Unit-III: Leadership & Motivation

Concept and styles, Trait and situational theory

of Leadership, Approaches to leadership

Techniques of Motivation, Maslows hierarchy

of needs theory, Herzbergs two factor theory
 Leadership : Definition
Leadership is defined as the art or process
of influencing people to strive willingly
towards the achievement of group goals.
It is an important aspect of managing.
A manager should be an effective leader
Leadership requires followership. (People tend to
follow those whom they see as providing a
means of achieving their own desires & needs).
 Leadership

Leadership is a process by which a person

influences others to accomplish an objective
and directs the organization in a way that
makes it more cohesive and coherent
A process whereby an individual influences a
group of individuals to achieve a common goal
Leaders carry out this process by applying
their leadership knowledge and skills
 Ingredients of Leadership
Ability to use power effectively & in a
responsible manner
Ability to inspire & fundamental
understanding of people
Ability to comprehend that human beings
have different motivating forces
 Characteristics of Leadership
Personal Quality
Leadership depends upon doing
It is a continuous process
Followers
It is an influencing & inspiring process
Common goals
Pervasive function
 Importance of Leadership
Determination of goals
Guides and inspires
Boosts morale
Creates confidence
Develops team spirit
Facilitates change
Resolves conflict
Contribute to effective management
 Principle of Leadership
Since people tend to follow those
who offer them a means of satisfying
their personal goals, the more
managers understand what
motivates their subordinates and the
more they reflect this understanding
in their actions, the more effective
they are likely to be as leaders.
 Leadership Styles
Autocratic Leadership.
Democratic Leadership.
Strategic Leadership Style.
Transactional Leadership.
Transformational Leadership.
Team Leadership.
Cross-Cultural Leadership.
 Leadership Styles
Facilitative Leadership. ...
Laissez-faire Leadership.
Coaching Leadership.
Charismatic Leadership.
Visionary Leadership.
 Leadership Behavior & Styles
Leadership based on the use of authority

The Managerial Grid

Leadership involving a variety of styles, ranging from

a maximum to minimum use of power & influence
 Leadership Styles based on use of authority

The Autocratic leader commands and expects

compliance, is dogmatic & positive, leads by the
ability to with hold or give rewards & punishment.

The Democratic or Participative leader consults with

subordinates on proposed actions and decisions and
encourages participation from them.

The free-rein leader uses his or her power very little,

giving subordinates a high degree of independence.
 Trait Theory of leadership

Physical Traits (energy, appearance, height etc.)

Intelligence and Ability Traits (IQ, efficiency)
Personality Traits (adaptability, aggressiveness,
enthusiasm, self confidence etc.)
Task Related(achievementdrive,persistence,initiative,etc.)
Social(co-operativenss, admin.ability,interpersonal skills)
(Not all leaders possess all the traits. Trait approach gives no
guidance as to how much of any trait a person should have)
 Approaches to Leadership

Charismatic Leadership Approach

Situational or Contingency Approaches to
Leadership
Transactional Approaches to Leadership
Transformational Approaches to Leadership
Situational or Contingency Approaches to
Leadership
Leadership involves a variety of styles, ranging from
highly boss-oriented to highly subordinate centered.
The appropriate Leadership style depends on the
leader, the followers and the situation.
People become leaders not only because of their
personality attributes but also because of various
situational factors and the interactions between the
leaders and group members.
People tend to follow those whom they perceive as
offering them a means of accomplishing their desires
 Charismatic leadership Approach

Charismatic leaders may have certain

characteristics such as being self
confident, having strong convictions,
being able to initiate a change,
articulating a vision, communicating
high expectations, demonstrating
enthusiasm & excitement.
 Transactional Leadership

Transactional Leaders identify what subordinates

need to do achieve objectives, clarify orgn.
roles and tasks, set up an organization
structure, reward performance and provide for
the social needs of the followers.
 Transformational Leadership
Transformational Leaders articulate a vision,
inspire and motivate followers and create a
climate favorable for organizational change.
Companies should have programmes to
promote transformational leadership designed
to transform their organizations quickly to
respond to the rapid changes in environment.
 Management vs Leadership

They have a great deal in common, such as working with

people and accomplishing the goals of the organization, they
do differ in their primary functions

Management'smain function is to produce order and

consistency through processes, such as planning, organizing,
staffing, directing, controlling & problem solving

Leadership'smain function is to produce movement

and constructive or adaptive change through
processes, such as establishing direction through
visioning, aligning people, motivating, and inspiring.
 Concepts of Leadership
Goodleaders are made, not born.
If you have the desire and willpower,
you can become an effective leader.
Goodleaders develop through a
never ending process ofself-study,
education, training, and experience
 Principles of Leadership

Know yourself and seek self-improvement. Seeking self-improvement

means continually strengthening your attributes. This can be accomplished
through self-study, formal classes, reflection, and interacting with others.

Be technically proficient- As a leader, you must know your job and have a
solid familiarity with your employees' tasks.

Seek responsibility and take responsibility for your actions -

Search for ways to guide your organization to new heights.
When things go wrong, do not blame others. Analyze the
situation, take corrective action, and move on to the next
challenge.
 Principles of Leadership

Make sound and timely decisions- Use good

problem solving, decision making & planning tools.
Set the example- Be a good role model for your
employees. They must not only hear what they are
expected to do, but also see.We must become
the change we want to see.- Mahatma Gandhi
Know your people and look out for their well-
being- Know human nature and the importance of
sincerely caring for your workers.
 Principles of Leadership

Keep your workers informed- Know how to

communicate with not only them, but also seniors and
other key people.
Develop a sense of responsibility in your workers - Help
to develop good character traits that will help them carry
out their professional responsibilities.
Ensure that tasks are understood, supervised, and
accomplished- Communication is the key to this
responsibility.
Train as a team
Use the full capabilities of your organization- By
developing a team spirit, you will be able to employ your
organization, dept, section, etc. to its fullest capabilities.
 The Process of Great Leadership

The road to great leadership that is common to successful leaders include

Challenge the process- First, find a process that you
believe needs to be improved the most.
Inspire a shared vision- Share your vision in words
that can be understood by your followers.
Enable others to act- Give them the tools and
methods to solve the problem.
Model the way- When the process gets tough, get
your hands into it. A boss tells others what to do; a
leader shows that it can be done and how.
Encourage the heart- Share the glory with your
followers' hearts, while keeping the pains with you.