ATA 28 Fuel

MAINTENANCE TRAINING NOTES
T1 42 & 72 PEC-MPC (PWC 120) ref 72-

212A Ver 1.5
ATA 28 FUEL
Date of issue 25/04/08
This publication will not be updated on a regular basis.
ATA 28 General description Page 2/ 107
General description
The ATR Fuel system is composed of the following systems :

a storage system : 2 tanks, one in each wing, with its associated ventilation system,
a distribution system with 2 engine feed systems and a refuel/defuel system,
an indicating system (fuel quantity indicating and fuel tank temperature).
V2801 Copyright 2001-2008 - ATR Training Centre - All right reserved For Training Only ACOS v1.4
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Each wing is composed of :

a feeder tank,
a main tank,
a vent-surge tank,
a venting system.
The fuel is stored in two tanks, one in each wing, formed as an integral part of the wing structure. The maximum fuel capacity per tank is 3185 liters (2500
kg / 5512 lbs for a fuel density of 0,785). The total volume is 6370 liters (5000 kg / 11025 lbs).
Each tank has its own venting system which connects it to a vent-surge tank in all flight configurations.
The wing centre box structure, located above the fuselage, contains the fuel cross-feed and tank refuelling lines.
Any fuel leakage from these lines accumulates in the wing centre box, to prevent this, the wing centre box is vented and drained.
In normal conditions, each engine is supplied from its associated wing tank.
The outboard 100 liters vent-surge tank is not a fuel storage tank but is an integral part of the fuel ventilation system. The vent-surge tank serves as a
reservoir for main tank overflow due to fuel thermal expansion.
The main tank stores the remaining fuel and supplies the feeder tank through the feeder pump action or gravity flow.
The inboard 160 kg (353 Lbs) feeder tank normally supplies the respective engine and contains most of the pumps and control valves. The feeder tank is
always full and protects the engine feed system against negative or lateral load factors.
An electrical pump and an engine feed jet pump are installed. The engine feed jet pump is activated by HP fuel from the engine H.M.U. and is controlled
by a motive flow valve.
The LP S/O valve is located between the tank outlet and the corresponding engine. It's controlled by its associated fire handle.
A cross feed valve controlled by the "X FEED" pb, located on the cockpit fuel panel, allows both engines to be fed by one fuel tank, or one engine to be
fed by both tanks.
When the cross feed valve is opened, a blue "FUEL X FEED" light illuminates on MEMO panel. The valve position is indicated by a green horizontal flow
bar on the cockpit fuel control panel and the electrical pumps are automatically activated.
Each system is equipped with a pressure drop protection.
Six probes are installed in each tank and electrically connected to the cockpit fuel quantity indicator.
Fuel indicating system also comprises :
a fuel tank temperature probe located in the LH feeder tank which sends information to the cockpit fuel tank temperature indicator,
four magnetic fuel quantity indicators (dipsticks).
ATA 28 Cockpit panel location Page 9/ 107
Cockpit panel location
ATA 28 Interfaces Page 10/ 107
Interfaces
ATA 28 Features Page 11/ 107
Features
ATA 28 Safety and precautions Page 15/ 107
Safety and precautions
ATA 28 Fuel storage description Page 22/ 107
Fuel storage description
Fuel is stored in two integral wing tanks formed by the wing spar box between ribs 4 and 23. The centre section spar box located above the fuselage does
not store fuel. Each tank has a capacity of 2,500 kg (5,510 Lbs), for a kerosene density of 0.785, taking into account the thermal expansion volume.
Each ATR fuel tanks are composed of :
a feeder tank : capacity = 160 kg (353 Lbs),
a main wing tank which stores the remaining fuel,
a vent-surge tank : capacity = 100 liters (does not store fuel).
The wing upper surface panel is comprised of two sections for each half wing from rib 0 to rib 13 and from rib 13 to rib 24. It can be removed for inspection
and internal repair. Rib 13, located at the wing break, constitutes an anti-surge baffle.
Both tanks are vented in all flight configurations :
by a vent line routed from rib 5 to rib 23 and provided with a rubber drain,
by a float valve located in the outer wing section.
These two outlets are connected to a vent-surge tank located outboard of the fuel tank between ribs 23 and 24.
MPD Scheduled Check: Particular attention to the Detailed Inspection of the fuel tank (JIC 28-10-00 DVI 10005/10010) for general condition and
installation of all the components within the fuel tanks. That inspection must be conducted by specially trained personnel and dedicated tools.
S2806 Copyright 2001-2008 - ATR Training Centre - All right reserved For Training Only ACOS v1.4
Fuel is stored in two integral wing tanks formed by the wing spar box between ribs 4 and 22. The centre section spar box located above the fuselage does
not store fuel. Each tank has a capacity of 2,250 kg (4,960 Lbs), for a kerosene density of 0.785, taking into account the thermal expansion volume.
Each ATR fuel tanks are composed of :
a feeder tank : capacity = 160 kg (353 Lbs),
a main wing tank which stores the remaining fuel,
a vent-surge tank : capacity = 100 liters (does not store fuel).
The wing upper surface panel is comprised of two sections for each half wing from rib 0 to rib 13 and from rib 13 to rib 23. It can be removed for inspection
and internal repair. Rib 13, located at the wing break, constitutes an anti-surge baffle.
Both tanks are vented in all flight configurations :
by a vent line routed from rib 5 to rib 22 and provided with a rubber drain,
by a float valve located in the outer wing section.
These two outlets are connected to a vent-surge tank located outboard of the fuel tank between ribs 22 and 23.
MPD Scheduled Check: Particular attention to the Detailed Inspection of the fuel tank (JIC 28-10-00 DVI 10005/10010) for general condition and
installation of all the components within the fuel tanks. That inspection must be conducted by specially trained personnel and dedicated tools.
ATA 28 Fuel tanks description Page 26/ 107
Fuel tanks description
The wing lower surface panel is designed so that any water collects beneath the fuel in the lowest parts of the tanks. This water is then drained away
through manually operated water drains. Three self-closing water drains per tanks are installed.
They ensure drainage of water from tanks at any aircraft attitude between 3. A water drain is installed at the lowest point of the vent surge tank in order
to evacuate water which could freeze up to siphon level in icing condition and thus prevents tank venting failure.
Three access doors are located on the upper surface at either end of each tank and allow access to essential equipment without removing the upper
surface panel :
one door is located between rib 4 and 5 (feeder tank access),
another door is between rib 22 and 23 and is fitted with a gravity refuelling port,
the door located above the wing centre box compartment (between rib 1 and 2) is the cross feed system access.
CDCCL Item: Particular attention when opening and closing the wing box access doors (JIC 570000 OAC 10000), where all necessary precautions for
performing work in fuel tanks must be taken by specially trained personnel. CDCCL Item: Particular attention during remove/installation of wing access
doors, for the check of conductivity (JIC 05-51-16 CHK 10010).
Gravity refuelling operation is performed through two overwing gravity filling ports installed on the wing upper surface panel access door between rib 22
and 23.
Each gravity refuelling port includes a support attached to the structure, a cap and a filter. The cap is equipped with a locking device which is flush with the
wing upper surface. A ground connection installed near the cap, provides electrical continuity between the refuelling cap and the aircraft structure.
ATA 28 Fuel ventilation description Page 30/ 107
Fuel ventilation description
CDCCL Item: Bonding of pipes within the fuel tanks is part of the design protection against electrostatic discharge. More than one bonding lead missing,
damage or untightened on each pipe inside the fuel tanks can introduce unsafe condition.
Both tanks are vented in all flight configuration and on ground by a vent line and a float valve connected to a vent surge tank.
The vent line is vented through a NACA intake installed on the wing lower surface. The vent surge tank can contain 5 times vent line volume. It has a
capacity of approximately 100 liters.
The vent surge tank recovers fuel from the vent line, caused by thermal expansion of the fuel. Fuel is recovered by siphoning.
The wing centre box has its own venting system. This system serves to evacuate any vapor and fuel due to leaks in the lines routed through the centre
compartment.
Air ventilation is supplied from the left side of the fuselage to wing fairings through a scoop. It is ducted into the wing centre box at front spar level.
Two air vent ports are located at the lowest points of the wing centre box exhaust outside of the karmans, on either side of the fuselage. They also serve
for draining.
The system is designed to renew the volume of air in the wing centre box every three minutes.
The NACA intake enables a slight overpressure of 0,3 PSI (20 mb), to be applied in the tank during the flight.
The rubber drain allows fuel and water trapped in the vent line to drain back into the tank.
A water drain installed in the lower point of the surge tank allows to avoid the accumulation of water wich in icing condition could freeze up to the vent line
syphon level and prevent the tank to be vented.
The float valve allows direct tank ventilation through the vent surge tank. It closes during roll back, or fuel tank full, to prevent fuel entering the vent surge
tank.
ATA 28 Fuel engine feed distribution description Page 34/ 107
Fuel engine feed distribution description
ATA 28 Fuel engine feed distribution description Page 35/ 107
Fuel is fed to each engine from a corresponding tank by means of a system installed in a feeder tank between ribs 4 and 5.
The feeder tank has a capacity of approximately 160 kg (353 lbs). System controls and indicators are displayed on the fuel panel located on the overhead
panel in the flight compartment.
The fuel system is composed of :
an electrical pump,
a feeder jet pump,
an engine feed jet pump,
a motive flow valve,
two relief valves,
a low pressure shut-off valve,
a cross feed valve,
a low pressure switch,
an electrical auto control pressure switch.
ATA 28 Fuel engine feed distribution operation Page 36/ 107
Fuel engine feed distribution operation
ATA 28 Fuel engine feed distribution operation Page 37/ 107
The aircraft is energized and both engines are not running. FEED LO PR ambert light are illuminated because fuel feed pressure, detected by LP pressure
switch, is < 4 PSI.
Both fuel engine electric pumps push buttons are pressed IN and green RUN lights illuminate. The 28 VDC electric pumps are energized and begin to
supply fuel to engines. At the same time, the feeder jet pump is activated by the electric pump output pressure. Feeder tank pump is designed to maintain
feeder tank full by collecting fuel from main tank with feeder jump suction pipe.
At this step, the engine feed jet pump is not supplied, the motive flow valve and X-feed valve are closed. The LP shut off valve is open. The fuel flow rate
delivered at engine starting in 450 l/h for a pressure of 5,5 PSI (380 mb). FEED LO PR extinguishes.
After engine starting, driving flow for the engine feed jet pump is supplied through a return line from HMU. In presence of return pressure, the motive flow
valve installed on the fuel engine HP return line, opens in order to supply the engine feed jet pump. The engine feed jet pump begins to operate by driving
fuel from the feeder tank. At the same time, it supplies the feeder jet pump.
When pressure supplied by the engine feed jet pump reaches 8.5 PSI, the pressure switch 17 (18) QA installed on the engine jet pump outlet de-
energizes the electric pump after 30 s time delay.
The fuel flow supplied by the feeder jet pump is suficient to maintain the feeder tank full in all configurations. If the feeder jet pump fails, the feeder tank is
connected to the main tank through flap valves (installed at the bottom of rib 5) which allows fuel to flow from the tank to the feeder tank. (monitoring of the
feeder tank fuel level is provided by a dedicated probe)
When a feeder tank not full is detected, the system :
energized the MFC bite loaded,
illuminates the amber fuel warning light on the CHP,
causes the amber Master caution light to flash,
send an audible, single chime,
automatically energized the correspnding electrical pump.
In the event of engine feed jet pump failure, the pressure switch 17 (18) QT provides electric pump running control which ensures fuel supply to the
engine. The electric pump delivers the necessary flow rate for engine consumption. In case of engine Fire, when corresponding engine fire handle is
pulled, it closes associated LP shut off valve.
Cross feed valve could be used to supply an engine from the opposite tank. With the X feed valve push button pressed IN, the valve opens, green flow bar
is horizontal. Both electrical pump are energized.
By selecting OFF the corresponding PUMP push button, the electric pump is de- energized and the motive flow valve is supplied to close. The engine is
fed through the opposite tank.
ATA 28 Electrical pump description Page 38/ 107
Electrical pump description
A 28 VDC electric pump is installed in each feeder tank between ribs 4 and 5.
Access is gained through an access door located on the upper wing surface panel between ribs 4 and 5. The 28 VDC electric pump installed in a canister
supplies fuel to the engine during starting.
It also serves to supply an engine when an engine jet pump failure occurs.
The check valve located on the canister outlet avoids any fuel leakage when removing the electric pump.
The canister equipped with a self sealing system is a self-contained explosive type. It is installed on the tank lower surface. It allows the electric pump to
be removed without emptying the fuel feeder tank.
The flow rate delivered at engine starting is 450 liters / hour at a pressure of 5.5 PSI (380 mb).
On cockpit fuel panel, RUN and OFF push button lights indicate electrical pump configuration.
CDCCL Item: The pump has been covered by extensive testing that demonstrated the compliance of the fuel pump with requirements of the Fuel Tank
Safety Regulations. Any deviation to the approved pump configuration can lead to questioning of the test results and therefore can potentially introduce an
unsafe condition.
ATA 28 Feeder jet pump description Page 42/ 107
Feeder jet pump description
ATA 28 Feeder jet pump description Page 43/ 107
The feeder tank pump is installed on the semi-sealed rib 5. Operated by fuel from the engine feed system, the jet pump maintains the feeder tank with
fuel, throughout the flight, by drawing the fuel from beyond rib 5.
The inlet flow rate creates a depression at the venturi inlet. This depression induces a fuel flow rate at jet pump suction, allowing the feeder tank to be full
in all flight configurations.
Access to the jet pumps is through the feeder door located on the upper surface panel between ribs 4 and 5.
In the event of a jet pump failure, the feeder tank is connected with the tank through flap valves installed at the bottom of rib 5. Flap valves allow the fuel to
flow from the main tank to the feeder tank.
ATA 28 Feeder jet pump operation Page 44/ 107
Feeder jet pump operation
The LO LVL lights illuminates, and CCAS is activated if the feeder tank is not full. This permits to detect a failure of the feeder jet pump, but also maintain a
low level detection in case of wrong information coming from the FQI. And on the MFC Maintenance Panel, bite loaded is activated.
ATA 28 Feeder jet pump operation Page 45/ 107
ATA 28 Engine feed jet pump description Page 46/ 107
Engine feed jet pump description
ATA 28 Engine feed jet pump description Page 47/ 107
The engine feed jet pump delivers fuel to the engine after starting. Driving fuel flow is supplied through a return line from the hydromechanical unit (HMU).
The jet pump outlet is equipped with a check valve. In normal operation, the engine jet pump supplies fuel to the engine throughout the flight envelope
certified for the A/C.
In the event of a failure of the opposite engine feed system, the other engine's feed jet pump is able to supply both engines during all flight phases (other
than take-off).
Pressure at the engine feed jet pump outlet, for the previous flow rates should be greater than, or equal to, 12 PSI (840 mb) to ensure correct engine fuel
supply.
The fuel inlet flow rate from the engine creates a depression at the engine feed jet pump venturi inlet. It induces a fuel suction at the jet pump inlet.
ATA 28 Motive flow valve description Page 48/ 107
Motive flow valve description
ATA 28 Motive flow valve description Page 49/ 107
The motive flow valve is installed on the wing forward spar, on the engine feed high pressure return line. Access is gained through the wing leading edge.
The motive flow valve is located near the LP shut-off valve and controls supply to the engine feed jet pump. It is open when the valve solenoid is not
energized and with fuel pressure.
It closes if there is no fuel pressure or with the solenoid energized.
It is controlled by the pump push button switch located on the fuel panel (25 VU), on the cockpit overhead panel.
CAUTION : To install or remove the motive flow valve, the tanks must be partially empty and the fuel electrical circuit de-energized.
ATA 28 Relief valve description Page 50/ 107
Relief valve description
ATA 28 Relief valve description Page 51/ 107
A vapor relief valve is located at the high point directly above each electrical pump.
It allows any air in the line to be expelled. This valve is airtight when the line is pressurized.
A thermal relief valve is installed on the fuel line.
It allows the fuel to escape directly into the tank in the event of overpressure.
When the motive flow valve is closed, the thermal relief valve also allows fuel trapped between the motive flow valve and the engine to run to the fuel tank.
ATA 28 LP shutoff valve description Page 52/ 107
LP shutoff valve description
ATA 28 LP shutoff valve description Page 53/ 107
The LP fuel shut-off valve comprises a dual motor spherical- plug. This valve is located between the tank outlet and the associated engine.
Valve operation is controlled by the corresponding engine fire handle located on the overhead panel in the flight compartment.
Valve position is displayed on the fuel panel. the LP valve is fitted on the wing front spar between ribs 11 and 12 at engine level.
The line between the LP valve and the fire wall is reinforced and drained to avoid fuel leaks reaching hot parts of the engine.
ATA 28 Cross feed valve description Page 54/ 107
Cross feed valve description
ATA 28 Cross feed valve description Page 55/ 107
The left and right feed systems are interconnected by a cross feed line including a single motor electric valve.
The cross feed valve is installed on the fuel line inside the wing center box section.
Access is gained through an access door on the wing center box upper surface. Supplied with 28 VDC, cross feed valve control and indication are located
on the fuel section of panel 25VU on the flight compartment overhead panel.
ATA 28 LP pressure switches description Page 56/ 107
LP pressure switches description
ATA 28 LP pressure switches description Page 57/ 107
The fuel Low Pressure (LP) switch is installed downstream the Low Pressure valve.
The fuel LP switch detects pressure drops in the corresponding engine feed system.
When the LP switch detects a low pressure (P<4 PSI) :
the FEED LO PR amber caution light illuminates on the fuel panel,
the FUEL caution amber light illuminates on the C.A.P.,
the MASTER CAUTION amber light flashes and is followed by a single chime.
Note : It is not necessary to drain the tanks for LP switch removal and installation (switch fitted downstream of the LP valve).
ATA 28 Electric pump auto control pressure switch description Page 58/ 107
Electric pump auto control pressure switch description
ATA 28 Electric pump auto control pressure switch description Page 59/ 107
In the event of a jet pump failure, it provides electric pump running control to ensure fuel supply to the engine.
The pressure switch de-energizes the electric pump after engine starting, when the pressure supplied by the engine feed jet pump reaches 8,5 PSI + 30 s
delay.
The electric pump auto-control pressure switch (17QA ENG1 and 18QA ENG2), is installed on the wing leading edge, between ribs 4 and 5, on the
engine feed jet pump outlet.
CAUTION : It is necessary to partially drain the tanks to install or remove the electric pump auto-control pressure switch.
ATA 28 Fuel indicating system description Page 60/ 107
Fuel indicating system description
ATA 28 Fuel indicating system description Page 61/ 107
Six probes are installed in each tank and electrically connected to the cockpit and refuelling panel fuel quantity indicators.
On july 1996, a Boeing 747 was involved in an in flight break-up after take-off due to a short circuit in the center wing fuel tank. The FAA issue a Special
Federal Aviation Requirement (SFAR) n88 effective since of june 2001. This SFAR requests that operators implement the maintenance tasks in their
maintenance program. Fuse adapters are installed on connector (located on the wing spar) wired to fuel tank components (on probe 15QT / 16QT, 3QL,
12QU / 11QU).
One high level sensor is fitted in each fuel tank in the vent surge tank.
Fuel quantity indicating: the fuel tank capacity measurement system is such that the figures appear in terms of weight. Both independant fuel quantity
indicating channels (one per tank) transmit the fuel information to a dual indicator located on the cockpit central panel and refuel / defuel panel.
LO LVL lights illuminates and CCAS are also activated in case of FEEDER TANK NOT FULL detection by 15QT (16QT) probe. The corresponding
electrical pump is automatically activated. LO LVL lights illuminates and CCAS is activated to indicate that the fuel quantity lower than 160 Kg (353 LB) is
detected on the corresponding fuel quantity indicator. The corresponding electrical pump is automatically activated.
Test push-button: the test push-button checks both measurement channels. If the system operates correctly the display shows 8888 code. "LO LVL"
amber lights illuminate and the CCAS is activated.
To control refuel / defuel operations, a refueling panel is located on the forward RH landing gear fairing. Fuel tanker connects the refuel / defuel line to the
fuel coupling located on the RH rear landing gear fairing.
Magnetic fuel quantity indicators : Magnetic indicators located on the lower surface of each wing are used to manually determine the fuel quantity when
the respective electronic indicating system is inoperative.
Fuel tank temperature indicator : A temperature measuring device is installed in the LH feeder tank. The temperature is displayed on the Fuel panel.
Note : all digits on fuel quantity indicators may be tested by placing the ANN LT switch on the overhead panel to the test position.
ATA 28 Fuel indicating system operation Page 62/ 107
Fuel indicating system operation
ATA 28 Fuel indicating system operation Page 63/ 107
The summing of the fuel quantity in a tank is performed by connecting the six probes in parallel.
Six electrical harnesses installed inside the tank, connect the probes to the bulkhead connectors to junction box fuel probes.
CDCCL Item: Particular attention during remove/installation of Fuel quantity Probes (JIC 28-42-72 RAI 10000), High Level Sensors (JIC 28-25-73 RAI
10000) and Harness (JIC 28-42-72 RAI 10010), to methodology and guidelines for securing harnesses on probes and sensors. It is important to notice
that no deviation to the approval design of harnesses and probes is permitted.
The dual indicator in the flight compartment includes two amplifiers which process electrical signals from the probes. The two channels, supplied with 28
VDC, are completely isolated. They use temperature information coming from the 15 (16QT) probes located in the feeder tank.
Fuel quantity indicator is located in the flight compartment and a repeater is fitted in the refueling/defueling panel installed in the RH main landing gear
fairing.
Probes 15 (16QT) give two signals :
One information give a compensation capacitance signal for FQI.
One information give a low level signal for MFC. If the FEEDER TANK is not full 10 mn after fuel electrical pump energisation, the MFC send a signal
to FQI (LO LVL lights illuminated) and memorise it (Bite loaded magnectic indicator on RH maintenance panel).
The repeater is supplied through the ground handling bus (access door open) to allow refuel/defuel operation without energizing A/C network.
To protect against short circuit on wiring external to the fuel tank, fuse adapters are installed on connector (located on the wing spar) wired to fuel tank
components (on probe 15QT(16QT)), 3QL, 12QU(11QU)).
MPD Scheduled Check: A resistance check of the fuses within the adapters (JIC 28-42-72 FUT 10005) permits to verify the drift of the fuses resistance
characteristic overtime. A change in caliber gauge of a fuse can modify the level of protection and the current intensity entering the fuel tank in case of an
external short circuit.
In addition current limiters are installed on high level sensor lines (12QU; 11QU), to avoid arcking at the internal contactor level, when high level is
detected.
Note: These current limiters are not installed on 15QT and 16QT low level sensors, as they are supplied and limited in current by MFCS.
ATA 28 Indicator probes (15QT and 16QT) description Page 64/ 107
Indicator probes (15QT and 16QT) description
The quantity indicating system provides information about the mass quantity of fuel available in each tank throughout the flight.
The fuel mass is measured by capacity probes installed in each tank.
15 and 16 QT probes are attached to the feeder tank upper surface wall between ribs 4 and 5.
15 and 16 QT probes are fitted with a feed failure detector for feeder tank boosting. A capacitance and a low level system allow a failure signal to be sent
to corresponding alert systems. If the fuel pump is selected during 10 mn, and if the fuel feeder tank not full after 15 sec, the electric pump is energized
through FQI, and MFC BITE loaded is activated on RH Maintenance Panel.
A temperature sensor is also installed on 15 and 16 QT probes. It is used to transmit fuel temperature information to the fuel quantity indicators to convert
fuel volume into weight.
Probes can be removed without emptying the fuel tanks.
Probes access doors are located on the upper surface panel. The summing of the fuel quantity in a tank is performed by connecting probes in parallel.
Electrical harnesses installed inside the tank, connect the probes to the bulkhead connectors. Any change in fuel quantity results in a change in probe
immersion and in a consequent change in probe capacitance. The quantity is read on the fuel quantity indicator which indicates the fuel mass in each
tank.
Indicator probes (151QT and 152QT) description
The fuel mass is measured by capacity probes installed in each tank.

151 and 152 QT probes are attached to the tank upper surface wall between ribs 9 and 10.
151 and 152 QT probes are fitted with a fuel float type high level sensor.
They can be removed without emptying the fuel tanks.
Probe access doors are located on the upper surface panel.
The summing of fuel quantity in a tank is performed by connecting probes in parallel.
ATA 28 Indicator probes (17QT+others) description Page 70/ 107
Indicator probes (17QT+others) description
Probes are attached to the tank upper surface wall between ribs 4 and 5, ribs 5 and 6, ribs 9 and 10, ribs 14 and 15 and ribs 20 and 21. Probes can be
removed without emptying the fuel tanks.
Probes are attached to the tank upper surface wall between ribs 4 and 5, ribs 5 and 6, ribs 9 and 10, ribs 14 and 15 and ribs 20 and 21. Probes can be
removed without emptying the fuel tanks.
ATA 28 Fuel quantity indicators description Page 74/ 107
Fuel quantity indicators description
The fuel quantity indicator indicates the mass of fuel in each tank. The indications are given in kg or lbs according to the aircraft version.
This indicator includes two amplifiers which process electrical signals from the tank. The two mesurement channels, supplied with 28VDC, are completely
isolated. The indicator channels include a low level detection system.
The low level detection is set at 160 kg (353 lbs) for each fuel tank. The low level detection is also activated in case of FEEDER TANK NOT FULL,
detected by 15QT (16QT). In the event of a LO LVL detection, the system :
illuminates the corresponding low level amber caution light on the indicator,
illuminates the amber FUEL warning light on the C.A.P.,
causes the amber MASTER CAUTION light to flash,
sends an audible, single chime,
automatically energizes the corresponding electrical pump.
The fuel quantity information is displayed in digital form on the dual fuel quantity indicator located on the flight compartment. The fuel quantity repeater is
located on the refuel/defuel panel. It displays fuel quantity when refuel/defuel panel access door is opened.
ATA 28 Fuel temperature sensor description Page 78/ 107
Fuel temperature sensor description
ATA 28 Fuel temperature sensor description Page 79/ 107
A fuel temperature sensor is located in the left feeder tank.

Fuel tank temperature is displayed on the indicator located in the flight compartment.
There is only one fuel temperature indicator.
ATA 28 Dipstiks and clinometer description Page 80/ 107
Dipstiks and clinometer description
Each tank is equipped with two manual magnetic indicators. Access to the indicators is gained from the wing lower surface. A dipstik is mounted between
rib 5 and 6 near the feeder tank.
The other one is mounted between rib 22 and 23 near the vent surge tank. By means of a graduated scale, the dipstik gives an indication of the residual
fuel quantitycontained in the tank.
When not being used for manual checks, the dipstick is locked in its raised position. A chart is used to convert cm into liters and units of weight (Kg or lbs)
as a function of A/C attitude and fuel density.
A clinometer located on the left rear landing gear fairing gives the A/C roll attitude in order to perform the corrections for limiting A/C attitude effects for
dipstik reading.
The dipstik comprises a gauge body with a mounting base. Inside the gauge body are :
an assembly consisting of a magnet and float, which defines the position on the scale during a level check,
a graduated scale,
a stop (or lock) which receives the control knob when the assembly is locked,
a control knob which, by simple rotation, releases the gratuated scale,
a stop ring, which holds the measurement and check assembly.
Locked position : the control knob is flush with the outer face of the gauge body and wing lower surface.
Unlocked position : by pressing and turning the control knob, the rod magnetically linked to the float, falls under its own weight. The fuel level is read in cm
on the section of the scale which protrudes from the wing lower surface.
ATA 28 Fuel and defuel distribution description Page 84/ 107
Fuel and defuel distribution description
The fuel/defuel system serves to :

refuel the tanks under pressure,
defuel the tanks by suction.
Controls and indicators associated with this system are located on the refueling panel installed on the right landing gear fairing.
ATA 28 Fuel and defuel distribution operation Page 85/ 107
Fuel and defuel distribution operation
The ground cable is connected to the A/C RH side. The ground connection is located on the RH main landing gear fairing.
Opening of the refueling panel door energizes electrical supply of the refuel / defuel system and the quantity indicating system from the ground handling
bus bar.
The coupling cap is removed and the refuel hose is connected.
Before starting the refueling operation, the FQI test must be performed. FQI test push button is pressed and the 8888 code is displayed on the fuel
quantity repeater indicator located on the refuel / defuel panel.
When the test push button is released, the FQI shows its previous display. To test high level and refueling valve indicator bulb lights, you have to press on
the light.
Make certain that the refuel / defuel valves switches are in "Norm" and guarded position.
Fuel quantity (LH + RH Fuel tanks) is selected on the fuel quantity preselector (3 000 kg). This selected fuel quantity will be the required fuel load for
dispatch.
Refuel position is selected on the refuel / defuel switch. Refueling starts when the pressure has been built up by the tanker and the refuel load is displayed
on the tanker indicator. It opens the refuel / defuel valves and the blue indicator lights illuminates. AUTOMATIC REFUELING IS IN PROGRESS ...
Each tank has a capacity of 2 500kg (5 500 lbs) (for a density of 0.785). A complete refueling (5 000 kg = 6 370 liters) takes about 20 minutes (maximum
inlet pressure = 50 PSI (3.5 bars)).
When the selected quantity is reached (3 000 kg), the fuel preselector sends an electrical signal via relays to close the refuel / defuel valves (normal
operation). Defuel / refuel valve position indicator blue lights extinguish.
In case of failure of the automatic valve closure, an high level signal is send by the fuel quantity indicator to close the valve when maximum fuel quantity is
reached (2 500 kg) (first safety device). If both the automatic valve closure and the first safety device are not working, high level sensor (second safety
device) will cut off the power supply to the refuel / defuel valves to avoid over fuelling.
The mode selector switch must be set to OFF after refuelling is complete.
The refueling duct between the valves and the coupling can be drained by gravity or by suction.
In the event of the drainage by suction, the refuel / defuel valves are closed and the surge valve switch is set to the OPEN position. The fuel is drawn back
to the tanker under a negative pressure of 11 PSI (0.77 bar).
Refueling and defueling operation can be done manually. For example, manual defueling operation is as follows.
The refuel / defuel valves are open for defueling operation by placing the refuel / defuel switch in the DEFUEL position and the refuel valves switches in
the OPEN position. The refuel / defuel valve indicator blue lights illumintate. The two safety devices are inhibited. MANUAL DEFUELING IS IN
PROGRESS ...
When the defueling operation is finished, the refuel / defuel switch is reset to the OFF position, and the refuel valves switches are reset to the NORM
position. The refuel / defuel valve indicator blue lights extinguish.
The refueling hose is disconnected from the refuel / defuel coupling and the refuel coupling cap is closed. The refueling panel access door is closed and
the ground panel cable is disconnected. REFUELING / DEFUELING SEQUENCE COMPLETED
ATA 28 Refuel and defuel valve description Page 88/ 107
Refuel and defuel valve description
Each 28VDC refuel/defuel valve is equipped with a metal ring located under the electrical connection. The element called manual override enables the
valves to be operated manually, in the event of an electrical control failure.
Two restrictors located at the valve outlet allow fuel flow in the circuits to be balanced for simultaneous filling of tanks. Fuel through the lines is admitted
into the tanks at the tank low points.
Diffusers are located at the end of the two filling lines to limit formation of foam and vapor.
The fuel/defuel assembly is installed in a dry bay which is drained.
A refuel/defuel coupling is installed in the rear part of the right main landing gear fairing. It is connected to the refuel/defuel valves.
This stainless steel duct has no coupling and is shrouded inside the fuselage. This duct is housed in a second duct to avoid cabin fuel leaks.
The area between two concentric pipes is ventilated by air, coming from the cabin and drained at the bottom of the landing gear fairing.
ATA 28 High level sensor description Page 92/ 107
High level sensor description
When the fuel reaches the maximum fuel quantity value, the high level sensors send an electrical signal to close the refueling valves.
The associated high level amber light illuminates on the refueling panel.
One high level sensor is installed on probe 12QU (11QU, for each RH and LH surge tank) which is located between ribs 23 and 24.
Access is gained from wing upper surface panel.
ATA 28 Gravity refuel cap description Page 94/ 107
Gravity refuel cap description
ATA 28 Gravity refuel cap description Page 95/ 107
Gravity refueling is performed through two overwing gravity filling ports installed on the wing upper surface between ribs 22 and 23. Each gravity filling port
includes a support attached to the structure and a filter.
The cap of the gravity filling port is equipped with a locking device which is flush with the wing upper surface.
A ground connection, installed near the cap, provides an electrical connection between the refueling cap and the aircraft structure. Roll A/C attitude can be
checked on a clinometer located on the main landing gear fairing.
ATA 28 Refueling electrical control panel Page 96/ 107
Refueling electrical control panel
The ground cable is connected to the aircraft RH side. The ground connection is located on the RH main landing gear fairing.
Opening of the refueling panel door energizes electrical supply of the refuel / defuel system and the quantity indicating system from the gnd / hldg XFR
bus bar.
The coupling cap is removed and the refuel hose is connected.
P1211 Copyright 2001-2008 - ATR Training Centre - All right reserved For Training Only ACOS v1.4
ATA 28 Refueling electrical control panel Page 97/ 107
Each 28 VDC refuel / defuel valve is equipped with a metal ring located under the electrical connection. The element called manual override enables the
valves to be operated manually, in the event of an electrical control failure.
The refuel / defuel assembly is installed in a dry bay which is drained so that any fuel leakage cannot run to the engine inside the leading edge. Access is
gained through an access door in the RH wing leading edge.
Two restrictors located at the valve outlet allow fuel flow in the circuits to be balanced for simultaneous filling of tanks. Fuel through the lines is admitted
into the tanks at the tank low points.
Diffusers are located at the end of the two filling lines to limit formation of foam and vapor.
P1211 Copyright 2001-2008 - ATR Training Centre - All right reserved For Training Only ACOS v1.4
High level sensor description
When the fuel reaches the maximum fuel quantity value and the refueling does not stop, the high level sensors, as a safety device, send an electrical
signal to close the refueling valves.
The associated high level amber light illuminates on the refueling panel.
Two float type high level sensors are installed:
on probe 152 QT (151 QT, for each RH and LH inner tank) which is located between ribs 9 and 10.
on probe 12 QU (11 QU, for each RH and LH outer tank) which is located between ribs 19 and 20.
Access is gained from wing upper surface panel.
ATA 28 Fuel panel Page 100/ 107
Fuel panel
ATA 28 Fuel panel Page 101/ 107
Have a look at the Fuel Panel. Location : Overhead panel.

<1> FEED LO PR Illuminates amber when fuel delivery is < 4 PSI in case of pump failure or fuel shortage.
<2> PUMP Control electrical pump power and motive flow valve solenoid. Runs automatically if :
Jet pump press < 8.5 PSI,
Or X feed in line,
Or fuel LO LVL (<160kg),
Or during quantity test,
Or feeder tank not full. Stops automatically 30 s after jet pump press > 8.5 PSI. RUN : Illuminates green when elect fuel pump is running. Each
electrical pump is able to supply one engine in the all flight envelope.
<3> LP VALVE Shows position of LP valve : IN LINE:OPEN X LINE:CLOSED
<4> X FEED Controls X feed valve : IN LINE:OPEN X LINE:CLOSED Activates both electrical pumps.
<5> FUEL TANK TEMP INDICATOR LH tank only. Range : -60C/0C
ATA 28 Refueling/defueling panel Page 102/ 107
Refueling/defueling panel
ATA 28 Refueling/defueling panel Page 103/ 107
Have a look at the Refueling Panel. Location: forward RH main landing gear fairing.
<1> FQI TEST Pressing the test button will check both measurement channels and, if working normally, display 8888 code on the FUEL QTY ind (on the
refueling panel as well as in the cockpit). It will also shut the refuel valves, simulating a maxi level in both tanks.
<2> MODE SELECTOR SWITCH Controls the operating mode for automatic fueling and the activation of refuel valves switches for manual operation.
OFF : Refuel valves are closed, switches are not activated. REFUEL : Refuel valves may be operated by auto refueling logic (refuel valves switches
on NORM) or manual refueling operation. DEFUEL : Refuel valves may be operated by manual defueling operation. With the mode selector in
DEFUEL position, and the refuel valves in OPEN position, all level protections are inhibited.
<3> HIGH LEVEL LIGHTS The light illuminates amber when an high level sensor is submerged (maximum refueling quantity reached). The corresponding
refuel valve closes automatically.
<4> REFUEL VALVES POSITION LIGHTS The lights illuminate blue when the refuel valve is opened. They extinguish during the fuel circuit test,
indicating the valves have closed.
<5> REFUEL VALVES SWITCHES Control the operation of the valves for each tank. They are kept at NORM position. NORM : Valves are controlled by
automatic fueling logic, depending on position of the mode selector switch and quantity preselection. Valves close automatically when high level is
detected. OPEN : Valves open when the mode selector switch is in the refuel or defuel position and the high level sensor is not submerged. SHUT :
Valves close regardless of the mode selector switch position.
<6> SURGE VALVE Provides air vent of the refuel line draining of this line OPEN : The surge valve opens. Mode selector switch must be in OFF position.
SHUT : The surge valve is closed.
<7> MAIN L/G LT This switch controls the main landing gear bay light.
<8> FUEL QTY INDICATOR The indicator has the same presentation as that used in the cockpit without test pushbutton.
<9> SELECTED QTY INDICATOR The quantity for automatic refueling is controlled by setting the preselector. The counter displays the preselected total
fuel quantity.
ATA 28 Functionnal test of high level sensors and auto closure of valves Page 104/ 107
Functionnal test of high level sensors and auto closure of valves
ATA 28 Functionnal test of high level sensors and auto closure of valves Page 105/ 107
Before performing functional test of high level sensor and auto closure of valves, fuel system safety requirements have to be applied.
First, the aircraft is energized (DC and AC constant frequency network).
Warning notice is installed in the flight compartment to prohibit energization of fuel system.
Refueling valve access panel and refuel/defuel panel door are open on RH main landing gear fairing.
Fuel tanker is positionned. Coupling and equipotential connection between the tanker and the aircraft are connected.
Check correct operation of high level sensors.
a.On refueling panel 5004VU :
place "refuel/defuel" switch in "refuel" position.
place "refueling/refuel valve/LH and R switches in "open" position. "refueling/valve LH/RH open" blue lights are illuminated. "high level/tank1
and tank2" amber lights are extinguished.
b.Refuel, per tank, above maximum value of 2500 (5510 lbs) or 3185 liters (for a density = 0,785) :
"high level/tank1 and tank2" amber lights are illuminated.
c.On fuel tanker indicator, pointer is set to zero.
d.On refueling panel 5004VU :

place "refuel/defuel" switch in "off" position.
place "refueling/refuel valve/LH and R switches in "norm" position.
refuel / defuel valves indicator blue lights extinguishes. refueling valves are closed.
The aircraft is de-energized (DC and AC constant frequency network).
Coupling and equipotential connection between the tanker and the aircraft are disconnected.
Refueling panel door is closed and fuel tanker is removed from working area.
Make certain that working area is clean and clear of tools and miscellaneous items of equipment. Remove "smoking prohibited" warning notices and
access platform.
Functional test of high level sensors and auto closure of valves has been performed successfully !
ATA 28 Summary Page 106/ 107
ATA 28 FUEL
General description 2
Cockpit panel location 9
Interfaces 10
Features 11
Safety and precautions 15
Fuel storage description 22
Fuel tanks description 26
Fuel ventilation description 30
Fuel engine feed distribution description 34
Fuel engine feed distribution operation 36
Electrical pump description 38
Feeder jet pump description 42
Feeder jet pump operation 44
Engine feed jet pump description 46
Motive flow valve description 48
Relief valve description 50
LP shutoff valve description 52
Cross feed valve description 54
LP pressure switches description 56
Electric pump auto control pressure switch description 58
Fuel indicating system description 60
Fuel indicating system operation 62
Indicator probes (15QT and 16QT) description 64
ATA 28 Summary Page 107/ 107
Indicator probes (151QT and 152QT) description 68
Indicator probes (17QT+others) description 70
Fuel quantity indicators description 74
Fuel temperature sensor description 78
Dipstiks and clinometer description 80
Fuel and defuel distribution description 84
Fuel and defuel distribution operation 85
Refuel and defuel valve description 88
High level sensor description 92
Gravity refuel cap description 94
Refueling electrical control panel 96
High level sensor description 98
Fuel panel 100
Refueling/defueling panel 102
Functionnal test of high level sensors and auto closure of valves 104

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MAINTENANCE TRAINING NOTES

T1 42 & 72 PEC-MPC (PWC 120) ref 72-

The ATR Fuel system is composed of the following systems :

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Each wing is composed of :

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The fuel mass is measured by capacity probes installed in each tank.

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A fuel temperature sensor is located in the left feeder tank.

The fuel/defuel system serves to :

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Have a look at the Fuel Panel. Location : Overhead panel.

<5> FUEL TANK TEMP INDICATOR LH tank only. Range : -60C/0C

d.On refueling panel 5004VU :

Cockpit panel location 9

Safety and precautions 15

Fuel storage description 22

Fuel tanks description 26

Fuel ventilation description 30

Fuel engine feed distribution description 34

Fuel engine feed distribution operation 36

Electrical pump description 38

Feeder jet pump description 42

Feeder jet pump operation 44

Engine feed jet pump description 46

Motive flow valve description 48

Relief valve description 50

LP shutoff valve description 52

Cross feed valve description 54

LP pressure switches description 56

Electric pump auto control pressure switch description 58

Fuel indicating system description 60

Fuel indicating system operation 62

Indicator probes (15QT and 16QT) description 64

Indicator probes (151QT and 152QT) description 68

Indicator probes (17QT+others) description 70

Fuel quantity indicators description 74

Fuel temperature sensor description 78

Dipstiks and clinometer description 80

Fuel and defuel distribution description 84

Fuel and defuel distribution operation 85

Refuel and defuel valve description 88

High level sensor description 92

Gravity refuel cap description 94

Refueling electrical control panel 96

High level sensor description 98

Fuel panel 100

Refueling/defueling panel 102

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