14. The pressure, velocity and temperature of the air (? = 1.4, CP =
1.0 kJ/kgK) at the entry of a nozzle are 2 bar, 145 m/s and 330K.
The pressure at the exit is 1.5 bar.
(a) What is shape of the nozzle. (4)
(b) Determine for isentropic flow:
(i) Mach number at entry and exit (4) (ii)
Flow rate and maximum possible flow rate. (4)
15. A circular duct passes 8.25 kg/sec of air at an exit Mach number
of 0.5. The entry pressure and temperature are 3.45 bar and 38C
number at entry is 0.15 determine
(a) The diameter of the duct
(b) length of the duct
(c) pressure and temperature at exit
(d) stagnation pressure loss.
(or)
16. The condition of a gas in a combustor at entry area P1 = 0.343 bar,
T1 = 310K, C1 = 60m/sec. Determine the Mach number, pressure,
temperature and velocity at exit if the increase in stagnation
enthalpy of gas between entry and exit is 1172.5 kJ/kg. Take CP =
1.005 kJ/kgK, r = 1.4
17. An aircraft flies at a Mach number of 1.2 at an altitude of 1600m

where static pressure and temperature are 103 m bar and
216.65K. The compression in its engine is partly achieved by a
normal shock wave standing at the entry of its diffuser. Determine
immediately downstream of the shock:
(a) Mach number
(c) pressure of air
(d) stagnation pressure loss across the shock (4x3
= 12)
(or)
18. A jet of air at 275K and 0.69 bar has an initial mach number of 2.0,
when it passes through a normal shock wave. Determine at the
downstream of the shock:
(a) Mach number
(b) pressure
(c) temperature
(d) density
(e) speed of sound
(f) jet velocity . (6x2 = 12)
19. With neat sketch explain the working of a turbojet aircraft show
the various process occurring in a T-S diagram.
(or)
20. Explain briefly the following
(a) Nuclear rocket
(b) Cigarette burning
(c) ICBM and IRBM

Sub. Code :615PT303 Time : 3 Hours
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
PART - A (10 x 2 = 20)

1. Define the following terms:

(a) Supersonic flow
(b) Crocco number
2. Distinguish between compressible flow from incompressible

flow.
3. Sketch on the T s plane isentropic and actual expansion of
compressible fluid and give the expression for nozzle efficiency.
4. Define terms under expansion and over expansion with

reference to nozzles.
5. Sketch the fanno line on the T-S plane. Explain the significance
on it.
6. What is thermal choking?
7. Why are shock waves not developed in subsonic Flow?
8. How do properties change across a normal shock?
9. Define propeller efficiency of an aircraft engine.
10. Define specific impulse of a rocket engine.
PART B (5 x 12 = 60)
11. Air (Cp = 1005 J/KgK, = 1.4) at P1 = 5 bar, T1 = 400K flows with a
velocity of 200 m/s in a 30 cm diameter duct, calculate:
(a) Mass flow rate, (2)
(b) stagnation temperature, (2)
(c) Mach number, (2)
(d) stagnation pressure values assuming the flow as compressible
(e) crocco number. (2)
(or)
12. (a) What is the difference between the Bernoullis equation and
the steady flow energy equation? (2)
(b) Derive the following energy equation

1
p 0 p 1 2 p 0
p
0
C 0
1 p 0 2 1 (10)
13. (a) Starting from the continuity equation derive the expression for
the area variation in terms of mach number and velocity variation
and hence obtain the shape (geometry) for both subsonic and
supersonic nozzles and diffusers. (4)
(b) Describe the behaviour of flow in a convergent divergent

nozzle. (8)
(or)
14. A nozzle in a wind tunnel gives a test section mach number of 3.
Air enters the nozzle from a large reservoir at 0.69 bar and 310K.
The cross sectional area of the throat is 500 cm2. Determine the
flow:
(a) Pressures, temperatures and velocities at the throat and test
sections. (6)
(b) Area of cross section of test section (2)
(c) Mass flow rate (2)
(d) Power required for diving the compressor. (2)
15. A circular duct passes 10 Kg/s of air at an exit mach number of

0.8. The entry pressure and temperature are 4 bar and 50C
respectively and coefficient of friction is 0.005. If the mach
number at entry is 0.3, determine:
(a) the diameter of the duct and its length (4)
(b) Pressure and temperature at the exit
(4)
(c) Stagnation pressure loss (2)
(d) Change of entropy between inlet and exit sections (2)
(or)
16. The data for a combustion chamber employing a hydrocarbon
fuel is given below:
Entry: Gas velocity = 180 m/s, pressure = 6 bar,
Temperature = 400K
Exit: Mach number = 0.8. Take = 1.4, cp = 1005J/KgK for products
of combustion.
Calorific value of the fuel burnt = 100 MJ/kg. Determine:
(a) Entry Mach number (2)
(b) Pressure, temperature and velocity of the gas at exit (6)
(c) Stagnation pressure loss (2)
(d) Air-fuel ratio required (2)
17. An aircraft flies at a mach number of 3 at an altitude of 18000m

(p = 3 bar, T = 300 K). The compression in its engine is partly
achieved by a normal shock wave standing at the entry of its
diffuser. Determine immediately downstream of the shock:
(a) Mach number
(c) pressure of air and
(d) Stagnation pressure loss across shock.
(or)
18. A supersonic nozzle is provided with a constant diameter circular
duct at its exit. The duct diameter is same as the nozzle exit
diameter. Nozzle exit cross section is three times that of its throat.
The entry conditions of the gas ( = 1.4, R = 287 J/KgK) are p0 = 10
bar and T0 = 600K. Calculate the static pressure, Mach number
and the velocity of the gas in the duct:
(a) When the nozzle operates at its design condition
(b) When a normal shock occurs at a section in the diverging part
where the area ratio A/A* = 3.
19. Explain the working of following air breathing engines with

sketches:
(a) Turbo jet engine
(b) Pulse jet engine
(or)
20. (a) State briefly six important properties desired in a liquid
propellant.
(b) Explain briefly the following terms:
(i) Hypergolic propellants
(ii) UDMH and RFNA
(iii) JATO and RATO
Register Number
Course & Branch :B.E - P-MECH Max. Marks :80

Title of the Paper :Gas Dynamics and Jet Propulsion
Sub. Code :615PT303(2009/2010) Time : 3 Hours
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
PART - A (10 x 2 = 20)
1. What is the basic difference compressible and incompressible

flow?
2. Define Mach angle and Mach cone.
3. What is meant by isentropic flow with constant area?
4. Describe the function of nozzle and a diffuser.
5. What are the assumptions made in the Fanno flow?
6. Define Rayleigh line.
7. What is normal shock?
8. What is Prandtl-Mayer relation?
9. What is thrust coefficient?

10. Define Propulsive efficiency.
PART - B (5 x 12 = 60)
11. The jet of gas at 593K( = 1.3, R = 469 J/kgK) has a mach number
of 1.2. Determine for local and stagnation conditions of velocity
of sound and enthalpy. What is the maximum velocity of this jet.
(or)
12. Explain in detail about the effect of Mach number on
compressibility.
13. Derive the mass flow rate in terms of pressure ratio.

(or)
14. An air nozzle is to be designed for an exit mach number of 3.5.
The stagnation conditions for the isentropic flow are 800 Kpa and
240C. Estimate pressure, temperature, velocity and area at the
throat and exit for mass flow rate of 3.5 kg/s.
15. Air flows in an insulated duct with a mach number of M1 = 0.25.

At a section downstream entropy is greater by an amount of
0.124 kJ/kgK as a result of friction. What is the mach number at
this section? The static properties at inlet are 700 kPa and 60C.
Find the velocity, temperature and pressure at exit. Find
properties at critical section.
(or)
16. The stagnation temperature of air in a combustion chamber is
increased to 3.5 times its initial value. If the air at entry is at 5
bar, 105C and a mach number of 0.24. Determine (i) The mach
number, pressure and temperature at the exit. (ii) Stagnation
pressure loss (iii) heat supplied per kg of air.
17. What is Rankin-Hugoniot equation and explain the comparison of

Rankin-Hugnonoit with isentropic relations.
(or)
18. With a neat sketch explain the supersonic wind tunnel with shock
at the diffuser throat.
19. Explain the working principle of a turbojet engine with a neat

sketch. State the differences with merits and demerits of turbojet
and ramjet engine.
(or)
20. A rocket engine has the following data: Effective jet velocity:
1250 m/s, Flight to jet speed ratio = 0.8, Oxidizer flow rate = 3.5
kg/s, Fuel flow rate = 1kg/s, Heat reaction per kg of the exhaust
gases = 2500 kJ/kg. Find (i) thrust (ii) specific impulse (iii)
propulsive efficiency (iv) thermal efficiency (v) overall efficiency.
Register Number

Sub. Code :SMEX1015(2010/2011/2012) Time : 3 Hours
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
PART - A (10 x 2 = 20)

2. What is meant by Mach angle?

3. What is meant by choked flow?
4. For a supersonic nozzle the area ratio is positive. True or False?

Give Reason.
5. The flow Mach number can be increased to supersonic by means

of Fanno flow. True or False? Give Reason.
6. The entropy change for heating in a Rayleigh flow is always

positive. True or False? Give Reason.
7. The velocity after a normal shock is always subsonic. True or

False? Give Reason.
8. The flow velocity can be increased to supersonic velocity using a

convergent-divergent nozzle. True or False? Give Reason.
9. Define propulsive efficiency.
10. What is after burning in Turbojet engines.
PART - B (5 x 12 = 60)
11. The pressure temperature and Mach number at the entry of a
Mach number is 2.5 determine for adiabatic flow of a perfect gas
(=1.3, R=0.469 kJ/kgK)
(i) stagnation temperature
(ii) temperature and velocity of gas at exit
(iii) the flow rate per square meter of the inlet cross section
(or)
12. Starting from the Bernouli's equation, derive an expression for
the effect of Mach number on compressibility.
13. A nozzle in a wind tunnel gives a test-section Mach number of 2.0.

Air enters the nozzle from a large reservoir at 0.69 bar and 310
K. The cross section area of the throat is 1000cm2. Determine the
following quantities in the tunnel for a one dimensional isentropic
flow:
(i) pressures, temperatures and velocities of the throat and test
sections.
(ii) area of cross section of the test sections
(iii) mass flow rate
*iv)power required to drive the compressor.
(or)
14. Derive the non-dimensional mass flow rate in terms of pressure
ratio and estimate the value of the maximum mass flow rate..
15. A gas (-1.3, R=0.287 kJ/kgK) at P1=1 bar, T1=400K, enetrs a 30cm
diameter duct at a Mach number of 2. A normal shock occurs at
a Mach number of 1.5 and the exit Mach number is 1.0. If the
mean value of friction factor is 0.003 determine:
(i) lengths of the duct upstream and downstream of the shock
wave
(ii)mass flow rate of the gas and
(iii)change of entropy upstream of the shock, across the
shock and downstream of the shock.
(or)
16. A combustion chamber in a gas turbine plant receives air at 350K,
0.55 bar and 75 m/s. The air-fuel ratio is 2.9 and the calorific value
of the fuel is 41.87 MJ/kg. Taking =1.4 and R = 0.287 kJ/kg K for
gas determine
(i) the inlet and final Mach numbers
(ii) final pressure, temperature and velocity of the gas.
(iii) percent stage pressure loss in the combustion chamber
and
(iv) the maximum stagnation temperature attainable.
17. Derive the Prandtl-Meyer relation using the adiabatic energy

equation.
(or)
18. Derive an expression for the entropy change across a shock. Show
that it is impossible to have shock in a subsonic flow.
19. Describe the working of a Ramjet engine. Depict the various
thermodynamic process occurring in it on h-s diagram. What is
the effect of flight Mach number on its efficiency.
(or)
20. Explain with neat sketches, the following:
(a) Electrical rocket (b) Nuclear rocket
Register Number

Sub. Code :SMEX1015(2010/2011/2012/2013/2014)Time : 3 Hours
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
PART - A (10 x 2 = 20)

2. Define the terms (a) Supersonic flow , (b) Crocco number

3. What do you mean by chocked flow?
4. Describe the function of nozzle and diffuser.
5. Show the normal shock in h-s diagram with the help of Raleigh
line and Fanno line.
7. State two practical situations where obliques shock waves are

produced.
PART - B (5 x 12 = 60)
11. A diffuser has an area ratio of 1.5 to 1. The inlet mach number is
0.8. The initial pressure and temperature are 1 bar and 15C.
Assuming the flow to be isentropic, calculate the final pressure,
exit temperature and exit mach number.
(or)
velocity of 200 m/s in a 30 cm diameter duct, calculate: (a) Mass
flow rate, (b) stagnation temperature, (c) Mach number, (d)
stagnation pressure values assuming the flow as compressible
and incompressible respectively. (e) crocco number.

The cross sectional area of the throat is 1000 cm2. Determine
the following quantities for the tunnel for one-dimensional
isentropic flow: (a) Pressures, Temperatures and Velocities at the
throat and the test section. (b) Area of cross section of the test
section. (c) Mass flow rate in the test section.
(or)
14. The Mach number and the pressure at the entry of a subsonic
diffuser are 0.9 and 4.165 bar. Determine the area ratio required
and the pressure rise if the Mach number at the exit of diffuser is
0.20. Assume isentropic diffusion air.

temperature 310 K and static pressure 0.507 bar. Determine for a
section at which Mach number reaches 1.2,
(a) Static pressure and Static Temperature
(b) Stagnation Pressure and stagnation temperature
(c) Velocity of air and Distance of this section from inlet
(d) Mass Flow rate of air
(or)
Temperature = 400K
of combustion.
(a) Entry Mach number
(b) Pressure, temperature and velocity of the gas at exit
(c) Stagnation pressure loss
(d) Air-fuel ratio required
17. Derive the Rankine Hugoniot relation for a normal shock.
(or)
19. Describe six important properties, required for a chemical to be

used as a solid propellant in the rocket engine.
(or)
sketches:
(a) Turbo jet engine (b) Pulse jet engine
Register Number

Sub. Code :SMEX1015(2010/2011/2012/2013/2014)Time : 3 Hours
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
PART - A (10 x 2 = 20)

2. Define the terms (a) Supersonic flow , (b) Crocco number
4. Describe the function of nozzle and diffuser.
5. Show the normal shock in h-s diagram with the help of Raleigh
line and Fanno line.
7. State two practical situations where obliques shock waves are

produced.
PART - B (5 x 12 = 60)
11. A diffuser has an area ratio of 1.5 to 1. The inlet mach number is
0.8. The initial pressure and temperature are 1 bar and 15C.
Assuming the flow to be isentropic, calculate the final pressure,
exit temperature and exit mach number.
(or)
velocity of 200 m/s in a 30 cm diameter duct, calculate: (a) Mass
flow rate, (b) stagnation temperature, (c) Mach number, (d)
stagnation pressure values assuming the flow as compressible
and incompressible respectively. (e) crocco number.

The cross sectional area of the throat is 1000 cm2. Determine
the following quantities for the tunnel for one-dimensional
isentropic flow: (a) Pressures, Temperatures and Velocities at the
throat and the test section. (b) Area of cross section of the test
section. (c) Mass flow rate in the test section.
(or)
14. The Mach number and the pressure at the entry of a subsonic
diffuser are 0.9 and 4.165 bar. Determine the area ratio required
and the pressure rise if the Mach number at the exit of diffuser is
0.20. Assume isentropic diffusion air.

temperature 310 K and static pressure 0.507 bar. Determine for a
section at which Mach number reaches 1.2,
(a) Static pressure and Static Temperature
(b) Stagnation Pressure and stagnation temperature
(c) Velocity of air and Distance of this section from inlet
(d) Mass Flow rate of air
(or)
Temperature = 400K
of combustion.
(a) Entry Mach number
(b) Pressure, temperature and velocity of the gas at exit
(c) Stagnation pressure loss
(d) Air-fuel ratio required
17. Derive the Rankine Hugoniot relation for a normal shock.
(or)
19. Describe six important properties, required for a chemical to be

used as a solid propellant in the rocket engine.
(or)
sketches:
(a) Turbo jet engine (b) Pulse jet engine
Course & Branch: B.E Mechanical (Part Time)

Semester: III Max. Marks: 80
Sub.Code: 615PT303 Time: 3 Hours
PART A (10 x 2 = 20)

2. Show various regions of flow graphically.
3. When will divergent passage act as nozzle?
7. Mach number downsteam of normal shock is Subsonic justify.
8. Write down prandtl Meyer relation.
9. When Ramjet engine is preferred?

10. What are the different types of rocket engine?
PART B (5 x 12 = 60)
11. Air (Cp = 1.05 KJ/kgK, r = 1.38) at P1 = 3 x 103N/m2 and T1 = 500 k
flows with a velocity of 200 m/sec in a 30 cm diameter duct.
Calculate
(a) mass flow rate
(b) stagnation temperature
(c) Mach number and
(d) stagnation pressure.
Assuming the flow as compressible and incompressible.
(or)
12. Derive the energy equation
a2 1 2 1 2 a 02
c c max h0
r 1 2 2 r 1
Sating the assumptions used
13. Following quantities are given at the entry and exit of a passage
Entry: P1 = 2.07 bar, T1 = 300k, M1 = 1.4
Exit: M2 = 2.5
Assuming isentropic flow of an ideal gas (r = 1.3, R = 0.52
kJ/kgK). Determine
(a) velocity of sound (a0) at stagnation conditions
(b) The maximum velocity (Cmax)
(c) The mach number M1* and M2*
(d) temperature and pressure at exit.
(or)
14. Describe the behavior of flow in a convergent divergent nozzle
when it is operated at
(a) design pressure ratio
(b) pressure ratio higher than the design value
(c) pressure ratio lower than the design value.
15. A circular duct passes 8.25 kg/sec of air at an exit Mach number
of 0.5. The entry pressure and temperature are 3.45 bar and 38C
number at entry is 0.15 determine
(a) The diameter of the duct
(b) length of the duct
(c) pressure and temperature at exit
(d) stagnation pressure loss.
(or)
16. The condition of a gas in a combustor at entry area P1 = 0.343 bar,
T1 = 310K, C1 = 60m/sec. Determine the Mach number, pressure,
temperature and velocity at exit if the increase in stagnation
enthalpy of gas between entry and exit is 1172.5 kJ/kg. Take CP =
1.005 kJ/kgK, r = 1.4
17. A jet of air at 275 k and 0.69 bar has an initial Mach number of
2.0. If it passes through a normal shock wave determine
(a) Mach number
(b) pressure
(c) temperature
(d) density
(e) speed of sound and
(f) jet velocity downstream of shock.
(or)
18. Starting form energy equation for flow through a normal shock
obtain the following relations
Cx * Cy = a*2
Mx . M*y = 1
19. With neat sketch explain the working of a turbojet aircraft show
the various process occurring in a T-S diagram.
(or)
20. Explain briefly the following
(a) Nuclear rocket
(b) Cigarette burning
(c) ICBM and IRBM
Register Number

Sub. Code :SMEX1015 (2010) Time : 3 Hours
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
PART - A (10 x 2 = 20)

1. Define Mach number.
2. Distinguish between Mach wave and Normal shock.
3. Differentiate nozzle and diffuser.
4. What is chocked flow through a nozzle?
5. What are the consumption made for fanno flow?
6. What is Rayleigh line and Fanno line?
7. Define strength of shock wave.
8. Shock waves cannot develop in subsonic flow. Why?

9. What is specific impulse of rocket?
10. Define propulsive efficiency?
PART B (5 x 12 = 60)

flow passage are 2.45 bar, 26.5 C and 1.4 respectively. If the exit
Mach number is 2.5 determine for adiabatic flow of perfect gas (
=1.3, R=0.469 KJ/Kg K).
(or)
12. Air at stagnation condition has a temperature of 800 K. Determine
the stagnation velocity of Sound and the maximum possible fluid
velocity. What is the velocity of the sound when the flow velocity
is at half the maximum velocity?
13. Air flowing in a duct has a velocity of 300 m/s ,pressure 1.0 bar
and temperature 290 k. Taking =1.4 and R =287J/Kg K
determine:
(a) Stagnation pressure and temperature
(b) Velocity of sound in the dynamic and stagnation conditions
(c) Stagnation pressure assuming constant density.
(or)
14. A nozzle in a wind tunnel gives a test section Mach number of
2.0 .Air enters the nozzle from a large reservoir at 0.69 bar and
310 k .The cross sectional area of the throat is
1000cm.Determine the following quantities for the tunnel for
one dimensional isentropic flow.
15. Air enters a long circular duct ( d =12.5cm,f=0.0045) at a Mach

number 0.5, pressure 3.0 bar and temperature 312 K.If the flow
is isothermal throughout the duct .determine
(a) The length of the duct required to change the Mach number
to 0.7
(b) Pressure and temperature of air at M =0.7
(c) The length of the duct required to attain limiting Mach
number
(d) State of air at the limiting Mach number. Compare these
values with those obtained in adiabatic flow.
(or)
16. The Mach number at the exit of a combustion chamber is 0.9. The
ratio of stagnation temperature at exit and entry is 3.74. If the
pressure and temperature of the gas at exit are 2.5 bar and
1000C respectively determine
(a) Mach number, pressure and temperature of the gas at
entry
(b) The heat supplied per kg of the gas
(c) The maximum heat that can be supplied.
Take = 1.3, Cp= 1.218 KJ/KgK.
17. The velocity of a normal shock wave moving into stagnant air
(p=1.0 bar, t=17C) is 500 m/s. If the area of cross- section of
the duct is constant determine
(a) Pressure
(b) Temperature
(c) Velocity of air
(d) Stagnation temperature
(e) The Mach number imparted upstream of the wave front.
(or)
18. A gas ( =1.3) at p1 =345 Mbar, T1= 350 K and M1=1.5 is to be
isentropically expanded to 138 Mbar.
Determine
(a) the deflection angle
(b) final Mach number and
(c) the temperature of the gas.
19. Explain the construction and operation of a ramjet engine and

derive an expression for the ideal efficiency.
(or)
20. Discuss in detail the various propellants used in solid fuel rockets
and liquid fuel system .Also sketch the propellant feed-system for
a liquid propellant rocket motor.
Register Number

Sub. Code :SMEX1015(2010-11) Time : 3 Hours
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
PART - A (10 x 2 = 20)

1. Mention the various types of flow.
2. What is Mach Angle?
3. Differentiate between Nozzle and Diffuser.
4. What is Chocked flow through a Nozzle?
5. What are the Assumption made for Fanno flow?
6. What is Rayleigh line and Fanno line?
7. Define strength of shock wave.

8. Define Prandtle Equations for Normal Shocks.
9. What is specific impulse of Rocket?
10. Define propulsive efficiency.
PART B (5 x 12 = 60)
11. Derive the Energy and Momentum Equations.

(or)
12. The pressure, Temperature and Mach number at the entry of a
flow passage are 2.45 bar, 26.5 degree C and 1.4 respectively. If
the exit Mach number is 2.5 determine for adiabatic flow of
perfect gas (r = 1.3, R = 0.469 KJ/Kg K).
(a) Stagnation temperature.
(b) Temperature and velocity of gas at exit, and
(c) The flow rate per square meter of the inlet cross-section.
13. Air flowing in a duct has a velocity of 300 m/s, pressure 1.0 bar
and temperature 290 k. Taking r = 1.4 and R = 287J/Kg K,
determine:
(a) Stagnation pressure and temperature,
(b) Velocity of sound in the dynamic and stagnation conditions,
and (c) Stagnation pressure assuming constant density.
(or)
14. A reservoir whose temperature can be varied in a wide range of
temperature receives air at a constant pressure of 1.5 bar. The air
is expanded isentropically in a nozzle to an exit pressure of 1.015
bar. Determine (without using Gas tables) the values of the
temperature to be maintained in the reservoir to produce the
following velocities at the nozzle exit: (a) 10 m/s and
(b) 250 m/s. What are the values of Mach numbers in the two
cases?
15. Air at Po=10 bar, To = 400 K is supplied to a 50 mm diameter

pipe. The friction factor for the pipe surface is 0.002.
If the Mach number changes from 3.0 at the entry to 1.0 at the
exit determine
(a) the length of the pipe and
(b) the mass flow rate.
(or)
16. The conditions of a gas in a combuster at entry are:
P1 = 0.343 bar, T1 = 310 K, c1 = 60 m/s.
Determine the Mach number, Pressure, Temperature and
Velocity at the exit if the increase in stagnation enthalpy of gas
between entry and exit is 1172.5 KJ/Kg. Take Cp = 1.005 KJ /
Kg.K, r = 1.4.
17. The velocity of normal shock wave moving into stagnant air
(p=1.0 bar, t = 17 degree C) is 500 m/s. If the area of cross-
section of the duct is constant determine.
(a) Pressure
(b) Temperature
(c) Velocity of air
(d) Stagnation Temperature
(e) The Mach number imparted upstream of the wave front.
(or)
18. Derive the Prandtls Meyar Equations.
19. Explain the construction and operation of a ramjet engine and

derive an expression for the ideal efficiency.
(or)
20. A rocket flies at 10,080 kmph with an effective exhaust jet
velocity of 1400 m/s and propellant flow rate of 5.0 kg/s. If the
heat of reaction of the propellants is 6500 Kj/Kg of the propellant
mixture determine:
(a) Propulsion efficiency and propulsion power,
(b) Engine output and thermal efficiency, and
(c) Overall efficiency.
Register Number

Sub. Code :SMEX1015(2010/2011) Time : 3 Hours
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
PART - A (10 x 2 = 20)

1. What is the physical significance of Mach number?
2. Define compressibility.
3. Differentiate between Nozzle and Diffuser.
4. Show the flow thorough a subsonic nozzle in a T-s and h-s

diagrams.
5. Draw the Fanno flow in h-S diagram.

6. Define Rayleigh flow.
7. In a convergent-divergent nozzle, where the possibility of Normal

shock occurs?
8. Distinguish between normal shock and oblique shock.
9. Define the term thrust in a propulsion system.
10. What is the basic principle of a rocket propulsion?
PART B (5 x 12 = 60)
11. (a) An air craft is flying at an altitude of 12000 m with a Mach

number of 0.82. The cross sectional area of the inlet diffuser is
0.5 m2. Determine (i) the mass of air entering the diffuser per
second (ii) the speed of the air craft (iii) the stagnation pressure
and temperature of air at the diffuser entry.
(b) Prove that the stagnation to static temperature is given by,
To 1 2
1 M
T 2
(or)
12. (a) The jet of a gas at 593 K ( = 1.3, R = 469 J/kg K) has a Mach
number of 1.2. Determine for local and stagnation conditions
velocity of sound and enthalpy. What is the maximum attainable
velocity of this jet?
(b) The conditions of an air stream at entry to a duct are 1 bar,
300 K and M = 1.3. If the Mach number at exit of the duct is 0.6,
determine for adiabatic flow the temperature and velocity of air
at the duct exit.
13. (a) Air is discharged from a reservoir at p0 = 6.91 bar and T0 = 3250
C through a nozzle to an exit pressure of 0.98 bar. If the flow rate
is 3600 kg/h, Using the equations given in the table, determine
for isentropic flow:
(i) throat area, pressure and velocity;
(ii) exit area, Mach number and (iii) Maximum velocity.
(b) A conical diffuser has entry and exit diameters of 15 cm and
30 cm respectively. The pressure, temperature and velocity of air
at entry are 0.69 bar, 340 K and 180 m/s respectively. Determine:
(i) the exit pressure and (ii) exit velocity.
(or)
14. (a) Considering the variation of velocity with area, prove that for
an isentropic flow, dA dV (M 1)
2
A V
(b) Air flows isentropically through a duct. At a particular section

in the passage, the corss sectional area is 400 mm2 and M = 0.4.
At another section the area is 300 mm2. What is the Mach
number at the second section? What would be the area at the
section where M = 1?
15. (a) Air at stagnation pressure of 10 bar and stagnation

temperature of 400 K is supplied to a 50 mm diameter pipe. The
friction factor for the pipe surface is 0.002 and entry Mach
number is 3.? Determine the mass flow rate. At what length, the
flow become sonic
(b) The Mach number at the exit of a combustion chamber is 0.9.
The ratio of stagnation temperatures at exit and entry is 3.8. If
the pressure and temperature of the gas at exit are 2.5 bar and
10000 C respectively, determine Mach number of the gas at entry,
the heat supplied per kg of the gas and the maximum heat that
can be supplied.
(or)
16. (a) Air enters a constant area pipe with velocity 150 m/s,
temperature 600 C and pressure 0.5 MPa. If 180 kJ/kg of heat is
added to the pipe find
(i) the final pressure
(ii) final Mach number
(iii) change in entropy.
(b) Air at inlet to an insulated constant area duct of diameter 160
mm has a Mach number of 0.36. The mean friction factor of the
duct for the flow conditions is 0.0025. What length of the pipe
would give a 10% loss in stagnation pressure? What is the Mach
number at the corresponding exit section?
17. (a) The state of gas ( = 1.3, R = 0.469 kJ/kg K) upstream of a
normal shock wave is given by the following data: M = 2.2, P= 2
bar and T = 275 K. Calculate using the equations in the table, the
Mach number, pressure, temperature and velocity of the gas
(b) The flow Mach number, pressure and temperature ahead of a
normal shock are 2, 0.5 atm. and 300 K respectively. Compute
using equations, the Mach number, pressure, temperature and
velocity downstream of the wave.
(or)
18. A Convergent divergent nozzle has an exit to throat area ratio
of 3. The stagnation properties of air at inlet are 700 kPa and 900
C. The throat area is 10 cm2. Due to its operation at the off design
condition a plane normal shock is seen to stand at a section where
M = 2. Determine the Mach number, static pressure and static
temperature at the exit of the nozzle. Assume isentropic flow
before and after the shock.
19. (a) Give the reason why propeller engines are not in common use
in present day aircraft engines?
(b) Compare the turbojet engine and ramjet engine.
(or)
20. (a) Briefly bring out the operating principle of a pulse jet engine.
(b) Derive an expression for propulsive efficiency of turbojet
engine neglecting the effect of fuel.
Register Number

Sub. Code :SMEX1015(2010/2011/2012) Time : 3 Hours
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
PART - A (10 x 2 = 20)

1. Differentiate between static and stagnation properties.
2. Define critical Mach number.
3. What do you mean by isentropic flow?

4. Sketch the cross section of nozzle for sub-sonic and super-sonic
flows.
5. List the assumptions made in Rayleigh flow analysis.
6. What is friction factor in Fanno flow?
7. Write Prandtl-Mayer relation and mention its applications.
8. List the situations where shock waves are undesirable.
9. What is after burning in a turbo jet engine?
10. What are the benefits of thrust augmentation in a turbo jet

engine?
PART B (5 x 12 = 60)
11. Derive an expression for acoustic velocity in terms of temperature

of fluid.
(or)
12. Air is discharged from a reservoir at P0 = 6.91 bar, T0 = 325o C
through a nozzle to an exit pressure of 0.98 bar. If the flow rate is
3600 kg/hr, determine for isentropic flow (i) throat area, pressure
and velocity at the throat exit, (ii) exit Mach number and (iii)
maximum velocity.
13. Air flowing at the rate of 1.15 kg/s with an approach velocity of
80 m/s is expanded in a convergent divergent nozzle. The static
properties of air at inlet are 412 kPa and 160o C. The static
pressure at exit is 103 kPa. Calculate the required throat and exit
area for isentropic flow. If the isentropic efficiency of the nozzle
is 0.85 and the loss occurs only in the divergent section, find the
loss in total pressure head.
(or)
14. Derive the relation dA/A = dP/c2 (1-M2) for one dimensional
isentropic flow.
15. (a) Compare Fanno flow and Rayleigh flow. (4)

(b) In a certain heat exchanger, the stagnation temperature of air
is raised from 93o C to 426o C. If the inlet Mach number is 0.3,
determine the final Mach number and percentage drop in
pressure.
(8)
(or)
16. (a) Mention the practical applications of Fanno and Rayleigh
flows. (4)
(b) Air is flowing in an insulated constant area duct experiences
an increase in Mach number from 0.2 to 0.6 due to friction. The
initial pressure and temperature are 1.4 bar and 21o. Calculate the
final pressure and final velocity. (8)
17. Derive the Rankine Hugoniot expression for density ratios of air
across the normal shock wave.
(or)
18. A convergent divergent nozzle has an exit area to throat area ratio
of 2. Air enters the nozzle with a stagnation pressure of 6.5 bar
and a stagnation temperature of 93o C. The throat area is 6.25
cm2. If there is a normal shock wave standing at a point where
M=1.5, determine pressure, temperature on either side of the
plane of shock and the Mach number on the downstream side of
the plane. Find also the exit Mach number of nozzle.
19. A turbojet has a speed of 750 kmph while flying at an altitude of

10,000 m. The propulsive efficiency of the jet is 50% and the
overall efficiency of the turbine plant is 16%. The density of air at
10,000 m altitude is 0.173 kg/m3. The drag on the plane is 6250
N. Calorific value of the fuel is 48,000 kJ/kg. Calculate (i) absolute
velocity of the jet, (ii) diameter of the jet and (iii) power output of
the unit.
(or)
20. Write short note on the following:
(a) Rocket engine combustion chamber
(b) Liquid propellants
(c) Nuclear rocket
Register Number

Sub. Code :SMEX1015(2010/2011/2012/2013) Time : 3 Hours
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
PART - A (10 x 2 = 20)

1. Differentiate Compressible flow and incompressible flow.
2. Define Stagnation state and stagnation Enthalpy.
3. Differentiate Nozzle and Diffuser.

4. Draw the shape of the nozzle for the expansion of air from 1MPa
to 700KPa.
5. Define Fanno flow.
6. Give some practical examples for Rayleigh flow.
7. Give the difference between Normal shock and Oblique shock.
8. Define Strength of shock wave.
9. Differentiate Jet propulsion and Rocket propulsion.
10. Define the term Thrust.
PART - B (5 x 12 = 60)
11. An air jet at 300K has sonic velocity. Determine the following: (1)
Velocity of sound at 300K (2) Velocity of sound at stagnation
conditions (3) Maximum Velocity of the jet (4) Stagnation
Enthalpy (5) Croco number.
(or)
12. A gas flows in a duct of 40cm diameter at inlet pressure of 3 bar,
temperature of 450K and a velocity of 180m/s. Calculate at
inlet(1)Mass flow rate (2)Stagnation temperature(3)Mach
number(4)stagnation pressure for compressible and
incompressible flows. Take Take =1.3 and Cp=1.05kJ/kg.K
13. The pressure, temperature and mach number at the entry of a

nozzle are 2 bar, 300K and 1.4 respectively. The exit Mach number
is 2.4, determine the following for isentropic flow(1)Velocity of
sound at stagnation condition(2) The maximum velocity(3) The
mach numberM1* and M2* (4)Temperature and pressure at exit.
Take =1.3 and R=0.52Kj/Kg.K.
(or)
14. Air expands in a supersonic nozzle fromP0=24bar and T0=1000K
to an exit pressure of 4.3bar. If the exit area of the nozzle is
110cm2, Calculate the following (1) Throat area (2) Pressure and
temperature at the throat (3) Temperature at exit (4) Mass flow
rate.
15. The conditions of a gas in a combustion chamber at entry are

M1=0.28, To1=380K and P01=4.9bar. The heat supplied in the
combustion chamber is 620KJ/KG. Determine mach number,
pressure and temperature of the gas at exit and also determine
the stagnation pressure loss during heating. Take = 1.3 and
Cp=1.22KJ/KgK.
(or)
16. Air enters a pipe of 25mm diameter at a mach number of 2.4,
stagnation temperature of 300K and static pressure of 0.5bar. If
the coefficient of friction is 0.003, determine the following for a
section at which the mach number reaches 1.2. (1) Static pressure
and Temperature (2) Stagnation pressure and Temperature (3)
Velocity of air (4) Distance of this section from the inlet. (5) Mass
flow rate.
17. The upstream mach number, pressure and temperature of

normal shock wave are 2.4, 2bar and 270K respectively. Calculate
the mach number, pressure, temperature and velocity of the gas
for the downstream of the shock. Check The calculated values
with those given in the gas tables. Take = 1.3 and R=460 J/KgK.
(or)
18. A convergent-divergent nozzle has an exit area to throat area
ratio of 2. Air enters the nozzle with a stagnation pressure of 6.5
bar and a stagnation temperature of 930C. The throat area is
6.25sq.cm. If there is a normal shock wave standing at a point
where M=1.5, determine the pressure, temperature on either
side of the plane of shock and the mach number on the
downstream side of the plane. Find also the exit mach number of
the nozzle.
19. Explain the working principle of the following engines with neat
sketch. (1) Turbo jet engine (2) Ram jet engine.
(or)
20. Explain the construction and working principle of a solid
propellant rocket engine with neat sketch.

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SATHYABAMA UNIVERSITY

(Established under section 3 of UGC Act, 1956)

Course & Branch: B.E - Mechanical

PART A (10 x 2 = 20)

1. Define stagnation state of a fluid.

3. What is meant by isentropic flow with variable area?

4. What is impulse functions and give its uses?

5. Write few applications of fanno and rayleigh flow.

7. Define strength of a shock wave.

8. How the properties changes across a normal shock?

9. What is thrust augmentation?

10. Define specific Impulse of an rocket?

(b) Air (? = 1.67, Cp = 1.05 kJ/kgK) at P1 = 3 x 105N/m2 and T1 =

(i) Mass flow rate and Stagnation temperature (2 + 2)

13. A nozzle in a wind tunnel gives a test section Mach number of 2.

(a) diameter and length of the duct

17. An aircraft flies at a Mach number of 1.2 at an altitude of 1600m

(b) What is thrust augmentation? Why after burners are used in a

Course & Branch: B.E Mechanical

PART A (10 x 2 = 20)

1. Define Stagnation Enthalpy.

2. Define Mach number and Crocco number.

3. What is the sonic velocity in air at 60C?

4. Give the energy equation governing flow through an adiabatic

5. Differentiate between fanno flow and Rayleigh flow.

7. List the different types of Jet engines.

9. State five important properties desired in a propellant.

10. Define specific impulse for a rocket.

11. The pressure, temperature and Mach number at the entry of a

17. An aircraft flies at a Mach number of 1.2 at an altitude of 16000

19. (a) Explain the working principle of a Turbojet Engine with

Course & Branch :B.E - MECH

PART - A (10 x 2 = 20)

2. What is Mach cone?

3. What is the type of nozzle required to achieve supersonic

4. What do you mean by nozzle choking?

5. Write the variation in pressure, temperature and velocity in

7. Can shock wave exist in subsonic flow? Why?

8. How do entropy and velocity vary across a normal shock wave?

10. What is effective jet velocity of rocket engines?

13. A convergent-divergent nozzle is designed to expand air from a

15. Consider compressible flow through a long well insulated duct

17. A turbojet engine works at a Mach number of 1.3 at an altitude of

PART - A (10 X 2 = 20)

1. Define stagnation enthalpy.

2. What is Mach cone?

3. Define Rayleigh and Fanno flow.

4. State the governing equation used in plotting Rayleigh line.

5. Define normal shock.

6. Sketch an oblique shock and show the angles associated.

7. Write an expression for thrust of jet propulsion.

9. State different types of rockets.

10. Name some propellants for space application.

11. (a) Derive an expression for T/To in term of mach number.

13. (a) Define impulse function and its significance.

17. (a) Define strength of a shock wave.

19. (a) Explain with a neat sketch the principle of operation of

Course & Branch :B.E - MECH

PART - A (10 x 2 = 20)

2. What are the different regions of compressible flow?

3. What is meant by isentropic flow with constant area?

4. Describe the function of nozzle and a diffuser.

5. Define fanno flow.