Adavisomanal and 30 Villages Jal NIrmal Project

Design of Slow sand filter

Adavisomanal & 30 Villages

As per CPHEEO manual clause the economical cost design of slow sand filter to be adopted

Total quantity of water per day to be treated 3600 Cum / day

Since slow sand filters work for 24 hrs a day the quantity to be filter per hour

= 3600 = 150 Cum / per hour

24

The rate of filtration for slow sand varies between 0.1 M to 0.2 M per hour. Since
sedimentation process followed by Raw water storage tank (3 hrs - storage) has been provided,
the rate of filtration in this can be adopted 0.150 M / hr.

Therefore, The area of slow sand filter = 150 = 1000 Sqm

bed requirement 0.150

As per CPHEEO manual 6 Nos of filter beds are to be provided.

As per economical cost design (page - 241)

l2 = 2A Where
n + 1 l = Length of wall
b = breadth of wall
b = (n + 1) l A = Total surface area of filter bed
2n n = Nos of filter beds

A = n l b

As surface works out Less than 1200 Sqm.

As per CPHEEO manual, number filter beds required is 5 But provide 8 Nos.

Therefore, A = 8 l x b

l 2
= 2 x 1000
8 + 1

l 2
= 2000 = 222.22222222
9
l = 14.90711985
Say = 15.00 M
Therefore, A = 8 x l x b

1000 = 8 x 15.00 x b
b = 1000
15 x 8
b = 8.3333333333
Say b = 8.5 M

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Therefore,Area provided is 15.00 x 8.5 m 8 No of Beds

Therefore, Each bed will have Length = 15 M
breadth = 8.5 M

Surface area of each bed = 127.5 Sqm

Total Surface area of 8 bed = 127.5 x 8 = 1020 > 1000 Sqm

Hence Ok
Cheak for Over loading
Let us assume 1 Filter bed is Washed at a time

Filteration capacity of each filter = 150 = 0.2 Cum /hr = .2 Cum /hr
15 X 8.5 x 7
Hence Ok

The schematic lay out of slow sand filter bed be as under

Design of Filter Bed

Let filter bed be as under with over all depth of filter bed = 2.70 mt

0.20mt Free board

1.0mt supernatant water

2.7
1.0mt Initial loading of filter Sand

0.40 mt Gravel

0.10 mt Under drain

Sand Spcification

Size of sand = 0.2- 0.3 mm

Uniformity co-eff = 5

Graval Spcificat = 5.0 layers (0.4 m)

Size of garval = 2.0 mm 40 mm

Size of garval i = 2.0 5 10 20 40

depth in mm = 80 80 80 80 80

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Design of under Drain

Area of each filter = 15.00 x 8.5 = 127.5 Sq Mts

ratio of area of perforation to area of filter = 0.15% to 0.3 %

Provide area of perforation = 0.15 / 100 x 127.5

= 0.19125 Sqm 1912.5 Sqcm

Ratio of total perforation to total C/S area of latral

for perforation of 12 mm = 2 to 1 % cross sectional area

Total Cross sectional area of latrals = 1.5 x 1913

= 2868.8 Sqcmt

Area of central manifold = 1.5 x 2868.75

= 4303.125 Sqcmt

Cross section of center manifold with depth of 100 cmt

therefore width of central manifold = 4303 Cm

Provide central manifold of 60 cmt depth ,75 cmt wide

Design of Lateral:-

Assuming 63 mm dia of PVC cmt latral

Now internal Dia of 63 mm dia PVC Pipe = 58.1 mm

No. of Laterals = Total Area of laterls

C/S Area of one Lateral

= 28.6875 = 110 Nos.

0.785x0.05812

Spacing of Laterals= 15 = 0.273 m

55 Say 250mm C/C

Length of Laterals on each side = Width of filter bed - Width of Manifold

= 8.5 - 0.75 = 3.875m

Which is Less Than 3.78(60x.063=3.78m) Hence Ok

Design of Orifice:-

Area of Orifice = 0.2 X 15 X 8.5

100

= 0.19125 Sqm

Adopting Spacing Of 18 cm C/C

Total Area of Orifice on each Laterals = 3.875 x 100

= 387.5 Cm

No. of Orifice = 0.1913 x 100 x 100 = 9 Nos.

110 x 2

Diameter of Orifice d= 0.19125 x 4 = 0.49 Cm

3.142

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Thus provide 9mm Orifice at 180 mm C/C

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Design Of Sedimentation tank

Total demand = 3600 Cum/Day
=
With 20 hrs pumping = 180 Cum/Day

Detention provide = 3 Hrs

Capacity Sedimentation Tank = 3X 180 = 540 Cum

If two units provided

capacity of each unit 540

= = 270 Cum
2

270
with average water depth in tank as 3.0 mts, Surface area of tank = = 90 Sqm
3

Length to Width ratio is 1 : 3 = 3B2 = 90 Sqm

B = 5.48
Say 5.5 M
L = 3 x 5.50 = 16.5Mts
So, Provide 16.5 Mts X 5.5 Mts of each unit Total Area Provided = 90.75 Sqm > 90 Sqm Ok
Total area provided = 2 (16.5 x 5.5 x 3.0) = 544.5cum > 540 Cum Hence, OK

16.5 Mts

Unit 1
5.5 Mts

Unit 2 5.5 Mts

16.5 Mts

3600
Check for Surface loading = = 19.840 Cum/Sqm/Day < 36 Cum/Sqm/Day
90.75 x 2.0
Hence Ok

Overall Depth of each Unit with 3.0 mts standing water depth (SWD) = 3 + 0.3 0 (FB) + 0.3 (Sluddge) +
= 3.6 Mts

Inlet And out let Weir

Inlet weir (Influent channel with bottom openings )

keeping velocity of water in channel = 0.3 m/sec

and keeping width of channel as = 0.3 m

For discharge of 180 Cum/hr i.e. = 0.05 Cum/sec

Depth of channel in each unit 0.05 = 0.28 Mts

= 1/2 x
0.3 x 0.3 Say 30 cmt
With FB of 20 cmt , total depth of weir be = 50 cmt

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The cross section of Influent channel = 0.3x 0.3 m

Check for weir loading Length of wier in eah unit = 5.5 Mts
Flow per unit per day = 3600 /2 = 180 Cum /hr
Therefore weir loading = 1800/ 5.5 = 327.27 cum / mt /day Between 100 -300 cum /mt / day
As it ismore 300Cum/m/ day Let us incrseth length of weir to 6.5 m
Now The Modified dimension for the Sedimentation Tank is
Length of Sedimentation Tank = Area of C/s 90 13.846
= =
Breadth 6.5
Say 14 M
Check for weir loading Length of wier in eah unit = 6.5m
Flow per unit per day = 3600 /2 = 180 Cum/hr
Therefore weir loading = 1800/ 6.5 = 276.93 cum / mt /day Between 100 -300 cum /mt / day
Hence Ok
3600
Check for Surface loading = = 19.780 Cum/Sqm/Day < 36 Cum/Sqm/Day
91 x 2.0
Hence Ok
Thus the Final Dimension Are = 2 Sets 14 m x 6.5m
14.0 Mts

6.5 Mts

6.5 Mts

14.0 Mts
Bottom floor slope 1 : 12
For Sludge removal, let is divide the Box Slab in each tank into 2 halves longitudinally and slope be provided
in word to make into to two hopper of 30 x 30 m in the center and sludge removed by by sludge pipe. To economies
construction cost, let the tanks be constructed back to back longitudinally to ensure equal flow into sedimentation tank a
distribution box with rectangular weir and flush type inlet valve to each tank.

For uniform dispersal of flow of water provide perforated baffle wall in front of inlet pipe at 1.2 M away
from the wall.

Hydraulic Design of baffle wall

Flow in each Tank = 180 Cum/hr = 0.05 Cum/Sec

Velocity of Flow of flow of water for dispersal = 0.15 /Sec

Area of opening required in baffle wall = 0.15 = 0.333 Sqm

3 0.15
Opening below baffle wall for movement of sludge and water, provided 45
cm considering sludge deposit of 25 cm before flushed one.
Therefore opening available below for flow of water (45-25)_ 20 Cm

The baffle wall is supported over 20 x 20 Cm columns 3 Nos.

Hence length of opening available = 6.25 - (0.2x3)

= 5.65 M
Area of opening available = 5.65 x 0.2 = 1.13 Sqm.

Hence bottom opening adequate.

But to make proper dispersal at higher level

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Let us provide 15 x 15 Cm Square opening in the wall as under.

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Design of Pipe from Raw Water Sump To Distribution Box

No. of Filter Beds= 8 Nos
Qty of water to be Treated= 150 Cum/Hr
Qty of water to be Treated by pipe= 150 Cum/Hr
= 0.04167 Cum/Sec
Assuming the Velocity of flow In the pipe as= 0.5 M/sec
Dia of pipe= 0.04167 x 4
0.5 x 3.142
= 0.3257
Provide 250 mm Dia CI Pipe
Now, Velocity in pipe V=Q/A
V= 0.04167
0.785 X 0.25 X 0.25
= 0.85 M/sec
Hence Ok
Calculation Of Head Losses in pipe:
Length of pipe= 30 m
Hazen Willam Constant= 100
Area of Cross Section in pipe A= 3.142 X 250 X 250 = 49094 mm2
4
Wetted perimeter = 3.142 x 250 = 785.5 mm
Hydraulic Mean Radius r = 62.5 mm = 0.0625 m
Now, Accroding to Hazen Willams Formula V= Q/A=0.854XCX r.63xS0.54 0.63 0.54
0.85 = 0.854 x 100 x 0.0625 x S
S = 0.00498 m/m
Frictional Losses= 0.164 m
Out let RL at Raw water Sump= 595.2 M
inlet RL at Distribution Chamber= 595.036 M

Design Of interconnecting From Distribution tank(Inlet Equidistrbution Retangular Weir) For Slow sand Filters
Since Separate pipes Are Tobe Give From Distribution Tank to SSF
Dischage In each Filter= 0.00521 Cum/Sec
Assuming the Velocity of flow In the pipe as= 0.5 M/sec
Dia of pipe= 0.00521 x 4
0.5 x 3.142
= 0.1152
Provide 100 mm Dia CI Pipe
Now, Velocity in pipe V=Q/A
V= 0.00521
0.785 X 0.1 X 0.1
= 0.66
Hence Ok
Calculation Of Head Losses in pipe:
For SSF 1,SSF 4 on either side
Length of pipe= 30 m
Hazen Willam Constant= 100
Area of Cross Section in pipe A= 3.142 X 100 X 100 = 7855 mm2
4
Wetted perimeter = 3.142 x 100 = 314.2 mm
Hydraulic Mean Radius r = 25 mm = 0.025 m
Now, Accroding to Hazen Willams Formula V= Q/A=0.854XCX r.63xS0.54 0.63 0.54
0.66 = 0.854 x 100 x 0.025 x S
S = 0.00498 m/m
Frictional Losses= 0.16434 m
Out let RL at Distribution Box= 595.03 M
inlet RL at Distribution Chamber= 594.86566 M

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For SSF 2,SSF 3 on either side

Length of pipe= 15 m
Hazen Willam Constant= 100
Area of Cross Section in pipe A= 3.142 X 100 X 100 = 7855 mm2
4
Wetted perimeter = 3.142 x 100 = 314.2 mm
Hydraulic Mean Radius r = 25 mm = 0.025 m
Now, Accroding to Hazen Willams Formula V= Q/A=0.854XCX r .63
xS 0.54
0.63 0.54
M = 0.854 x 100 x 0.025 x S
S = 0.00498 m/m
Frictional Losses= 0.08217 m
Out let RL at Distribution Box= 595.03 M
inlet RL at Distribution Chamber= 594.948 M

Design Of interconnecting From Slow sand Filters Out let to Rure Water Sump
One of Slow Sand Filter = 8 Nos.
Qty of water to be Treated= 143.75 Cum/Hr
Qty of water to be Treated by each pipe= 17.9688 Cum/Hr
= 0.00499 Cum/Sec
a. From SSF 1 to Junction SSF2
Since pipes Are inter connceted from SSF 1 to SSF2
Discharge in pipe = 0.0049913 Cum/Sec
Assuming the Velocity of flow In the pipe as= 0.5 M/sec
Dia of pipe= 0.00499 x 4
0.5 x 3.142
= 0.1127
Provide 100 mm Dia CI Pipe
Now, Velocity in pipe V=Q/A
V= 0.00499
0.785 X 0.1 X 0.1
= 0.636 M/sec
Hence Ok
Calculation Of Head Losses in pipe:

Length of pipe= 15 m
Hazen Willam Constant= 100
Area of Cross Section in pipe A= 3.142 X 100 X 100 = 7855 mm2
4
Wetted perimeter = 3.142 x 100 = 314.2 mm
Hydraulic Mean Radius r = 25 mm = 0.025 m
Now, Accroding to Hazen Willams Formula V= Q/A=0.854XCX r xS
.63 0.54
0.63 0.54
0.64 = 0.854 x 100 x 0.025 x S
S = 0.00498 m/m
Frictional Losses= 0.08217 m
Out let RL at Slow Sand Filter = 593.88 M
RL at Outlet of SSF 2 = 593.798 M

b. From SSF 2 to Junction SSF3

Since pipes Are inter connceted from SSF 2to SSF3
Discharge in pipe = 0.0099826 Cum/Sec
Assuming the Velocity of flow In the pipe as= 0.5 M/sec
Dia of pipe= 0.00998 x 4
0.5 x 3.142
= 0.1594

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Provide 150 mm Dia CI Pipe

Now, Velocity in pipe V=Q/A
V= 0.00998
0.785 X 0.15 X 0.15
= 0.565 M/sec
Hence Ok
Calculation Of Head Losses in pipe:

Length of pipe= 15 m
Hazen Willam Constant= 100
Area of Cross Section in pipe A= 3.142 X 150 X 150 = 17674 mm2
4
Wetted perimeter = 3.142 x 150 = 471.3 mm
Hydraulic Mean Radius r = 37.5 mm = 0.0375 m
Now, Accroding to Hazen Willams Formula V= Q/A=0.854XCX r xS
.63 0.54
0.63 0.54
0.57 = 0.854 x 100 x 0.0375 x S
S = 0.00498 m/m
Frictional Losses= 0.08217 m
RL at Outlet of SSF 2 = 593.798 M
RL at Outlet of SSF 3= 593.716 M

c. From SSF 3 to Junction SSF4

Since pipes Are inter connceted from SSF3 to SSF4
Discharge in pipe = 0.014974 Cum/Sec
Assuming the Velocity of flow In the pipe as= 0.5 M/sec
Dia of pipe= 0.01497 x 4
0.5 x 3.142
= 0.1953
Provide 150 mm Dia CI Pipe
Now, Velocity in pipe V=Q/A
V= 0.01497
0.785 X 0.15 X 0.15
= 0.848 M/sec
Hence Ok
Calculation Of Head Losses in pipe:

Length of pipe= 30 m
Hazen Willam Constant= 100
Area of Cross Section in pipe A= 3.142 X 150 X 150 = 17674 mm2
4
Wetted perimeter = 3.142 x 150 = 471.3 mm
Hydraulic Mean Radius r = 37.5 mm = 0.0375 m
Now, Accroding to Hazen Willams Formula V= Q/A=0.854XCX r xS
.63 0.54
0.63 0.54
0.85 = 0.854 x 100 x 0.0375 x S
S = 0.00498 m/m
Frictional Losses= 0.16434 m
Out let RL at Raw water Sump= 593.716 M
inlet RL at Distribution Chamber= 593.551 M

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d. From SSF 4 to pure Water Sump

Since pipes Are inter connceted from SSF3 to SSF4
Discharge in pipe = 0.0199653 Cum/Sec
Assuming the Velocity of flow In the pipe as= 0.5 M/sec
Dia of pipe= 0.01997 x 4
0.5 x 3.142
= 0.2255
Provide 200 mm Dia CI Pipe
Now, Velocity in pipe V=Q/A
V= 0.01997
0.785 X 0.2 X 0.2
= 0.636 M/sec
Hence Ok
Calculation Of Head Losses in pipe:

Length of pipe= 30 m
Hazen Willam Constant= 100
Area of Cross Section in pipe A= 3.142 X 200 X 200 = 31420 mm2
4
Wetted perimeter = 3.142 x 200 = 628.4 mm
Hydraulic Mean Radius r = 50 mm = 0.05 m
Now, Accroding to Hazen Willams Formula V= Q/A=0.854XCX r xS
.63 0.54
0.63 0.54
0.64 = 0.854 x 100 x 0.05 x S
S = 0.00498 m/m
Frictional Losses= 0.16434 m
RL at Outlet of SSF 3 = 593.551 M
RL at inlet Level of Sump = 593.387 M

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