Bksl& inkFkZ tks LFkku ?

ksjs] ftldk nzO;eku gks] Bksl dgykrk gSA

Bksl] nzo ,oa xSl dh rqyuk&

Bksl nzo xSl
1 vk;ru fufpr fufpr vfufpr ik=
dk vk;ru
vfufpr
2 vkd`fr fufpr vfufpr vfUkfpr
3 tkZ U>>K K>U K>>U
U= fLFkfrt tkZ K= xfrt tkZ
4 vUrjkf.od cgqr vf/kd de cgqr de ux.;
cy

R;kLFkrk() &
fdlh oLrq ij ck cy yxkus ij og fod`r gks tkrh gS vFkkZr~ mldh vkd`fr yEckbZ]vk;ru]:i esa ifjorZu gks tkrk gSA ck cy
gVk nsus Ikj oLrq viuh kjafHkd vkd`fr esa iqu% ykSV vkrh gS oLrq dk ;g xq.k R;kLFkrk dgykrk gSA

ifjHkk"kk&fdlh oLrq ij ck cy vkjksfir djus ij oLrq }kjk mldk fojks/k djus dh o`fk R;kLFkrk dgykrh gSA
mnkgj.k%& jcj dh xsan vkSj LVhy dh xsan esa ls dkSu vf/kd R;kLFk gS vkSj D;ks \
mRrj%& LVhy dh xsan vf/kd LFkkLFk gS D;ksafd ck cy yxkus ij LVhy dh xsan vius vkdkj esa ifjorZu dk vf/kd fojks/k djrh
gSA

1- iw.kZ R;kLFk oLrq& og oLrq ftl ij ls ck cy gVk nsus ij og iw.kZ :Ik ls viuh kjafHkd fLFkfr esa ykSV vk,A
2- iw.kZ IykfLVd oLrq& og oLrq ftl ij ls ck cy gVk nsus ij og iw.kZ :Ik ls fod`r gh jg tk,A

uksV%& d`fr esa dksbZ Hkh oLrq iw.kZ LFkkLFk ;k iw.kZ IykfLVd ugha gSA
gkFkhnkar] DokVZt fLVy] LVhy vkfn dks yxHkx iw.kZ R;kLFk rFkk xhyh feV~Vh] /kku dk fNydk vkfn dks yxHkx iw.kZ IykfLVd
oLrq ekuk tk ldrk gSA

R;kLFkrk Fkdku& tc fdlh oLrq ij vkjksfir ck cy dks rsth ls ckj&ckj ifjofrZr djrs gS rks ck cy gVk nsus ij Hkh oLrq
dqN nsj ds fy, R;kLFkrk dk xq.k [kks nsrh gSa vkSj fod`r gks tkrh gSA oLrq dqN le; ckn viuh kjfEHkd fLFkfr esa iqu% ykSV vkrh
gSA bls R;kLFk Fkdku dgrs gSA

R;ku;u cy ( ) & tc fdlh oLrq ij ck () vkjksfir fd;k tkrk gSa rks oLrq ds vUnj ,d cy mRiUu gks
tkrk gS] tks ck cy ds cjkcj ijUrq fnkk esa foifjr gksrk gS] bls R;kUk;u cy dgrs gSA
;g cy oLrq dh vkd`fr esa ifjorZu dk fojks/k djrk gS vkSj oLrq dks iqu% kjafHkd fLFkfr eas ykus dk ;kl djrk gSA
vr% R;ku;u cy ck cy ()

frcy& tc fdlh fi.M ij ck cy vkjksfir djrs gS rks mlds vUnj leku R;ku;u cy mRiUUk gks tkrk gSA
oLrq ds ,dkad {ks=Qy ij dk;Zjr R;ku;u cy dks gh frcy dgrs gSA
frcy R;ku;u
{ks=Qy
cy
frcy =


ek=d& /2 foek& [1 1 2 ]

frcy ds dkj &

1- vuqnS/;Z frcy& ;fn fdlh NM ;k rkj ij mldh yEckbZ ds vuqfnk cy yxk;k tk, rks mldh yECkkbZ esa ifjorZu gksrk gSA
bl fLFkfr esa dk;Zjr frcy vuqnS/;Z frcy dgykrk gSA ruu&frcy
2- vk;ru frcy vfHkyac frcy& ;fn fdlh fi.M ij lHkh fnkkvksa esa leku :Ik ls cy yxk;k tk, rks mlds vk;ru esa
ifjorZu gksrk gSA bl fLFkfr esa dk;Zjr frcy dks vk;ru frcy dgrs gSaA
3- vi:i.k frcy LikZjs[kh; frcy& ;fn fdlh oLrq ds vk/kkj dks n`<+rkiwoZd dldj lEeq[k i`B ij LikZj[s kh; cy yxk;k
tk, rks oLrq dk :Ik ifjofrZr gks tkrk gSA
bl fLFkfr esa dk;Zjr frcy vi:Ik.k frcy dgykrk gSA

fod`fr& tc fdlh oLrq ij ck cy yxk;k tkrk gS rks oLrq dh vkd`fr yEckbZ]vk;ru] :i esa ifjorZu gks tkrk gSA
vkd`fr esa ifjorZu rFkk kjafHkd vkd`fr dk vuqikr fod`fr dgykrk gSA
vkd`fr esa ifjorZu
fod`fr =
kjafHkd vkd`fr
foek& [0 0 0 ] foekghu
ek=d ek=dghu

fod`fr ds dkj& frcy ds vk/kkj ij fod`fr Hkh rhu dkj dh gksrh gSA
1- vuqnS/;Z fod`fr& tc oLrq ij vuqnS/;Z frcy dk;Zjr gksrk gS rks mldh yEckbZ eas ifjorZu gksrk gS
 oLrq dh yEckbZ esa ifjorZu rFkk kjfEHkd yEckbZ dk vuqikr vuqnS/;Z fod`fr dgykrk gSA
yEckbZ esa ifjorZu
vuqnS/;Z fod`fr = kjafHkd yEckbZ =

2- vk;ru fod`fr& tc oLrq ij vk;ru frcy dk;Zjr gksrk gS rks mlds vk;ru esa ifjorZu gksrk gSA
oLrq ds vk;ru esa ifjorZu rFkk kjafHkd vk;ru dk vuqikr vk;ru fod`fr dgykrk gSA
vk;ru esa ifjorZu
vk;ru fod`fr = =
kjafHkd vk;ru

3- vi:i.k fod`fr& tc fdlh oLrq ij vi:i.k frcy dk;Zjr gksrk gS rks mlds :Ik esa ifjorZu gksrk gSA bl le; mRiUu fod`fr
vi:i.k fod`fr ()dgykrh gSA

R;kLFkrk dh lhek& fdlh R;kLFk oLrq ij ck cy yxkus ij og fod`r gks tkrh gS vkSj ck cy gVk nsus ij kjafHkd fLFkfr
esa vk tkrh gSA
vkjksfir ck cy dk og vf/kdre eku ftlls vf/kd cy yxkus Ikj oLrq fod`r gh jg tkrh gS vkSj kjafHkd fLFkfr esa ugha ykSVrh]
mls R;kLFkrk dh lhek dgrs gSA