1.

Refers to the extra air that can be inhaled beyond the normal tidal volume

A. Inspiratory reserve volume

B. Expiratory reserve volume
C. Functional residual capacity
D. Residual volume
Answer: A. Inspiratory reserve volume
Inspiratory reserve volume is the maximal amount of additional air that can be drawn
into the lungs by determined effort after normal inspiration. Average inspiratory reserve
volumes in healthy adults are 3.0 L in men and 1.9 L in women.

2. This is the amount of air remained in the lungs after a forceful expiration

A. Inspiratory reserve volume

B. Expiratory reserve volume
C. Functional residual capacity
D. Residual volume

Answer: D. Residual volume

Residual volume is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation.
Average residual volumes in healthy adults are 1.2 L in men and 1.1 L in women.

3. Casssandra, A 22 year old grade Agnostic, Asked you, how many spikes of bones
are there in my ribs? Your best response is which of the following?

A. We have 13 pairs of ribs Cassandra

B. We have 12 pairs of ribs Cassandra
C. Humans have 16 pairs of ribs, and that was noted by Vesalius in 1543
D. Humans have 8 pairs of ribs. 4 of which are floating
Answer: B. We have 12 pairs of ribs Cassandra
Humans have 24 ribs (12 pairs). The first seven sets of ribs, known as true ribs
(costae verae), are directly attached to the sternum through the costal cartilage. The
following five sets are known as false ribs (costae spuriae), three of these sharing a
common cartilaginous connection to the sternum, while the last two (eleventh and
twelfth ribs) are termed floating ribs (costae fluctuantes) or vertebral ribs.

4. Which of the following is considered as the main muscle of respiration?

A. Lungs
B. Intercostal Muscles
C. Diaphragm
D. Pectoralis major
Answer: C. Diaphragm
The main muscle of breathing is the diaphragm, therefore it gets its own page. The
muscles of inspiration elevate the ribs and sternum, and the muscles of expiration
depress them. The primary inspiratory muscles are the external intercostals and
thediaphragm.

5. Cassandra asked you : How many air is there in the oxygen and how many does
human requires? Which of the following is the best response :

A. God is good, Man requires 21% of oxygen and we have 21% available in our air
B. Man requires 16% of oxygen and we have 35% available in our air
C. Man requires 10% of oxygen and we have 50% available in our air
D. Human requires 21% of oxygen and we have 21% available in our air
Answer: D. Human requires 21% of oxygen and we have 21% available in our air
Air is a mixture of 21% oxygen, 78% nitrogen, and approximately 1% other trace gases,
primarily argon; to simplify calculations this last 1% is usually treated as if it were
nitrogen. The gas is essential for living, but only up to a point. Humans can only breathe
21 percent oxygen.

6. What Specific gravity lab result is compatible with a dehydrated client?

A. 1.007
B. 1.020
C. 1.039
D. 1.029

Answer: C. 1.039
Adults generally have a specific gravity in the range of 1.000 to 1.030. Increases in
specific gravity (hypersthenuria, i.e. increased concentration of solutes in the urine) may
be associated with dehydration, diarrhea, emesis, excessive sweating, urinary
tract/bladder infection, glucosuria, renal artery stenosis, hepatorenal syndrome,
decreased blood flow to the kidney (especially as a result of heart failure), and excess
of anti-diuretic hormone caused by Syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone. A
specific gravity greater than 1.035 is consistent with frank dehydration.

7. Which hematocrit value is expected in a dehydrated male client?

A. 67%
B. 50%
C. 36%
D. 45%

Answer: A. 67%
Higher than normal hematocrit levels represent abnormally elevated red blood cell
counts. High hematocrits can be seen in people living at high altitudes and in chronic
smokers. Dehydration produces a falsely high hematocrit that disappears when proper
fluid balance is restored. Some other infrequent causes of an elevated hematocrit are
lung disease, certain tumors, a disorder of the bone marrow known as polycythemia
rubra Vera, and abuse of the drug erythropoietin (Epogen) by athletes for blood doping
purposes.
8. Which of the following statement by a client with prolonged vomiting indicates the
initial onset of hypokalemia?
A. My arm feels so weak
B. I felt my heart beat just right now
C. My face muscle is twitching
D. Nurse, help! My legs are cramping
Answer: D. Nurse, help! My legs are cramping
The effects of low potassium include may cause the following symptoms: weakness,
tiredness, or cramping in arm or leg muscles, sometimes severe enough to cause
inability to move arms or legs due to weakness (much like a paralysis).

9. Which of the following is not an anti-emetic?

A. Marinol
B. Dramamine
C. Benadryl
D. Alevaire

Answer: D. Alevaire
Alevaire is a Mucolytic Agent.

10. Which is not a clear liquid diet?

A. Hard candy
B. Gelatin
C. Coffee with Coffee mate
D. Bouillon
Answer: C. Coffee with Coffee mate
A clear liquid diet consists of clear liquids such as water, broth and plain gelatin
that are easily digested and leave no undigested residue in your intestinal tract. A tea or
coffee without milk or cream is considered a clear liquid diet.