FUNTASTIC SCIENCE SHOW

Opening Spiel:

Good morning / Good afternoon / Good evening!

Hi kids! Hows everyone doing?

Are you excited for the show?

By the way, welcome to my laboratory! Im Irene and this is my assistant Lloyd!

We are going to learn all about carbon dioxide today.

Does anyone know what carbon dioxide is?

Carbon dioxide is a colorless and odorless gas that is present in our environment. You, me and other
animals breathe out carbon dioxide. It also comes from the decomposition of our waste and
garbage.

So where does carbon dioxide go when we release it to the air?

When it is present in the air, it rises up to the atmosphere and creates a force field that keeps the
earth from freezing. This is called the greenhouse effect. The extra carbon dioxide that we produce
will then be absorbed by trees and other plants and use it to make their food and create oxygen for
us to breathe.

What if we produce lots and lots of carbon dioxide and there are not enough trees and plants to
absorb it?

Part I: Carbon Dioxide

I.Dry Ice / Smoky Bubble Experiment

But before that, what do you see here? (wait for answer, then reply accordingly)

What are factories? What do factories make for us?

They make the things that we need, like our gadgets, our iphones and ipads, our clothes and our
food. They also make things we use in school like our books and notebooks, our pens and pencils,
and our paper.

How do they produce these things? They use machines and engines. And these machines and
engines need fuel to run. These factories use fuel by burning it to make their machines and
engines run. Burning these fuel produces smoke that contains carbon dioxide and other pollutants
that they release into the air, which can then be harmful to our health and the environment.

Where does the carbon dioxide that these factories release into the air go?

Some of them will be absorbed by the trees. When the trees cannot absorb them anymore it rises
up into the air and acts as a force field trapping the heat inside the earth. And when this carbon
 dioxide shield gets thicker and thicker, the heat cannot escape and the earth will be hotter and
hotter. This is the greenhouse effect which contributes to global warming.

When you go out, its very hot right? Then we use our air conditioners. You may think that its cold
inside, but they release heat outside. When we use our electric appliances like our refrigerators,
our TVs, our computers, and our gadgets we generate more heat that will be trapped by the
carbon dioxide.

The earth will be like a sauna which is so hot and you will sweat a lot. And we dont like that right?
Lets do our own part and lessen the use of these appliances and gadgets.

With this in mind, lets learn more about carbon dioxide and see whats behind these factories.

This experiment illustrates how carbon dioxide is released into the air.

When we compress carbon dioxide under very low temperatures, we make dry ice.

This is dry ice, and it is solid carbon dioxide. (show dry ice) Watch what happens when I drop the dry
ice into the bottle. What did you observe?

The water appears to be boiling, and it is producing smoke. Why did that happen?

The dry ice reacts with the warm water inside the bottle and starts to sublime and turn into gas. The
water then bubbles as the gas escapes in the form of smoke. When we relate this to how our
factories produce carbon dioxide, the dry ice serves as fuel that was being burned and released
into the environment as smoke. Can you imagine thousands of these factories releasing this much
smoke into the air? Its not a very good picture isnt it?

If we cant stop the factories from running, how can we reduce the amount of carbon dioxide that
these factories release? There are several ways we can do that. One way is we can try trapping the
carbon dioxide.

Lets have some fun! I need someone to come up on stage and help me with this experiment.

(Greet volunteer, ask name, ask if ready, ask if he/she knows how to make bubbles)

Now, we are going to make a special kind of bubbles. (Explain what to do, and ask to pop the
bubbles)

What did you observe? Smoke came out from the bubbles when they were popped. Why did that
happen? (Thank the audience.) When we put the tube on the bottle the smoke now traveled
through the tube and similar to blowing regular bubbles, the smoke blew out bubbles, and when
we popped these bubbles the smoke came out because it was trapped inside the bubble. And this
smoke contains carbon dioxide. That is one way of trapping carbon dioxide.
II. Flaming Bubbles

Carbon dioxide is not the only gas that can be trapped in a bubble. I have another experiment here
that shows gases can be trapped. I need someone brave and who is not afraid of fire to come up
here on stage.

(Ask volunteer name, and if bubbles can be burned, practice lighting on the hand, etc.)

My assistant Lloyd has prepared a special solution for us today. It contains soap and water. We can
already see it has a lot of bubbles. (Ask volunteer if ready)

Now, I want you to burn the bubbles. (After the bubbles lit up, ask if they want more, do it again,
then thank the volunteer).

How did the bubbles flame up? Do you think it was because of the soap and water or something
else? Lloyd, introduced a flammable gas into our solution, the bubbles then trapped the gas and
when you put fire in the presence of oxygen, it flamed up. When we burned the bubbles, what did
we produce? Carbon dioxide.

III. Car

Are you excited to learn more about carbon dioxide emission? You should because weve prepared
something spectacular for you!

Do you own cars? I dont own a car because Im not that rich. But Lloyd here made a car for me.
Lloyd, wheres my car? My car is powered by a fire extinguisher. Do you think the fire extinguisher
can power my car? Do you want to find out? Lets test drive my car. That was awesome! Do you
want to try it out? No you cant lets just leave it to the professionals.

How did the fire extinguisher power my car? This fire extinguisher is full of compressed carbon
dioxide. And when it pressed the handle, a massive force of air came out of the fire extinguisher
that propelled my car forward. Because theres this person called Newton who came up with
three laws of motion. And his third law states that for every action, there is an opposite and
equal reaction. So when the massive force of air rushed out in this direction, my car was
propelled in the other direction. Thats how the fire extinguisher did it.

But did you see the thick smoke that came out from my car? This smoke is pure carbon dioxide
being released into the air. It resembles the carbon dioxide that our cars also release to the air.
Could you imagine millions of cars in our street, in EDSA, in your cities, and in the world emit that
much carbon dioxide into the environment. It adds more and more layers to the atmosphere
trapping all the heat in. Knowing this, we should be responsible car owners by using cleaner fuels
and regularly cleaning our engines. This also follows the laws set for smoke belching and cleaner
air.
Summary of Part I:

Again, we can reduce the carbon dioxide in the air by trapping carbon dioxide emissions. We learned
about the many ways of trapping gases, especially carbon dioxide. There are also companies in
Europe that capture the released carbon dioxide from power plants and factories and convert
them to something useful. Maybe you too, can think of a way to capture and trap carbon dioxide.

Did you enjoy the experiments about carbon dioxide? Dont leave yet because we have more in
store for you today.

Part II: Fire and Electricity

IV. Fire Tornado

Does anyone have an idea what a forest fire is? A forest fire is an uncontrollable fire in the forest.

In our next experiment, we will learn how a forest fire starts. Lloyd can you help me with this?

Lets light this up

How it works:

As hot air rises, it forms vertical columns, or "chimneys," allowing the fire to go higher. The screen
then allows air from the outside to fuel the fire and the makes the air swirl in a circular motion
making the flame twist and turn and dance.

Like forests fires, it starts from a small flame and the rotating metal illustrates the way winds whip
through the trees in the forest and collide with the warm air from the fire, causing it go higher and
higher. The rising column of twisting fire can dance along the treetops, causing the fire to spread
easily and become uncontrollable.

These forest fires can be created by human or nature. Simple flicking of a cigarette butt can start a
fire. We should be responsible with our actions and not play with fire or leave it unattended.
When you see a lighted cigarette butt put it off and throw it in the trash. Preventing these forest
fires can help save our trees and forests.

V. Lightning

As I have said earlier, forest fires can also be created by nature. One example of this is when
lightning strikes a part of the forest and starts the fire.

(Lightning/Thunder sounds)

What was that?

What is lightning? Lightning is a powerful burst of electricity that happens very quickly during a
thunderstorm. It contains millions of volts of electricity and a lightning strike can be very, very hot.
When lightning strikes you, it can be very deadly.

How is lightning formed? The movement of particles inside a thundercloud creates static electricity,
with the negative charge (electrons) forming at the bottom of the cloud and the positive charge
 (protons) forming at the top. Since opposites attract, the negative charge at the bottom of the
cloud seeks out a positive charge to connect with. The ground is full of positive charges, so when
the negative charge from the clouds connect to a positive charge from the ground. It forms a
lightning strike.

As much as I would like to show you an experiment about lightning, I cant because its too
dangerous and we cant do it in this venue.

VI. Clouds

But lightning comes from clouds. In our next experiment, we will be making a cloud. I need a
volunteer to come up on stage and help me with the experiment.

(Ask name and explain what he/she needs to do)

What did you observe? We formed fog inside the bottle, fog is a type of cloud that is formed near
the ground.

(Thank the volunteer)

How did the fog form inside the bottle?

Pumping air into the bottle forces water vapor to squeeze together or to compress. Releasing the
pressure quickly allows the air in the bottle to expand quickly. In doing so, the temperature of the
air in the bottle becomes cooler. This cooling allows the water vapor to stick together or
condense, and form clouds. The alcohol in the bottle introduced particles that allowed us to see
the cloud clearly.

Clouds on Earth form when warm air rises and its pressure is reduced. The air expands and cools
down to condense into clouds.

VII. Static Electricity

Now we know how clouds are formed, lets talk about the static electricity that starts lightning.

I need another volunteer to come up on stage and help me with this experiment.

(Ask name, do small talk)

Do you believe that there is electricity in our body? Lets prove that there is electricity in our body.

I am holding a special device in my hand, do you know what this is?

I need you to rub it on your hair as fast as you can. Now lift it up, what can you observe?

The hair is sticking to the balloon.

This happens because when you were rubbing the balloon on your hair, you transfer the negative
charges to the balloon and your hair is now positively charged. When you lifted the balloon, the
hair is sticking to it because opposite charges attract.

This is what happens inside the cloud where particles are rubbing on each other and produces
electricity as lightning.
 Now we have proven that electricity is present in our body and in the things around us.

Electricity is important in our lives. Since, electricity generation produces heat and pollution and
carbon dioxide. As a solution, Other sources of electricity, solar, hydro, windmills, geothermal,
biomass.

Now let us proceed and learn about pressure.

Part III: Pressure and Liquid N

What is pressure? Is it to study hard? Pressure that we hear when we open a soda bottle, pressure
cooker. That is the pressure that we will be learning about today. Pressure is defined as a
continuous force applied on or against an object.

VIII. Bernoullis Ball (Hair Dryer and Ping Pong Ball)

Principle: Air from the hair dryer blows out really fast, causing it to have lower pressure than the
surrounding air. The upward pressure from the hairdryer balances the downward force of gravity,
keeping the ball 'levitating'. The fast air moving around the sides of the ball is at a lower pressure
than its surrounding, higher pressure air forcing the ball to stay inside the column of air.

IX. Air Vortex

Principle: When the string is released, a large mass of air rushes out of the vortex generator,
however, some of the air gets trapped in the opening making it go under causing it to spin in a
circular motion forming a ring of air called a vortex.

It holds it shape for a long period of time because as we have discussed earlier, faster air means
lower pressure and this spinning low pressure air is surrounded by high pressure air maintaining
its shape.

This is the same as how the air in our atmosphere behaves. Our weather is defined by the
temperature and pressure of air. When the air is fast, creating a low pressure area, and as the air
is spinning faster and faster, the temperature is lowered and a higher chance of rain or typhoon
may occur.

X. Liquid N

Have you enjoyed the show so far?

We have one final experiment that will, amaze, fascinate and freeze you with excitement.

Lets see, we have studied about certain properties of air, and as you know air is made up of
different gases like carbon dioxide and oxygen. The major component of air is nitrogen. In this
experiment, we will learn more about nitrogen.

Nitrogen makes up 78% of the air and is present in the plants, animals and in our body. When you
apply a lot of pressure and very low temperatures (around -195C) to nitrogen, it can condense and
become liquid. So we have here liquid nitrogen.
 Do you want to see what liquid nitrogen can do? I have _____ here, lets submerge it into the liquid
nitrogen and see what happens.

Liquid nitrogen is very cold, and it is used for a lot of things. Like cryosurgery, where doctors use the
liquid nitrogen to remove warts from our body. It is also used for welding two metals together. It
can also be used to prepare food like ice cream, and they use it for food preservation.

(The experiment is done.)

Whenever you need a hammer, just freeze ______ and use it to hammer your nails.

I have some liquid nitrogen left, do you want to see what happens if we dumped hot water to it?

Lets find out.

Finale:

That was a lot of smoke. Much like the smoke coming from our factories, our cars, and burning of
fuels. Can you imagine a world where the smoke is really thick and we walk around wearing
masks? A lot of pollution and carbon dioxide in the air. That is not a good future to look forward
to.

It is now up to us to make the world cleaner and healthier. We should look for more ways to lessen
our carbon dioxide emission. Less carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, means a cooler environment.
We have shown you ways on how to trap and reduce these emissions. Trees can also absorb the
extra carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. So I challenge each and every one of you, lets all plant
more trees.