Vitamin generic Vitamer chemical name(s) Solubility

Deficiency disease Overdose disease

descriptor name (list not complete)
Retinol, retinal, and
Night-blindness and
Vitamin A four carotenoids Fat Hypervitaminosis A
Keratomalacia[19]
including beta carotene
Beriberi, Wernicke-Korsakoff Drowsiness or muscle relaxation
Vitamin B1 Thiamine Water
syndrome with large doses.[21]
Vitamin B2 Riboflavin Water Ariboflavinosis
Liver damage (doses > 2g/day)[22]
Vitamin B3 Niacin, niacinamide Water Pellagra
and other problems
Diarrhea; possibly nausea and
Vitamin B5 Pantothenic acid Water Paresthesia
heartburn.[24]
Impairment of proprioception,
Pyridoxine, pyridoxamine,
Vitamin B6 Water Anemia[25] peripheral neuropathy. nerve damage (doses >
pyridoxal
100 mg/day)
Vitamin B7 Biotin Water Dermatitis, enteritis
Deficiency during pregnancy is
May mask symptoms of vitamin
Vitamin B9 Folic acid, folinic acid Water associated with birth defects, such as
B12 deficiency; other effects.
neural tube defects
Cyanocobalamin,
Vitamin B12 hydroxycobalamin, Water Megaloblastic anemia[26] No known toxicity[26]
methylcobalamin
Vitamin C Ascorbic acid Water Scurvy Vitamin C megadosage
Ergocalciferol,
Vitamin D Fat Rickets and Osteomalacia Hypervitaminosis D
cholecalciferol
Deficiency is very rare; mild Increased congestive heart failure
Vitamin E Tocopherols, tocotrienols Fat hemolytic anemia in newborn seen in one large randomized
infants.[28] study.[29]
phylloquinone, Increases coagulation in patients
Vitamin K Fat Bleeding diathesis
menaquinones taking warfarin.[30]
 Nomenclature of reclassified vitamins
Previous name Chemical name Reason for name change[51]
Vitamin B4 Adenine DNA metabolite; synthesized in body
Vitamin B8 Adenylic acid DNA metabolite; synthesized in body
Needed in large quantities (does
Vitamin F Essential fatty acids
not fit the definition of a vitamin).
Vitamin G Riboflavin Reclassified as Vitamin B2
Vitamin H Biotin Reclassified as Vitamin B7
Vitamin J Catechol, Flavin Catechol nonessential; flavin reclassified as B2
Vitamin L1[52] Anthranilic acid Non essential
Vitamin L2[52] Adenylthiomethylpentose RNA metabolite; synthesized in body
Vitamin M Folic acid Reclassified as Vitamin B9
Vitamin O Carnitine Synthesized in body
Vitamin P Flavonoids No longer classified as a vitamin
Vitamin PP Niacin Reclassified as Vitamin B3
Vitamin S Salicylic acid Proposed inclusion[53] of salicylate as an essential micronutrient
Vitamin U S-Methylmethionine Protein metabolite; synthesized in body

B-Vitamins are needed in CELL METABOLISM

Mineral - an element or chemical compound that is normally crystalline and that has been formed as a result of geological processes

A mineral is a naturally occurring solid with a definite chemical composition and a specific crystalline structure

A rock is an aggregate of one or more minerals