Distribution Standard: Reference REV Title: Distribution Standard Date: OF Revision Date

DISTRIBUTION STANDARD
REFERENCE REV
SCSASAAM2 4
TITLE: DISTRIBUTION STANDARD DATE: MAY 1998
PART 3: LOW-VOLTAGE RETICULATION PAGE 1 OF 56
SECTION 1: LOW-VOLTAGE REVISION DATE:
OVERHEAD RETICULATION MAY 2001
TESCOD APPROVED DOCUMENT
June 1998
COMPILED BY FUNCTIONAL RESP. APPROVED BY AUTHORIZED BY
Signed Signed Signed Signed
............................ ............................... ............................. .............................
I Ferguson I Ferguson P Crowdy P J Maroga
DT Design ESC for TESCOD DTM for ED (D)
Contents
Page
Foreword........................................................................................................................................ 3
Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 4
1 Scope ........................................................................................................................................ 5
2 Normative references................................................................................................................ 5
3 Definitions and abbreviations .................................................................................................... 7
4 Requirements ............................................................................................................................ 8
4.1 Reticulation methods...................................................................................................... 8

4.2 General........................................................................................................................... 16
4.3 Layout design options..................................................................................................... 16
4.4 Requirements for bare wire and ABC systems .............................................................. 16
4.5 Minimum conductor clearances (in span) ...................................................................... 22
4.6 Telkom conditions for sharing of services ...................................................................... 23
4.7 Protection ....................................................................................................................... 25
4.8 Transformers and surge arresters.................................................................................. 26
4.9 Earthing installation and tests......................................................................................... 28
4.10 Poles and stays .............................................................................................................. 26
4.11 Service connections ....................................................................................................... 29
4.12 Customer installations .................................................................................................... 29
4.13 Customer metering......................................................................................................... 29
DISTRIBUTION STANDARD REFERENCE REV
PART 3: LOW-VOLTAGE RETICULATION SCSASAAM2 4
SECTION 1: LOW-VOLTAGE OVERHEAD PAGE 2 OF 56
RETICULATION
Contents (continued)
Page
4.14 Drawings......................................................................................................................... 30
4.15 Bills of materials (BOM).................................................................................................. 30
4.16 DT Project ...................................................................................................................... 30
4.17 BMS codification............................................................................................................. 30
4.18 Marking and labelling...................................................................................................... 30
5 Tests and commissioning.......................................................................................................... 31
Annexes
A Conductor properties................................................................................................................. 32
B Design spans for bare neutral ABC systems ............................................................................ 35
C Design spans for ACSR bare wire systems .............................................................................. 36
D Design spans for AAAC bare wire systems .............................................................................. 37
E Urban reticulation ...................................................................................................................... 38
F Reticulation — Inspection sheet................................................................................................ 39
G Electrical test record sheet ........................................................................................................ 48
H BMS codification structure using the DT project tool ................................................................ 49
J List of drawings ......................................................................................................................... 50
H Bibliography............................................................................................................................... 55
L Revision information.................................................................................................................. 56
RETICULATION
Foreword
The Distribution Standard is a multi-part document whose total structure is defined in Part 0. This part
of the Distribution Standard consists of the following sections under the general title: Low voltage
reticulation:
Section 1: Low-voltage overhead reticulation.

Section 2: Low-voltage underground reticulation.
Section 3: Low-voltage protection philosophy.
Section 4: Low-voltage protection philosophy for low consumption areas..
Any recommendations for corrections, additions or deletions to this standard shall be sent to:
The Design Manager

Distribution Technology
Private Bag X1074
GERMISTON
1400
Telephone (011) 871-2416
Fax (011) 871-2352
Internet:CrowdyPH@DT_FS1
Profs A96002
RETICULATION
Introduction
This section of the Distribution Standard has been prepared to establish specifications for and promote
the use of standardized designs, structures and materials for low-voltage (LV) overhead distribution
systems.
The intention behind the production of the standard is that all Eskom LV overhead distribution systems
will be built using standard designs as specified in the standard. The standardized materials are fully
specified in SCSASAAM0, Distribution Standard, Part 9: Buyers Guide.
Some drawings mentioned in the text are not listed in the “List of drawings” annex. These drawings
are identified by a part number in brackets after the drawing number. The part number refers to the
Part of the Distribution Standard in which the drawings can be found. For example (Part 9) refers to
Part 9: Buyers guide.
It is important to note that the electrical planning, the physical layout of the reticulation equipment and
project management activities ultimately determine the cost of the electrification. Particular attention
must be given to these areas so that the optimum use of standard products is achieved.
Electrical reticulation design that incorporates electrical planning and physical layout of equipment is a
thought provoking process that must not be unnecessarily constrained.
RETICULATION
1 Scope
This section of part 3 of the Distribution Standard covers the construction of bare wire and insulated
conductor overhead LV reticulation systems using either wood or concrete poles. These systems are
normally fed from MV/LV transformers and are used to supply individual customers at LV.
It covers three overhead low-voltage reticulation methods, namely single-phase (2 wire), dual-phase
(3 wire), and three-phase (4 wire). These methods provide the reticulation designer with the best
known options to achieve cost effective reticulation for most electrification areas in South Africa.
The three methods use similar materials and construction techniques. Where appropriate, bare and
insulated systems and certain combinations of the three methods above can be used to achieve cost
effective reticulation.
Transformers feeding the LV overhead lines are generally pole-mounted (first choice for electrification
and smaller transformers) but ground-mounted units can also be used, where circumstances and size
dictate.
This standard will be required to change continually as Eskom strives for continual improvements to its
standards. Users of this standard are thus required to establish the precise requirements of the local
Operating Divisions. They will provide the necessary guidelines to enable reticulation designs to be
frozen at the desired point in a project to prevent the continual change from interfering with the project
and its associated costs.
The local change control forum enables the local area to cope with continual change to standards while
progressing with the projects.
2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions that, through reference in the text, constitute provisions of
this standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to
revision, and parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards listed below. Information on currently
valid national and international standards may be obtained from the South African Bureau of
Standards. Information on valid Eskom standards and software tools is available from Distribution
Technology, 011-871-2448(ph), 011-871-2353(fax), Email Coghlaha@DT-FS1
SABS 0142:1993, The wiring of premises.
SABS 780:1979, Distribution transformers.
SABS 1524-1:1994, Electricity dispensing systems — Part 1: Single-phase electricity dispensers.
SABS 1619:1995, Small power distribution units (ready boards) for single-phase 230 V service
connections.
NRS 016:1995, Electricity distribution — Code of practice for the earthing of low-voltage distribution
systems.
NRS 032:1993, Electricity distribution — Service distribution boxes — Pole-mounted types for
overhead single-phase a.c. service connections at 230 V.
NRS 041:1995, Electricity transmission and distribution — Code of practice for overhead power lines
for conditions prevailing in South Africa.
RETICULATION
NRS 043:1997, Code of practice for the joint use of a pole route for power and telecommunication
lines.
DTC 0106, Specification for concrete poles (reinforced, partially pre-stressed and pre-stressed types).
ESKASAAN0:Rev.0, Standard for the labelling of high voltage equipment.
SCSAGAAF5:Rev.1, Distribution standard — Part 3: Low-voltage reticulation — Section 3: Low-

voltage protection philosophy.
SCSAGAAH8:Rev.0, Distribution standard — Part 3: Low-voltage reticulation — Section 4: Low-

voltage protection philosophy for low consumption areas.
SCSAGAAI2:Rev.0, Design notes for single- and dual-phase reticulation.
SCSASAAL9:Rev.1, Distribution standard — Part 2: Earthing: Section 1: — MV and LV reticulation

earthing.
SCSASAAM0:Rev.0, Distribution standard — Part 0: Structure, definitions, abbreviations and

exemptions.
SCSASAAP1:Rev.0, Distribution standard — Part 4: Medium-voltage reticulation — Section 1:

Overhead reticulation.
SCSASAAS3:Rev.0, Distribution standard — Part 8 Services: Section 1 - Electrification.
SCSPVAAT6:Rev.0, Distribution standard — Part 9: Buyer’s guide.
SCSSCAAD5:Rev.2, Aerial bundled conductor with uninsulated (bare) neutral.
SCSSCAAD7:Rev.5, Specification for wood poles, cross-arms and spacer blocks.
SCSSCAAH4:Rev.1, Specification for oil-immersed power transformers to 2 MVA and 22 kV.
SCSSCAAL4:Rev.0, Fittings for bare neutral aerial bundled conductor.
SCSSCAAO1:Rev.0, Specification for stay and pole planting stay and pole compacting and
compaction testing for medium-voltage and low-voltage lines. (Draft).
TRR/E/96/ELI68, Large single phase motors (TRI Report).
Tools
• Pre-electrification research tool

• Electrification technology cost estimator (ElecTech)
• DT V-Drop 7
PEN 70/005:Rev.0, Decommissioning of Northern Engineering Division Capital Assets.
ACP 60
3 Definitions and abbreviations

The definitions and abbreviations in SCSASAAM0 and those listed below apply to this part.
RETICULATION
3.1 Definitions
3.1.1 balanced system: A dual- or three-phase system where all phase conductors are carrying a
similar load. The neutral return conductor carries little or no current.
3.1.2 LV dual-phase: A 50 Hz a.c. supply at 230 V r.m.s. phase-to-neutral. 460 V r.m.s. phase-to-
phase (180 vector phase displacement). Note the difference to two-phase supply.
3.1.3 LV single-phase: A 50 Hz a.c. supply at 230 V r.m.s. phase-to-neutral. The neutral carries the
full load current.
3.1.4 LV three-phase: A 50 Hz a.c. supply at 230 V r.m.s. phase-to-neutral; 400 V r.m.s. phase-to-
phase (120 vector phase displacement).
3.1.5 MV phase-to-phase: Any two phases of a three-phase MV supply. An unbalanced three-phase

MV supply. (This is not a recommended method but it is obtained as a result of using two phases of a
three-phase system. It appears here to ensure that it is not confused with dual-phase).
3.1.6 MV single-phase: A 50 Hz a.c. supply at 12,7 kV r.m.s. phase-to-neutral. The neutral which
originates from the source transformer, carries the full load current.
3.1.7 MV three-phase: A 50 Hz a.c. supply at 12,7 kV r.m.s. phase-to-neutral; 22 kV r.m.s. phase-to-

phase (120 vector phase displacement).
3.1.8 single wire earth return: A 50 Hz a.c. supply at 20 kV r.m.s. phase-to-earth. The return
current is through the general body of the earth.
3.1.9 unbalanced system: A dual- or three-phase system where the phase conductors do not carry a
similar load. The neutral return conductor carries a significant current.
3.2 Abbreviations
3.2.1 ABC: Aerial bundled conductors.
3.2.2 SWER: Single wire earth return.

RETICULATION
4 Requirements
4.1 Reticulation methods
4.1.1 Introduction
The practice of three-phase MV and LV reticulation is sometimes not the most cost effective method of
electrification. The use of MV philosophies like SWER, single-phase and phase-to-phase systems
combined with LV philosophies like single-phase and dual-phase systems are often more appropriate,
especially when dealing with small, dispersed loads.
This is mainly due to the fact that three-phase conductors may have a power transfer capability greater
than that required by the load and the transformers and the conductors are not fully utilized.
The main cost advantages of the above methods are
a) SWER and two-phase MV systems could require shorter poles or can provide longer span lengths
than three-phase designs when using the same height poles,
b) SWER and two-phase MV systems require less pole-dressing equipment,
c) single-phase and dual-phase transformers are less costly than three-phase units, and
d) single- and dual-phase LV ABC can be spanned up to 30 % further than three-phase ABC.
There are some possible disadvantages of these methods and these are
a) obviously traditional three-phase LV supplies are not available but a three-phase supply can be
created using power electronics. Refer to TRI report TRR/AE/96/ELI68 “Large Single Phase
Motors”,
b) if there is sufficient motivation to upgrade an area to three-phase supply the customers would
experience outages on these networks to enable the upgrade, and
c) unbalance could limit transfer capabilities however this is not expected to have an undesirable
effect on electrification projects. Unbalance issues are being investigated at present.
The three-phase, dual-phase and single-phase LV reticulation methods are described in figures 1,2
and 3.
RETICULATION
4.1.2 Three-phase system
3 phase MV
RED
400V WHITE
BLUE
NEUTRAL
N+E
L N
Note separate
E
neutral & earth
DOMESTIC in customers
SUPPLY dwelling
POINT
Figure 1 — Three-phase LV system
4.1.3 Dual-phase system
3 phase PHASE 1
or
ph-ph MV + 230V NEUTRAL
- 230V
or
SWER PHASE 2
N+E
L N
Note separate
E
neutral & earth
SUPPLY dwelling
POINT
22 kV/460V ( 230V ∠ 180, 230V ∠ 0 ).
Figure 2 — Dual-phase LV system

RETICULATION
4.1.4 Single-phase system
3 phase
or
ph-ph MV 230V PHASE
or
SWER
NEUTRAL
N+E
L N
Note separate
E
neutral & earth
SUPPLY dwelling
POINT
Figure 3 — Single-phase LV system
Table 1 — Combinations of MV and LV for various methodologies
1 2 3 4
LV methodology MV options Transformer options LV cable options
Three-phase Three-phase 50 kVA & 100 kVA ABC or bare wire

Three-phase two-wire, three-wire or four-
16 kVA single-phase wire
32 kVA dual-phase
Dual-phase Three-phase, Ph-Ph 32 kVA dual-phase for ABC or bare wire
OR SWER SWER or ph-ph three-wire and two-wire
Single-phase Three-phase or 16 kVA single-phase ABC or bare wire
ph-ph two-wire
NOTE — 25 kVA single-phase transformers can be negotiated for certain projects depending on the circumstances.
4.1.5 Mixing of technology options
Clauses 4.1.2, 4.1.3, 4.1.4 and table 1 give the various options available for mixing methods on a
particular project or reticulation system. It is important to mix the methods in a manner that ensures
the best overall electrification solution, for example, because of the marginal difference in cost between
two-wire and three-wire 35 mm² ABC it would not make sense to mix the two if significant cost benefit
was not evident. On the other hand an electrically sound design using a mix of four-wire and two-wire
ABC would generally show significant cost savings.
Also note that the combination of bare wire and ABC systems in a particular transformer zone is
allowed and encouraged provided that the overall reticulation criteria are met.
These issues shall be discussed with and agreed to by the Operating Divisions.
RETICULATION
4.1.6 Planning factors
The following clauses attempt to highlight certain planning issues.
4.1.6.1 Pre-electrification research and technology options
A pre-electrification survey using the Pre-Electrification Research Tool (Elec. Tech) shall be carried out
on most projects.
The Electrification Technology Cost Estimator (Elec. Tech) tool shall be used do a “first pass MV
planning and costing analysis”, especially to select the most cost effective technology for a given area.
This tool is most effective for estimating technology costs for whole electrification areas in which bulk
supply lines and reticulation designs are needed.
If phase-to-phase or SWER MV and dual-phase or single-phase LV provide the right technology fit and
a customer requests a three-phase supply point, one shall consider various options before changing to
three-phase technology e.g. does the customer actually need three-phase supply?
In most cases a three-phase supply point is not necessary for the application required. In almost all
cases it is much more cost effective to supply a single-phase point and install a load that will run on the
single-phase supply. For example, single-phase motors up to 7,5 kW are readily available (e.g. GEC
motors). Loads that can be serviced by motors of about 3 kW include
a) pumps,
b) commercial and industrial coolers and freezers,
c) mortuary rooms,
d) 4-post car hoists, and
e) miscellaneous garage equipment.
For motor loads greater than 7,5 kW, written pole and other single-phase motor types are available.
Note that modifications or adjustments to the customer equipment may be required.
4.1.6.2 Load balancing
On both three-phase and dual-phase LV systems, balancing two-phases per node (pole-top box) for
customer connections will result in the minimum number of nodes to achieve load balancing.
This is difficult in practice due to the customer layouts, particularly on rural reticulations. The Eskom
standard pole-top box (node) is only equipped for connection to a single-phase supply for this reason.
On projects where the balancing of two phases per node is needed two options exist, depending on the
circumstances.
RETICULATION
Option (1): Layouts where most nodes will only have enough customer connections for a single-phase
connection.
a) Use a single, standard pole-top box that has a single-phase connection for most nodes.
b) Use two single pole-top boxes for those nodes that can be balanced on two phases, as
appropriate.
Option (2): Layouts where most nodes can be balanced by using two phases.
Specify the pole-top box for two-phase connections. The specification allows for this option.
RETICULATION
The diagrams in figure 4 illustrate the differences between balancing with one or two phases per node :
ph1 ph1 ph2 ph2 ph3 ph3 ph3 ph3 ph2 ph2 ph1 ph1
ph1 ph1 ph2 ph2 ph3 ph3 ph3 ph3 ph2 ph2 ph1 ph1
Balanced three-phase LV phase connection — Single-phase per node
ph1 ph1 ph3 ph3 ph2 ph2
ph1 ph1 ph3 ph3 ph2 ph2
Balanced three-phase LV phase connection — Two-phases per node
ph1 ph1 ph2 ph2 ph2 ph2 ph1 ph1
Balanced dual-phase LV phase connection — Single-phase per node
Balanced dual-phase LV phase connection — Two-phases per node
Figure 4 — Load balancing

RETICULATION
The following vector diagrams indicate the different types of networks:
Balanced three-phase LV network with

neutral voltage drop = 0
Three-phase network with only one Balanced dual-phase LV network with neutral
phase loaded, equivalent to a single- voltage drop = 0 (180° between the phases)
phase system or a two-phase LV system
with only one phase loaded
NOTE — In all practical situations unbalance will exist giving rise to neutral current. The prime objective is to design for
minimal unbalance. Balancing of a dual-phase system is easier than a three-phase system as only two phases are
under consideration.
Figure 5 — Vector diagrams

RETICULATION
4.1.6.3 Voltage drop
Voltage drops experienced with the various technology options are evaluated in SCSAGAAI2.
The power transfer capability ratios of the three-phase, dual phase and the single-phase methods are
as follows:
Three-phase Dual-phase Single-phase
6 4 1
This means that the balanced three-phase method is 6 times more efficient in transmitting power than
the single-phase method and the dual-phase method is four times more efficient in transmitting power
than the single-phase method. Use of DT Vdrop will verify the optimum methodology for any
electrification design.
4.1.6.4 Upgrade paths
A separate document to discuss upgrade paths is planned as upgrading mostly concerns MV & LV.
Eskom has introduced a philosophy into electrification design that requires the networks to be
appropriate for the customer base. This means that a certain amount of information is needed about
the customers in order to design appropriate networks after considering the load for the first 5 years,
then 10 years and 20 years. Planning guidelines in support of the philosophy are obtainable from the
Planning functions in the Operating Divisions. Full advantage needs to be taken of delaying capital
expenditure whilst considering the customer needs. The philosophy thus needs to be supported by an
Upgrade Guideline, the main points of which are indicated in table 2:
Table 2 — Upgrade paths
1 2 3
Existing network Reason for upgrade Upgrade options
Three-phase MV feeding 1 LV voltage drop too high 1.1 Add extra conductor or increase
three-phase LV 2 Transformer overload conductor size
3 Combination of above 1.2 Reduce LV line length by extending MV
and adding transformers
2.1 Increase transformer size or create two
transformer areas from one as above
2.2 Suitable combination of above
Three-phase MV feeding 1 LV voltage drop too high 1.1 Bare wire-Convert to three-phase or
single-phase LV 2 Transformer overload dual-phase by changing transformer and
3 Combination of above adding extra conductor
1.2 ABC-Convert to dual-phase by changing
transformer and adding one more ABC
conductor
2.1 Change transformer
Phase-to-phase or SWER 1 LV voltage drop too high 1.1 Bare wire-Convert to dual-phase by
feeding 2 Transformer overload changing transformer and adding extra
single-phase LV 3 Combination of above conductor
1.2 ABC-Convert to dual-phase by changing
transformer and adding one more ABC
conductor
2.1 Change transformer
RETICULATION
Table 2 (continued)
1 2 3
Existing network Reason for upgrade Upgrade options
Phase-to-phase or SWER 1 LV voltage drop too high 1.1 Double circuit dual-phase
feeding dual-phase LV 2 Transformer overload 1.2 Reduce LV line length by extending MV
3 Combination of above and adding transformers
2.1 Increase transformer size or create two
transformer areas from one as above
It is generally not necessary to upgrade phase-phase MV and SWER to three-phase. This situation
may arise in the event of a special load being required. This situation needs to be treated on its merits.
4.2 General
4.2.1 The requirements of the Occupational Health and Safety Act, Act 85 of 1993 (OHS Act) and all
subsequent amendments and regulations shall be observed.
4.2.2 Factors of safety shall be as stated in the OHS Act except where exemption has been obtained.
For exemptions see SCSASAAM0.
4.3 Layout design options

Radial LV systems are generally the most economical with conductor sections selected after
optimization on DT-VDROP. There are a number of customer layouts that shall be considered when
doing an electrification design. These can be classified into two main layouts:
4.3.1 Structured or grid layout
Two acceptable LV reticulation designs for a structured/grid layout are as follows depending on the
circumstances:
a) between the stands in a block, (mid block) with spurs to poles for street lights where necessary;
and
b) along the street frontage of the stands.
4.3.2 Unstructured (informal) or scattered layouts
The most appropriate reticulation design for this type of layout shall be used. LV layouts will be
dependent on optimum transformer installation positions, accessibility and density of areas.
4.4 Requirements for bare wire and ABC systems

The two standard conductor types used by Eskom are
a) aerial bundled conductor (ABC) with uninsulated (bare) neutral, and
b) ACSR and AAAC bare conductors.

RETICULATION
ABC is generally accepted as the preferred option due to its simplicity of construction, minimal
components and its inherent long-term reliability. This is not true for all electrification areas and there
are also significant advantages in using bare conductors in some circumstances. These
circumstances will only become apparent when doing the detailed planning and design of electrification
projects and each situation shall be treated on merit. A few common instances where bare wire
construction may offer advantages are listed below
a) connection of widespread customers on the outskirts of a reticulation area, and
b) electrification of an area which could see significant growth and where ease of upgrade is a factor.
NOTE — Sag and Tension tables are not provided in this part and can be generated using the DT-Sat 95 tool available
from Distribution Technology, Simmerpan. A Sag and Tension book for all conductors is proposed for future use by field
staff.
4.4.1 LV ABC
4.4.1.1 The low-voltage ABC shall conform to SCSSCAAD5. The preferred conductor sizes are:
a) 3 70 mm² phase conductors + 50 mm² neutral (Bare) : three-phase (4-wire).
b) 3 35 mm² phase conductors + 35 mm² neutral (Bare) : three-phase (4-wire).
c) 1 35 mm² phase conductors + 35 mm² neutral (Bare) : single-phase (2-wire).
d) 2 35 mm² phase conductors + 35 mm² neutral (Bare) : dual-phase (3-wire).
4.4.1.2 LV ABC fittings shall conform to SCSSCAAL4.
4.4.1.3 LV ABC may allow for auxiliary supplies to street lights, traffic signals and other outlets. Where
specified, auxiliary supplies of this nature are generally taken directly from a phase core. An additional
supply core does enable more control of the apparatus connected to it, for example, control of groups
of streetlights from a set point on the reticulation. The use of the additional auxiliary supply core is not
a specified Eskom standard when using ABC and shall be the exception and not the rule.
4.4.1.4 Phase cores are identified by indented or embossed numbers 1,2 or 3.
a) The neutral requires no identification as it is bare.
b) Single-phase ABC shall have the phase core marked ‘1’.
c) Dual-phase ABC shall have the phase cores marked ‘1’ and ‘2’.
d) Three-phase ABC shall have the phase cores marked ‘1’, ‘2’ and ‘3’.
RETICULATION
Table 3 — ABC core allocation for different reticulation methods
1 2 3 4
ABC Marking Nominal Nominal
phase-to-phase phase-neutral
voltage voltage
Three-phase 1 = White 400 V 230 V
2 = Blue
3 = Red
Single-phase 1 = White or N/A 230 V
Blue or
Red
Dual-phase 1= +VE 460 V +230 V
2= -VE -230 V
Upgrading single- Original conductor + ve. 460V +230V
phase to dual-phase Mark 2nd phase conductor, at -230V
(both conductors have each pole, 2-ve using an
phase cores marked 1) aluminium label stuck end to
end around the core.
2-Ve
NOTE — It is possible that LV ABC systems may have to be upgraded in the future to
compensate for unacceptable low voltage levels due to increased loads. Even though each
situation needs to be treated separately some upgrade recommendations, applicable to ABC,
are presented in section 4.1.6.4. In this unlikely event of upgrading single-phase lines to dual-
phase lines, use an aluminium label as described above to identify the cores.
4.4.1.5 The service connections shall be distributed between the two or three phases as determined
by the electrical planning function.
4.4.1.6 The most effective method of LV distribution is usually several radial feeders from each
transformer.
4.4.1.7 Design span and sag tables for LV ABC are given in annex B.
4.4.1.8 Clearances applicable to shared structures are given in table 4. Clearances applicable to
shared structures are given in table 5. Examples are given on drawings D-DT-0348 and D-DT-0349.
The maximum span that can be tolerated by Telkom shall be established from Telkom in the area.
Accommodation of Telkom maximum spans can be achieved by doing the following:
a) MV poles at design span length with a LV pole between to accommodate LV and Telkom
conductors; and
b) MV or LV poles at the Telkom span length, for example, 60 m.
Additional costs to accommodate Telkom shall be in accordance with the Eskom/Telkom agreement,
specified in NRS 043.
4.4.1.9 Cable ties in accordance with D-DT-3075 shall be used to avoid loosening the bundle at all
structures including transformer structures. The general positions of cable ties are shown on the
relevant structure drawings. Additional ties shall be fitted as required.
4.4.1.10 On all bare neutral ABC systems the neutral shall be insulated from the strain clamp to the
transformer connection with a UV protected covering. Refer to D-DT-3127.
RETICULATION
4.4.1.11 All ABC tails or ends shall be sealed using end caps.
4.4.1.12 As Eskom does not have a code of practice for the installation and use of ABC systems,
Eskom depends to a large extent on the ABC manufacturers and the ABC fittings industry to provide
training in this field. It shall be the responsibility of the construction contractor to ensure that his
workers have the required skills and that the manufacturer’s requirements are adhered to.
4.4.1.13 Only aluminium conductors shall be connected directly to low-voltage fuse units.
4.4.1.1 ABC to ABC and ABC to service connectors (refer to D-DT-0314)
a) Non-tension phase connections on ABC shall be made using a 95/35 - 95/35 IPC in accordance
with D-DT-3039 (Part 9)
b) Non-tension neutral connections on ABC shall be made using either:
1) one H crimp in accordance with D-DT-3019 (Part 9) per connection; or
2) two PG clamps in accordance with D-DT-3058 (Part 9) per connection.
c) The ABC shall be connected to the pole-top distribution box using either:
1) 35 - 95/6-25 IPC (refer to D-DT-3039 (Part 9)) for phase connections; or
2) H-crimp (refer to D-DT-3093 (Part 9) for neutral connections; or
3) 35-95 (PG)/6-25 (IPC) (refer to D-DT-3039 (Part 9)) for neutral connections; or
4) A PG clamp suitable for bi-metallic connections in a particular environment could be used in

exceptional circumstances. The PG clamp specification and the authority to use it shall be
obtained from the local Operating Division.
NOTE — The H-crimp is suitable for aluminium to copper connections only if, with the H-crimp vertically
positioned, the copper conductor is below the aluminium conductor and the crimp is performed with a tool
capable of exerting at least 10 tons and an ‘0’ die.
d) All workers performing crimp connections shall be certified as competent to do so by the project
construction manager.
e) Insulated neutral and bare neutral ABC systems.
Eskom has used both insulated neutral ABC systems and bare neutral ABC systems extensively in
the past, but has standardized on the bare neutral system. Insulated neutral ABC systems may be
extended using bare neutral ABC in accordance with this standard.
The connector used for connection of the insulated neutral ABC to the bare neutral ABC is shown
on D-DT-3039, (Part 9). Note that the connector is coloured white/cream to distinguish it from
other connectors.
RETICULATION
f) When upgrading ABC systems and when it is necessary to optimize customer connections on the
ABC run, it is better to leave the existing pole-top distribution boxes where they are and install new
ones at more desirable positions. This is to ensure that the ABC remains sealed against moisture
ingress.
g) Once an IPC connector has been applied to an ABC phase conductor (or any insulated conductor)
it shall not be removed. The ABC insulation cannot be repaired by the use of grease and tapes
and the ABC conductor and connector are best left as a system. Cut away phase conductors shall
have their ends sealed.
If the connection is in the wrong place leave it where it is and make a new connection at the desired
point.
4.4.2 Bare LV conductors
As with ABC systems, bare wire systems may be used for all the reticulation methods, i.e. three-phase,
single-phase, dual-phase and their practical combinations.
The bare wire system has the following benefits; it is
a) easy to rebalance;
b) simple to apply and has good reliability; and
c) easy to fault-find and maintain.
From an initial cost perspective it is suited to rural, low-density application with site conditions that allow
for long spans. It is also appropriate when an easy upgrade path is desired for the area.
Some of the things to be considered when comparing ABC and bare wire systems are as follows:
a) bare wire systems will require more maintenance than ABC, the total cost (initial and operating)
equalizes in about the tenth year and thereafter bare wire will cost more than ABC. (This was the
result of a study in KwaZulu Natal in 1990 and is a guide only);
b) a stricter earth to neutral clearance requirement (5,5 m) for bare wire systems;
c) more stringent safety requirements for bare wire systems; and
d) bare wire systems are less forgiving to poor initial installation practice than ABC.
The specific requirements for LV bare wire systems are as follows:
a) the conductors shall be arranged in a vertical configuration with the neutral conductor always being
closest to the ground i.e. the lowest conductor;
b) where dedicated street lighting circuits exist that cannot be interchanged, suspended earthing
devices may be installed;
RETICULATION
c) Connections
1) Bare wire to bare wire connections may be made with the bolted PG (type) clamps or other
acceptable crimping techniques i.e. the 4-point indent system, the Burndy system or H-crimps.
NOTE — H-crimps may be used for aluminium to copper connections provided that the copper is below the
aluminium and the correct tool and die is used.
2) Bare wire to insulated conductor connections.
i) Bare wire (normally ACSR or AAAC) to ABC.
— An L-tap and insulated lug bolted combination may be used.
— A suitably sized PG/IPC connector may be used. (Refer to D-DT-3039, Part 9).
ii) Bare wire to insulated service box lead
— 35-95 (PG) / 6-25(IPC). (Refer to D-DT-3039, Part 9)
— H-crimp.
— A PG clamp suitable for bi-metallic connections in a particular environment may be

used in exceptional circumstances. The PG clamp specification and the authority to
use it shall be obtained from the local Operating Division.
d) All bolted clamps used for connections shall have non-oxide grease applied.
e) The pole service box shall be installed 300 mm below the neutral /earth conductor.
f) The service box leads shall be stapled to the pole using double pin clips (Concentric clips) (refer to
D-DT-3039, Part 9)). Service boxes shall be installed on the side of the pole, i.e. at 90° to the
insulators or inline with the conductor.
g) The structure drawings show an eye-nut attached to the neutral hardware. This is to facilitate the
service connection at a higher attachment point and to obviate the need for additional pigtail bolts.
h) All nuts that are associated with insulator supports shall have nut retention paint applied.
j) All galvanized metal work that is cut on site shall have anti-corrosion treatment applied immediately
i.e. cold galvanizing.
k) The phase and neutral conductor position on the poles shall be as follows for the single-, dual- and
three-phase methods.
Three-phase Single-phase Dual-phase

White Phase (W,B,R) Phase +ve
Blue Neutral Phase -ve
Red Nil Neutral
Neutral Nil Nil
NB: Upgrading involves moving conductors to be inline with the above, or redoing the
connections to suit. Pre-energization tests to ensure correct connections are mandatory.
l) Upgrading
RETICULATION
1) Where conditions allow, poles shall be installed at maximum spacing (100 m to 115 m). Phase
separators shall be installed for spacing greater than 80 m. The spacing shall allow for future
intermediate installations thus the initial spacing shall be in multiples to allow for final spacing
exceeding 40 m.
2) When upgrades occur, additional hardware is installed, conductors are run out, service boxes
are reset and loads are balanced.
3) With the latest technology developments, more emphasis shall be placed on dual-phase LV
networks and dual-phase transformers, with upgradeable backbones and lateral feeders placed
as close to the load as possible so as to facilitate the use of 4mm² concentric service cable.
m) Standard conductors
1) ACSR : Squirrel, Fox, Mink, Hare.
2) AAAC : Acacia, Pine, 35, Oak.
n) Only aluminium conductors shall be connected to low-voltage fuse units.
4.5 Minimum conductor clearances (in span)
4.5.1 The minimum clearances for bare overhead conductors shall be in accordance with the
OHS Act. These clearances are given in table 4.
RETICULATION
Table 4 — Clearance (at maximum sag or swing as applicable)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Ground Above Above Along Across Across Telkom Buil Other
Outside Inside Railways Township Roads Com- Private Insula- -dings Power
towns towns and main roads parallel munal property ted and lines
roads with land struc-
entry/ tures
exit
(m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m)
MV
24 kV 5,2 5,5 6,4 5,5 5,5 5,5 5,5 0,9 3,0 0,9
12 kV 5,1 5,5 6,3 5,5 5,5 5,5 5,5 0,9 3,0 0,8
7,2 kV 5,0 5,5 6,2 5,5 5,5 5,5 5,5 0,9 3,0 0,7
LV bare wire
420 V/230 V 4,9 5,5 6,1 5,5 5,5 5,5 5,5 0,6 3,0 0,6
LV insulated
ABC 420 V/230 V - 3,3 5,1 4,7 3,5 3,3 3,3 0,2 3,0 0,6
Concentric 230 V - 3,0 5,1 4,7 3,0 3,0 2,5 0,2 3,0 0,6
An LV or Telkom pole position at a MV midspan is considered to be a separate structure, hence 3 m clearance required.
NOTES
1 Column 2 is the minimum clearance of conductor to ground outside built-up areas.
2 Column 3 is the minimum clearance of conductor to ground inside built-up areas.
3 Column 4 is the minimum clearance to railway lines and proclaimed roads.
4 Column 5 is the minimum clearance to unproclaimed roads used by vehicles such as delivery vans and buses.
5 Column 6 is the minimum clearance to ground where lines run parallel to any road used by vehicles and vehicle entries/exits to the road cross
underneath the line.
6 Column 7 is the minimum clearance to ground in areas used by the community such as tracks or walkways.
7 Column 8 is the minimum clearance to ground in an area owned by one owner.
8 Column 9 is the minimum clearance to Telkom cable supported on the same structures.
9 Column 10 is the minimum clearance to buildings and structures not forming part of the network, including a LV/Telkom pole installed midspan
underneath a MV line.
10 Column 11 is the minimum clearance to other power lines excluding the conditions listed in column 9.
4.5.2 Sag and ground clearances shall be calculated using the conductor operating temperature and
this can be assumed to be 50 °C, unless the operating temperature is more than this value.
4.5.3 A minimum conductor temperature of 50 °C shall be used to determine clearances under

conductor swing conditions. The swing angle shall be that corresponding to 500 Pa of wind pressure.
These separation distances shall apply under all operating and environmental conditions.
4.5.4 ABC with a bare neutral is classed as a fully insulated system.
4.5.5 Conductive poles resistance to earth should be such that the pole does not become alive during
an earth fault. No further earthing is required on poles bonded to an LV neutral.
4.5.6 Whenever a part of an insulated conductor is bare at the structure (e.g. a bare terminal) then the
bare conductor separation distances shall apply.
4.5.7 Bare conductor clearances above water shall comply with the clearances in table 3 unless the
activities taking place in the water (i.e. sailing, navigation, etc) require greater clearance to be used.
4.6 Telkom conditions for sharing of services
4.6.1 Clearances (minimum) for shared services
The minimum attachment spacing between Eskom and Telkom services are listed in table 5.
Table 5 — Attachment spacing

RETICULATION
1 2 3 4
MV LV
Bare Insulated Bare Insulated
2m 0,9 m 1,2 m 0,9 m
4.6.1.1 The minimum attachment clearance between an insulated power conductor and a Telkom
conductor on the same structure or adjacent structures along the same reticulation route shall be
0,9 m.
4.6.1.2 There are no restrictions on the Eskom conductor type as specified in this document.
4.6.1.3 Separation distances at attachment points are between the telecommunication cable and the
lowest attachment point of the power conductor or the lowest attachment point of the service
distribution box.
Table 6 lists the minimum Telkom clearances.
Table 6 — Ground clearance of telecommunication cables
1 2
Location of route Minimum ground
clearance
1) Across non-electrified railways 6,10
2) Across any national road 6,50
3) Across abnormal provincial roads 7,50
4) Across other provincial roads 6,10*
5) Across other public roads 6,10
6) Across streets, roads other than (2), (3), or (4) above, or across privately owned railway 5,50
tracks in or near towns
7) Across private roads or railway tracks not in or near towns 4,90
8) Along streets (including midblock), roads or privately owned railway lines in or near towns. 3,70
9) Along country roads or railway lines, or over veld or private lands other than (10). 3,00
10) Over cultivated farm lands and across points of entry into cultivated lands. 4,90
* This may be reduced to 5,5 m subject to negotiation with provincial authorities.
4.6.2 Telkom and Eskom service conductors may be hung from the same attachment points on the
4 m/5 m poles only if no electrical connection points exist on the pole top in question.
4.6.3 Conditions
4.6.3.1 The clearances in tables 4, 5 and 6 are mandatory and no deviation shall be permitted without
the written agreement of Telkom and the power supply authority.
4.6.3.2 Earth connection of conductive poles resistance to earth shall be such that the pole does not
become live during an earth fault. No further earthing is required on poles bonded to an LV neutral.
4.6.3.3 Telkom employees are required to go through a basic training as specified in the Eskom
training course before they can do work on power line structures.
4.6.3.4 Stay anchors shall be supplied by each authority where they deem it necessary.
RETICULATION
4.6.3.5 All plans for residential areas electrification shall be submitted to Telkom in the prescribed
manner. (See EMR22 of the OHS Act). In view of the time factor involved in the submission and
approval of plans it is strongly recommended that the proposed layout be clearly shown on acceptable
plans and discussed with Telkom Regional representatives in the earliest stage of the project.
4.6.3.6 Telkom will provide Eskom with a request for any shared circuits.
4.6.3.7 Eskom should only agree to sharing of circuits if Telkom’s contribution to the shared circuits is
greater than any additional Eskom expenditure to accommodate Telkom.
4.7 Protection
The requirements for protection of the low-voltage system are as follows:
4.7.1 The rating of the protective device applied at the transformer LV shall be chosen in order that
the lowest possible phase-to-neutral fault level on an LV distributor will operate the device. In order to
ensure this :
a) LV distributors protected by CSP type circuit-breakers shall have a minimum phase-to-neutral fault
level of 2 the full load rating of the transformer; and
b) LV distributors protected by fuses shall have a minimum phase-to-neutral fault level of 1,6 the
fuse rating i.e. the conventional fusing of the fuse.
Where this cannot be achieved suitable fuses shall be applied down the line.
4.7.2 On bare wire LV systems the protective device applied at the transformer LV or any point down
line shall ensure that the lowest possible phase-to-neutral fault level within its zone of protection will
result in a protection operating time of less than 100 s.
4.7.3 CSP type transformers have an internal oil immersed circuit-breaker that protects the
transformer against overloading. The circuit-breaker can also provide adequate protection of LV ABC
distributors if the full load rating of the transformer that it protects is less than 70 % of the full load
rating of the conductor.
Where 100 kVA or 200 kVA CSP transformers supply 35 mm² ABC and 70 mm² ABC this requirement
is not always met, however the circuit-breaker will protect the ABC provided the LV distributor does not
exceed the length specified in table 7:
Table 7 — Maximum protected lengths of ABC
1 2 3
Transformer Maximum recommended length Minimum recommended
of 35 mm² ABC length of 70 mm2 ABC
100 kVA 250 m See 4.7.3
200 kVA Will not protect ABC 170 m
4.7.4 Transformers without internal oil immersed circuit-breakers shall be equipped with external
fuses using the following guidelines:
a) 16 kVA single-phase 1 80 A HRC fuse.
b) 32 kVA dual-phase 2 80 A HRC fuses.

RETICULATION
c) 50 kVA three-phase 3 80 A fuses
d) 100 kVA three-phase 3 160 A HRC fuses
e) 200 kVA three-phase 2 3 160 A HRC fuses
The fuses will also provide adequate protection for the LV distributor if the fuse rating is less than the
full load rating of the conductor used for the LV distribution.
Where 100 kVA or 200 kVA transformers with 160 A fuses supply 35 mm² ABC this requirement is not
met, however the fuse will protect the ABC provided the LV distributor does not exceed the length
specified in table 8:
Table 8 — Maximum protected lengths of ABC
Transformer Maximum recommended length of

35 mm² ABC
100 kVA 280 m
200 kVA 290 m
4.7.5 Service cables of the concentric type originate from a pole-top box that is equipped with a 50 A
MCB. This will grade reasonably with the transformer protection and the customer’s installation.
Overload protection of the service cable is provided by the load limiting function of the electricity
dispenser (ED) or energy control unit (ECU).
Further details regarding the low-voltage protection philosophy are given in SCSAGAAF5 and
SCSAGAAH8.
4.7.6 Where used, the ED is equipped with a single-pole isolator and the ready-board has 20 A
standard curve MCBs and an earth leakage unit (double-pole isolation). Alternatively the energy
control unit (ECU) is equipped with an earth leakage unit only.
4.8 Transformers and surge arresters
4.8.1 Transformers
Transformers shall comply with the following:
a) Transformers can either be the completely self protected (CSP) type or the standard SABS 780
type in accordance with SCSSCAAH4.
RETICULATION
b) The preferred sizes for transformers are 16 kVA (single-phase), 32 kVA (dual-phase), and 100 kVA
(three-phase) and 200 kVA (three-phase). The actual size will depend on the ADMD predicted for
the supply area and load platform. The time/overload capacity of the transformer shall be
considered to ensure cost effective design and the full overload capability of the transformer shall
be used in estimating the number of customers / transformers for a specific ADMD.
c) All transformers shall be earthed in accordance with drawing D-DT-0627 in SCSASAAL9.
d) The transformer LV connection shall be made in accordance with drawing D-DT-0308 for CSP
units or drawing D-DT-0309 for the SABS 780 type.
The LV earth may be positioned at the transformer (preferred) or one span away on at least two
feeders. The choice will depend on the prevailing circumstances, however the MV and LV earths shall
be at least 5 m apart.
4.8.2 Surge arresters
An LV surge arrester shall be placed between the LV neutral bushing and the transformer tank to
protect the transformer during transient fault conditions. The connection shall be in accordance with
D-DT-0308 for CSP transformers and D-DT-0356 for SABS 780 transformers.
4.8.3 LV connections and jumpers
Line taps shall be used to connect the LV conductor jumpers to the transformer neutral bushings. Up to
3 70 mm ABC jumpers may be connected into one linetap, if more jumpers are connected insulated
2
lugs shall be used. Care shall be taken with the installation of the line-taps to ensure proper
connection.
LV fuse unit
The LV fuse units shall be positioned in a way that facilitates ease of operation from ground level using
a link stick with the appropriate attachments. The units shall be placed below the LV conductor and the
position shall also allow for future LV units to be installed where upgrading of the network is
anticipated. The transformer structure drawing D-DT-0309 indicates proposed fuse unit positions for
up to 4 units. Typically, two LV feeders can be fed from one fuse unit.
LV jumpering
The LV jumpering shall be bunched together and neatly routed from the transformer bushings to the LV
fuse units at right angles, where possible, to ensure a tidy appearance. The ABC shall not be bent in an
arc with a radius of less than 200mm so that the entry point is not under stress. Sharp bends shall be
avoided. In the case of a bare neutral conductor the neutral shall be covered with LPDE tubing, in
accordance with D-DT-3127, from the neutral bushing to the LV fuse unit. The jumpering shall be
routed in such a way that it will not chafe against sharp objects. Cable ties can also be used to keep
the jumpering in position: stainless steel strapping is not recommended. A separate set of jumpers is
required for each fuse unit. The neutral conductor shall bypass the fuse unit and shall not be broken.
RETICULATION
LV surge arrester
The recommended location for the LV surge arrester is against the pole but the conductor to the surge
arrester shall be kept to a minimum. The surge arrester will explode at the bottom should the power
transferred during a surge exceed the rating of the surge arrester. Therefore the surge arrestor shall
be positioned so that when the surge arrester operates, it will do so without damage to other
equipment, especially the jumpering and the LV fuse unit. It is important that the conductor to the
bottom of the surge arrester is soft and flexible in order to assist operation.
LV feeder take off
The LV feeder shall be located at a position that maintains ground clearance from the transformer and
MV network. Typically the attachment of the LV feeders shall be 300 mm below the transformer
4.9 Earthing installation and tests

Installation earthing and earth tests shall be carried out in accordance with NRS 016, and
SCSASAAL9, with particular reference to D-DT-0627 in SCSASAAL9.
4.10 Poles and stays

Poles may be either wood or concrete. The preference of the local engineering area shall be
established. Concrete and wooden poles of the same height are not inter-changeable without
considering the stresses they can withstand. Poles shall be selected in accordance with SCSSCAAO1.
a) Safety factors
1) Wood pole structures shall be designed with a safety factor of 2,7 in the case of suspension
structures and 4,5 in the case of strain structures.
2) Concrete poles are designed with a safety factor of 2 for both strain and suspension structures.
b) Specifications of pole lengths
1) Wood poles shall comply with SCSSCAAD7. Standard wood pole lengths are 5 m, 7 m, 9m,
10 m, 11 m, 12 m and 13 m.
2) Concrete poles shall be manufactured in accordance with DTC 0106. The standard concrete
pole lengths are 4 m, 7 m, 9 m, 10 m and 11 m. The design drawings of standard concrete
poles used are given in Annex J.
c) It can be cost effective for LV, MV, street lighting and telephone services to share poles. This shall
be undertaken whenever practical and appropriate. If MV and LV share the same structure then a
taller pole shall be used with the LV connections at the same height above the ground as for LV
alone. Refer to D-DT-0335 and D-DT-0336 of SCSASAAP1.
d) Where conductive poles e.g. steel, are used, all conductive parts shall be bonded to the LV neutral.
Concrete poles are considered semi conductive and do not need to be bonded to the LV neutral:
e) The planting depths of concrete and wood poles are specified in table 9;
RETICULATION
Table 9 — Planting depths of equivalent concrete and wood poles
1 2 3 4 5 6
Concrete poles Wooden poles 55 MPa
Length Strength Planting depth Length Pole top Planting depth
m kN mm m mm mm
4 1 800 5 80 1 000
7 4 1 300 7 120 1 300
9 6 1 500 9 140 1 500
10 8 1 800 10 160 1 800
10 (Trf.) 8 1 800 10(Trf.) 180 1 800
11 8 1 800 11 160 1 800
12 200 2 000
13 200 2 200
NOTE — These are recommended pole sizes. If other sizes are used Distribution Technology shall be consulted.
f) Planting poles
1) Pole holes shall be dug in such a way that the longest side of the hole dug for the pole is
parallel to the feeder line, the hole shall be dug so that the width is as narrow as possible whilst
allowing the pole to be planted to the correct depth.
2) Base plates shall be installed for intermediate poles where there are poor soil conditions.
3) Base plates shall be installed for transformer and stayed poles in all soil conditions.
4) After a pole has been planted to the required depth, the soil that is to be filled into the hole shall
be slightly damp. If the soil is held in the hand and squeezed, it shall stay as it was squeezed
after opening the hand: that will indicate an optimum moisture content to ensure good soil
compaction.
g) Compaction
Compaction shall be in accordance with SCSSCAAO1.
h) Stays may be of the conventional type in accordance with D-DT-0165 or of the percussion type. An
example using the “mule stay” is shown on D-DT-0350 sheet 2. Stay rod installation is shown on
D-DT-0350 sheet 1.
4.11 Service connections

The service connections shall conform to the requirements of SCSASAAS3.
4.12 Customer installations

The customer installations shall conform to the requirements of SCSASAAS3.
4.13 Customer metering

The customer metering shall conform to the requirements of SCSASAAS3.
RETICULATION
4.14 Drawings
Structure drawings for bare wire and ABC overhead reticulation systems and a list thereof, can be
found in annex J.
A separate structure drawing for each reticulation method (single-phase, dual-phase, three-phase), for
bare wire and ABC and for wood and concrete poles is provided.
NOTE — Bare wire lines are constructed on woodpoles only.
4.15 Bills of materials (BOM)

A bill of materials in list form is not provided, however all the materials required are described on each
drawing and are referenced to SCSPVAAT6.
4.16 DT Project
A program called DT Project will be available from Distribution Technology, Simmerpan or the Local
Operating Divisions.
This tool will be used to provide a complete Bill of Resources for all structure types and conductor
combinations used on a particular project. It will interface with CAD systems and the Eskom Project
Management system (BMS) to provide the necessary Bills of Resources. (Refer to local operating
divisions for clarification).
4.17 BMS codification

This is derived from DT project and does not form part of this standard except for the conceptual
descriptions given in annex H.
4.18 Marking and labelling
4.18.1 Statutory requirements
All controlling apparatus shall be permanently marked or labelled so as to identify the system or part of
the system or the electrical machinery that it controls, and, where such control apparatus is accessible
from the front and back, these markings shall be on both the front and the back.
NOTE — Dymotape, masking tape, etc., are not a permanent labels and may not be used under any circumstances.
The Local Operating Division labelling requirements are to be established and used for reticulation in that area.
4.18.2 Labelling requirements
All labels shall be permanently and indelibly inscribed and of a size that can be read from ground level
and shall be in accordance with ESKASAAN0.
4.18.2.1 Label colours
All labels shall have black letters on a yellow background.
4.18.2.2 Label sizes
The label size shall be in accordance with the labelling requirements. The material used shall be
durable and resistant to ultraviolet and pollution. Recommended materials are: Iscor Chromodek
0,6 mm (Ref. PO4008 yellow) or aluminum alloy 25 painted with PVF2 yellow.
RETICULATION
All lettering / numbering shall be a minimum of 50 mm high. It is recommended that Scotch vinyl
decals (Ref. GSP220) be used.
4.18.2.3 Label position
The label shall be positioned in such a way that it is:
a) readable from ground level from the direction that is most logical from an operational perspective.
b) not accessible to the public.
4.18.2.4 Equipment to be labelled
at transformer:
a) each feeder
b) LV fuses or circuit-breakers
along the line:
pole-top boxes.
5 Tests and commissioning

To ensure the safe and reliable operation of a reticulation system the visual inspections and electrical
tests shall be done before and after permanent energizing.
Sample inspection and test sheets are given in annexes F and G for use by the project resources. The
OHS ACT shall be the minimum requirement for testing and inspection.
5.1 Electrical tests
5.1.1 Insulation resistance tests
Disconnect the LV feeders at the transformer. With all pole-top box MCBs switched off use a 1 kV
insulation tester and test between each phase and earth as well as between phases. Care shall be
taken to discharge the ABC before disconnecting the insulation tester leads. Record readings on a test
result sheet (annex H).
Expected results are 1 M or higher between phases and 1 M or higher between phase and neutral.
If the results are below 1 M, corrective action shall be taken.
5.1.2 Earth resistance tests
These tests shall be done in accordance with SCSASAAL9. These tests shall be done after the
insulation test.
Annex A
(normative)
RETICULATION
Conductor properties
Aerial Bundled Conductor (Refer SCSSCAAD5)
ACSR
AAAC
RETICULATION
Conductor properties — LV ABC
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Thickness of dielectric
Conductor
mm (Note 1)
Type of conductor of core Conductor Number of Resistance at Diameter of Breaking
size mm2 wires 20 °C conductor force
/ km max. mm N
Min Max Min Average Min Max
Phase 35 7 0,868 6,6 7,5 4500 1,3 1,1 1,5
(aluminum) 70 19 0,443 9,3 10,2 8900 1,5 1,3 1,7
35 7 0,986 6,6 7,5 10300 N/A N/A N/A
Supporting & neutral
(aluminum alloy)
50 7 0,720 7,7 8,4 14200 N/A N/A N/A
NOTE 1 — Columns 8 and 9 show the preferred radials as these are believed to be the most cost effective. Due to the manufacturing technology differences which may exist products
with up to the following radial thicknesses will not be rejected provided that they are within the concentricity requirements described below:
Table of maximum dielectric thicknesses and concentricity
Core (mm2) Average (mm) Maximum (mm) Minimum (,,)
35 1,6 1,8 1,5
70 1,8 2,0 1,5
RETICULATION
Conductor properties — ACSR & AAAC
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Conductor Stranding Copper Mechanical properties Coeff. Electrical properties
Code and wire dia. Equiv. Overall Total Mass Breaking Final of linear D.C. res. Rating
Name Area Dia. Area Load Modulus expansion @ 20°C @ 75°C
mm mm2 mm mm2 kg/km kg GPa 10-6 / °C /km A
Table A1 - ACSR (Aluminium Conductor Steel Reinforced) - Extra Strong

Magpie 3/4/2,118 6,65 6,35 24,71 139,7 1893 133,76 13,68 2,707 78
Table A2 - ACSR (Aluminium Conductor Steel Reinforced

Squirrel 6/1/2,11 12,9 6,33 24,48 85,2 818 80,4 19,31 1,3677 110
Fox 6/1/2,79 22,58 8,37 42,8 149 1340 80,4 19,31 0,7822 155
Mink 6/1/3,66 38,71 10,98 73,65 257 2230 80,4 19,31 0,4546 215
Hare 6/1/4,72 64,52 14,16 122,48 427 3670 80,4 19,31 0,2733 290
Table A3 - AAAC (Aluminium Conductor Aluminium Alloy reinforced)

Acacia 7/2,08 13 6,24 23,79 65 682 61 23 1,39 110
35 7/2,77 22 8,31 42,18 115 1210 61 23 0,785 155
Pine 7/3,61 38 10,83 71,65 196 2060 61 23 0,462 215
Oak 7/4,65 63 13,95 118,9 325 3400 61 23 0,279 290
Table A4 - Galvanized Steel Wire

1/4 1/4,00 – 4 12,57 102 1410 193 11,52 14,67 27
3/3,35 3/3,35 – 7,35 26,44 215 2910 191 11,52 7,4 41
RETICULATION
Annex B
(normative)
Design spans for bare neutral ABC systems

RETICULATION
Annex C
(normative)
Design spans for ACSR bare wire systems

RETICULATION
Annex D
(normative)
Design spans for AAAC bare wire systems

RETICULATION
Annex E
(informative)
Urban reticulation
Typical mid block design
RETICULATION
Annex F
(normative)
Reticulation — Inspection sheet

ESKOM
PROJECT
QUALITY ASSURANCE
Page 1 of 4
ELECTRIFICATION - INSPECTION SHEET
PROJECT NAME : ______________________________DISTRICT : ________________________
PROJECT DESCRIPTION :
_________________________________________________________________________
CONTRACTOR : ___________________________ REPRESENTATIVE : ___________________

Company Name Print Name
CONSULTANT : ___________________________ REPRESENTATIVE : __________________

INSPECTION CRITERIA : INITIAL ACCEPTANCE

DESCRIPTION Yes No Remarks Contractor Eskom
Site Store - Store facilities suitable
- Dead-ends/Guygrips
stored indoors
- Storeman
- Record of all material/
proper documentation
- Received
- Issued (Daily)
- Storage/Stacking
- Poles
- Conductor
- Hardware
- Wastage
- Materials damaged
- Surplus materials
- Material problems
(not to specification)
Material - Handling
Pegging
Excavations - Depth
- Hole orientation
- Barricading
Poles planted - Planting depth
- Pole planting equipment
- Plumbness of poles
- In line of poles
- Pole orientation (Weak axis in
line)
- Span length
- Compaction - Tested
RETICULATION
Annex F
(continued)
ESKOM
PROJECT
QUALITY ASSURANCE
Page 2 of 4
Stays/Flying Stays/Struts
- Excavations correct
- Depth of excavations
- Compaction tested
- Stay insulator fitter
- Stays in line
- Stay depth
- Stay angle (Bi-sector)
- Thimbles fitted
- Stay bracket orientation
- Guy crimps locked
- Kick plates + 400 mm wood
poles
- Anti-climb devices
- Stay guards
- Planing depth of struts
Stringing - Stringing equipment checked
- Running out of conductor
- Sagging
- Joints - midspan (full tension)
- jumpers (non tension)
- Preforms locked
Clearances - MV
- Transformer installations
- Link installations
- Strainer installations-
- Stays/Struts
- Trees (min. 3 m)
- Road/Telkom crossings
(as per attached tables)
- LV
- Ground clearance (min. 3,3 m)
- Structures (min. 2 m)
- Road crossings (min. 4,7 m)
- Tress (min. 1 m)
Earthing-MV - TRFR/Link structures
(3 point star arrangement)
- Surge arresters earthed
(jumpers-short/straight)
- MV/LV earths separated (5 m)
- Earth readings (witness tests)
RETICULATION
Annex F
(continued)
ESKOM
PROJECT
QUALITY ASSURANCE
Page 3 of 4
- LV
All spurs earthed (1st pole away from transformer
-
structure - 5m separation)
- Bare neutral conductor bonded to earth ferrule
on earthed poles
Pole-mounted boxes
- Phase conductor - IPC connectors(black)
- Neutral conductor - IPC connectors (blue)
- Earth conductor - IPC connectors (blue) or
- Neutral conductor - PG clamp
- Earth conductor - PG clamp or
- Neutral/Earth - one crimp connector for both
- Bridge installed (neutral/earth bars in box)
NOTE - On structures carrying MV and LV, pole-mounted

boxes must be mounted below bundle conductor.
Bundled conductor (ABC) connections

- Phase-Phase IPC connectors (black)
- Neutral-Neutral - 2 bolt PG clamp or
1 x crimp connector
Transformer installations
- Transformer mounted on broad face off pole
- Danger label
- LV box
- Neutral SA installed
- Phases connected
- Line taps (check clearance)
- Insulated lugs (check crimping/damage) to
insulation/correct lug for conductor)
- Neutral conductor insulated from stain clamp to
bushing
- Compression gland fitted
- Clearances in box
- Bundle conductor (each spur) entered into box
(no jumpers)
- Open holes in box blanked off
- Lock nuts used on LV bushings
- No pole mounted boxes on Trfr struct.
- Is the LV neutral fitted mechnically tight on the
transformer bushing?
- Is the LV blue phase fitted mechanically tight on
the transformer bushing?
- Is the LV red phase fitted mechanially tight on the
transformer bushing?
- Is the LV white phase fitted mechanially tight on
the transformer bushing?
RETICULATION
Annex F
(continued)
ESKOM
PROJECT
QUALITY ASSURANCE
Page 4 of 4
INSPECTION DONE BY: ____________________________ ____________________________

Print Name
____________________________ ____________________________
Signature Date
CONTRACTOR: ____________________________ ____________________________

Print Name
____________________________ ____________________________
Signature Date
CONSULTANT: ____________________________ ____________________________

Print Name
____________________________ ____________________________
Signature Date
RETICULATION
Annex F
(continued)
ESKOM
PROJECT
QUALITY ASSURANCE
Page 1 of 2
SITE STORES - INSPECTION SHEET
PROJECT NAME : ______________________________DISTRICT : ________________________
PROJECT DESCRIPTION :
_________________________________________________________________________
CONTRACTOR : ___________________________ REPRESENTATIVE : ___________________

Company Name
CONSULTANT : ___________________________ REPRESENTATIVE : __________________

INSPECTION CRITERIA : (NB: Inspection to be done against attached specification) ACCEPTED

DESCRIPTION Yes No
Site Store
- Storage area demarcated with respect to material types
- Mesh security fence 2,4 m high with rolled razor top wire
- Gates positioned as per specification
- Access controlled 24 h a day
- Issue and receipt of material controlled by an appointed person
- Risk items (i.e. copper) secured under lock and key including scrap copper
- Smaller items (i.e. nuts, bolts, clamps, etc.) kept in stilages (steel mesh
baskets)
- Standard incident reporting system maintained
Storage/Handling
Materials packed and stored in a way
- that it is easily assessible
- that it is easily countable
- to prohibit deterioration
- to make handling safe and easy
- that handling does not constitute a danger to other material
All material stored within storage area
Security lighting to cover entire area
Material record keeping

Record keeping system
- Computer as per specification (Electrification/major reticulation contracts)
Material deliveries to site recorded
Material issued for construction recorded
RETICULATION
Annex F
(continued)
ESKOM
PROJECT
QUALITY ASSURANCE
Page 2 of 2
Storeman
Name: _________________________________________
Skilled / Unskilled: _________________________________________
Computer literate: YES NO
INSPECTION DONE BY: ____________________________ ____________________________

Print Name
____________________________ ____________________________
Signature Date
CONTRACTOR/STOREMAN: _______________________ ____________________________

Print Name
____________________________ ____________________________
Signature Date
RETICULATION
Annex F
(continued)
Specification for site storage area and security
F.1 Electrification and major reticulation projects
F.1.1 Site store
The successful Contractor shall be responsible for ensuring that:
a) Storage area is suitably demarcated with respect to material types.
b) Mesh security fence is 2,4 m high with rolled razor wire fixed to top. Gates shall be positioned in
such a way that delivery vehicles can pass through without having to turn around.
c) Access is controlled 24 h a day.
d) Issued and receipt of material is controlled by an appointed person.
e) Risks items such as copper are secured preferably under lock and key. This includes copper
scrap. Smaller items such as nuts, bolts, clamps, lugs, etc., shall be kept in stillages. (steel mesh
baskets)
f) Loss of material is immediately reported to the Consulting Engineer / Local Eskom Security, Project
Manager or Project Co-ordinator / COW. The standard incident reporting system is maintained.
g) Material description, quantities and condition are all verified by Eskom Construction / Contractor in
conjunction with Logistics before signing of picking tickets and leaving Eskom store.
h) Eskom approved under cover storage is available for items that can be damaged by rain.
Electricity shall be supplied by the contractor.
F.1.2 Storage practices
Materials shall always be packed and stored so that:
a) they are easily accessible;
b) they are easily countable at stock-taking times;
c) deterioration of the item is prevented;
d) handling is safe and easy;
e) handling of materials does not constitute a danger to other materials.
All material shall be stored within the storage area.
Security lighting shall cover the entire storage area.

RETICULATION
Annex F
(continued)
F.1.3 Materials supplied by Eskom for incorporating into the works by the contractor
A good record-keeping system that controls quantities on site shall be in place. All new deliveries to
the site-store and all materials issued for construction shall be recorded. It shall at any time be
possible for the Project Manager to establish from these records exactly what material is in the store or
has been erected. These figures will regularly be compared to the actual quantities measured on site
and the formal Eskom issuing invoices.
The contractor shall have a computer on site to use to facilitate accurate material stock control. Stock
control software and training can be obtained through the Employer. The contractor’s computer literate
storeman shall be available for training. The computer shall have a minimum:
Computer : 486 . DX2 - 50

Hard drive : 1G byte
Ram : 16M byte
Stiffy Disk drive : 1,44M byte
14” Colour screen
Dot Matrix Printer
200 VA UPS
220 V generator and UPS if no electricity is available
Stock control software and Windows operating system
Stock control system requirements
Programme Otokon
Databasis SQL
Training 1 day course
Computer Contractor to provide
Staff required per project
1 x computer operator (Site Storeman)
1 x Semi skilled labourer at Eskom stores to verify quantities
It will at all times be assumed that the contractor has ensured upon issue of material that there is no
visible damage to it. In the case of damaged material, acceptance shall be refused. If a dispute arises
the Project Co-ordinator shall be called in for a decision. Damaged material found on site will be
replaced at the contractor’s cost and no extension of contract time will be granted for any extra delivery
time.
Liability for inherent defects in Eskom-issued material shall not lie with the contractor and if defects in
material or in the works due to the use of latently defective material is discovered, new material will be
issued free of charge and the contractor compensated for any additional expenses incurred due to
these defects, including delivery costs. If warranted, extension of contract time will also be granted.
A detailed programme of the works including an indication of when and in what quantities material will
be required, shall be provided by the contractor within two weeks of award of the tender. This list will
form the basis on which material will be made available by Eskom, notwithstanding the fact that a
general indication of the expected flow of material was provided. It shall be a requirement of the
contract that at least two weeks advance notice be given when any specific material will be required.
Failure to give advance notice may lead to the late issue thereof in which case any resultant loss of
time will be the contractor’s responsibility and no extension of the contract period will be granted. This
shall apply where material is ordered for which no requirement was stated in the programme of works.
RETICULATION
Annex F
(concluded)
Once the material has been issued, the off-loading and safekeeping thereof shall be the responsibility
of the contractor. He shall make the necessary arrangements for safe storage on site, offering
adequate protection against theft, damage, wind and weather. The responsibility for material against
any form of damage or theft after issue thereof shall also rest with the contractor. Procedure PEN
70/005 Rev 0 “Decommissioning of Northern Engineering Division Capital Assets” in conjunction with
ACP 60 shall form the basis to be adhered to.
Excess project material shall be returned to stores within 14 days of project completion for minor items
and immediately for major items. No material shall be left on site once the construction camp has
been relocated.
The contractor shall negotiate a fenced camp with the store manager, to collect material when it
becomes available. Preferably the contractor shall provide a container with lockable facilities and a
storeman to keep record of material obtained and to verify the picking tickets. The storeman shall also
be able to communicate with the office in order to arrange transport for material delivery to site.
F.2 House connection contracts

If agreed with the infrastructure contractor, the same storage area can be utilized. A separate store
shall be maintained by the house connection contractor.
F.2.1 Site store
A Kardex system shall be implemented on all Construction Site Stores for house connection material
control.
The following information shall be reflected on the Kardex cards:
a) date of receipt and issuing of material;
b) document number (delivery note number, picking ticket, list number);
c) quantities received;
d) quantities issued; and
e) balance.
Once a month a full stock take shall be done by the storeman and any abnormalities reported to the
Site Supervisor.
If not sharing the site store area with the infrastructure contractor, a suitable storage area that will
include adequate under cover storage security and lighting shall be identified.
The store shall not carry material for more than 300 6700 connections at any time.
Delivery and verification of all materials issued, shall be the responsibility of the contractor.
Storage practices : as for electrification.
Return excess materials : as for electrification
All materials shall be stored in the storage area.
Annex G
(informative)
RETICULATION
Electrical test record sheet

Township reticulation scheme :
_________________________________________________________
Date : ______________________ Testers name : ______________________________________

Address : ______________________________________
Tel. No.: ______________________________________
Transformer No.: ________________________

MV Voltage ________________________ kV.
G.1 LV ABC insulation resistance

R-W _________ MW at 1 kV
W-B _________ MW at 1 kV
B-R _________ MW at 1 kV
R-N _________ MW at 1 kV
W-N _________ MW at 1 kV
B-N _________ MW at 1 kV
Instrument used _____________ Instrument No. _____________________
G.2 Earth resistance tests

In accordance with part 2 of the Distribution Standard.
Attach test results.
G.3 Voltage level tests
G.3.1 No load voltage levels at terminal points on
Feeder 1 Feeder 2 Feeder 3
R-N______V R-W______V R-N______V R-W______V R-N______V R-W______V

W-N______V W-B______V W-N______V W-B______V W-N______V W-B______V
B-N______V B-R______V B-N______V B-R______V B-N______V B-R_______V
G.3.2 Voltage tests at houses
Is it within statutory limits?
G.3.3 Full load voltage levels at terminal points on :
Feeder 1 Feeder 2 Feeder 3
R-N______V R-W______V R-N______V R-W______V R-N______V R-W______V

W-N______V W-B______V W-N______V W-B______V W-N______V W-B______V
B-N______V B-R______V B-N______V B-R______V B-N______V B-R_______V
RETICULATION
Annex H
(informative)
BMS codification structure using the DT project tool

RETICULATION
Annex J
(normative)
List of drawings
The following drawings form part of this annex:
J.1 List of three-phase ABC wood pole drawings

No. Description Rev
D-DT-1100 ABC Suspension Assembly 0-30 3
D-DT-1120 LABC Terminal Assembly 4
D-DT-1121 ABC Strain Assembly (0-60°) 5
D-DT-1140 ABC T from Intermediate 4
D-DT-1141 ABC Intermediate Suspension Assembly 4
D-DT-1142 ABC T from Strain 4
D-DT-1143 ABC X Intermediate-Strain Assembly 4
J.2 List of three-phase bare wire wood pole drawings

No. Description Rev
D-DT-0920 Intermediate Assembly 4
D-DT-0921 In line strain Assembly 4
D-DT-0922 Angle Assembly 1-100° 4
D-DT-0924 Terminal Assembly 4
D-DT-0925 T-off from Intermediate 4
D-DT-0926 Intermediate-Intermediate Crossing 4
D-DT-0927 T-off from strain 4
D-DT-0928 Cable to BW connection 2
D-DT-0929 Service Box connection 4
D-DT-0932 ABC to BW connection 2
D-DT-0934 Intermediate-Strain Crossing 2
D-DT-0935 Strain-Strain Crossing 3
J.3 List of dual-phase ABC wood pole drawings

No. Description Rev
D-DT-1146 LABC Terminal Assembly 0
Annex J
(continued)
RETICULATION
J.4 List of dual-phase bare wire wood pole drawings

No. Description Rev
J.5 List of single-phase ABC wood pole drawings

No. Description Rev
D-DT-1154 ABC Terminal Assembly 0
RETICULATION
Annex J
(continued)
J.6 List of single-phase bare wire wood pole drawings

No. Description Rev
J.7 List of three-phase ABC concrete pole drawings

No. Description Rev
J.8 List of single-phase ABC concrete pole drawings

No. Description Rev
RETICULATION
Annex J
(continued)
J.9 List of dual-phase ABC concrete pole drawings

No. Description Rev
J.10 List of auxiliary drawings

No. Description Rev
D-DT-0165 Concrete pole LV stay Assembly 5
D-DT-0166 Stay attaching methods for concrete poles 3
D-DT-0167 Strut Pole for 7m and 9m concrete poles 2
D-DT-0168 Flying stay for concrete poles 2
D-DT-0180 ABC System Service Box Assembly 5
D-DT-0183 Bare wire Service Box Assembly 3
D-DT-0300 ABC full Tension compression Joint 3
D-DT-0302 ABC Full Tension compression Joint - Joining a core 1
D-DT-0305 BN ABC Intermediate Suspension with S/Box - Assembly Detail 6
D-DT-0307 BN ABC -Intermediate Suspension without S/Box - Assembly Detail 2
D-DT-0309 SABS 780 Transformer and LV Fuseholder connections Sheet 1 0
D-DT-0314 LV Barewire Connection Methods 0
D-DT-0315 Stay Assembly details 0
D-DT-0330 Pole Foundation Arrangement 2
D-DT-0332 Pole Planting Depths-Wood and Concrete 2
D-DT-0335 MV and LV Pole Hole Legend 0
D-DT-0336 Woodpole Hole positions
D-DT-0339 Concrete pole orientation layout 0
D-DT-0340 Surge Arrester connections 2
D-DT-0345 Schematic for 160kVA CSP Pole mounted transformer 1
D-DT-0348 Example for Shared Structure Clearances-MV, ABC and Telkom 3
Annex J
(continued)
RETICULATION
No. Description Rev

D-DT-0349 Example for shared structure clearances ABC and Telkom 2
D-DT-0350 Stay rod installation detail 2
Sheet 1
D-DT-0350 Mule stay Rod installation Detail 2
Sheet 2
D-DT-0354 Streetlight Assembly 4
D-DT-0356 LV Surge Arrester Installations 2
D-DT-0357 Rock Anchor Installation 2
D-DT-0363 Fourway Pole top box connection detail - Sheet 1 2
D-DT-0363 Fourway Pole top box connection detail - Sheet 2 2
D-DT-0364 Terminal assembly for meter box customer from ABC 2
D-DT-0365 Service connection from Con. Intermediate pole
D-DT-0980 MV / LV Bare Wire Staying Methodology 0
D-DT-0981 LV Metering Unit - Sheet 1 0
D-DT-0982 Eye Nut Assembly 0
D-DT-0983 LV Barewire Binding Techniques 0
D-DT-1165 LV Stay Assembly for Woodpoles
D-DT-1167 Strut for 7m and 9m Woodpoles 3
D-DT-1168 Flying Stay Arrangement for Wood Poles 3
RETICULATION
Annex K
(informative)
Bibliography
The following documents, in addition to those in clause 2, were a source of reference in compiling this
standard. They do not constitute provisions of this standard but are referenced for further information.
NRS 018, Fittings and connectors for LV overhead powerlines using ABC cable.
NRS 018-1:1995, Fittings and connectors for LV overhead powerlines using ABC cable — Part 1:
Strain and suspension fittings for self-supporting ABC.
Strain and suspension fittings for insulated supporting core ABC.
Strain fittings for service cables. (No draft available).
NRS 027:1994, Distribution transformer — Completely self-protecting type.
NRS 034-1:1992, Guidelines for the provision of electrical distribution networks in residential areas —
Part 1: Planning and design of distribution systems : with amendment 1, Financial analysis.
RETICULATION
Annex L
(informative)
Revision information
DATE REV.NO. NOTES
0 Not issued
June ‘95 1 Original issue
February ‘96 2 A general improvement to the clarity, content and
layout of rev.1. The minimum ground clearance of
2,5 m for service connections, stipulated in rev.1,
has been reduced to 2,2 m in rev.2.
April ‘97 3 References to service connections standard Part 8

section 1 added
July ‘97 4 Expanded to include single-phase and dual-phase

and generally modified for clarity

Distribution Standard: Reference REV Title: Distribution Standard Date: OF Revision Date

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DISTRIBUTION STANDARD

3 Definitions and abbreviations .................................................................................................... 7

4.1 Reticulation methods...................................................................................................... 8

5 Tests and commissioning.......................................................................................................... 31

Section 1: Low-voltage overhead reticulation.

The Design Manager

SABS 0142:1993, The wiring of premises.

SABS 780:1979, Distribution transformers.

SABS 1524-1:1994, Electricity dispensing systems — Part 1: Single-phase electricity dispensers.

ESKASAAN0:Rev.0, Standard for the labelling of high voltage equipment.

SCSAGAAF5:Rev.1, Distribution standard — Part 3: Low-voltage reticulation — Section 3: Low-

SCSAGAAH8:Rev.0, Distribution standard — Part 3: Low-voltage reticulation — Section 4: Low-

SCSAGAAI2:Rev.0, Design notes for single- and dual-phase reticulation.

SCSASAAL9:Rev.1, Distribution standard — Part 2: Earthing: Section 1: — MV and LV reticulation

SCSASAAM0:Rev.0, Distribution standard — Part 0: Structure, definitions, abbreviations and

SCSASAAP1:Rev.0, Distribution standard — Part 4: Medium-voltage reticulation — Section 1:

SCSASAAS3:Rev.0, Distribution standard — Part 8 Services: Section 1 - Electrification.

SCSPVAAT6:Rev.0, Distribution standard — Part 9: Buyer’s guide.

SCSSCAAD5:Rev.2, Aerial bundled conductor with uninsulated (bare) neutral.

SCSSCAAD7:Rev.5, Specification for wood poles, cross-arms and spacer blocks.

SCSSCAAH4:Rev.1, Specification for oil-immersed power transformers to 2 MVA and 22 kV.

SCSSCAAL4:Rev.0, Fittings for bare neutral aerial bundled conductor.

TRR/E/96/ELI68, Large single phase motors (TRI Report).

• Pre-electrification research tool

PEN 70/005:Rev.0, Decommissioning of Northern Engineering Division Capital Assets.

3 Definitions and abbreviations

3.1.5 MV phase-to-phase: Any two phases of a three-phase MV supply. An unbalanced three-phase

3.1.7 MV three-phase: A 50 Hz a.c. supply at 12,7 kV r.m.s. phase-to-neutral; 22 kV r.m.s. phase-to-

3.2.1 ABC: Aerial bundled conductors.

3.2.2 SWER: Single wire earth return.

4.1 Reticulation methods

The main cost advantages of the above methods are

b) SWER and two-phase MV systems require less pole-dressing equipment,

4.1.2 Three-phase system

Figure 1 — Three-phase LV system

4.1.3 Dual-phase system

22 kV/460V ( 230V ∠ 180, 230V ∠ 0 ).

Figure 2 — Dual-phase LV system

4.1.4 Single-phase system

Figure 3 — Single-phase LV system

Table 1 — Combinations of MV and LV for various methodologies

Three-phase Three-phase 50 kVA & 100 kVA ABC or bare wire

4.1.5 Mixing of technology options

4.1.6 Planning factors

The following clauses attempt to highlight certain planning issues.

4.1.6.1 Pre-electrification research and technology options

b) commercial and industrial coolers and freezers,

d) 4-post car hoists, and

e) miscellaneous garage equipment.

Note that modifications or adjustments to the customer equipment may be required.

4.1.6.2 Load balancing

Balanced three-phase LV phase connection — Single-phase per node

ph1 ph1 ph3 ph3 ph2 ph2

ph1 ph1 ph3 ph3 ph2 ph2

Balanced three-phase LV phase connection — Two-phases per node

ph1 ph1 ph2 ph2 ph2 ph2 ph1 ph1

ph1 ph1 ph2 ph2 ph2 ph2 ph1 ph1

Balanced dual-phase LV phase connection — Single-phase per node

ph1 ph1 ph1 ph1 ph1 ph1 ph1 ph1

ph2 ph2 ph2 ph2 ph2 ph2 ph2 ph2

Balanced dual-phase LV phase connection — Two-phases per node

Figure 4 — Load balancing