SPE 21527

CURRENT STATUS OF THE DURI STEAMFLOOD PROJECT

SUMATRA, INDONESIA
J.C. PEARCE AND E.A. MEGGINSON

Copyrlghl 1991, Soclety of Petroleum Engineers, lne.

This paper wes prepared for presentallon allhe Inlernallonal Thermal Operallons Symposium held in Bakersfield. California. February 7-8, 111111.

This paper was ..Iecled lor pre..nlalion by an SPE Program Committee following review of Informalion conlelneOln en abslracl lubmilled by Ihe aUll1or(s}. Contenll of Ille paper.
as presenled, heve nol been revleweCI by Ihe Sociely of PelrOleum Engineers and are subjeCI 10 correCllon by Ille aUlllOr(sj. Tile malerial. as presenled, does nOI neceSlarily relieCI
any posilion of Ille Sociely of Pelroleum Engineers, its officers, or members. Papers presenled al SPE meelings are lulllecllo publicallon review Ily EOilorial Commillees of 111. SOcl8ly
01 PelrOleum Engineers. PermiSllion 10 copy is reetriCIed 10 an IIbstract of not more than 300 words. lIIuslralions may nOI b. copied. The abstraet sl10uld conl8in con.picuou.lcknowledgment
01 where anc:l by whom the paper is pr_nled. Write Publicalionll Manager, SPE, P.O. Box 833836, Ricl1ardson. TX 750833836 U.S.A. Telex. 730989 SPEOAL.
 SPE 21527
CURRENT STATUS OF THE DURI STEAMFLOOD PROJECT
SUMATRA, INDONESIA
J.C. PEARCE AND E.A. MEGGINSON
ABSTRACT
The Duri Steamflood (DSF) Project is
the largest thermal enhanced oil
recovery (EOR) project in the world,
surpassing in production both the
Kern River and Belridge Fields in
the San Joaquin valley of
California. The field is located in
Riau Province, on the island of
Sumatra, in Indonesia. Duri is the
second largest field in the country,
producing nearly 200,000 BOPD of
steamflood production. The field is
operated and developed by P.T.
Caltex Pacific Indonesia (CPI), a
production sharing contractor to
Pertamina, the Indonesian national
oil company.
The DSF Project will develop over
15,000 acres of reservoir utilizing
over 4,000 producing wells. At
present, only about one third of the
field is under active steamflood.
The DSF Project is divided into
twelve development units called
Areas. New Areas are about 1,400
acres in size, and are developed,
that is, drilled and put on
injection, in about 1-3/4 to two
years.
The steamflood development involves
the use of symmetric patterns of
varying size and configuration.
Inverted seven spots, approximately
11-5/8 acres in size have been the
principal pattern configuration for
Area development, including the Area
currently being drilled [1]*. For
* References in brackets and figures are
included at the end of the text.
1
future Areas, inverted five and nine
spots, approximately 15-1/2 acres in
size are planned. This change has
been implemented as a result of
detailed reservoir simulation
studies conducted in CPI [2,3].
The Duri Steamflood Project is
unique in that it simultaneously
involves the management of existing
steamflood Areas, the development of
new steamflood Areas, and the design
of future Areas to maximize both oil
recovery and production efficiency.
The balancing of these three
objectives is both a complex and
vitally important project management
task. The approach taken by CPI is a
multi-disciplinary one involving
development geology, petroleum
engineering, and surface facility
engineering. Improvements in well
stimulation techniques, well
completions, flood monitoring ~md
flood design have been realized.
RESERVOIR CHARACTERISTICS
The Duri Field is located in Central
Sumatra, approximately 120
kilometers north of the city of
Pekanbaru in Riau Province (see
Figure 1). The Duri Field is
approximately 10 kilometers wide and
18 kilometers long.
The anticlinal structure, shown in
Figure 2, is slightly asymmetrical,
with the western flank being
somewhat steeper. There appear to be
two distinct fault orientations;

northeast-southwest in the north
half of the field, and north-south
in the southwest portion of the
field. There is some evidence to
indicate that in localized areas
faults are acting as fluid barriers,
but, in general, the influence of
faulting on production or fluid
movement is minor [1].
The Duri Field reservoirs occur in
sands of the early Miocene, Duri and
Bekasap Formations as shown in
Figure 2. The two uppermost sands,
the 140 ft and 240 ft sands, both
contain heavy hydrocarbons near the
structural crest, but are wet over
the majority of the field. Neither
sand has been produced except for
limited testing purposes. The Rindu
sands, identified by CPI as the 1st,
2nd and 3rd Rindu, are the
shallowest producing sands. These
sands are presently open and being
produced in non-steamflood portions
of the field.
The Pertama and Kedua sands are the
two principal producing intervals in
the Bekasap Formation. Together
they account for approximately two
thirds of all the oil in place.
Separated by a correlatable shale up
to 50 feet thick in some areas, the
two sands share a common oil water
contact. The Pertama extends over
most of the area of the field, while
the Kedua is only considered
floodable for about 3,700 acres
(compared with 15,000 acres for the
Pertama). A small gas cap extends
over portions of the Pertama in the
southern portion of the field. Both
sands are unconsolidated, similar in
many rock properties, and tend to
differ primarily in thickness and
net-to-gross ratio.
The lowest producing members of the
Bekasap Formation are the Baji, Jaga
and Dalam sands. The oil
2
SPE 21521
accumulation in these sands is
limited to the crestal portion of
the structure. In most areas the
Baji and Jaga are considered to form
a single reservoir unit. Both are
produced in existing steamflood
Areas in the field.
HISTORY
Primary Period
The field was discovered in 1941
(see Figure 3) but not put on
production until 1958 with the
completion of the pipeline from Duri
to the oil loading port of Dumai.
The field was initially developed on
a nominal 31 acre spacing, with 719
wells drilled to an approximate
depth of 800 feet and on production
by the end of 1981. The primary
production peaked at 65 MBOPD in the
mid 1960s and declined at a rate of
approximately 13 percent per year
from that time.
The primary drive mechanisms are
solution gas drive with some gravity
drainage, although the limited
structural relief minimizes the
contribution of gravity drainage.
The aquifer is sufficiently weak
that the contribution to primary
recovery from natural water influx
is small. Based on primary
production performance, the
estimated oil recovery by primary
means is approximately 7.5 percent.
The relatively small volume of
solution gas, the intermediate
gravity (22 degrees API) and high
viscosity (150 centipoise) are key
factors in the primary recovery
being so small.
Huff-puff, or cyclic steam
stimulation, was initiated in 1967
to improve the performance of
individual producing wells. By
1977, 339 steam stimulation jobs had

been performed. The analysis of
this work while in progress led to
the initiation of a steamflood pilot
in 1975.
EQR Pilots
CPI, with technical assistance from
its two shareholder companies,
Chevron and Texaco, conducted two
EOR pilots starting in 1975 aimed at
determining the most efficient means
for improving recovery from the Duri
Field. One test involved the
injection of a caustic solution in a
250 acre pilot test area. The test
consisted of 16 inverted five spot
patterns, approximately 15-1/2 acres
in size, in the southern portion of
the field. CPI terminated the
caustic flood pilot in 1979 when it
was concluded that the process
failed to provide any significant
increase in oil recovery.
The steamflood pilot also consisted
of 16 inverted five spot patterns
over an area of about 250 acres.
Both the Pertama and Kedua sands
extend over the pilot area. The
pilot design involved steam
injection into the lower Kedua only.
There were 27 producers and a number
of observation wells between
injectors and producers to aid in
steamflood monitoring. "High
quality steam", approximately 65
percent quality at the sand face,
was injected at an average rate of
1.0 barrel of cold water-equivalent
steam per gross acre foot of sand
(The basics of the steamflood
process are shown in a schematic
form in Figure 4). By the end of
this test period, the project had
recovered over 30 percent of the oil
in place at the start of the test.
Steamf100d Expansion
On the basis of the successful
3
SPE 21527
steamflood pilot, project expansion
began with the start up of steam
injection into Area 1 in April 1985
(see both Figures 5 and 6). Area 1
consists of 95 inverted seven spot
patterns with twin wells at each
producing location. One of the twin
wells is completed as an open hole
gravel pack in the upper (pertama)
sand; the second of the twins wells
is a cased hole gravel pack
completed in the lower (Kedua) sand.
Gravel pack improvements allowed for
future Areas, such as Area 3, to
have only one well at each producing
location. In Area 3, both open hole
and cased hole completions are used;
cased hole completions are employed
at those locations where bottom
water was encountered and excess
water production expected [4].
Comparison with Kern River
The Duri Steamflood development is
compared with Kern River, previously
accepted as the world's largest
steamflood, in Figure 7. A
prOduction comparison is included as
Figure 8. Clearly, in all areas with
the exception of number of producing
wells, the Duri Steamflood surpasses
Kern River. It should be noted that
much of Kern River is completed with
small, generally 2-1/2 to 4 acre,
five and nine spot patterns. Many
of the wells are older wells,
drilled during the primary and huff
puff periods of production. In
terms of current production, the
Duri Steamflood is in fact the
world's largest steamflood.
One additional item should be noted.
The API gravity of the Kern River
crude is about 13, making it a heavy
oil development where the primary
benefit from steam injection is
viscosity reduction. For Duri, on
the other hand, the API gravity is
22, making it an intermediate crude.
 SfE 21527

Also, the Duri crude viscosity at satisfies the requirements outlined

initial reservoir temperature is 150 above for an effective project
centipoise as compared with 4500 monitoring system. Shown
centipoise for Kern River. Both schematically in Figure 10 are both
viscosity reduction and distillation the data types and data flows for
play important roles in the recovery DREAMS. A brief schematic of the
at Duri. Duri computer system as well as the
connection of the Duri system to the
MANAGEMENT OF EXISTING AREAS main CPI Sumatra office in Rurnbai is
shown in Figure 11. The database
The management approach taken by CPI computer is a MVAX3600i all PCs in
for the Duri Stearnflood Project is a Duri are networked via the MVAX
multi-disciplinary one involving 3600. In addition, there is a MVAX
development geology, petroleum 3900 for the oil field automation
engineering, and surface facility system (to be discussed later in
engineering. The emphasis for the this paper), a VAXSTATION 3100
work, however, is somewhat different production workstation for
for existing and developing simulation graphics, and finally
steamflood Areas. For existing there is a Intergraph system for
stearnflood Areas (See Figure 9), the development geology applications,
monitoring of injection and that is, log processing, mapping and
production performance coupled with contouring. Reservoir simulation is
numerical reservoir modeling handled on the MVAX 3600 in Duri and
provides the means for the the CONVEX super-computer in the
identification of operational Rurnbai office.
problems, the development of
solutions to these problems, and the The key data items associated with
necessary follow up and control to the DREAMS systems are detailed
see if the solutions developed are below:
implemented in a timely manner and,
of course, working. Performance Measures - Measures for
performance include production,
Monitoring Performance injection, SOR, water cut, etc., for
groups of wells and even entire
To effectively monitor project production Areas. As you may
performance it is necessary to have recall, the Duri Field development
(1) an efficient method of calls for the sequential development
collecting large volumes of data of 12 production Areas, each
from the field, (2) a system that yielding about the same total
allows for the rapid filing, reserves except Area 2. Each Area
sorting, analyzing, and retrieval of is further subdivided into quadrants
this data, and finally, (3) a means for performance monitoring. These
for follow up and control to ensure quadrants are actually somewhat
timely and proper corrective action. physical divisions in that all wells
At the 18th Annual IPA Convention in in a given quadrant generally flow
Jakarta, Indonesia, Megginson and into the same test station for
Simanjuntak [5] described the gauging.
development of the DREAMS (Data
Resources for Engineering Analysis Each Area is provided with a "LACT"
and Monitoring Support) database meter for the legal measure of the
system in CPl. This system total production from the Area.

4

Individual wellhead rates are used
to allocate this legal production to
individual wells. Generally, the
total allocation factor has been
less than ten percent. This is
particularly good considering the
fact that the LACT production is the
total production including both
tubing and casing flow, whereas the
individual well rates used for
allocation include only tubing flow.
Monitoring Data - Monitoring data
includes individual well dynamometer
runs, the steam quality at
individual injection wells, the
total flow rate collected off the
casing of individual wells, wellhead
temperatures, and wellhead tubing
and casing pressures. This data, in
addition to measured liquid rates
and cuts, is necessary for analyzing
both well and reservoir performance.
Other monitoring data is provided by
steamflood monitoring wells. These
include both observation wells and
twin, single zone producers (See
Figure 12). Other steamflood
operators follow a variety of
monitoring practices to provide
adequate data for reservoir
management. The practices of
Chevron, Texaco and Shell in
California's San Joaquin Valley are
summarized in Figure 13. Finally,
the practice adopted by CPI for use
in monitoring the Duri Steamflood is
outlined in Figure 14. Both
observation wells and single zone
producers will be utilized.
Injection Data From wellhead
measurements of pressures and
quality, individual wellhead
injection rates by string are
calculated (many wells have dual
injection strings in the same
wellbore). These calculated rates
are used as allocation factors for
the steam generator output totals
5
SPE 21527
measured at large steam stations.
Well Statistics - Well statistics
for producing wells include
individual well total fluid rates,
wellhead cuts, daily downtime hours,
and the mechanical condition of the
well. The Duri Field surface
facilities allow for the measurement
of total fluid rate at a test
station by means of a well test
unit; these measurements are
calibrated routinely with tank
gauges. Oil rates are determined
from wellhead cuts. The design for
test systems in new Areas allows for
the measurement of both gross and
oil rates at the test stations as
well as the automatic logging of
this data without the assistance of
a pumper. This new system will be
discussed later in this paper.
Reservoir Data - The Duri Steamflood
is essentially a full field
pattern-type development. At
present, Area 5 is being developed
using 11-5/8 acre, inverted seven
spot patterns. For Area 6 and all
future Areas, the development will
involve the use of a combination of
five spot and nine spot patterns.
Regardless of the pattern size or
configuration, steam is injected and
oil is produced from two sand
bodies, the Pertama and Kedua.
Thus, for Reservoir Engineering
needs, the individual well
prOduction and injection totals are
allocated to patterns based on
geometry and sand counts. These
"pattern splits" allow for the
calculation of pattern performance
on both a current month and
cumulative basis. Reservoir
forecasts are made using simulation
on a pattern basis and these
forecasts are compared with the
pattern actuals.
Geologic Data - Log and side-wall

core data collected on an individual
well basis is fed into the database
to assist in well completions,
analysis of well workovers, and the
interpretation of well performance.
This data is vital for the
correlation of sand bodies from
injector to producer to ensure the
proper calculation of injection rate
based on sand volume.
Reseryoir Modeling
Numerical reservoir simulation
models using the Chevron Steam
Injection Simulator (SIS) [1,2,3]
have been developed to aid in full
field studies, analyze present
reservoir performance and forecast
production for developing Areas.
New work is now underway to include
new production data, account for oil
property changes during
steamflooding, and to make use of
new computer hardware and graphics
software. This new work will be
discussed in more detail later in
the paper.
The SIS allows for three dimensional
modeling of simultaneous heat, mass,
and momentum transfer. For the
initial studies made, the actual
models were small in nature, using
sYmmetry to allow for only the
smallest SYmmetric fraction of a
pattern to be modeled. While
compositional behavior can be
handled, the initial studies have
been in the black oil mode, that is,
one gas and one oil component.
Consider the following example of
how the simulator can be used to
analyze present reservoir
performance:
In Area 1, the planned steam
injection rates were determined
based on pattern sand counts and the
constraint that injection would be
limited to 80 percent of withdrawal;
6
SP.E 21527
maximum possible rates were assigned
to individual Pertama and Kedua
producers. Using the design
injection rates, the SIS was used to
predict the pattern producing rates.
After approximately one year of
injection, the producers were still
unable to achieve the designed
value. Accordingly, steam injection
was cut to maintain the 80 percent
withdrawal constraint and not over-
pressure the reservoir. As would be
expected, the actual field
production never reached the level
which was predicted from simulation
using the initial design injection
rates. However, actual production
exceeds forecast when the actual
injection is used in the model.
This would seem to indicate that the
steamflood process is working; there
is, however, a wellbore limitation.
Correct Operational Problems
(Example)
The approach taken to address this
apparent wellbore problem was to
first tackle the problem of poor
producer productivity (See Figure 15
for possible approaches to address
the problem of producer
productivity) . In existing
steamflood Areas, producers were
observed to be still cold, that is
less than 150 degrees Fahrenheit,
even after years of injection. In
addition, evidence of calcium
carbonate scale was found on rod
pumps and screen liners. Finally,
due to poor initial gravel packing
practices, it was concluded that
several wells had extensive gravel
pack damage not correctable by
stimulation.
New stimulation methods were
developed and evaluated to address
the problem of both cold and hot
poor producers [6]. The motivation
for the stimulation effort was to

improve the heating in existing
steamflood Areas. The result of the
stimulation program can be seen in
the temperature map presented in
Figure 16. The average wellhead
temperature is used to indicate cold
regions. The change in DSF Area 3
from 1989 to 1990 is clearly
positive, indicating a successful
stimulation effort.
Area 1 Actual Field Performance
Area 1 is the first new steamflood
Area developed after the steamflood
pilot; the pilot area became Area 2.
Area 1 consists of 95, inverted
seven spot patterns, each 11-5/8
acres in size (see Figure 17).
There are more then 420 producers.
The high number of producers is the
result of using twin wells at most
of the producer locations that
allows for separate completions in
the Pertama and Kedua sands.
For tracking purposes, the northeast
quadrant of Area 1 has been
identified as Quadrant or Section A,
with the other quadrants labeled
sequentially in a clockwise manner.
Injection in Quadrants A and B
started in March 1985, Quadrant C in
September, and, finally, Quadrant D
in December, 1985.
The initial Area 1 injection target
was approximately 230 thousand
barrels of cold water equivalent
steam per day (MBCWESPD). The
target rate was reduced to 168
MBCWESPD after one year of injection
because of the producer problems
discussed above. In 1988, with the
success of the producer stimulation
program, withdrawals were increased
substantially allowing for an
increase of the steam injection
target, keeping the injection-to-
withdrawal ratio in balance. The
current target is 216 MBCWESPD and
7
SPE 21527
this target should be further
increased in 1991 owing to the
continued success of the stimulation
program and the planned inclusion of
infill producers.
Included in Figure 18 is a
comparison of the steam forecast for
1988 through 1990 along with the
actual steam injection volumes.
Some problems associated with steam
generator equipment led to injection
shortfalls in 1988 and 1989. In
addition, injector configuration
problems resulted in the inability
to achieve both target rates per
injector and allow for the proper
distribution of steam (both in terms
of rate and steam quality) between
sands.
The "old" injector configuration
design called for a concentric
injection string, that is, one
string of tubing inside of another.
Computer modeling and field testing
has demonstrated problems with this
design. First, the total rate that
can be sent through a given string
is limited. Second, and most
important, however, heat transfer
between the flow streams results in
high quality steam going into one
interval and low quality steam or
even hot water passing into the
second. This results in one sand
being preferentially heated over the
other. The solution employed is to
(1) utilize a downhole choke
configuration to inject down a
single string and use the principle
of critical flow to achieve the
proper split between sands; and (2)
"twin" existing injectors for
patterns in which the total rate per
sand is greater than that achievable
with the choke design.
Oil and gross fluid production are
also shown in Figure 18 for 1988,
1989 and 1990. Significant
,.
improvements in production have been
achieved as a result of the producer
stimulation program followed by the
injection rate increases. The SOR
initially increased but has dropped
again to approximately 3.6. Our
original design value for the SOR
was 3.8. Further production
increases are expected as a result
of the continued stimulation program
and the plan to increase the target
rate to the 240 MBCWESPD level.
Area 1 Infill Wells
In 1989 a test program was developed
to evaluate the potential of infill
drilling in Area 1. The advantages
in terms of reservoir management of
adding infill wells would be to
assist in the balancing of injection
and production, to improve sweep,
and to address patterns with poor
historical performance. The
selection of locations followed
directly from an evaluation of
patterns with high injection to
production ratios, low cumulative
recovery, low oil rate and low
wellhead temperature (See Figure
20) .
While heating of the upper sands has
progressed rather well due to
increases in steam injection, the
lower sands (Kedua) still show some
areas of poor heating (See Figures
21 and 22). This problem is being
addressed as noted above by
replacing concentric strings with
down hole chokes in existing Area 1
injection wells. In addition, some
"twin" wells have been drilled in
Area 1 to provide increased
injection capacity.
For the 1989 test, poor patterns
(based on the above criteria) in
both hot and cold areas were
selected. The idea was to
investigate both oil-in-place at the
8
SPE 21527
infill locations and the difference
in production for hot and cold
areas. A comparison of reservoir
characteristics for both a typical
hot and a typical cold well are
summarized in Figure 25. Note that
the saturations are almost at
initial oil saturations.
Production performance for both the
hot and cold wells are shown Figure
26 . As expected, the hot wells
outperformed the cold wells. The
cold wells are now being steam
stimulated to improve the local
heating.
In summary (See Figure 27), high oil
saturations were found, improvements
in both injection-to-production and
steam-oil ratios were realized, and
sweep was improved through the use
of infill producers in Area 1.
Plans for 1990 call for 20
additional infill wells in "poor",
but hot, patterns. Hot patterns
were selected for the 1990 program
because the risk associated with
such a program should be low based
on the performance of the 1989 test
wells in hot areas.
Area 2 Performance and Waterflood
Evaluation
Area 2 is the original steamflood
pilot area. It includes 16 inverted
nine spot patterns, with twin
injectors for each pattern (See
Figure 29). One injector is
completed in the Kedua, and one in
the Pertama for each pattern. A
summary of the historical
development is presented in Figure
30. The initial steamflood pilot
was only in the lower Kedua sand.
The Kedua steamflood was converted
to . a waterflood in 1986, and the
steamflooding of the Pertama was
initiated in 1986 (shortly
thereafter) . The oil and gross

production from pilot initiation to
the present are presented in Figure
31.
A reservoir evaluation program was
initiated in 1990 to evaluate the
performance of the waterflood in the
Kedua. The objectives of this
evaluation included both a review of
waterflood performance and a saturations.
determination of whether steam
injection should be restarted (See
Figure 32). The strategy involved
plugging back the Kedua in six test
wells, shutting in the water
injection, and keeping the steam
injection unchanged. In addition,
one new observation well was drilled
and cored (for saturation
determination) .
The locations of the plugged back
wells and the existing Pertama-only
producers are given in Figure 34.
By comparing the performance of the
plugged back wells before and after
the well work, it was determined
that the Kedua contributed about 24
percent of the total wells'
production (See Figure 35). By
comparing the performance of the
entire Area before and after
production (See Figure 39), it was
determined that only about 16% of
the total Area production is due to
the injection of water in the Kedua.
The location of the core well is
shown in Figure 37, and the results
are presented in Figure 38. The oil
saturation from the core agreed well
with that calculated from a simple
material balance. From this work,
it is seen that the oil saturations
in the Kedua are still high (almost
50%) and are about the same as the
oil saturations in the Pertama.
In summary, the Kedua sand
contributes about 24% to the total
Area production, and about two
9
SPE 2'1 527
thirds of this production is due to
the waterflood. The saturations are
still high in the Kedua after 10
years of steamflooding and 3 years
of waterflooding. Based on this
investigation, the Kedua steamflood
has been restarted, and an
additional core well is planned to
confirm the remaining oil
Area 3 Actual Field Performance
Area 3 development drilling was
initiated in 1987 and injection was
started in May, 1988. Area 3
includes 119 total patterns, split
between 99 inverted seven spots and
20 inverted nine spots (see Figure
41) . The inverted nine spots are
approximately 15-1/2 acres in size;
this is the original caustic flood
test area converted in 1987 to steam
injection. Making use of existing
wells originally drilled in a nine
spot pattern for the caustic flood
was an economic decision. All new
patterns were developed using the
inverted seven spot, 11-5/8 acre
design employed in Area 1.
Area 3 injection and production are
summarized in Figure 42 for 1988
(start up) to the present. The SOR
is also shown along with the
injection. The production increase
has been dramatic, and the SOR
continues to decline as expected.
There are some significant
production engineering improvements
in the design of Area 3. In Area 1,
the producer design called for an
open hole gravel pack well completed
in the Pertama and a cased hole
gravel pack well completed in the
Kedua at each producer location, as
shown in Figure 43. This design
resulted in the large number of
producers for the number of patterns
(95) involved. For Area 3, a single

well, completed in both sands, at
each pattern producer location was
drilled. An open hole completion
was employed where no significant
oil-water contact or gas-oil contact
was present; a cased hole completion
was used for control in those cases
where significant contacts were
found. It should be noted that
subsequent work has indicated that
an open hole completion can be used
in all cases. The design for all
new Areas, such as Area 5 that is
currently under development, uses
only open hole completions. As a
result of the design change for Area
3, only about 260 producers are
included for all 119 patterns (2.2
producers per pattern), compared to
more than 420 producers for 95
patterns (4.4 producers per pattern)
in Area 1.
Part of the justification for going
from two wells to one well per
producer location is the improved
performance of the initially
completed Duri gravel packs [4,7].
Improvements in gravel packing
procedures, the quality of the
gravel pack sand, the handling of
the screen liners, and the treatment
of the gravel pack fluids (the
proper cleaning and use of viscous
polymers), all have contributed
greatly to improved gravel pack
performance. As a result, Area 3
wells are outperforming Area 1
wells. The net result of this work
is to reduce the number of producers
required per Area, thereby reducing
the capital cost [7].
Other improvements involved injector
des ign. In Area 1, there were
considerable problems with the
injector string design necessitating
a mid-flood modification. For Area
3, most injectors were designed
using 9-5/8 inch casing and
side-by-side dual injection strings.
10
SPE 21527
This design allows for the total
design rate per injector to be met,
and for the independent control of
steam to the two sand intervals. In
the old caustic flood area, existing
7 inch injectors were converted to
steamflood service. In addition, in
fourteen other patterns outside of
the caustic area, 7 inch wells were
used. Based on an evaluation of
injector performance for these
fourteen wells after steam flood
start up, all 7 inch wells were
"twinned" to provide both adequate
injection capacity, and the ability
to deliver the proper volumes of
steam to both the Pertama and Kedua
sands (See Figures 44 through 47).
Area 4 Status
The drilling and completion of new
wells in Area 4 has allowed the
start up of steam injection in
September, 1990. The details of
both the main portion of Area 4 and
the north-west extension (eight
additional patterns added to the
original main portion based on
delineation drilling) are summarized
in Figure 48.
Performance of Existing Areas
Existing steamflood Areas includes
Areas 1 through 4 as shown in Figure
49. Oil production has increased
monotonously for these Areas from
1988 as injection has increased (See
Figure 50). The overall SOR has
continued to remain below 4.0
showing excellent reservoir
performance.
MANAGEMENT OF NEW AREAS
For existing steamflood Areas,
improvements have been made that
have resulted in significant
production increases. These same
improvements have been also

implemented, along with additional
improvements, in developing future
Areas. Some of the areas (see
Figure 51) where improvements are
being implemented in Area 4 include:
(1) a delineation program aimed at
providing high quality geologic and
Reservoir Engineering data early in
the planning and development phases
of new Areas; (2) oil field
automation to improve both the speed
of gathering and the quality of
production data, and finally (3)
reservoir simulation studies aimed
at improving the design of pattern
size, pattern configuration, and
injection protocol. These changes
are discussed below.
Delineation Program
The EOR pilots and the steamflood
expansion [1] were based on
Reservoir Engineering studies. Key
elements in these studies were rock
properties such as porosity and
thickness, oil properties such as
viscosity and distillation yields,
and rock-fluid properties, such as
relative permeabilities, with
particular emphasis on the effect to
the shape and end points by EOR
processes. The pilot studies were
made in the 1970s and the expansion
work was completed in the early
1980 s . Our understanding of
steamtflooding has improved
dramatically from that time as has
our ability to determine the key
properties. New techniques and even
new tests are now routinely used.
Thus, to plan in an efficient and
effective manner the development of
the next steamflood Area as well as
future steamflood Areas, it is
necessary to obtain high quality
core material for laboratory studies
along with log data for the new core
well locations. Such data is
essential for the complex and
sophisticated simulation work now in
11
SPE 21521
progress.
To provide the above described data
in a timely manner, a delineation
program was developed to provide
high quality data for the entire
field. A program of 24 delineation
wells is now in progress to extend
over the next three years. This
does not include three core wells
which were previously drilled in
Area 4 where samples were obtained
for laboratory testing in CPI, by
contractor laboratories in Jakarta,
Indonesia, and by Texaco Research
(EPTD) in the United States.
Oil Field Automation
In the publication by Megginson and
Simanjuntak [5], they describe the
development of a database system
that allows for the effective and
efficient use of a number of classes
of data for the management of the
Duri Steamflood. The present use of
this system is with human-gathered
and human-entered data. The future
direction for the effort is to
install microprocessor controllers
in the field to control the well
test facilities and to automatically
transmit the data from the field to
a networked computer in the office.
This will allow for the automatic
selection of the data to be
gathered, the automatic gathering
and preprocessing of the data, and
finally the automatic entry of the
data into the pREAMS system.
Previously, a similar system was
installed in the Texaco operated
portion of the Kern River
steamflood. This Texaco system
became the model for the system
currently under development in Duri.
This new, automated system will be
fully operational in Area 4 during
1991.

One additional, and very important,
feature of this new system should be
pointed out. The normal operation
of the automation system will allow
for the switching of wells "into
gauge", meaning that the flow of
the well would be redirected from
the main gathering system to the
gauging system. This will allow for
the testing of wells giving oil and
water rates via an "automatic well
tester" (AWT)i the intent would be
to measure the production from each
well at least three to four times
per month. This data would be used
for allocation of the LACT
production, operations tracking of
the flood performance, tracking by
engineering personnel of any serious
well problems, and by Reservoir
Engineering personnel for the
simulation work as outlined above.
In addition to this normal operation
for gauging, flow from each well
will be directed through a mass flow
meter each day to yield a daily
gross production rate for each well.
This data can be used by both
operations and engineering personnel
to spot problem wells quickly,
allowing for timely corrective
action to be taken.
This system, when fully operational,
will greatly benefit the management
of the Area 4 flood and will provide
valuable data for the design of the
automatic systems for Area 5 and
future steamflood Areas. The
present plan does not call for the
retrofitting of existing Areas
because individual flow lines from
the wells to the test stations were
not initially provided.
Reservoir Simulation
Reservoir simulation is an essential
tool for EOR studies, and has been
particularly useful in the planning,
analyzing and managing of the Duri
12
seE 21 52 7
Steamflood Project. As indicated
above, early studies were aimed at
studying the pilot performance and
using this information to develop a
field-wide steamflood expansion
program. This work resulted in the
inverted seven spot design employed
in Areas 1, 3, 4, and 5.
The delineation program is providing
new rock, fluid and rock-fluid
property data. This new, high
quality data will allow for a more
accurate description of the
displacement process and will
provide the necessary data for more
detailed simulation models.
Production, injection, wellhead
temperature and observation well
data is now available for five years
of performance in Area 1. New
simulation tools, including
simulation code updates to provide
expanded capabilities and computer
graphics, allow for more accurate
and timely reservoir analyses.
Thus, both tools and data are
available for improved reservoir
simulation.
Today, CPI conducts the majority of
its thermal simulation work on the
Convex super-computer in Rumbai. An
MVAX network is utilized as the pre-
and post-processing units to the
Unix-based Convex.
Recent simulation efforts have been
directed towards evaluating the
pattern sizing and geometry
configuration for future Area
development [2,3] (See Figure 52).
Utilizing Chevron' s SIS3 thermal
simulator, a history match of 4.5
years of production history from
Area 1 was developed. The steamflood
process was represented by a
"symmetrical element" model,
describing one half of an 11-5/8
acre, seven spot pattern. A 4x7x11
grid model (308 cells) was utilized,
 SPE 21527
resulting in 3 full grid cells scheme, utilizing a combination of
between injector and producer. 15-1/2 acre, five and nine spot
Because of the large vertical patterns maximized the recovery of
section of reservoir being processed reserves and optimized the return on
in Area 1 (Pertama, Kedua, Baji, and invested capital. Additionally, by
Jaga sands), an 11 cell layering changing to a nine spot geometry in
scheme was required to effectively the thickest net pay areas, the
represent the steam flood producer to injector ratio improved
performance. from 2.4:1 (for a seven spot
geometry) to 3.5:1 (for the nine
The gridding scheme utilized was a spot geometry). The extra 1.1
significant improvement over the producers per pattern should improve
relatively homogeneous descriptions the ability to balance steam
used in previous DSF simulations injection and fluid production. As a
(See Figure 53). Layering was result of this work, the "hybrid" 15-
included to accurately model the 1/2 acre, 5 and 9 spot development
various contributing sand units in scheme has been recommended and
the flood (See Figure 54). Critical approved for Area 6 (See Figure 58
rock and fluid property values were through 61).
also improved based on laboratory
measured values from some of Future thermal simulation efforts
California's heavy crude oils, which for the DSF will attempt to further
are similar to the Duri crude. optimize the process. Significant
items to be evaluated include:
Once the model was validated, an
optimization study was undertaken to 1. Optimum "tail out" (post
determine optimum pattern size and steamflood) producing schemes;
geometry. Simulator predictions of
cumulati ve oil and water cut are 2. The effect of crude oil
compared with actual data in Figure distillation on oil recovery;
55 and 56, respectively. In
summary, the Area 1 history match 3. The effect of fluid flux across
improved gridding, layer description Area boundaries;
and the modeling of fluid and rock
properties. Four and one half years 4. The effects of reservoir
of production performance were heterogeneity on sweep
successfully matched. This efficiency.
"validated" model was then used for
other sensitivity studies. The utilization of a multiple
pattern model with approximately
The results of this study are being 2500 cells will be required to
included in the design of the DSF effectively answer most of the above
Area 6 development. Production questions. The MVAX-based Production
forecasts using the numerical Workstation, which houses the pre-
simulator were combined with project and post-processing software, will
investment cost for various play an integral role in this effort
combinations of pattern geometries [3] .
(5, 7, 9, and 13 spots) and pattern
sizes (5, 7-1/2, 11-5/8, and 15 SUMMARY
acres) . The economic analysis
revealed that a "hybrid" development The Duri Steamflood Project is a

13
 SPE 21527

world class, enhanced oil recovery

(EOR) project aimed at the continued 4. Shryock, S.G., Ahmad, s. ,
development of the second largest Meloy,J.M., and Kent, J.W., "Gravel
field in Indonesia. The Project packing for the Duri Steamflood,"
involves the simultaneous 7th Offshore South East Asia
management of existing steamflood Conference, Singapore, February,
areas, the development of new 1988.
steamflood areas, and the design of
future areas to maximize both oil 5. Megginson, E.A. and Simanjuntak,
recovery and production efficiency. A.B.M., "Computerized Database
The balancing of these three System for the Duri Steamflood
objectives has been achieved by Project," 18th Annual IPA
using technical expertise from Convention, Jakarta, Indonesia,
development geology, petroleum October, 1989.
engineering and surface facilities
engineering. 6. Atmadi, Pearce, J.C., and Fuaadi,
I.M., "Evaluation of Stimulation
Significant improvements in the Techniques for Duri Steamflood
operation of the existing steamflood Gravel Pack Wells," 8th Offshore
Areas have been achieved; these South East Asia Conference,
improvements translate directly into Singapore, December, 1990.
increases in oil production and
operating efficiency. New 7. Wagner, D. J., "Gravel Packing
technology, especially in the areas Practices for Duri Steamflood
of reservoir simulation and oil Wells," SPE Formation Damage Forum,
field automation, has played an Jakarta, Indonesia, February, 1991.
important role in these
improvements. Most importantly,
these improvements have been
incorporated into the design of new
steamflood Areas, promising even
better performance in the future.

REFERENCES

1. Pearce, J.C., "Management of the

Duri Steamflood," ASCOPE, Singapore,
1989.

2. VanAllen, C.A., "Optimization of

the Duri Steamflood," Texaco Thermal
Recovery Conference, 1990.

3. Blunschi,J.H., Cease,C.C., and

VanAllen, C.A., "Using Reservoir
Engineering Workstations to Improve
Duri Steamflood Simulation
Predictions," 19th Annual IPA
Convention, Jakarta, Indonesia,
October, 1990.

14
 seE 21527

DURI :

STEAMFLOOD :

PROJECT :: DURI FIELD

STEAMFLOOD PROJECT

I Figure 01
JCP\JAN91_01 \SKH 17-01-91
 SPE 21527

DUR/I::
STEAMFLOOD ::

m
PROJECT m
n; n n
~ iH11 i1111; j H11111 111HHll i1111;1 11; ~ I STRUCTURE & TYPE LOG
DURI342
I
R.T.E. : 95'
PETANI
DURIFM
TOP FIRST RINDU
D
U
R
I
BEKASAP FM
TOP PERTAMA
u
B P
P
E E
K R ~~~

AL ~~
S~ ~~
A E
pR ~~

P
E
M TO. 75(1
A
T
A
N
G

I Figure 02 I
JCP\JAN91_02\SKH 17-01 -91
 seE 2J 52 J

OURI L
S7EAMFLOOO ::
PROJECT j:
~1~ i1i11111Hi~~1 11i1H11i11111 1~ iiii1~i~ 11 i~ 11ii: DURI FIELD
EVENTS PRIOR TO STEAM INJECTION

Discovery 1941
Placed on Production 1958
Pilot Waterflood 1960
Cyclic Steaming Initiated 1967
Pilot Steam Injection and Caustic Study Area - 2 1975
Reservoir Simulation Study 1981
Commenced Construction Area - 1 1982
Steam Injection Start up Area - 1 1985

I Figure 03 I
JCP\JAN91_03\SKH 170191
 seE 2152 7

OURI i~
STEAMFLOOO :!

iiiiiiiiii!ii:::iiiili
I STEAMFLOOD PROCESS I
INJECTOR PRODUCER

SURFACE

HEAT LOSSES

t t t R
E
S
V
I

~ ~
HEAT LOSSES
~ ~
1>::::::1 STEAM ~ CONDENSING STEAM AND HOT WATER II OIL

I Figure 04 1

JCP\JAN91_04\SKH 17-01 -91

,l.
 SPE 21527

OURI !:

S~:::::r \'
~ ~ ~~!!~~!~ ii ~~~~ii ~~: ~!~!!!~ ii ~i~!!!~~!~ii!~! i11 1 DURI FIELD
KEY STEAMFLOOD EVENTS

Area - 1 Steam Injection Start up Apr 1985

Area - 2 Pilot Switch Steam to Water Kedua Mar 1986
Area - 2 Pilot Steam Injection Start up Pertama Dec 1986
Area Development Plan (reduced schedule) Nov 1986
14 WPM Development Plan Nov 1987
Area - 3 Steam Injection Start up May 1988
18 WPM Accelerated Development Plan Sep 1988

I Figure 05 I
JCP\JAN91_05\SKH 17-01-91
 BRE 21527

OURI
S7EAMFLOOO ::
PROJECT i:
~ !!!! !!!~ !:!::!: !!!::!!!:!!!!!!!!!:!::!:::::!:::::
I DURI PROJECT DEVELOPMENT I

Present 12 Area Development Plan Area 1

SECA

:4
1
~ SEC C SECS

I Figure 06 I
JCP,JAN91_06\SKH 170191
 SfE21527

OURI :=

STEAMFLOOO Ii
PROJECT :: STEAMFLOOD FIELD
.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!W!!!!!!!!!!!!!(!!!!!!!!!!ll, COMPARISON
UlTIMATE PEAK FORECAST

DURI KERN RIVER

ACRES TO BE DEVELOPED 15100 9660
DEPTH FT 600 900
NET PAY FT 109 60
PATIERN CONFIGURATION 5,7&9SPOT 5&9SPOT
WELL SPACING ACRE 3-7/8 2-1/2
PERMEABILITY MD 1550 2000
POROSITY % 36 31
RSVR. TEMP. F 100 90
OIL VISC. @ BHT CP 157 4500
GRAVITY API 23 13
ORIGINAL OIL IN PLACE MMMB 4.4 4.0
RESERVES ULT MMMBBLS 2.7 2.0
NO. PRODUCING WELLS 3810 ** 7490 TOTAL
6300 ACTIVE
NO. STEAM INJECTORS 1370 ** 2640
OIL PRODUCTION, MB/D GROSS 266 ** 125
NET 204 ** 113
WATER PRODUCTION, MB/D 1504 ** 1200
STEAM INJECTION, MB/D 730 ** 830
NO OF 50 MMBTU GEN. 230 ** 390
I Figure 07 I
JCP\JA N91_07\SK H 17-01 -91

.....:.0.
 leE 215?7

OURI.

S~::::; Ii
I OURI VS KERN RIVER & BELRIOGE I
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii:iiiiiiiiiiiii:iiiiiiiii:iiiii!:

~I I

190 I .. .... 1

180 I .. .. ';/

170

160 DU~.~..~.~:~~~.~~.~.~ ~
................................................................................................................ -/- 1

150

0 140 .........~BELRIDGE
...................................................... , / " 1
0..
0 ..............~':.~.. ~:.~.~;.~".r-;~,::,.~;.;.~ ..:-:.:':.~:;.. ~..;;.~..~
:.:.:;: :.:. ..~ ~
en 130
~
.J.
120 ..............................................................:",(
KERN RIVER : ~..'..'.:.:. :.:".:~ :~~.~:.: :.:.:.~ :.7:.,-. \~.:::.;.,
--~
:-----,.,., . .

110

100

90

80

70

60

1988 1989 1990

I Figure 08 I
JCP/JAN91_08/SKH 17-01-91

;

 SPE 21527

OURI ::

1::Z:"j
I RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT FOR EXISTING AREAS I
MONITOR PERFORMANCE
IDENTIFY AND CORRECT
OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS
RESERVOIR MODELING

I Figure 09 I
JCP\JAN91_09\SKH 170191
 RE t1527

OURI
STEAMFLOOO
PROJECT I::
1;1; ~ ~; ~ 1111;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1; i1111;1;1 ~ 1111 ~ i ~ 1~;~
I DREAMS DATABASE SYSTEM I
GEOLOGICAL
/ - Geo_Maln
- Geo Fault

PERFORMANCE \ - Geo=Log RESERVOIR

\
/ Weekly Producer I ' - Area Section
MonthlY_Producer Pattern
: Monthly_Pattern ProJnLTable
Forecast
\ J

~
II ,
!mjl
........... __ .. - --_._----- -.---- ---.--. ( ~~:::~)
MONITORING PRODUCTION
- Dynamometer Producer Main
/ - Prod Down Mech Cond
- Casing_Blow_Test Prod:Well_frerv_Workover
- Steam_Quality Well Test
, INJECTION Daily_Prod
\ \
-Injector_Main
I '&'_~I_L_.

\ : Huff_Puff_Job
I Figure 10 I
JCP\JAN91_10\SKH 170191

?~:
 RE 21527

OURI
STEAMFLOOO

!~iH~iHHH:::~~!~i:1HI
Ii
I DURI COMPUTER FACILITIES I
INTER INTER MVAX
CVX IBM CALTEX
ONE TWO 01

LIl RUMBAI
.. -.------.-.--..-.. ----.-.---- ... --------------------------,r--l--------------------------------------------------------.-
DURI

PC~C
PC I PC I

IM~~ I
GEOL.
PC -I Lpc IRESV
WS
I IMVAX
03 INTER
PC PC

PC . I PC PC . PC
PC I
PC
OPER
COMP
~~
FIELD
AUTO
I Figure 11 I
JCP\JAN91_11\SKH 170191
 SEE 21527

OURI ii
S7EAMFLOOO ii:
PROJECT i[,
~! ~! ~i i~ ~i
i i!i!i! i iiiin!i iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii i I MONITORING PROGRAM I
Steamflood Monitoring Wells

Observation wells
- Provides data on areal and vertical sweep efficiencies
- Provides data on rate of zone heating
- Identifies steam migration outside of flood intervals

Twin Producers
- Provides an accurate measure of the contribution
of the upper and lower intervals

I Figure 12 I
JCP\JAN91_12\SKH 17-01-91

#
 SP.E 21527

OURI !!
STEAMFLOOO :!:

;"m!iiim:=~;;;ii' I MONITORING PROGRAM I

Multi-zone Steamflood Monitoring Practices

Field Operator Observation Single Zone

Well Practice Producer Practice

Kern River Chevron 1 08S well

per 4 patterns

Kern River Texaco 1 08S well 1 Single zone

per 20 patterns pair per
5 patterns

8elridge Shell 1 08S well All producers

per 3 patterns Single zone

I Figure 13 I
JCP\JAN91_13\SKH 17-01-91

."":"~'J
 SPE 2152?

OURI :~
STEAMFLOOO ::

;i;;;;;;;,;;,~=,~"",1 I MONITORING PROGRAM I

Recommended DSF Monitoring Well Density

- 1 observation well for 6 patterns

- 4 single zone producer pairs per area

I Figure 14 I
JCP\JAN91_14\SKH 17-01-91
 SPE 21527

OURI i
STEAMFLOOO ::

::f::::;;,:=~::::li
I IDENTIFY & CORRECT OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS I
STEAM STIMULATION
ACID + STEAM
POOR PRODUCTIVITY
--~ NEW GRAVEL PACK PROCEDURES
INFILL PRODUCERS

INCREASED RATES W/BALANCED lIP RATIO

INADEQUATE INJECTION ~ NEW INJECTION STRING DESIGN
TWIN INJECTORS

I Figure 15 I
JCP\JAN91_15\SKH 17-01-91
 seE 215?i

DURI
STEAMFLOOD H
PROJECT II
i!!!!!!!!!!!H!!!!!!!H!!!HHH!!iiH!ii!ii!!!!!\il

I EFFECT OF STIMULATION PROGRAM I

Steam Stimulation (Existing Areas)
1989 1990

'~~r:m:k

!3R
i""""~~:~~"'<:c~

o
~
~ (WHT < 150 F) I Figure 16 I
JCP\JAN91_16\SKH 17-01-91
 SPE 21527

OURI H
S7EAMFLOOO :~
PROJECT !i
~~!:n!:~~~:n:: nn:: !:nn!:nn~~nnnn!: n:\ I AREA - 1 PERFORMANCE ~

Property Map Statistics

ISECAI
I Area, acres
Patterns
1137
95
Patterns type 7 spot
Patterns area, acres 11 5/8

Injectors 106

Pattern Producers 397

Extra Producers 17
Intill Producers 46

Total Producers 460

Current Production MBOPD 66

A
....... : .
( : II
Current Injection MBCWEPD 244

I Figure 17 I
JCP\JAN91_17\SKH 17-01-91

.,:.. :
 seE 2152 I'

OURI
STEAMFLOOO
PROJECT Ilil
~ ~ 1~; ~ 1~ j j~ ~ i11; inl1;! 1! ~! 1!1! ~ 11! ~ ~ 1~ ~; 11 j! ~ 111 i~i
I AREA-1 PERFORMANCE I
Injection Production
400. i 400, I

350 I.. .. .. 1 350 I.. .. ........ 1

300 I.. 1 300 I........ .. .... :.._ 1

6: 250 .. ..T;~iet : :: :: .: . .: . .: :.: . 1 ~250~;<::;;~C"-

Fluid
_."'~~'~". ,<: ... ~'.<~' ..,
~ 200
o
a:l

::E 150

100 ,
~
,
,- - - - - - - -
)"... ~..~ ~.. ~..-::

V
Injection

....

1
i:
100
I

I
:::::::::..:.:::.::..:::...:.:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::..::..::.:....:::...::::..:::.::::.::::::..:::.::

.. 1
::::::

Oil
50 , 1 50 ,........ - ~.

o I iii iii iii iii iii i I I I I Iii Iii I I iii iii I I ' 0' Iii iii iii I i I I I I I i I I I iii I I I i I I I I I I I I I I

1988 1989 1988 1989 1990

I Figure 18 I
JCP\JAN91_18\SKH 17-01 -91

~;'t~ :
 SPE 21527

STEAMFL~U:;
PROJECT i:
il
!~H!~!~!~HH!H~!\!!!~H~!!\!!~!!!H!\~!!:!:!:\:I I AREA - 1 INFILL DRILLING I

Strategy
Selection of Locations
Status of 1989 Wells
1990 Program

I Figure 19 I
JCP\JAN91_19\SKH 17-01-91

"'''-'''
,. .>.
 \;
seE 21527

DURI ji
STEAMFLOOD II

!!!i!!j~H!!!:::~~!~:i~i!l:
I AREA-1 INFILL DRILLING I

Strategy Selection of Locations

- Correct patterns with performance problems - High Injection/Production ratio

- Enhance fluid withdrawal ability - Low Cumulative recovery .

- Looking for economic recovery for oil: - Low Current SOPO
"Incremental & Acceleration"
- Low Wellhead temperature

I Figure 20 I
JCP\JAN91_20\SKH 17-01-91
 SEE 21527

OURI
rI~
~
S11YlMR.OOD
PROJECT
~~~~~H~~ HHHHHHHHHHH\~H:\:~ HH~~d [I I AREA - 1 INFILL DRILLING

Selection of Locations (Poorest Patterns)

ISEC AI

..... ,..
4. ,

Patterns with lIP > 1.2, Cumulative Prod. < 30% OOIP & Current Rate < 400 BOPD
I Figure 21 I
JCP\JAN91_21 \SKH 17-01-91

":;:-!,; ~.
 seE 21527

DURI
STEAMFLOOD
PROJECT
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n~ ~ 1~ ~ jj~ ~ j1; I11; 1j~; 1j1;;; 1j1ji; nj; ~; n~
I AREA-1 INFILL DRILLING I
Pertama Isotherm
ISECA I

Legend:

~ WHT ~ 175 of

o WHT > 175F I Figure 22 I

JCP\JAN91_22\SKH 17-01-91

~ '} ...
,
. ..,.
 SPE 2152?

DURI

I
STEAMFLOOD
PROJECT
1~~;~ 1; 1~;~;1; 1~ l;n~;j;;;;;;;;; 1; mTITITI1~~i~~
I AREA-1 INFILL DRILLING

Kedua Isotherm
ISECAI

...............

22
;'

Legend:

@ WHT ~ 175 F A
o WHT > 175 F
......... ; ~ ~

ISECC I
~

I Figure 23 I
JCP\JAN91_23\SKH 17-01-91

.. ..
:~~: ,
 seE 21527

OURI ::

I
STEAMFLOOO i:

!!!i!i!i!iH!:::~~i~iiiill I AREA-1 INFILL DRILLING

Location of 1989 Test Wells

ISECA I

Program consists of six wells

Wells were selected in patterns

which exhibited poor liP and
oil recovery
Wells were located in 3 distinct
geographic regions to provide
response data from both hot and
cold patterns
Legend :.... r...,sECcl
!4

e 'Hot' Well
o 'Cold' Well
I Figure 24 I
JCP\JAN91_24\SKH 17-01-91
 SPE 2152?

OURI
S7EAMFLOOO ::
PROJECT H
::!n:!:!i!:!:::HiHH:::::::n::::Hiji::::Hili I AREA-1 INFILL DRILLING I
1989 Infill Wells Reservoir Characteristics

Infill Sand Reservoir Infill Adjacent

Driliing Type Characteristics Well Injectors

a. Typical 'Hot' well:

5T-53C Pertama Porosity 0.31 0.32
Oil Saturation 0.46 0.57
Kedua Porosity 0.30 0.31
Oil Saturation 0.36 0.48

b. Typical'Cold' well:
4S-41C Pertama Porosity 0.35 0.34
Oil Saturation 0.60 0.51
Kedua Porosity 0.31 0.31
Oil Saturation 0.31 0.27

I Figure 25 I
JCP\JAN91_25\SKH 170191
 seE 21527

STEAMFL~= I.
PROJECT Ii
~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~: ~:~~~~~~~~: i~::~~~~~~ ~ i I AREA1 INFILL DRILLING I
1989 Infill Wells Performance

Current 30-Day Avg.

Cum. Oil (8TB)
Well BOPD 8WPD WHT (Dec. '89 - Mar. '90)

38-388 14 6 92 3,150
38-588 94 145 130 8,200
4S-41C 111 238 110 11,940
"Cold well" average 73 130 111 7,763

58-53B 451 969 230 36,500

5T-53C 298 1453 252 29,900
5T-72C 247 495 251 25,250
"Hot well" average 332 972 244 30,550
I Figure 26 I
JCP\JAN91_26\SKH 17-01-91
 SPE 21527

S7EAMF:O: :1
PROJECT Ii
::~:~:::::~:~:~:~::: H~: ~ \~::\~\~:~': ':':::HH::

I
:1

I AREA - 1 INFILL DRILLING

Summary of 1989 Infill Well Performance

Observed high remaining oil saturation

in the infill location

Improved injection / production ratio

Improved steam/oil ratio

Achieved incremental production by improving

areal sweep

I Figure 27 I
JCP\JAN91_27\SKH 17-01-91
 seE 2152 j

OURI

I
STEAMFLOOO
PROJECT
~~ ~ ~ 1;1; ~; ~ 1; 1~ 111111 ji~; 11;1 j; 111111;1 ~ 1;~ 1~; 1;1
I AREA - 1 INFILL DRILLING

Plans for 1990

- Proposed Infill Producer Locations
ISECA I
........................................................, ~

- 1990 Infill program

will pursue infilling
the hot patterns with
poor lIP and oil recovery

I Figure 28 I
JCP\JAN91_28\SKH 17-01-91
 IfE 21527

OURI :j
STEAMFLOOO II

~~j~\~j~H\~\:::~~~l~~~II,
I AREA 2 PERFORMANCE I
Property map Statistics
Area : 252 Acres
110-
....................
IIfI. Pattern type : Inverted 9-spot
15 1/2 Acres
Number of patterns . 16

Number of injectors : 32 wells

Number of producers : 68 wells
Current total area production : 12,528 BOPD

Current steam injection rate : 26,865 BCWEPD

Current water injection rate : 0 BWPD

:;~~fit~~fiI~IiI .. ~

12A
As of December 31, 1990

I Figure 29 I
JCP\JAN91_29\SKH 17-01-91

-' ~ ..i
 SP.E 2152 7

DURI :~
STEAMFLOOD II

~:~:H~:HH!:::~~:~::iill,
I AREA 2 PERFORMANCE I
Historical development

1975 Initiate 16 Pattern Steamflood - Kedua Sand

1981 - 1983 Infill drill Kedua Steamflood (5 spot - 9 spot)
1984 -1986 Reduce Kedua Steamflood Gradually to Hot
Waterflood
1986 Initiate 16 Pattern Pertama Steamflood
1989 Reduce Pertama Steamflood (June & Dec. 1989)
1990 Shut in Kedua Waterflood (Mar. 1990)

I Figure 30 I
JCP\JAN91_30\SKH 17-01-91

<.;;~
 SPE 21527

S~=ii
H~ \:\~ \:\ HUHH~ \~~:~ H:\:\~ H:~:~::: \H~! \ I AREA 2 PERFORMANCE I
Production
70 ,,,
,,
,,
60
,

-1 -- --r

I
f
I , I

: --1-"'' ' ---r"'' ' ---- r

I
I
I
I

1"'

-1
I
I
I
I

p rt10a,mar"'' ' ' -~. ',\:',"
-_ r- --1- ---"'''' -r1StSatrt'a'me
, I I I I

It I, II I II I, ,f II II II I ~ J I"
It
V 1\
I f ' I I I I I , I I I
' I t I I I I I I I , I I
, I I I I I I I I t I I I I
I I I I I I I I I , I I I -'

50
I I I
.................. , J
I I

I
I

I
I

I
I

I
I

I
I

I t t
I I

:
I
,~
I

J
, I , .t ' . ' . ~/"."
' I
(J.
'I


I
I
t
I
I
f
I
I
I
I
I

I
I
I
I
I
I
I :
I I "" I I' I
,
I

: : : : : : : : : : Star' Ke:t'ua
L.,: \ : :
(j)
I

I
I

I,

II
t

,I
I

II
I

II
I

II I

,

I I

I'w a rfl 00et '" ' ,

I I I

.
I

~-g 40 ir"''''''''' -: ~-{'" -:-

I I I I I I I I I I I I
.. f -:- -_ t i -:- t -:- f t -: -: i ..
32m
f I , I I I I I I I I I I
I' I
.
I

:: :: :: :
: :: " Inflll: J' : :' :
I I I I I I I I I I I t '

CJ)(/)
: : ' P , ' : II: : ::
m
--J::J

mE 0 30 .:
I
I

:. :
I
I

~
I
I

:.

I
I
I

5-to":9s ot:..: :. ,/'\\1:..: .:1. ..:.

I
f
I
I

I
I

[I: :
I
I

:.
:~ : \' ,
:z
:
,
: : I
: : I~'

: I,1'1\. G:ross : I :'
,
:, . I I
I I I , I I I \ I I I I I I
I , I I I I I I I I I

, Sfhrt,
I

LP . , , ,'t . ' \/~' I , ., "'ll

I I
.
, I
. I I I 1 I
.
I

'~-ettua".' It..:\.(. 1""" .\.~ 1... ............

I

20
I
A
I
il ..,
I I
J ,
I ' t rl I " 1 1 I
.t '

, am Irjj" ': / \ : ,r>l: ',' ,.

I ' : :.. 'w ~'I : : : I'" I 1 :

:
I

:'''''1/'\,
r ' \ r:\A,\ \. t'"I I

:
,
:
1
:'
,
"

:
'0'"
: :_
I
: :
! ... A..~!A
\.

:
I I I I I I

:
, , t , 7'"'" ~, If I,

-or- ~_~. _.. _.. ~_ _. _.~ _ .1-, _ _~_ ~. ~ ~ ~l

I I I I

10 .. :oo
,
-1-
t
oo oo
I 'I
oo : oo .. _ ..
I
:1,
.~ oIJj
I ..

, I
1 I I
,,
I I I f

o
76 77 78 79 80 81 . 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
Time. Year I Figure 31 I
JCP\JAN91_31\SKH 170191
 SPE 21527

OURI i~
S1EAMFLOOO ::
PROJECT ii
::::i::i:iiiiiiil:Hiiiiiiiiiiiiiil:iiiiiiiiiiiiii
I AREA 2 WATERFLOOD EVALUATION I
Objectives

- Determine current waterflooding response

from the Kedua Sand

- Determine recovery efficiency of the Kedua

waterflood
- Recommend whether to continue Kedua
injection
- Examine the merit of restarting Kedua
steam injection

I Figure 32 I
JCP\JAN91_32\SKH 17-01-91

.,..~.

~~;;"
 SPE 21527

DURI :~
STEAMFLOOD I~
PROJECT i i
11~1;1!;~1;1~111;11~1111;11~111~~~;li11~ji~1i1il~1i

I AREA 2 WATERFLOOD EVALUATION I

Evaluation Strategy

Monitor the effect of operational changes on performance

- Shut In Kedua water Injection
- Plugback Kedua Sand in 6 wells
- Pertama steam injection unchanged

Conventionally core an observation well and measure remaining

oil saturation

I Figure 33 I
JCP\JAN91_33\SKH 17-01-91
 IfE 21527

OURI :!
STEAMFLOOO Ii
PROJECT ::
~~:::~:~:~:~:~: ~~~ ii~:::~ H~~~~:: i:i: ~~~~~~~ i~~~! i I AREA 2 WATERFLOOD EVALUATION I
Location of Kedua Plug back Wells

// // /,I

/,I I ~ .. /,I
i
/y
I Legend:
I
/,I 1 // J J{; l- /,I illlll,i:lii
II K sand plug back test well
-
Previous Pertama
Only completion

// //
I //
\
//
I
I Figure 34 I
JCP\JAN91_34\SKH 17-01-91

, ~. .."'
;
 seE 2152 /'

OURI
STEAMFLOOO
PROJECT III
~ 1~ 111;1;1;1 ;1111111;;;11 111~ 1;1;11111;1;1;1 i; 1~;~ I AREA 2 WATERFLOOD EVALUATION I
Evaluation of plug back wells test

100 i I
93 SCPO
< < < < < <
Purpose of test:

80 _ ..
- To determine oil contribution
from the Kedua sand
71 SCPO

Q)
3= 60 _ .

oa.. Results:
o
m 40-..........
- Maximum oil loss of 24 %

20 _ ..........

ol-~~~~ ~
Before After
I Figure 35 I
JCP\JAN91_35\SKH 17-01-91

"""',.
 SPE 2152?

DURI ::::

I
STEAMFLOOD ::
PROJECT II
~~! ~! ~: ~ Hi ~! ~~~: j~H~~~~~~~~ i:: ni: nnn: i~~ :1! :1 I AREA 2 WATERFLOOD EVALUATION

Evaluation of Kedua water injection termination

16,000

13;511BOPD , .
Purpose of test:
14,000

- To determine oil contribution

12,000 .......... . .'1;364S0PO'
, > > > > >.> > >1
due to Kedua water injection

10,000 .......... . .

0
a. 8,000 .......... . . Results:
aCD
6,000 .......... . . - Maximum oil loss of 16 %

4,000 ......... , . .

2,000 .......... . ,.................................................. , .

0
Before After
I Figure 36 I
JCP\JAN91_36\SKH 17-01-91
 SPE 21527 .

OURI :~

:!:,,)[ I AREA 2 WATERFLOOD EVALUATION I

Core well 5R-548 (1887)

Drilled:
// { //
I //
1
// ) Dec. 1989

Purpose:

// I //
. I // I // \
Determine remaining
Kedua oil saturation

// I // J // } ~ J
Legend:

, ... Observation well 5R-54B

//
I //
I //
\
~
I
I Figure 37 I
JC F'\JA N91_37\SK H 17-01 -91
 SPE 2152 7

OURI n
STEAMFLOOO ~:

ii'i'i'i'ij!j:=i~;iJ
I AREA 2 WATERFLOOD EVALUATION I
Comparison of So core to So material balance

So Core : 48.2 %
So Material balance : 47.0 % (using average core porosity)
So Material balance : 44.0 % (using average original porosity)

Comparison of So core to So original

Pertama Kedua

So Original 74.5% 64.6 0/0

So Core 48.2% 48.1 %

I Figure 38 I
JCP\JAN91_38\SKH 17-01-91

"
 SPE 21527

OURI
S7EAMFLOOO
PROJECT

I AREA 2 WATERFLOOD EVALUATION I

Conclusions:
Kedua sand contributes a maximum of 24% oil production
based on plugback well test (2/3 of which is a result of
water injection)
The Area 2 production decline is influenced by both waterflood
shut in and Pertama steam rate reduction

Kedua sand has high remaining oil saturation (48%) as

demonstrated by core analysis and material balance.

Pertama and Kedua remaining oil saturation is approximately

the same

I Figure 39 I
JCP\JAN91_39\SKH 17-01-91
 SPE 21527

OURI
STEAMFLOOO
PROJECT

I AREA 2 WATERFLOOD EVALUATION I

Plans:

Remove temporary plugs from the Kedua plugback wells

and return to production
Increase Pertama steam injection rates

Restart Kedua Steamflood using existing generators

Drill and Core an additional observation well to verify

high remaining ~ in the Kedua Sand

Install Additional Generators

I Figure 40 I
JCP\JAN91_40\SKH 17-01-91
 seE 21527

OURI
STEAMFLOOO :::
PROJECT ::1
: ~ ~ H~ HH~ HHH~~Hi~~~ HHHi~HHn~ 11 \\1
I AREA3 PERFORMANCE I
Property Map Statistics

Area, Acres 1463

Patterns 119
Pattern Type 7-spot 9-spot
Pattern size, Acres : 11-5/8 15-1/2
Injectors (active) 145

Pattern Producers 279

Extra Producers 10
Twin Producers (section A) 21
Total Producers 310

Current Production, MBOPD : 66

Current Injection, MBCWEPD : 254

I Figure 41 I
JCP\JAN91_41\SKH 17-01-91

,~
 SPE 21521

OURI I:

S~:::=II
i;i;i;i!i;i; i;~: n:; i!i! i:~! i!i;i;i!ii ~ H; ~: ~! i!iii
I AREA-3 PERFORMANCE I
Injection Production
4(X}j 18 350, i

350 I.. ..17 300 I .. .. :-.". .. 1

.... ."
300 I.. .. ; .. .. .. ........16
., .
250 I .. .. .. .. .. .. :: .'. ~ ..1
SOA ,'11
fr 250 I~~~/~~~".~~~ . FLUID

~ 200
oco
:::E 150
/ /
\ ....
~~:;::'
- :g I:,,.;,:
... "
.~ ' 3 :::E
.. '

100 I.................. IJ?.T!;A.M..IN~!;.G.T.!.QN ........ 12 100 I.. ; .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .... .. .. 1

50 1-/.. 1 50 I :::;. L ~ .
.. ,

o Iii L i ] i '- I i I I I :t iIi I I _I Iii] I I iIi I 1_'- i '0 o' I I [ Iii I I I Iii i I I Iii iii iii i I I I I I I i I

1989 1988 1989 1990

I Figure 42 I
JCP\JAN91_42\SKH 170191
 SPE 21521 .

DURI H
STEAMFLOOD 11

!HHH!j!m:::~~!~!H!il
I PRODUCER COMPLETION I
OLD DESIGN NEW DESIGN
CHGP OHGP OHGP

l l
PERTAMA

KEDUA

I Figure 43 I
JCP\JA N91_43\SKH 17-01 -91
 R21527

OURI n

Sra:~'1
HnnnHnnmmmHH1Hn~H1nHnnn~n~

I AREA-3 TWIN INJECTORS ~

Twin injector program objectives

- To achieve the design injection rates

- To improve vertical steam distribution between sands

I Figure 44 I
JCP\JAN91_44\SKH 17-01-91
 SPE 21521 .

DURI n

I
STEAMFLOOD ii'

:::::::",,:::=:~JII I AREA-3 TWIN INJECTORS

Old design
-Single String Dual- -Single String-
Injector (7j Injector (7-)
Problems:
or

p
J 4' tbg

J
p
4' tbg
1. "Single String Dual"
- Use of chokes constrained
Injection rates to below
target
Side pocket
mandrel

2. "Single String"
- Increased injection rates
to target
K K
No vertical distribution
control

TO TO I Figure 45 I
JCP\JAN91_45\SKH 17-01-91
 SPE 21527

OURI :~
STEAMFLOOO II

::~:::::::~:~:::~~:~::::II I AREA-3 TWIN INJECTORS ~

New design
Twin Injectors (CSG 7 1 )
Solution:

J J
p
"Twin Injectors"
- Allows for target
rate injection

- Provides good vertical

distribution control

TO TO
I Figure 46 I
JCP\JAN91_46\SKH 17-01-91
 q;
...... ....
0
v ..:.
T""
Q)
~ ::I:
:J ~
O'l (/)
iI: F:::
.".
I
(ji
Z

""'J
ti:
en u
""'J
II:
o
t-
O . ..
"" " : " .~ "
W
-:
-Z en

-z
t:
0
--
~
+-'
ctS
(.)
0
M
<C
'-
0
+-'
w (.)
Q)
II: --
<C t:
-- L0-
t: .9
-- ()
0>
~
+-'
c
c
"'0
Q) ~
en \J
0>
0 Cf)
o
C- Q.
0 0Lo-
;;:::::;::;::;;;;.'::;;;;;;.";;;
'- 0....
a..

 SPE 21527

OURI
STEAMFLOOO __
PROJECT Ij~i
j~ i: j~ j~ j~ j: Hi~ j~ j~ j~ j~ j~ j:::j~ j~ j: i~ j11 ~ iij: j~ i:1 I AREA 4 RESERVOIR DATA I
Property map Statistics

Area 4 N.W. Ext.

No. Prod. 213 17

No. Extra Prod. 4 0
No.lnj. 98 8
No.Obs. 8 0
Ave. K 1550 Md 1550 Md
Ave. So. 62.1% 62.1%
Ave. H. 149 104.3

I Figure 48 I
JCP\JAN91_48\SKH 17-01-91
 SPE 21527

DURI :~

~="
H~mjnnnl;i]HHHHHHHH;lHlHlii;i]i]\:1
I STEAMFLOOD AREA PERFORMANCE I
Areas 1,2,3 & 4 Statistics
Area, Acres : 4122
No. of patterns : 336

No. of producers : 1072

No. of injectors (active) : 389

Current area production, MBOPD: 180

Current injection rate, MBCWEPD: 720

I Figure 49 I
JCP\JAN91_49\SKH 170191
 SP.E 21521

DURI.

S~:::::; ,I

;:~:~::jn~:~j:j~:~j~j~j~:~j~j:j;:::~:;j~j~j~j~l~i11 I STEAMFLOOD AREA PERFORMANCE I

Injection Production
1()()() . .
1:1 .1:0 900 1 , , .. ,1

: I.::..:::.::.:.:....::...:...:..:..::.:.:.:....:.....:.. :.:::.. ::::.:........::... :.:.:.:::::.::.:::.:::::::.::.::::::~:~:~:_:.:.:.:::1

800 I 18

700 I................ ...... ..

, , ~ ..:~,~ ....17 ---- \

, "

3001 .......... .. , ..1

2001.... .. .. .... .. ..12 2OO1 .. ...... .. Oil ,.... .= ~ .
100 I.. .. .. .... .... ............ .. ...................... .......... .. .. .... .. .. ......1 100 1" :" : , , ,.., , , ," ., , ., \
oI i i iiI I ~ i I I .1. I ] I I i I I I I I i .L I '0 o iii I i I I iii i

1989 1990 1989 1990

I Figure 50 I

JCP\JAN91_50\SKH 17-01-91

1! ~
 SPE 21527

DURI ;:
STEAMFLOOD !!

'''''i!im:::=~i''il' RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT

FOR NEW AREAS

DELINEATION PROGRAM
- CORING TO PROVIDE GEOLOGY PARAMETERS

OIL FIELD AUTOMATION

SIMULATION

I Figure 51 I
JCP\JAN91_51 \SKH 17-01-91

 seE 21527

OURI ::
STEAMFLOOO ::
PROJECT !:
iiiHiiiiiiiiiiiiHiiiiijHiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii\!

I DSF SIMULATION I
Accomplishments

Running 8183 on MVAX in Duri

Workstation Operational
Running 8183 on CONVEX
Completed 3 8tudies
- Area 1 History Match
- Area 6 Pattern Size & Configuration
- Preliminary Full Field Development

I Figure 52 I
JCP\JAN91_52\SKH 1 7 -01 -91
 SEE 21527

S1EAMFL~':
PROJECT
il
i
!!!!i!ii!i!!iinHHH!Hiii!!iiii!ii!i!ii:iiiii!! I AREA 1 HISTORY MATCH I
Gridding

Area-1
1/2 - 11 5/8 Acre, 7 spot
~
( 4 X 7 X 11 model)

j1

I Figure 53 I
JCP\JAN91_53\SKH 17-01 -91

,':;. ~ ~ i
 seE 21521

OURI
STEAMFLOOO
PROJECT
H

Ii
.iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiHiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!!1 I AREA - 1 HISTORY MATCH I
Layering
58-BaA
GR LLD
400
Sw 0 Kh Kv
44% 37% 1552 776
PERTAMA , I))m))~;jffim)))]~~j)j))m)))I))m))m))))~mm)m:
49% 33% 439 220
<..- ,jjj]jj~j]ji!]W!fflW;nj]j]j~j]j]j]j]j;j]j;~]jjj;j]jjj]j;j;

47% 31% 494 247

KEDUA
~ "I,I,I;m~~jji@jm~~I,jjl;I,III,~1@'j',I,j~,~IIII',I,I,I,1
60% 31% 522 261

BAJI

~il::::;:~:;:r~:::~:i::;:::
JAGA 39% 34% 1124 562

750 I Figure 54 I
JCP\JAN91_54\SKH 1 7-01 -91
 RE 2152'

OURI

S~=II I AREA - 1 HISTORY MATCH I

,~ ~~~~~~! ~~ i~! ~~~~~ i~~~ H~~~~; ii ~~~~~~ ii~~~~~ ~ il

Cumulative Oil (4x7x11)

gm i I

600

co
~
~
.......
400
0
E
::J
()
200

Legend:
[] Historical 0
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

+ Model
Time I Figure 55 I
JCP\JAN91 55\SKH 17-01-91
 seE 21527

I
DURI ::
STEAMFLOOD i:
PROJECT Iii
~ mm ~1;~;;~;~~~~~~~~~ i;; ~;;~ 1;1111;;1;;1;;1; 11 ~:
I AREA -1 HISTORY MATCH

Cumulative Water Cut (4x7x11)

0.8

0.7
+-'
::J
o
L-
a>
1ti
~
0.6
E
::J
()

0.5 -+71 j

Legend:
0.4
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
[J Historical
Model Time
+
I Figure 56 I
JCP\JAN91_56\SKH 1 7-01 -91

,h)f: .~;
1
t
 SPE 21527

STEAMF:'o: Ii
PROJECT [1

I
iHHHiii:i:i:iH:i:iiiiiiiHH:i:i:iiiiH:i:i!11

I AREA - 1 HISTORY MATCH

Summary

- Improved model grid

- Improved reservoir layering description

- Improved rock and fluid properties

- Successfully matched 4.5 years of steamflood production

I Figure 57 I
JCP\JAN91_57\SKH 17-01-91

,'.
(~, "i-
 SPE 21527

OURI ~.

STEAMFLOOO :~
PROJECT Ii
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~;! ~~~~~~~~~!~~ H~~~~!;;~~~~~~~~ ii

I AREA-6 PATTERN SIZE & CONFIGURATION I

Pattern sensitivity study

Pattern optimization objectives

- Determine optimum pattern size

- Determine optimum pattern geometry

- Include results in Area-6 AR

I Figure 58 I
JCP\JAN91_58\SKH 17-01 -91

i
 SPE 2152?

OURI n
S~:c:::; ,I

~ ~ ~ j~ ~ ~ ~ i ~~ ~ ;;~ 1i; H~;; ~~; ~ ~~~~~ ~ ~; ~i~~~i~!11111;;

I AREA-6 PATIERN SIZE & CONFIGURATION I

WELL SPACING / PATTERN SIZE & GEOMETRY STUDY

CONSTANT WELL SPACING DEVELOPMENT

5-SPOT, 7-SPOT, 9-SPOT, 13-SPOT

000
CONSTANT PATIERN GEOMETRY (9 SPOl)
7.5,11.625, 17.5 ACRE PATIERNS

CONSTANT PADERN SIZE (11.625 ACRES)

5-SPOT, 7-SPOT, 9-SPOT, 13-SPOT
I Figure 59 I
JCPWAN91 _59\SKH 17-01 -91
 SPE 21527

OURI :i
STEAMFLOOO ::

:::!::!:!:!:!::::~~:~:j::11

AREA-6 PATTERN SIZE & CONFIGURATION

Summary

HYBRID 9-SPOT/5-SPOT BEST ECONOMICS

HYBRID ADDS INCREMENTAL EDGE RESERVES USING

LOWER COST 5-SPOT PATIERNS

HYBRID RECOVERY/ECONOMICS IMPROVED BY

6 TO 12 MONTH DELAY OF 9-SPOT SIDEWELL PRODUCERS

I Figure 60 )

JCP\JAN91_60\SKH 1 7-01 -91

 S~E 21527 .

S7FAMn: II

~j~j~:~!~j~j~j:::~~i~~j~!:1

AREA-6 PATTERN SIZE & CONFIGURATION

Other advantages of 9 spot over existing 7 spot

not reflected in economics:

Increases produ<?er - injector ratio (2.5- 3.5)

Improves injection-production (liP) balance

I Figure 61 I
JCP\JAN91_61 \SKH 17-01 -91
 SfE 21527

OURI L

Sra:::::r
~~~~~j~~~~~1n~j~~~1~~~jl~~~j~jj~jl~~~i~jj~~~~~;~j
II

I DSF SIMULATION I
Preliminary Full Field Development

Develop forecasts for remaining DSF Areas

Utilize historical cost data
Evaluate economics
Determine optimum development plan

I Figure 62 I
JCP\JAN91_62\SKf t 17-01-91
 SPE 21527

OURI.

S~:::; I'
~!!!!j:nn!!nnn!:f:i~nni:i~j~(Wl!j!l!i!i~::
I DSF SIMULATION I
Predicted Rates for Typical Area Predicted Cumulatives for Typical Area

~i I 70 i i
Typical DSF Area Typical DSF Area

60
~:~~~~~
~
!L-
.....
o .40~ :/. 1
D. oQ)
0 40 a:.~I-
m -/ 1
~ \. ,.
.

E
20 t,
\. \
,~tat-
,'.
\ .'.:,.~ , .
:J
()201- / 1

",",, , "",". ...."

eo '\ "0

" 10

0. "
oV I I I I I I I I ~"*::.':'
0
0.01.5 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.5 10.5 0.0 0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.5 105

Year Year

_00 6Yrs. - - 7Yrs. . 8Yls. - 9Yls. --10Yls.

6Yrs. 7Yrs. 8Yrs.
........ _-9Yls. 10Yls

I Figure 63 I
JCP\JAN91_63\SKH 17-01 -91

(?!-~ ~
 SPE 21527

S7EAMF:'oU: 11

PROJECT :"
;ITTI%iii:::iH::i;i;;ii:i::iiiiiii:iii;;;;:::1

I DSF SIMULATION ~

Future studies

Symmetrical element model (1990)

- Water after steam
- Distillation effects

Multiple pattern model (1991)

- Fluid movement across boundaries
- Discontinuous layers

I Figure 64 I
JCP\JAN91_64\SKH 17-01 -91