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Main components

Refrigeration & Air conditioning

Copyright marzo de 2016 por TECSUP


Introduction

Can we install a refrigeration system?

http://bajaheatingandac.com/wp-
content/uploads/2012/07/Heat-pump-repair-
300x200.jpg
Outcomes
Identify the main components of the system and
their respective functions
Select the main components in according the
thermal capacity of the system
ndex
Outcomes
1. Compressors
2. Expansion devices
3. Evaporators
4. Condensers
Bibliography
1- Compressor
1.1 Classification: According to its operation
principle
Positive displacement
Reciprocating compressors.
Wide range of cooling capacities (1/8 - 100 HP)
Wide range of applications
http://www.antartic.cl/media/reciprocating_download.swf

Rotary compressors.
Suitable for air conditioning
Vane compressor
Scroll http://www.antartic.cl/media/scroll_download.swf
Classification
1.1-According to its operation principle

Screw compressor (industrial)


High capacity (100 a 700 ton)
No used for low capacity of refrigeration

Reaction compressors
Centrifugal compressors(industrial)
Turbomachinery
Continuous flow
From 80 to 8000 tons of capacity
Classification
1.2-According the assembling
Hermetic compressors
Electric motor and compressor are mounting as
a sealed unit
Wide range of applications (small and medium
capacities)
In advance, do not allow the internal
mechanical maintenance (no demountable)
Classification
1.2-According the assembling

Semi-hermethic
Electric motor and compressor are mounting as
a sealed unit
Allow internal maintenance (demountable)
Normally for medium capacities
Classification
1.2-According the assembling

Open compressors
Electrical motor separated from the
compressor
Direct coupling of the motor or by pulley and
belt transmission
Allows internal maintenance (demountable)
Usually used in medium and high capacities
(hasta 100 HP)
Clasificacion
1.2- According the assembling

(continuacin)
Fell into disuse in small applications
Allows to change the velocity and so its
operation capacity.
Usual leakage of refrigerant in the mechanical
seal
2- Expansion devices

2.1-The expansion process


When the fluid flows through a piping it loses
pressure due to a severe constriction that
undergoes. By the first law of thermodynamics
for open processes systems: Q=H + W

If we consider that the constriction is made in a


completely insulated environment:
H=0
Then, the process is isoenthalpic
2.2-The expansion device functions
Controls the flow of refrigerant
Generates the high pressure of the cycle
Permit the cooling of refrigerant by the Joule -Thomson
principle
Permit the superheating of refrigerant

http://www.aires- https://lh3.googleusercontent.c
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content/uploads/2013/09/copp oads/images/products/thermal- qnMoBSsr6UiaHyn4w9N6N0v
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2.3-Thermostatic expansion
valve (TEV)
Sensor bulb location

http://machineryequipmentonline.com/hvac-
machinery/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Air-
Conditioning-Equipment-0370_thumb.jpg
The Thermostatic expansion
valve parts

http://www.waybuilder.net/free-
ed/Courses/05%20Building%20and%20Contruction/05
0207%20HVAC%20Refrig/Lesson14.gif
How act the valve

Suction line

liquid

Cooled bulb
How act the valve

Suction
line
Capillary
tube

liquid

HEATED BULB
External equalizer expansion valve

Suction line

Capillary tube
Equalizer tube Installation

http://www.achrnews.com/NEWS/2004/39/Files/Images/1
12344.jpg
Refrigerant distributor

http://www.achrnews.com/NEWS/2001/26/Files/I
mages/14805.jpg
Refrigerant distributor

http://www.bcf-
europe.com/images/1101_distributori_venturi.jpg
Thermostatic expansion valve

http://img.weiku.com/waterpicture/2011/10/29
/3/Thermostatic_expansion_valve_634594093
510002686_2.JPG
TEV location

https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/JYNKxevBbCOVbUYDmm37aR
fgSfOkhUDp8nGOeLai3odxetHbCg6SfMltgNnIncV_oYtM=s96
Dimensioning capillary tubes
Dimensioning capillary tubes
Convertion of capillary diameters
Capilar
D.I. 0.026 0.031 0.036 0.042 0.044 0.049 0.050 0.054 0.055 0.059 0.064 0.070 0.07
Plg.
0.024 1.44
0.025 1.20
0.026 1.00 2.24
0.028 0.72 1.50
0.030 0.52 1.16
0.031 0.45 1.00 2.00
0.032 0.86 1.75
0.033 0.75 1.64
0.034 0.65 1.35
0.035 0.58 1.16 2.34
0.036 0.50 1.00 2.10
0.037 0.48 0.90 1.79 2.22
0.038 0.39 0.80 1.59 1.92
0.039 0.35 0.71 1.41 1.75
0.040 0.31 0.62 1.25 1.56 2.56
0.041 0.29 0.56 1.12 1.38 2.26 2.50
0.042 0.25 0.50 1.00 1.24 2.03 2.23
0.043 0.23 0.45 0.87 1.11 1.83 1.98
0.044 0.20 0.39 0.81 1.00 1.62 1.79
0.045 0.36 0.73 0.90 1.47 1.60 2.32
0.046 0.32 0.67 0.82 1.34 1.47 2.07 2.27
0.047 0.59 0.74 1.20 1.31 1.89 2.06
3- Evaporators and Condensers

NATURAL
CONVECTION

http://player.slideplayer.es/14/4399908/data/ima
ges/img7.jpg
3.1-Finned evaporators
Attached by pressure or welding

Cross section

TYPES OF FINNED TUBES


3.2-Types of static evaporators

INLET

OUTLET

INLET
OUTLET
INLET
OUTLET

INLET
OUTLET
PLATE EVAPORATORS
3.3-Finless evaporator

Semi flooded evaporator


3-4-Dry evaporator

Finless coils
3.5-Submerged evaporator

http://www.precisionspindleinc.com/images/
space_saving_design.gif
3.6-Flooded type evaporator

https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/rhqMYBq5JkBHSon0
S4G1cOEuFcnfP_ErwLV5ZcsUBfOQZ6302EFUQM0Glpl
bQ3N_6ckk=s110
3.7-Shell and tube type evaporator

https://encrypted-
tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQZUKKvf9hp4
_FqjZFMuwfI0G-uCJG6Bkb9B_4kDKbPaxOB_T6dGQ
3.8-Fan coil evaporator

https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/L4014yfbrl13
1lK92LLtJ-
W7JGDDkFVcMFXPrVTMeb2B_LscNvPX5Wgd
AKmpTtB86e3F=s114
4-Condenser
4.1-Concentric Tube Condenser

https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/CbofTEmdiNX5cT
kGLBfM82y86NaG_0cSvjL_3xHb5zY0nsdJimnYORn
5Rl6ND0pogAnVr-8=s128
4.2-Water multi tubular
condenser

https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/9GBek4
eo8zLGNQTH4_YiAfdC3Z0NZ9OEnG_gbc
T1F4hrxsPrskKySIMv06yPFC5Di7View=s1
70

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Ln1x9nqxIbQTuWVZWKlw8SNTMB6ya1xgXEe0
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4.3- Vertical air forced convection

http://www.mokon.com/about-
mokon/releases/mokon-announces-new-
outdoor-air-cooled-condensers-for-portable-
central-chillers/outdoor.jpg
Solenoids valves

https://encrypted-
tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTb_
DXEyykES-WYpo0ewAhEo-
p3OsFs9pEccGB6Gd5MLzx_90zZ
Reciprocating compressor

http://www.zoombd24.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/air-
compressor.jpg
Rotary vane compressor

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/c https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/Kn
ommons/thumb/2/2d/Rotary_vane_pum oMYrNoEcyXU2FCypPH2leDKat2nA
p.svg/200px- TOH21IyAwMkArldbmtYeqwvV5XLkA
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Rotary vane compressor

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qjfmaGawmmQ/THv7
mSmdcZI/AAAAAAAAAA0/pf045IBHnaE/s1600/
Compresores4.bmp
Rotary excentric compressor

http://www.blog.simec.biz/wp-
content/uploads/2014/08/comp_2.jpg
Scroll compressor

https://lh3.googleusercontent
.com/f1NB-
oCYY2inNrxS6a7GR5aJX0n
PVkKbRQjQwB1bcAQ9- http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_tNDQnIGR8GA/S8WO
RQMdzeJp4oGNmjb84hAO4 wen6dXI/AAAAAAAAADI/yOWs0PMcdRQ/s160
KYjA=s85 0/scroll+operating+principle1.png
Hermetic compressor

https://encrypted-
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eBhn4xAcymQsbAqMzWdu6giiF8fP_iWnUwExC RnMvVNuppwTWCJQgZoNWrN4IJn1JI
mEkGrdIeh_znt6hsgNmvB=s85 HKZ_87EsFSuFqi_IVXJW9F8ky
Semi-hermetic compressor

https://encrypted-
tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQOMLF3-
PeotrkQBDqkLMkt3g0-H8Epg99MpD9-dYO3XnJP3-
deFsozhaM
Semi-hermetic compressor

https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/_THV9TgyiIYEB_ICf6ORpn4J6M2
HgJwH_4Tdu6DOrXnJKxTM831ICFxlz_1LjV5DGr1P=s136
Open compressor

https://encrypted-
tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQ
vFdWRV97XiNemaLEEY3R8PbTzsSX3oj
heDJkOwyur0vHNyRasTU_2
Screw compressor

https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/lt3SpYN81rcZiSG30-
JjFA84QLzA1Db7QV66s_Ml5mKilgVqS6wVupsIIaPhqymBmHIIdg=s121
Centrifugal compressor

https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/h1JoZr7wfgW
1jZc8QG6KgV8cD5DTiEpfZeh2yLQvgbj9X0QaV https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/oVcdc
jeGOz6I62ecFetDNqCy=s136 VFPSxzvO-
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Bibliography

Dossat, Roy (1980) Principios de refrigeracin. Mxico


D.F.: Continental S.A. (621.56/D93)

Withman, William (2003) Tecnologa de la refrigeracin y


aire acondicionado . Madrid: Paraninfo. (621.56/W54/t.1)

Withman, William (2003) Tecnologa de la refrigeracin y


aire acondicionado: refrigeracin comercial II. Madrid:
Paraninfo. (621.56/W54/t.2)

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