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Minor-1 Synopsis

MONITORING AND CONTROL OF CITY WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

By

NAME ROLL No.

KUMAR SHUBHAM R790215027

MOHNEESH JHA R790215033

NISHANT KUMAR R790215037

RIYA GOYAL R790215042

under the guidance of

Mr.Arpit Jain

Assistant Professor - Senior Scale

Department of Electronics & Instrumentation Control Engineering


University of Petroleum & Energy Studies
Bidholi, Via Prem Nagar, Dehradun, UK
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Content Page No.

I. Title 2

II. Introduction 2-6

III. Literature Review 7-9

IV. Description/Methodology 10-11

V. Time lineChart 12

VI. References 12-13

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TITLE
MONITORING AND CONTROL OF CITY WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION

In todays world, water is the most precious thing on the earth. But due to deforestation and change
in climate the rate of rainfall has decreased a lot. People residing in cities are facing a lot of problem
due to mismanagement of water supply. Lack of monitoring leads to wastage and uneven
distribution of water. There are many other problems such as leakage in water pipelines, overflow
of water through tanks, taps due to which a lot of water is dissipated. Water is an essential need
for every person but the lack of monitoring and controlling leads to the wastage. To overcome this
problem there must be a proper and continuous monitoring, controlling and planned supply of
water. Before implementing this minor project, we have taken a field survey to understand the
water supply administration and the problems faced by people due to lack of monitoring of water
distribution. Through this survey we observed that all these problems can be solved by using a
better and useful technology of water distribution. We have developed an application based
embedded system with the help of Lab view (PLC) and controllers in IOT platform. IOT is inter-
networking of connected devices which are used by billions of people in the entire world. The IOT
gives people various opportunities for more direct integration of the physical world into computer-
based systems, and resulting in improved efficiency, accuracy and economic benefit in addition to
reduced human intervention.

City water can be distributed by four systems:

1. Grid iron system


2. Ring system
3. Dead end or tree system.
4. Radial system

GRID IRON SYSTEM This system are mostly used in cities with rectangular layout where the
water mains and branches are laid in rectangle. The whole distribution system is interconnected so
the water remains in circulation and there is no contamination of water because of the absence of
dead ends.

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Advantages

1. In this system whole distribution system is interconnected hence water can reach from more
than one direction.

2. It provides better quality of water.

3. Lesser area is cutoff during the repair.

4. In case of a breakdown in some section, water is available from some other direction.

Disadvantages

1. The main disadvantage is that the system has a lot of valves to cutoff a small area in case
of accidental hazards.
2. Exact calculation of sizes of pipes is not possible due to the provision of valves on all
branches.

DEAD ENDOR TREE SYSTEM -It is the system in which each block/street is supplied
separately from the main. So there is end of system at each end of the block. In this system one

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main starts from service reservoirs along main road. Sub mains are connected to the main in both
directions along other roads which meets the main road. In streets, lanes & other small roads which
meet the roads carrying sub mains, branches & minor distributaries are connected to the sub mains.
From these branches service connections are made to individual houses.

Advantages

1. Good for the city which has been developed haphazardly.

2. It is economical due to requirements of less no. of valves.

3. Easy to construct, discharge and pressure can be easily determined due to less no. of valves.

Disadvantages

1. Large areas are cutoff during repairing due to no interconnection within the systems.

2. When tap is not opened for a long time, water may get contaminated.

3. Due to many dead ends, stagnation of water occurs in pipes.

Radial system-In this distribution system the whole area is divided into different zones and one
reservoir is provided for each zone. The water is pumped into the distribution reservoir kept in the

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middle of each zone & the supply pipes are laid radially ending towards the periphery. It is reverse
of ring system, water flows towards outer periphery from one point.

Advantages

1. It gives quick service.

2. Calculation of pipe size is easy.

Disadvantages

1. Not opted in India because for this system the roads should be laid out radially from a
Centre.

Circular or ring system-It is the reverse of radial system where water flow towards a point from
outer periphery. Each locality is divided into square or circular blocks & water mains are laid all
around four sides or round the circle. It can be adopted in well planned locality of cities. This is
best of other systems but it requires many valves and more pipes. Design of this system is easy.
This system also follows the grid iron system with the flow pattern similar in character to that of
dead end system.

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Advantages

1. In this system whole distribution system is interconnected hence water can reach from more
than one direction.

2. It provides better quality of water.

3. Lesser area is cutoff during the repair.

Disadvantages

1. The main disadvantage is that the system has a lot of valves to cutoff a small area in case
of accidental hazards.
2. The system is difficult to design.

LITERATURE REVIEW

Rohini P Onkare,SnehaRandhir, PoojaRamchandraRakshe ,


PriyankaSuryakanthWaghmare (Department of Electronics & Communication
Engineering), P.V.P.Institute of Technology in International Journal of Innovative
Research in Computer & Communication engineering(IJIRCCE) vol.5,Issue 3,March

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2017 have written a paper about a proposed system which features SCADA system to
control & monitor the water supply. To reduce the error caused by humans in earlier
days. Automation is developed by using PLC & SCADA. All the operations such as
monitoring of levels, pressure, flow is carried out by PLC which controls INFLOW &
OUT FLOW. The system basically focused on the water crisis in order to make water
distribution more efficient by reducing wastage of water & power.
Abhijeet Mancharkar, Rakesh Kulthe, Ishan Shewale (Department of electronics &
communication) SITRC, Mahiravni in International Journal of emerging technologies
and engineering(IJETE) vol.3,Issue 3,March 2016 have drafted a journal citing about an
automated system which uses PLC & SCADA for the monitoring & control which
overcomes the problems based on level, pressure, flow parameters and it also minimizes
human efforts for the same. SCADA system controls the whole process of detection of
fault in the system while PLC is used for the monitoring of level, leakage, flow.
T. Baranidharan(Associate professor), A. Chinnadurai , R.M.Gowri, J. Karthikeyan (UG
students, EIE,K.SRangasamy College of Technology) in International Journal of
Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IJEEE), vol.7,issue 1,jan-june 2015 has prepared a
paper on automated water distribution system used to distribute municipal water equally
to all street pipe line. The system consists of PLC and SCADA. PLC is used to control
the distribution of water. SCADA is used for the complete monitoring of the system.
Level sensors are used for the measurement of water level, flow sensor measures the flow
rate & solenoid valve is used to open and close the valve automatically.
Pratiksha Hattikatti , Savita Karwande , Poonam S. Rode, Mrunalini Bhandarkar ,UG
Student, Dept. of E&TC, PCCOE, Pune, Maharashtra, India 1,2,3 A.P. Dept. of E&TC,
PCCOE, Pune, Maharashtra, India .They have written a research paper on the topic PLC
Controlled Water Distribution System. The authors have discussed about water
distribution system in PCMC area and problems faced due to this system. So to overcome
this problem they have design a PLC based water distribution system which will help to
improve the performance of the system with less human efforts. In this system, they are
and it will consist of 8 -10-pressure loggers at various locations. All operations of ESR
will be carried out by PLC, which controls inflow and outflow.

Pooja Narkhede, Ajay Bholane, RiyazMirza, Prof. ParagJawale Electrical


Engineering(Electronics and power), PLITMS Buldana(India).They have drafted a

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research paper Water level monitoring by using PLC. They have discussed about a PLC
based automatic corporation water level monitoring & distribution system, which will
prevent the occurrence of stealing and leaking of water. In their project, they have used
Snider NG 16DL PLC, and the system is divided into three main modules- sensing,
decision-making and implementation. They have used four sensors to detect the
presence of water. The readings of the sensors are relevance by the PLC to take the
required decision and this decision is implemented by the PLC through a relay switch

Ejiofor Virginia Ebere (PhD), Oladipo Onaolapo Francisca (PhD) Lecturer, Department
of Computer Science NnamdiAzikiwe University Awka, Nigeria. They have designed a
research paper regarding Microcontroller based Automatic Water level control system
.The authors have given information about the water scarcity and the problems related to
it. To avoid this they have develop a control system using microcontroller which will
automate the process of water pumping in an overhead tank storage system which will
also the detect the water level.
J. Gaoa, S.Qia, W. Wub , A. Hana , C. Chena , T. Ruanc a Harbin Institute of Technology,
No. 73 Huanghe Rd, Harbin, 150090, P.R. China. They have written a research paper
Leakage control of multi-source water distribution system by optimal pump schedule.
This research paper is about the problems faced due to the leakage and pressure of water.
So they have developed a leakage control model using NSGA-II algorithm for solving
the optimization problem.
Aditya Raj Hemrajan, Bindal Patel, Asst. Prof. Shreeji Sheth, 2 Student, Electronics and
Communication Engineering, ITM Universe, Vadodara. They have written an article on
the topic Automatic Water Distribution System Using Arduino UNO. In this article,
the authors have told about the issues related to water in urban areas. t. they have solve
this issue by supplying water in a proper channelized manner using embedded technology
They have use microcontroller to regulate the quantity of water in regular interval of time
along with solenoid valve and GSM module to supply water and for wireless
communication.
Shaikh Mudassir Nadeem, Memon Adil Imtiyaz, Pranay Rajesh Patel, Syed Zeeshan
Ali, Prof. Vijayshri Losarwar BE Student, Asst. Professor, P.E.S. College of
Engineering, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India. The above authors have written a research

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paper regarding Smart City Water Supply Control System. They have developed a
demo model of PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) and SCADA (Supervisory
Control and Data Acquisition) for Smart city water supply control system which is going
to work remotely and manually using different components like motor, switches,
solenoid valve, sensors.
Nivetha M.Sundaresan S.,UG Scholar, Assistant professor, Dept. of ECE, IFET College
of Engineering, Villupuram, Tamilnadu. They have done a research paper on Automated
Drinking Water Distribution using Arduino. In this the authors have discussed about the
insufficiency and wastage of water by individual homes in locality. To overcome this
issue they have design a system consisting of flow sensor and water flow switch, which
is controlled by Arduino mega board and it, also consists of relay and valve.

Literature review mentioned above mainly uses PLC, controller & SCADA (At the industrial
level). From the conclusions drawn from these reviews, we are implementing our project on
basic level. Hence, we are using PLC, Controller as its main component. In Major project,
we will be implementing it on the industry level where SCADA will be included as well.

METHODOLOGY OF PROJECT

The proposed system of this project is used to monitor and control the distribution of water
in the city. This process is distributed across four levels .
The most important level is the main supply system where PLC will be used to control the
level of water where we will monitor the controlled flow of water supplied among the
different areas of the city.
PLC(Programmable logic controller) will be attached with receiver/transmitter which will
be further controlled by microcontroller and signal will be transmitted and received through
the antenna attached to receiver/transmitter(RX/TX).
Further comes the substation level where the water comes from the main supply system
and is distributed among different houses and colonies of the area.
Now the monitoring and supply is performed through the substation using main pipe .A
solenoidal valve is attached with the pipe which monitors the flow of water .If the water
flowing through the pipe is in excess amount than required it automatically cuts off the
supply.

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Microcontroller is attached at each substation for monitoring and control .Same approach
is followed here as well as that of main supply system. Microcontroller is further connected
to receiver/transmitter (RX/TX) which transmits and receives signals to main supply
system through antenna.
At the substation level, the amount of water supplied from the main station will be checked
with comparison to the amount of water sent by the main station with the help of controller.
Flow sensor along with the solenoid valve is used to monitor and control the flow of water
and quality.
Level sensor is used to determine the amount of water supplied within a water tan inside
the house which determines the flow of water in open channels supplied in houses.
In case of leakage/theft , we would easily identify it through the flow meter at each
locations and we will be able to identify the amount of water leakage or theft in any such
adverse case and the region from where such an adverse case has been occurring.

In minor 1 we will develop a prototype model in which water distribution system is done from
main supply system to substation level with the help of PLC as its main supply system. In minor
2 we will further develop a model in which the supply will be done from substation level to houses.

ANTENNA
MAIN SUPPLY MICROCON
SYSTEM PLC TROLLER
RX/TX

ANTENNA ANTENNA

SUBSTATION(
SUBSTATION(1) 2)
RX/TX RX/TX

MICROCONTR MICROCONTR
OLLER OLLER

Block Diagram for supply from main supply system to substation

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SUBSTATION

MICROCON
TROLLER

FLOW
SOLENOID
VALVE SENSOR
HOUSE
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF SUPPLY FROM SUBSTATION

TIMELINE CHART

TASK AUG 2017 SEPT OCT NOV DEC


2017 2017 2017 2017

Synopsis
submission and
presentation
Components
purchase &
Simulation
Hardware
development and
testing
Testing and report
submission

Final presentation

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TASK JAN FEB MARCH APRIL MAY
2017 2017 2017 2017 2017

Synopsis(2)
submission and
Presentation
Components
purchase &
simulation
Prototype
development &
testing
Testing and report
submission

Final presentation

REFERENCES:-

Pranitakulkarni, Mrs.M.S.Joshi IOT based water supply monitoring system Novateur


publications International journal of innovation in Engineering, Research and
technology(IJIERT)2015ICITDCEME15 conference proceedings .
T.Baranidharan(Associate professor), A.Chinnadurai , R.M.Gowri, J.Karthikeyan (UG
students,EIE,K.SRangasamy College of Technology) in International Journal of Electrical
and Electronics Engineers (IJEEE), vol.7,issue 1,jan-june 2015
Mr. Prashantpalkar , Prof. (Dr.) ShrinivasPatil, Prof. Mrs. PoojaBelagali, Mr.
AshishChougule, "AUTOMATION IN DRINKING WATER SUPPLY DISTRIBUTED
SYSTEM AND TESTING OF WATER" in IOSR Journal of Electronics &
Communication Engineering.

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Riasood, Manjitkaur, HemantLenka Design and development of automatic water flow
meter International journal of computer science, engineering and applications vol 3 June
2013.
J. Gaoa, S.Qia , W. Wub , A. Hana , C. Chena , T. Ruanc a Harbin Institute of Technology,
No. 73 Huanghe Rd, Harbin, 150090, P.R. China
S.M. Khaled Reza, Shah Ahsanuzzaman Md. Tariq, S.M. Mohsin Reza Microcontroller
based Automatic Water level Control System International Journal of Innovative
Research in Computer and Communication Engineering Vol. 1, Issue 6, August 2013.
Vinothini, N. Suganya Department of Pervasive Computing Technology, Kings
Automated water distribution and performance monitoring International Journal of
Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT) Volume 3, Issue 8, February 2014.
JayavardhanaGubbi,a Raj Kumar Buyya, SlavenMarusic, a MarimuthuPalaniswamia
Internet of Things (IoT): A Vision, Architectural Elements, and Future Directions.
J.P.SHRI THARANYAA1, A.JAGADEESAN , A.LAVANYA Theft identification and
automated water supply system using embedded technology International journal of
advanced research in electrical, electronics and instrumentation engineering vol.2, issue
8, August 2013.
J. Whittle, M. Allen, A. Preis and M. Iqbal Sensor networks for monitoring and control
of water distribution system The 6th International Conference on Structural Health
Monitoring of Intelligent Infrastructure Hong Kong 9--11 December 2013 Journal of
Wireless Mobile Networks, Ubiquitous Computing, and Dependable Applications.

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