Emn Glossary en Version - 0 PDF

Asylum and Migration
Glossary 3.0
a tool for better comparability
produced by the European
Migration Network
October 2014
Home Affairs
European Migration Network
EUROPEAN COMMISSION
Asylum and Migration

Glossary 3.0
a tool for better comparability

produced by the European
Migration Network
October 2014
2014 European Migration Network

Disclaimer
This EMN Glossary has been developed by the European Migration Network (EMN). The European Commission and the EMN National
Contact Points, which collectively constitute the EMN, accept no responsibility or liability whatsoever with regard to the use made of
the information contained in this Glossary or of the content of the websites from which some terms are extracted.
Reproduction is authorised, except for commercial purposes, provided the source is acknowledged and the following text accompanies any reproduction: 'This EMN Glossary
has been developed by the European Migration Network (EMN). The European Commission and the National Contact Points, which collectively constitute the EMN,
acceptnoresponsibility or liability whatsoever with regard to the use made of the information contained in this Glossary or of the content of the websites from which some
terms are extracted.'
The European Migration Network serves to meet the information needs of European Union institutions and of Member States authorities and institutions by providing
up-to-date, objective, reliable and comparable information on asylum and migration, with a view to supporting policy-making in the European Union in these areas. TheEMN
also serves to provide the general public with such information. Further information on the EMN, including its other outputs, as well as this Glossary, may be obtained from
www.emn.europa.eu
Table of contents
Foreword 4
A tool for better comparability 5

1. Introduction 5
2. The European Migration Network 6
3. Method and approach followed fordeveloping the EMN Glossary 7
4. Format ofthe EMN Glossary 7
Glossary Terms 10
Indexes in:
English 315
French 322
German 326
Italian 330
Portuguese 334
Spanish 337
3
Foreword
Migration and asylum are complex and multifaceted policy fields. The opening of the EU to talented and highly skilled migrants to
meet EU labour demand, international protection for those in need, and to ensure safe borders against organised crime, trafficking
and smuggling in human beings and irregular migration have all taken on increased significance in recent years.
To ensure effective legislative and policy responses to this significant demands, legislators and policy-makers at EU and national
levels must have at their disposal up to date, reliable, factual information. The European Migration Network (EMN), coordinated by
the European Commission, and active in all Member States and Norway, plays a significant role as a reliable source of such
information across a wide range of contemporary topics. The EMN Glossary helps to facilitate coherent discussions across all of these
actors by presenting information on specific topics that is underpinned by a common vocabulary, allowing a better understanding and
comparability of migration and asylum phenomena, on the basis of a shared understanding.
The EMN Glossary, both as a publication and on-line has been very well received by legislators, policymakers and practitioners alike
across the EU. This third, revised edition contains almost 400 terms, with translations, taken principally from the EU acquis, of which
almost 100 are new and more than 120 have been received, reviewed and revised to improve their clarity and comparability.
A key priority for the coming years is to ensure coherent and effective implementation of existing instruments and to enhance
practical cooperation between EU Member States. In order to support this objective, the EMN is a key instrument to for collecting and
exchanging best practices on the implementation of the Home Affairs acquis. The Glossary version 3.0 will, without doubt, facilitate
this role, and represents a tangible and practical tool to help the EU to address immigration challenges.
This has been a significant achievement for the European Migration Network and I would like to personally extend my appreciation
to the members of the Glossary and Thesaurus Working Group who have steered the development of this Glossary Version 3.0,
andtoall the National Contact Points in the EMN for their support in verifying and validating the information presented.
Matthias Ruete
Director General for Migration and Home Affairs
ASYLUM AND MIGRATION GLOSSARY 3.0
4
A tool for better comparability
1. Introduction
The purpose ofthe European Migration Network (EMN) Glossary Each glossary entry iscomprised ofapreferred term 3, adefi-
ofterms relating toAsylum and Migration isinter alia toimprove nition ofthe concept that this term represents, the source ofthe
comparability between EUMember States through the use and definition, plus notes and relationships toother terms and con-
common understanding ofthe terms and definitions contained cepts included inthe Glossary. Inthis third version, many defini-
herein. The Glossary isintended toserve asauseful European tions and some preferred terms have thus been amended. Many
reference document for EMN National Contact Points (NCPs) notes have been updated and inmany cases elaborated
andtheir national network members, policy-makers and other toprovide up-to-date information, toclarify the scope ofthe
practitioners inthe Member States, aswell asEU institutions, concept (and its understanding indifferent contexts) and
inorder tofacilitate the exchange ofinformation. Itprovides toindicate web sources from which further information can
common terminology for the concepts included and thereby besought. Each glossary entry now illustrates many more rela-
facilitates aprecise discourse onasylum and migration matters, tionships between terms equivalence relations between syn-
including inthe media. onyms, hierarchical relations with terms representing broader
ornarrower terms and associative relations between related
The EMN Asylum and Migration Glossary 3.0 isan updated version terms, thus allowing users toeasily navigate between related
ofthe EMN Glossary that was first published inJanuary 2010 and entries. All the preferred terms, aswell assynonyms, acronyms
later updated inJanuary 2012. This third version contains almost and alternative ordering for the preferred term, can befound
100 new entries and over 120 major amendments toexisting inanindex atthe end ofthe Glossary. Abibliography ofsources
ones toreflect new terminology and expressions, aswell asevo- isprovided asan annex. The bibliography lists terms referenced in
lutions inthe usage ofexisting terms that have been introduced the source field as well as the notes and definitions.
through the new legislation and policy onasylum and migration
inthe EU. Itincludes new terms introduced through the recast The Glossary was developed bythe members ofthe EMN Glossary
asylum acquis 1, the EUStrategy towards the Eradication ofTraf- and Thesaurus Working Group. The EMN would therefore like
ficking inHuman Beings 20122016 2 and the terminology used toacknowledge the extensive efforts ofthe working group
inEMN studies that have been published since the EMN Glossary members and its appreciation for the permission given byother
2.0, amongst other key documents. entities, specifically the International Labour Organisation (ILO),
the International Organisation for Migration (IOM), the Organi-
sation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the
United Nations (UN) tothe use ofterms and definitions that they
had developed previously and which are duly referenced inthe
Glossary. Likewise, the EMN would like tothank representatives
ofthe EUs multilingual interinstitutional terminology database
Inter-Active Terminology for Europe (IATE) 4 for their technical
support inupdating theGlossary.
In the subsequent sections, abrief overview ofthe EMN isgiven,

followed byan outline ofthe methodology used todevelop the
Glossary and some guidance asto its presentation and usage.
3 According tothe ISO standard 25964 apreferred term

(descriptor) isaterm used torepresent aconcept. When two
ormore terms representing the same concept inthe same
language exist, one ofthem isdesignated apreferred term
under which the main entry inthe Glossary (with definition,
1 See DGHOME website for further details: www.emn.europa.eu source and notes) islisted; the other(s) are listed under the
same entry assynonyms and inthe index tothe Glossary.
2 www.ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/doc_centre/crime/docs/
trafficking_in_human_beings_eradication-2012_2016_en.pdf 4 www.iate.europa.eu
5
2. The European Migration Network toterms relating tointernational protection and refugees, and
legal migration, aswell asirregular migration and return.
The need toexchange information onall aspects ofmigration Inaddition, terms that are relevant toasylum and migration, which
had already been identified inthe initial development pertain tofundamental rights, integration, equality and cross-
ofacommon EUAsylum and Migration Policy 5. Toimprove the border movement, are also included.
exchange ofinformation between and within Member States
across the wide range ofasylum and migration policy develop- The Glossary includes entries for European institutions, organi-
ments, information must becomparable between the Member sations and processes which play akey role inthe European
States tothe greatest possible extent, and for this aconsistent migration policy, including bodies contributing tothe implemen-
use ofterms isrequired. tation ofthe Global Approach toMigration and Mobility i.e. the
external dimension ofthe EUs policy onasylum and migration
Council Decision 2008/381/EC of14 May 2008 6 established (e.g. Bali Process, Black Sea Synergy).
alegal base for the European Migration Network. The purpose
ofthe EMN isto meet the information needs ofUnion institu- Throughout the Glossary, wherever there isareference toaphe-
tions and ofMember States authorities and institutions bypro- nomenon (e.g. migration), there isalways areference tothe cor-
viding up-to-date, objective, reliable and comparable information responding person (e.g. migrant). Tolimit redundancy for some
onasylum and migration, with aview tosupporting policy- terms, preference has been given tothe term for either aperson
making inthe European Union inthese areas. The EMN also orthe process, depending onwhich term ismore commonly
serves toprovide the general public with such information. Itis used. For example, highly qualified migrant isaterm that
coordinated bythe European Commission, which isassisted ismore commonly used than highly qualified migration.
bytwo Service Providers, incooperation with the National
Contact Points (EMN NCPs) from each EUMember State 7 plus There are some terms inthe Glossary that have been added for
Norway. More information onthe EMN, including its structure, the sake ofcompleteness but which are nolonger considered
activities, reports and studies, may beobtained from its website tobe incurrent use, e.g. guest worker. Insuch instances, the
(www.emn.europa.eu). rationale ishighlighted inthe notes.
One ofthe main objectives ofthe EMN asoutlined inArticle 3.2. Processes followed for updating
2(1c) ofCouncil Decision 2008/381/EC isto improve the con- theGlossary
sistency and comparability ofinformation between Member
States. The development ofacomprehensive glossary that iden- The Glossary was developed bythe EMNs Glossary and The-
tifies and describes different concepts central toasylum and saurus Working Group, which includes representatives from EMN
migration policy inthe EUis one ofthe main activities under- National Contact Points (NCPs) and, insome cases, experts from
taken bythe EMN toachieve this objective. EMN NCP networks, aswell asarepresentative from the
European Commission and the EMN Service Provider. Other
experts from different European institutions, such asthe
3. Method and approach followed European Asylum Support Office (EASO), IATE and the European
fordeveloping the EMN Glossary Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA), also participated
onspecific issues.
3.1. Scope ofthe Glossary
The EMN Glossary reflects tothe greatest extent possible the
The EMN Glossary isamultilingual and multidisciplinary glossary most up-to-date developments inthe field ofasylum and
for terms that are important inthe field ofasylum and migration. migration, and the understanding ofterms and concepts. Inthis
Ithas afocus onlegal concepts deriving from the EUacquis, while way, the Glossary and Thesaurus Working Group aims tosupport
atthe same time acknowledging different understandings policy-makers atthe cusp ofdefining new concepts relevant
ofterms inamore global ornational context, orin different disci- tothe field. This published version ofthe Glossary isaccom-
plines (e.g. demography, sociology, economics). Emphasis isgiven panied byan online and interactive version that will beregularly
updated, and which isavailable via the EMN website. Readers
5 Tampere Council Conclusions, available from: are invited tosuggest new terms and/or definitions for the
www.europarl.europa.eu/summits/tam_en.htm Glossary, and tocomment onexisting ones, bycontacting the
6 Available at: EMN at: HOME-EMN@ec.europa.eu
www.eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32014R0516
7 Except Denmark.
6
3.3. Hierarchy ofsources for defining terms 3.4. Definitions
As existing definitions inthe field ofasylum and migration may Each EMN glossary definition has been formulated according
bevague, controversial orcontradictory, and asthere are, for tothe IATE standard, meaning that they can directly replace the
many terms, nouniversally accepted definitions, the Glossary term inany given text. For example, the term applicant for inter-
and Thesaurus Working Group established a hierarchy of sources national protection can bedirectly replaced inany text with its
from which definitions should be selected, with definitions given definition: third-country national orastateless person who has
in the EU acquis on asylum and immigration being prioritised made anapplication for international protection inrespect
above other definitions. ofwhich afinal decision has not yet been taken. Indue course,
the EMN glossary terms will also beincorporated into the
The hierarchy of sources of the definitions was, therefore as IATEdatabase.
follows:
Some terms are understood differently when they are used
1. EU directives/regulations/decisions and then any definitions inaglobal context, anEU context orspecific legal contexts (e.g.
given inEuropean Commission communications, particularly inthe context ofthe Schengen Convention orDublin Convention).
those with proposals for directives; Insuch cases, the context inwhich aterm should beunderstood
isindicated inthe definition.
2. other EUentities, including Eurostat, the European Agency for
the Management ofOperational Cooperation atthe External Bor- Terms which have aspecific linkage toasylum and migration
ders ofthe Member States ofthe European Union (FRONTEX), issues but which can beunderstood incontexts other than
the European Asylum Support Office (EASO), the European Union asylum and migration (e.g. access tohealthcare, school pupil,
Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA), the National Contact student, researcher) are defined specifically for the asylum and
Points onIntegration, EUROJUST and the European Police Office migration context. Terms that donot have anobvious link
(EUROPOL); toasylum and migration (e.g. child care, civil war, (environ-
mental) disaster, economic sector, education, language) have
3. European/international conventions, treaties and protocols been omitted from the Glossary.
(e.g. onsmuggling, trafficking and forced labour from the United
Nations, the Council ofEurope and the International Criminal As many definitions are derived from the EUacquis, they are,
Court); inmost cases, valid for all EUand often for all EEA Member
States and Switzerland. Where national definitions deviate from
4. glossaries developed byinternational bodies, such asthe ILO, that ofthe Glossary, this isindicated inthe notes.
IOM, OECD and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refu-
gees (UNHCR); 3.5. Preferred terms and synonyms
5. other relevant (EU) projects/entities (e.g. the European Union Where multiple interchangeable terms (synonyms) were
Observatory onDemocracy 8, THESIM 9). available for asingle concept, apreferred term was selected
and all the other possible terms (including quasi-synonyms and
Some ofthe existing definitions ofglossary entries have been acronyms) were listed assynonyms. Insome cases, the synonym
modified soas tobetter reflect the usage ofthe term inthe ismore common inan EUMember State than the preferred
context ofasylum and migration policy inthe EU; where this term e.g. deportation ismore commonly used than removal
isthe case, itis indicated inthe source that the definition inmany EUMember States, even though removal isthe term
isderived by the EMN. Likewise, some definitions had tobe used inEU legislation. Insuch cases, anexplanatory note has
developed bythe working group itself, asthey could not been added toclarify national specificities.
besourced from the references outlined above; insuch cases the
entry source indicates that the definition was developed by
theEMN.
8 www.eudo-citizenship.eu/databases/citizenship-glossary/glossary
9 Towards Harmonised European Statistics onInternational

Migration (THESIM) project website available onthe
websiteofthe Universit Catholique deLouvain (UCL):
www.uclouvain.be/en-7823.html
7
4. Format ofthe EMN Glossary 4.4. Source ofinformation ofnotes
The development ofthe Glossary also included agreeing Unless indicated tothe contrary, all text appearing inthe note
onacommon approach with regard tothe formatting ofthe has the same source asthe definition.
terms and definitions, asoutlined inthis Section.
4.5. Translations
4.1. Order ofterms
Whilst the Glossary has been developed inEnglish bythe multi-
The preferred terms are listed in(English) alphabetical order. lingual members ofthe working group, another aspect, men-
Where the term isan expression orcompound word (i.e. com- tioned previously, was the need for translations. One feature
prised ofmore than one word), the entry reflects the ordering ofthe EMN Glossary isto have translations ofthe terms into
ofthe term incommon usage e.g. economic migration other EUMember State languages plus Norwegian. Version 3.0
orapplicant for international protection. Inthe previous version contains translations ofterms into 22 ofthe EUs 24 lan-
ofthe Glossary, some terms were ordered insuch away that guages 11. The translations are, tothe greatest possible extent,
kept the same theme together inthe Glossary e.g. migration direct translations ofthe English term, orotherwise atranslation
(economic) and migration (forced). The entry for migration that better reflects the definition given.
(economic) inversion 2.0 can now befound under economic
migration inversion 3.0. Entries are accessible using the pre- For some terms, notranslation was available, either because the
vious alternative word ordering via the index atthe back English term has been borrowed into the language and ismore
ofthisGlossary. commonly used, orbecause the term isnot used inanational
context. Inthe case ofthe former (English term preferred), this
4.2. Nominal agreement and gender isindicated under the field for the translation asno usual trans-
neutrality inthe Glossary lation. Inthe latter case (where the term isnot used atall
inanational context), this isindicated byno translation.
Terms are listed inthe singular (not plural) and, tothe greatest
extent possible, both the terms and their definitions are gender Conversely, some terms have more than one translation
neutral. For consistency with the IATE database, the gen- available inthe national context, depending onwhether ref-
der-neutral plural pronouns they, them, their have been used erence was being made tonational law orthe EUacquis.
throughout, even when referring tothe singular. While some Inthese cases, more translations have been provided, with
EUlanguages employ agender system ofagreement for nouns anindication asto the context (national orEU) inwhich they are
(e.g. inGerman, Migrant for amale migrant and Migrantin for used. Incases where there are nosuch indications, but more
afemale migrant), for simplicity and for consistency with the than one translation isgiven (separated bya/), the translations
EMN Glossary version2.0 only one gender form ofsuch terms can beused synonymously.
(the most generic) isused for these entries.
The acronyms used inthe Glossary for the translations refer
4.3. Use ofISO standards for listing tothe Member State languages. EUMember States having the
EUMember States and EUlanguages same nominal language (e.g. AT/DE/LU, BE/FR/LU orBE/NL) are
grouped together under the language DE, FR and NL and any
All reference to EU and EEA Member States (and Switzerland) and national deviations from the translation provided are indicated
their languages, whether inthe definition, notes orsub-heading, between parentheses e.g. the term asylum seeker istranslated
uses abbreviations according tothe country codes ofthe ISO asAsylwerber inAustria (AT), Asylbewerber inGermany (DE) and
standard 3166-alpha 10. All other countries and languages are inthe context ofthe EUacquis, and inLuxembourg (LU), Asylan
mentioned infull. Itshould benoted that the ISO codes for lan- tragsteller. Acomma isused toseparate synonyms ofthe trans-
guages often differ from the countries inwhich they are spoken lation inthe same nominal language 12.
i.e. Sweden isSE whereas Swedish isSV, but both France and
French are abbreviated toFR.
11 All except for Croatian and Danish.
12 Note that when the Norwegian terms differ inthe two official
versions ofwritten Norwegian, the two terms have
10 www.iso.org/iso/country_codes.htm been given inthe following format ...(b) / (n).
8
When there isvariation between countries inthe translation 4.7. References toother terms
ofaterm (e.g. between AT, DEand LU), either the form used intheGlossary
inofficial language versions ofEU law isused orwhere the term
isnot found inthe EUacquis, the most used term ischosen (e.g. Where apreferred term existing and defined elsewhere inthe
used inAT and DE, but not inLU) toavoid there being multiple Glossary isused inaparticular definition orby anindicated (hier-
terms provided per language. archical orassociative) relationship (see 4.6 above), then this
term isindicated inbold the first time itis used inthe definition
4.6. Relationships between terms and inthe notes. For example, the definition for the term
long-term resident isgiven asA third-country national who
Most ofthe entries listed inthe Glossary list anumber ofterms has long-term resident status asprovided for under Articles 4
related tothe preferred term through anequivalence, hierar- to7 ofCouncil Directive 2003/109/EC; third-country national
chical orassociative relationship. isin bold asit isdefined elsewhere inthe Glossary.
An equivalence relationship isarelationship between two

terms that represent the same concept and which are there-
fore (virtually) interchangeable. Inthe Glossary, synonyms
have anequivalence relationship and are understood toalso
include terms that may represent aslightly different concept
(i.e. quasi-synonyms), aswell asacronyms and abbreviations.
All synonyms are listed inthe index.
A hierarchical relationship isarelationship between apair

ofconcepts inwhich one falls within the scope ofthe other
see broader term and narrower term. Abroader term indi-
cates the relationship between amore generic and amore
specific term. For example, economic migrant isabroader
term ofthe term labour migrant, which inturn isthe nar-
rower term.
An associative relationship isarelationship between apair

ofconcepts that are not related hierarchically but which
share astrong semantic orconceptual connection. Such
related terms are not related inahierarchical manner but
have anassociation, which may help users tounderstand
wider contexts and meanings ofthe terms inwhich they have
aninterest.
9
A BG
CS
DE
absconding

skrvn se
Untertauchen
Definition
Action bywhich aperson seeks toavoid legal proceedings bynot
remaining available tothe relevant authorities orto the court.
EL
ES fuga Source
ET krvalehoidumine
Derived byEMN from the definition ofrisk ofabsconding,
FI pakeneminen
Art.3(7) ofDirective 2008/115/EC (Return Directive)
FR fuite
GA al s.; alaitheach a.
Narrower term
HU megszkik
risk ofabsconding
IT fuga
LT pasislpimas
LV aizbgana
MT arba / rib / Kontumaja
NL onderduiken
PL ucieczka
PT fuga / evaso
RO sustragere
SK tek
SL pobeg
SV avvikande
NO unndragelse (b) / unndraging(n)
10
accelerated international protection procedure A
B
BG Definition
An expedited procedure toexamine anapplication for interna- C
CS zrychlen zen omezinrodn ochran tional protection which iseither already deemed manifestly
DE beschleunigtes Verfahren fr internationalen Schutz unfounded, which involves serious national security orpublic D
EL order concerns, orwhich isasubsequent application.
ES tramitacin deurgencia E
ET kiirendatud rahvusvahelise kaitse menetlus
Source
FI kansainvlist suojelua koskeva nopeutettu F
Derived byEMN from the Council ofEuropes Guidelines
menettely
onhuman rights protection inthe context ofaccelerated asylum
FR procdure acclre detraitement dune demande
deprotection internationale
procedures 2009 G
GA Ns Imeachta Luathaithe umChosaint Idirnisinta
HU gyorstott menedkkrelmi eljrs
Synonyms H
accelerated procedure for international protection
IT procedura accelerata diprotezione internazionale
LT paspartinta prieglobsio procedra
speedy asylum procedure I
speedy international protection procedure
LV patrinta starptautisks aizsardzbas pieiranas
procedra J
MT Proedura aellerata gall-protezzjoni Notes
internazzjonali 1.Asper the Committee ofMinisters ofthe Council K
NL versnelde asielprocedure ofEuropes guidelines onhuman rights protection inthe context
PL procedura przyspieszona wsprawie oudzielenie ofaccelerated asylum procedures of1July 2009, the procedure L
ochrony midzynarodowej derogates from normally applicable procedural timescales and /
PT or procedural guarantees with aview toexpediting deci- M
RO procedura accelerata sion-making. For more information see https://wcd.coe.int/
SK zrchlen postup posudzovania iadosti ViewDoc.jsp?id=1469829&Site=CM N
omedzinrodn ochranu
SL pospeen postopek zapridobitev statusa 2.Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Direc-
tive) recognises, inRecital 18ofthe Preamble and inArt.31(2)
O
mednarodne zaite
SV pskyndat prvningsfrfarande avanskan that itis inthe interest ofboth Member States and applicants
ominternationellt skydd for international protection for decisions tobe taken assoon
P
NO hurtigprosedyre for behandling avasylsknader (b) / aspossible. This Directive does not provide for minimum ormax-
hurtigprosedyre for handsaming avasylsknader(n) imum time limits for taking adecision onapplications for inter-
Q
national protection nor does itdefine the term accelerated
procedure. However, Art.31(2) does make clear that the speed R
ofthe asylum procedure may not prejudice an adequate and
complete examination ofthe asylum claim. S
3.Accelerated procedures must comply with the basic principles T

and guarantees laid down inChapter IIof Directive 2013/32/EU
and may beconducted only inlimited cases laid down U
inArt.31(8) ofthe Directive.
V
W
X
Y
Z
11
A BG
CS
DE
access to healthcare

pstup kezdravotn pi
Zugang zumedizinischer Versorgung
Synonyms
healthcare benefits
medical benefits
EL
ES acceso ala asistencia sanitaria Broader term
ET ligips tervishoiule social protection benefits
FI oikeus terveydenhuoltoon
FR accs aux soins desant
Notes
GA Rochtain arChram Slinte
1.In EUMember States, the scope ofhealthcare towhich
HU amigrnsok trsadalombiztostsi segszsggyi
athird-country national has access depends ontheir residence
elltsokhoz val hozzfrse
oremployment status. For further information see EMN:
IT accesso allassistenza sanitaria
Migrants access tosocial security and healthcare: policies
LT sveikatos prieiros paslaug prieinamumas
LV piekuve veselbas aprpei and practice, 2014.
MT Aess gas-servizzi tas-saa/ gall-kura sanitarja
NL toegang tot gezondheidszorg 2.According toCouncil Directive 2003/109/EC (Long Term
PL dostp doopieki zdrowotnej Residents Directive), long-term residents enjoy the same access
PT tohealthcare asnationals asdefined bynational law.
RO acces laingrijirea sanatatii / acces lasistemul
medical 3.Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive)
SK prstup kzdravotnej starostlivosti grants access toadequate healthcare, including treatment
SL dostop dozdravstvenega varstva ofmental disorders when needed, tobeneficiaries ofinterna-
SV tillgng till hlso- och sjukvrd tional protection under the same eligibility conditions asnation-
NO tilgang til helsetjenester (b) / tilgang til helsetenester(n) als ofthe Member State that has granted such protection.
4.Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception Conditions Direc-

tive) establishes minimum standards for access tohealthcare
Definition for applicants ofinternational protection during the asylum pro-
Healthcare entitlements enjoyed bythird-country nationals cedure. Asylum seekers are entitled toabasic treatment for
(migrants, applicants for international protection and refu- emergency care and essential treatment ofillnesses and ofseri-
gees) inEU Member States and intheir countries oforigin. ous mental disorder atno cost inmost countries. However, the
entitlement ofasylum seekers tohealthcare services depends
Source onnational legislation and varies among Member States. See for
Derived byEMN from Art.11ofCouncil Directive 2003/109/EC example, the EMN: Ad-Hoc Query onSystem ofmedical treat-
(Long Term Residents Directive) and Art.30ofDirective ment ofasylum seekers inMember States.
2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive)
5.Access tohealthcare can beakey factor inthe process
ofdecision-making onapplications for international protection.

Subsidiary protection may apply ifthe asylum-seeker contends
that areturn tothe country oforigin isimpossible for health
reasons, asthe return ofasick person which isoften connected
with the medical standards inthe country ofreturn could con-
stitute abreach ofArt.3ECHR. Thus case workers have totake
into account whether medical treatment isavailable inthe coun-
try oforigin and whether the available medical treatment would
also be(e.g. financially) accessible tothe concerned person upon
return. For further information see the description ofthe MedCOI
project inthe List ofprojects funded bythe European Refugee
Fund in2011.
12
accommodation centre A
B
BG Definition
CS pobytov stedisko A place used for the collective housing ofapplicants for inter- C
DE Aufnahmeeinrichtung national protection.
EL D
ES centro deacogida Source
ET majutuskeskus
Art.2(i) ofDirective 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception Conditions E
FI vastaanottokeskus
Directive)
FR centre dhbergement F
GA lrionad cirochta (gu & ai: lrionaid chirochta)
Broader term
HU befogad lloms
IT struttura alloggiativa (per richiedenti asilo)
reception facilities G
LT apgyvendinimo centras
LV izmitinanas centrs
Related term H
reception centre
MT entru ta akkomodazzjoni
NL opvangcentrum (syn: asielzoekerscentrum) I
PL orodek dla osb ubiegajcych si ostatus uchodcy Note
PT centro deacolhimento For more information oncategories ofreception facilities availa- J
RO centru decazare iproceduri ble inEU Member States, see EMN: The Organisation ofRecep-
SK pobytov tbor (national law) / ubytovacie zariadenie tion Facilities for Asylum Seekers indifferent Member States, K
SL nastanitveni center 2014.
SV frlggning L
NO asylmottak / mottakssenter
M
N
acculturation O
BG Definition
P
CS akulturace A series ofchanges incultural mores (ideas, words, values,
DE Akkulturation norms, behaviour, institutions) resulting from direct and contin-
Q
EL uous contact and interaction between groups ofdifferent cul-
ES aculturacin tures, particularly through migratory movements oreconomic R
ET kultuuriline kohanemine exchange, the media and other channels.
FI akkulturaatio, sopeutuminen vieraaseen kulttuuriin S
FR acculturation
Source
GA athchultr
Derived byEMN from IOM Glossary onMigration, 2nd ed., T
HU akkulturci
2011and IOM Glossary onMigration, 1st ed., 2004
IT acculturazione U
LT akultracija
LV akulturcija
Synonym
MT Akkulturazzjoni
inculturation V
NL acculturatie
PL akulturacja Narrower terms W
assimilation
PT
RO aculturalizare integration X
SK akulturcia
SL akulturacija Y
SV ackulturation
NO assimilasjon Z
13
A BG
CS
DE
acquisition of citizenship

nabyt sttnho obanstv
Erwerb der Staatsangehrigkeit / Staatsbrgerschaft
Definition
Any mode ofbecoming anational, i.e. bybirth orat any time
after birth, automatic ornon-automatic, based onattribution,
EL declaration, option orapplication.
ES adquisicin yatribucin denacionalidad
ET kodakondsuse omandamine / kodakondsuse saamine
Source
FI kansalaisuuden saaminen
EUDO Online Glossary onCitizenship and Nationality
FR acquisition dela citoyennet
GA saornacht afhil
Broader term
HU llampolgrsg megszerzse
citizenship
IT acquisizione dicittadinanza
LT pilietybs gijimas
LV pilsonbas iegana
Narrower term
naturalisation
MT Ksib ta ittadinanza
NL verkrijging van het staatsburgerschap
PL nabywanie obywatelstwa Related terms
ius sanguinis
PT aquisio denacionalidade
ius soli
RO obtinerea cetateniei / dobandirea cetateniei
SK nadobudnutie ttneho obianstva / zskanie
ttneho obianstva Notes
SL pridobitev dravljanstva 1.Art.3(d) ofRegulation (EC) No. 862/2007 (Migration Statis-
SV frvrv avmedborgarskap tics Regulation) refers orrelates tothe acquisition ofcitizenship
NO erverv avstatsborgerskap (b) / tothose persons having their usual residence inthe territory
ervervavstatsborgarskap(n) ofthe Member State and having acquired during the reference
year the citizenship ofthe Member State and having formerly
held the citizenship ofanother Member State orathird country
orhaving formerly been astateless person.
2.One ofthe possible ways ofacquiring citizenship isthrough

naturalisation, which refers more tothe decision / administra-
tive process bythe relevant authorities for the granting
ofnationality.
14
act of persecution A
B
BG Definition
CS akt pronsledovn In the global context, acts ofhuman rights abuses orother seri- C
DE Verfolgungshandlung ous harm, often, but not always, with asystematic orrepetitive
EL element. D
ES actos depersecucin In the EUcontext and within the meaning ofArt.1A ofthe
ET tagakiusamisakt Geneva Convention of1951, acts which are: E
FI vainoksi katsottavat teot
(a) sufficiently serious bytheir nature orrepetition asto consti-
FR actes deperscution F
tute asevere violation ofbasic human rights, inparticular the
GA gnomh garleanna (iolra: gnomhartha
rights from which derogation cannot bemade under Art.15(2)
garleanna)
HU ldz(tet)snek minsl cselekmnyek
ofthe European Convention onHuman Rights; or G
(b) anaccumulation ofvarious measures, including violation
IT atti dipersecuzione
LT persekiojimo veiksmas
ofhuman rights which issufficiently severe asto affect anindi- H
LV vajanas darbba vidual inasimilar manner asmentioned in(a).
MT Att ta persekuzzjoni I
NL daden van vervolging Source
PL przeladowanie Global context: UNHCR Master Glossary ofTerms J
PT actos deperseguio EU context: Art.9ofDirective 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification
RO act depersecutie Directive) K
SK in prenasledovania / akt prenasledovania
SL dejanje preganjanja Broader term L
SV frfljelse persecution
NO forflgelseshandlinger (b) / forflgingshandlingar(n) M
Related terms
actor ofpersecution N
group persecution
serious harm
O
Note
According toDirective 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification
P
Directive), acts ofpersecution can, inter alia, take the form of:
Q
(a) acts ofphysical ormental violence, including acts ofsexual
violence; R
(b) legal, administrative, police, and / or judicial measures which S

are inthemselves discriminatory orwhich are implemented
inadiscriminatory manner; T
(c) prosecution orpunishment which isdisproportionate U

ordiscriminatory;
V
(d) denial ofjudicial redress resulting inadisproportionate
ordiscriminatory punishment; W
(e) prosecution orpunishment for refusal toperform military X
service inaconflict, where performing military service would
include crimes oracts falling within the scope ofthe grounds for Y
exclusion asset out inArt.12(2);
Z
(f) acts ofagender-specific orchild-specific nature.
15
A BG
CS
DE
actor of persecution

pvodce pronsledovn
Akteur, von dem eine Verfolgung oder ein ernsthafter
Definition
Any person causing persecution, such as:
(a) the State;
Schaden ausgehen kann (b) parties ororganisations controlling the State orasubstantial
EL part ofthe territory ofthe State;
ES agentes depersecucin (c) non-State actors, ifit can bedemonstrated that the actors
ET tagakiusaja
mentioned in(a) and (b), including international organisations,
FI vainon harjoittajat
are unable orunwilling toprovide protection against persecution
FR acteur dela perscution
orserious harm asdefined inArt.7ofDirective 2011/95/EU
GA gnomha garleanna (iolra: gnomhaithe
(Qualification Directive).
garleanna)
HU ldz(tet)s forrsai / alanyai
IT responsabili dipersecuzione
Source
LT persekiojimo vykdytojas Derived byEMN from Art.6ofDirective 2011/95/EU (Recast
LV vajanas dalbnieks Qualification Directive)
MT Aent / Awtur tatt ta persekuzzjoni
NL daders van vervolging Broader term
persecution
PL przeladowca
PT agentes deperseguio
RO agent depersecutie Related terms
SK pvodca prenasledovania / aktr prenasledovania act ofpersecution
SL storilec preganjanja group persecution
SV aktrer som utvar frfljelse
NO aktrer som eransvarlig for forflgelse / aktrer som
utver forflgelse (b) / aktrar som eransvarlege for
forflging / aktrar som utver forflging(n)
actor of protection
BG Definition
CS no translation Any person (individual orlegal) providing effective and non-tempo-
DE Akteur, der Schutz bieten kann rary protection against persecution orserious harm i.e. the State
EL orparties ororganisations, including international organisations,
ES agentes deproteccin controlling the State orasubstantial part ofthe territory ofthe
ET kaitset tagav isik State provided they are willing and able tooffer protection.
FI suojelun tarjoajat
FR acteur dela protection Source

GA gnomha cosanta (iolra: gnomhaithe cosanta) Derived byEMN from Art.7ofDirective 2011/95/EC (Recast
HU a vdelem szerepli Qualification Directive)
IT soggetto che offre protezione
LT apsaugos teikjas Broader term
LV aizsardzbas dalbnieks protection
MT Aent tatt ta protezzjoni
NL actoren van bescherming
PL podmiot udzielajcy ochrony
PT agentes deproteco
RO agent deprotectie
SK aktri ochrany
SL akter nudenja zaite
SV aktrer som ger skydd
NO aktrer som gir beskyttelse (b) /
aktrarsomgjevvern(n)
16
adaptation A
B
BG Definition
CS adaptace Process ofmodifying some orall ofones beliefs and / orattitudes C
DE Anpassung, Adaptation soas tosuit new conditions oflife.
EL D
ES adaptacin Source
ET kohanemine
UNHCR International Thesaurus ofRefugee Terminology E
FI sopeutuminen
FR adaptation F
Narrower terms
GA oirin
economic adaptation
HU adaptci / alkalmazkods
IT adattamento
linguistic adaptation G
occupational adaptation
LT adaptacija
LV pielgoans
school adaptation H
MT Addattament
NL aanpassing Related term I
integration
PL adaptacja
PT adaptao J
RO adaptare
SK prispsobenie / adaptcia K
SL prilagajanje / adaptacija
SV anpassning L
NO tilpasning (b) / tilpassing(n)
M
N
O
admission onto the territory P
BG Definition Q
CS povolen vstupu nazem The lawful entry ofan alien onto the territory ofaState after
DE Zulassung zum Hoheitsgebiet inspection and authorisation byan immigration officer. R
EL
ES entrada legal alterritorio Source S
ET riiki lubamine Derived byEMN from the definition ofadmission inIOM
FI maahantulon salliminen Glossary onMigration, 2nd ed., 2011 T
FR admission sur leterritoire
GA cead isteach sachroch Broader term U
HU egy llam terletre trtn beutazs legal entry
IT ammissione sul territorio V
LT leidimas teritorij Note
LV uzemana teritorij In countries signatory tothe Schengen Agreement, only citizens W
MT Dul fit-territorju
from countries which are not signatory tothe Schengen Agree-
NL toegang tot het grondgebied
PL przyjcie / dopuszczenie naterytorium
ment have togo through the admission process, whereas X
innon-Schengen countries all non-nationals have tobe admitted.
PT
RO admisie peteritoriu Y
SK povolenie vstupu nazemie ttu
SL (zakoniti) vstop naozemlje Z
SV tillstnd att resa inilandet
NO adgang til riket (b) / tilgjenge til riket(n)
17
A BG
CS
DE
adoption (of a child)

osvojen
Adoption
Definition
In the context ofdependants, the statutory process ofterminat-
ing legal rights and duties between the child and the natural
EL parents, and substituting similar rights and duties between the
ES adopcin child and the adoptive parents.
ET lapsendamine
FI adoptio
Source
FR adoption
IOM Glossary onMigration, 2nd ed., 2011
GA ucht; uchtil
HU rkbefogads
Narrower term
IT adozione
adoption of convenience
LT vaikinimas
LV adopcija
MT Addozzjoni
NL adoptie
PL adopcja
PT adopo
RO adoptare
SK osvojenie / adopcia
SL posvojitev
SV adoption
NO adopsjon
adoption (of legal acts)

BG Definition
CS pijet In the context ofaccords, inpublic international law, the formal
DE Adoption act bywhich negotiating parties establish the form and content
EL ofatreaty. The treaty isadopted through aspecific act express-
ES adopcin ing the will ofthe states and the international organisations
ET (igusakti) vastuvtmine participating inthe negotiation ofthat treaty, e.g. byvoting
FI adoptio onthe text, initialling, signing, etc. Adoption may also bethe
FR adoption
mechanism used toestablish the form and content ofamend-
GA glacadh
ments toatreaty, orregulations under atreaty.

HU elfogads
IT adozione
Source
LT (susitarimo) primimas
LV pieemana
MT Aettazzjoni
NL goedkeuring
PL przyjcie
PT adopo
RO adoptie
SK prijatie
SL sprejetje
SV antagande
NO godkjenning
18
adoption of convenience A
B
BG no translation Definition
CS elov osvojen An adoption (of achild) contracted for the sole purpose ofena- C
DE Scheinadoption bling the person adopted toenter orreside inaMember State.
EL D
ES adopcin deconveniencia Source
ET mugavuslapsendamine
Art.16(2b) ofCouncil Directive 2003/86/EC (Family Reunification E
FI harhautustarkoituksessa toteutettu adoptio
Directive)
FR adoption decomplaisance F
GA ucht ise
Broader term
HU nvleges rkbefogads
IT adozione fittizia
adoption (of a child) G
LT fiktyvus vaikinimas
LV fiktva adopcija
Related terms H
civil
partnership ofconvenience
MT Addozzjoni ta konvenjenza
NL schijnadoptie
marriage ofconvenience I
PL adopcja fikcyjna
PT J
RO adoptie deconvenienta
SK elov osvojenie K
SL posvojitev izkoristoljubja
SV skenadoption L
NO proformaadopsjon
M
N
adult O
BG Definition
P
CS dospel osoba Every human being aged 18years ormore unless, under the law
DE Erwachsener applicable tothe adult, majority isattained later.
Q
EL
ES adulto Source R
ET tisealine Derived byEMN from the definition ofchild inEMN Glossary
FI aikuinen S
FR adulte
Related terms
GA aosach child T
HU felntt
minor
IT adulto/ maggiorenne U
LT pilnametis
LV pieauguais
Note
MT Adult(a)
Adulthood can bedefined interms ofbiology, psychological V
NL volwassene adult development, law, personal character orsocial status.
PL osoba penoletnia Forthe purposes ofthis glossary, amore legal definition isused. W
PT adulto/ maior deidade
RO adult X
SK dospel osoba
SL odrasel Y
SV vuxen
NO voksen (b) / vaksen(n) Z
19
A BG
CS
Africa Caribbean Pacific Observatory on Migration
,

Observato pro migraci stt Afriky, Karibiku
Definition
A reference network ofmigration research institutions and gov-
ernmental entities dealing with migration inthe six regions
aPacifiku ofthe Africa Caribbean Pacific (ACP) Group ofStates, namely
DE Beobachtungsstelle fr Migration inAfrika, West Africa, Central Africa, East Africa, Southern Africa, the
inderKaribik und impazifischen Raum Caribbean and the Pacific, designed toproduce data onSouth-
EL
South ACP migration flows for civil society and policy-makers,
ES Observatorio sobre Migraciones Africa Caribe Pacfico
and enhance research capacities inACP countries through net-
ET Aafrika, Kariibi mere jaVaikse ookeani piirkonna
working and cooperation among organisations.
riikide rnde vaatluskeskus
FI Afrikan, Karibian jaTyynenmeren alueen
Source
muuttoliikkeiden seurantakeskus
Website ofthe ACP Observatory onMigration
FR Observatoire Afrique, Carabes, Pacifique
surlesmigrations
GA Faireachlann Stit nahAfraice, Mhuir Chairib agus Synonyms
ACP
anAigin Chiin umImirce, Faireachlann ACC
ACP Observatory onMigration
umImirce
HU Afrikai, Karibi sCsendes-ceni Migrcis
Megfigyel Kzpont Related terms
IT Osservatorio Africa, Caraibi ePacifico sulle
Global Approach toMigration and Mobility
migrazioni
LT Afrikos, Karib irRamiojo vandenyno regiono
migracijos stebsenos tinklas Notes
LV frikas, Karbu jras reiona unKlus okena valstu 1.The ACP was established in2010onthe initiative ofthe Sec-
migrcijas novroanas centrs retariat ofthe ACP Group ofStates, empowered bythe Interna-
MT Osservatorju (L-) tal-Afrika, Karibew uPaifiku fuq tional Organization for Migration (IOM) and funded bythe
il-Migrazzjoni European Union with the financial support ofCH.
NL Africa Caribbean Pacific Observatory on Migration
PL Obserwatorium Migracji pastw Afryki, Karaibw 2.Activities are undertaken in12pilot countries (Angola, Cameroon,
iPacyfiku the Democratic Republic ofthe Congo, Haiti, Kenya, Lesotho,
PT Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Senegal, Tanzania, TimorLeste and
RO Observator cuprivire lamigratie Africa Caraibe Trinidad and Tobago).
Pacific
SK Observatrium Skupiny africkch, karibskch 3.For more information see: http://www.acpmigration-obs.org/
atichomorskch ttov pre migrciu
SL Afriko - Karibsko - Pacifiki observatorij zamigracije
SV Africa Caribbean Pacific Observatory onMigration
(nousual translation)
NO Africa Caribbean Pacific Observatory onMigration
(nousual translation)
20
Africa-EU Migration, Mobility and Employment Partnership A
B
BG , Definition
A partnership that provides comprehensive responses tothe C
CS Partnerstv EU-Afrika pro migraci, mobilitu issues ofmigration, mobility and employment, inthe interest
azamstnanost ofall partners, with the particular objectives tocreate more and D
DE Afrika-EU Partnerschaft inden Bereichen Migration, better jobs for Africa and tobetter manage migration flows.
Mobilitt und Beschftigung E
EL
Source
ES Asociacin frica-UE sobre migracin, F
Website ofthe Africa-EU Partnership
movilidadyempleo
ET Aafrika-EL migratsiooni, mobiilsuse jathive
partnerlus
Synonyms G
Africa-EU MME Partnership
FI Afrikan jaEU:n kumppanuus muuttoliikkeen,
liikkuvuuden jatyllisyyden aloilla
MME Partnership H
FR Partenariat Afrique-UE sur les migrations, lamobilit
etlemploi
Broader term I
Africa-EU Partnership
GA Comhphirtocht anAE agus nahAfraice maidir
lehImirce, Soghluaisteacht agus Fostaocht J
HU Afrika-EU kztti Migrcis, Mobilitsi Related terms
sFoglalkoztatsi Partnersg Dialogue onMediterranean Transit Migration K
IT Partenariato Africa-UE inmateria diMigrazione,
Mobilit eOccupazione L
LT ES-Afrikos partneryst migracijos, mobilumo Notes
iruimtumo srityse 1.The MME Partnership was launched during the 2nd Africa-EU M
LV frikas unES Migrcijas, mobilittes Summit ofHeads ofState and Government inDecember
unnodarbintbas partnerba 2007inLisbon, where the Joint EU-Africa Strategy and the First N
MT Subija bejn l-Afrika ul-UE dwar Migrazzjoni, Action Plan (2008-2010) were adopted.
Mobilit uImpiegi O
NL Afrika-EU-Partnerschap inzake migratie, mobiliteit 2.The partnership aims toensure sustainable development and the
enwerkgelegenheid implementation ofrelevant international agreements and declara-
tions, relying inparticular onthe Tripoli Declaration onMigration
P
PL Partnerstwo UE-Afryka narzecz migracji, mobilnoci
izatrudnienia and Development, the Ouagadougou Action Plan to Combat Traf-
PT Parceria Africa-UE para asmigraes, mobilidade ficking inHuman Beings, especially Women and Children and the
Q
eemprego Ouagadougou Declaration and Plan ofAction for Promotion
RO Parteneriatul Africa-EU cuprivire lamigraie. ofEmployment and Poverty Alleviation. R
mobilitate iangajare
SK Partnesrtvo Afrika - Evoblasti migrcie, mobility 3.Itcovers one ofthe eight areas ofcooperation ofthe Afri- S
azamestnanosti ca-EU (Strategic) Partnership, which isthe formal channel
SL Afrika - EUPartnerstvo zamigracije, mobilnost through which the European Union and the African Union work T
inzaposlovanje together, and which provides the overarching long-term frame-
SV MME-partnerskapet (migration, rrlighet och work for Africa-EU relations. U
sysselsttning)
NO AfrikaEU migrasjons-, mobilitets- ogsysselsettings 4.For more information, see: V
partnerskap (b) / AfrikaEU migrasjons-, mobilitets- http://www.africa-eu-partnership.org/
ogsysselsetjingspartnarskap W
X
Y
Z
21
A BG
CS
DE
age assessment

uren vku
Altersfeststellung
Definition
Process bywhich authorities seek toestablish the chronological
age, orrange ofage, ofaperson inorder todetermine whether
EL anindividual isachild ornot.
ES determinacin dela edad
ET vanuse mramine
Source
FI in mrittminen, in selvittminen
Derived byEMN from EASO: Age assessment practice inEurope,
FR dtermination delge
2013
GA measn aoise
HU kormeghatrozs
Related terms
IT accertamento dellet
child
LT amiaus nustatymas
minor
LV vecuma noteikana
MT Valutazzjoni / Stima tal-et
NL leeftijdsonderzoek Notes
PL ustalenie / ocena wieku 1.Art.4 (3) ofCouncil Resolution of26June 1997onunac-
PT companied minors states that inprinciple, unaccompanied asy-
RO evaluarea varstei lum-seekers claiming tobe minors must produce evidence
SK posdenie veku oftheir age. Ifsuch evidence isnot available orserious doubt
SL ocenjevanje starosti persists, Member States may carry out anage assessment. Age
SV ldersbedmning assessment should becarried out objectively. For such purposes,
NO aldersvurdering Member States may have amedical age-test carried out
byqualified medical personnel, with the consent ofthe minor,
aspecially appointed adult representative orinstitution.
2.According toUN Committee onthe Rights ofthe Child, Gen-

eral Comment No. 6, the identification ofachild asan unac-
companied and separated child (UASC) includes age assessment,
which should take into account physical appearance, but also
psychological maturity. The assessment must beconducted
inascientific, safe, child and gender-sensitive and fair manner,
avoiding any risk ofviolation ofthe physical integrity ofthe
child, giving due respect tohuman dignity.
3.Age assessment can include avariety ofprocesses orproce-

dures either undertaken singularly orin combination, such as:
analysis ofdocumentary evidence, interview, X-ray, physical
orother form ofmedical examination.
22
airport transit visa A
B
BG Definition
CS letitn prjezdn vzum A visa valid for transit through the international transit areas C
DE Visum fr den Flughafentransit ofone ormore airports ofthe Member States.
EL D
ES visado detrnsito aeroportuario Source
ET lennujaama transiidiviisa
Art.2(m) ofRegulation (EU) No604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation) E
FI lentokentn kauttakulkuviisumi
FR visa detransit aroportuaire F
Broader term
GA vosa idirthurais aerfoirt
visa
HU repltri tranzit vzum
IT visto ditransito aeroportuale
G
LT oro uosto tranzitin viza
Related terms
LV lidostas tranztvza
long-stay visa H
short-stay visa
MT Via gat-transitu fl-ajruport
NL luchthaventransitvisum I
PL lotniskowa wiza tranzytowa
PT J
RO viza detranzit aeroportuar
SK letiskov tranzitn vzum K
SL letaliki tranzitni vizum
SV visering fr flygplatstransitering L
NO transittvisum for lufthavn (b) /
transittvisumforlufthamn (n) M
N
alien O
BG Definition
P
CS cizinec; cizinec zetet zem In the global context, aperson who isnot anational (native
DE Auslnder orcitizen) ofagiven State.
Q
EL In the EUcontext, aperson who isnot anational ofaMember
ES extranjero State ofthe European Union. R
ET vlismaalane
FI ulkomaalainen Source S
FR tranger
Global context: Derived byEMN from IOM Glossary onMigration,
GA eachtrannach
2nd ed., 2011 T
HU klfldi
EU context: Schengen acquis
IT straniero U
LT usienietis
LV rzemnieks
Synonyms
MT Persuna barranija / gariba
foreigner V
non-citizen
NL vreemdeling
PL cudzoziemiec
non-national W
PT estrangeiro
RO strin Related terms X
non-EU national
SK cudzinec
SL tujec third-country national Y
SV utlnning
NO utlending / utenlandsk borger (b) / utlending / Note Z
utanlandsk borgar(n) The more frequently used term inthe EUcontext isthird-
country national.
23
A BG
CS
DE
alternative to detention

alternativa kzajitn
Alternative zur Inhaftierung / Inhaftnahme,
Definition
Non-custodial measures used tomonitor and / or limit the move-
ment ofthird-country nationals inadvance ofcompulsory
Haftalternative; Alternative zur Schubhaft / return ordeciding onthe individuals right toremain inthe
gelinderes Mittel (AT) Member State, such asregular reporting, the surrender ofafinan-
EL cial guarantee ortravel documents, electronic monitoring.
ES alternativas alinternamiento
ET kinnipidamise alternatiivid
Source
FI silnotolle vaihtoehtoiset turvaamistoimet
Derived byEMN from Art.8(4) ofDirective 2013/33/EU (Recast
FR alternative la dtention / rtention
Reception Conditions Directive)
GA malairt archoinneil (iolra: malairt archoinneil)
HU a fogvatarts alternatvi
IT disposizione alternativa altrattenimento
Related term
detention
LT alternatyvi sulaikymui priemon
LV alternatva aizturanai
MT Alternattiva gad-detenzjoni Notes
NL alternatief voor bewaring 1.Alternatives todetention usually provide more favourable
PL alternatywa wobec zatrzymania (less coercive) conditions for the potential detainee, and may
PT also bemore cost-efficient. They are still subject tohuman
RO alternativa lamasura detentiei rights standards.
SK alternatva kzaisteniu / alternatva zaistenia
SL alternativa kpridranju/ alternativa komejitvi gibanja 2.Reception facilities can beconsidered analternative
SV alternativ till frvar todetention only incases where the individual concerned has
NO alternativ til forvaring toreport regularly tothe competent authorities, orif there are
residency requirements.
3.For further information see EMN: Use ofdetention and alter-

natives todetention inthe context ofimmigration policies,
2014.
24
applicant for international protection A
B
BG Definition
CS adatel omezinrodn ochranu A third-country national orastateless person who has made C
DE Antragsteller auf internationalen Schutz anapplication for international protection inrespect ofwhich
EL afinal decision has not yet been taken. D
ES solicitante deproteccin internacional
ET rahvusvahelise kaitse taotleja
Source E
FI kansainvlist suojelua hakeva
Art.2(i) ofDirective 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive)
FR demandeur deprotection internationale F
GA iarratasir archosaint idirnisinta
Narrower terms
HU menedkkr
IT richiedente protezione internazionale
asylum seeker G
applicant in need of special procedural
LT prieglobsio praytojas
LV pieteikuma iesniedzjs, kas ldz starptautisko
guarantees H
applicant with special reception needs
aizsardzbu
MT Applikant(a) gall-protezzjoni internazzjonali
examination of an application I
NL persoon die ominternationale bescherming verzoekt forinternationalprotection
PL wnioskodawca oudzielenie ochrony midzynarodowej rejected applicant for international protection J
PT requerente de proteco internacional
RO solicitant alprotectiei internationale Related terms K
SK iadate omedzinrodn ochranu (EU acquis) beneficiary of international protection
person eligible for subsidiary protection
SL prosilec zamednarodno zaito L
SV skande avinternationellt skydd
NO person som sker ominternasjonal beskyttelse (b) / M
person som skjer ominternasjonalt vern(n)
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
25
A BG
CS
applicant in need of special procedural guarantees
,

adatel, kter potebuje zvltn procesn zruky
Definition
An applicant whose ability tobenefit from the rights and obliga-
tions provided for inDirective 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum
DE Antragsteller, der besondere Verfahrensgarantien Procedures Directive) islimited due toindividual circumstances.
bentigt
EL Source
ES solicitante que necesita garantas procedimentales
Art.2(d) ofDirective 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures
especiales
Directive)
ET spetsiaalseid menetlustagatisi vajav taotleja
FI hakija, joka tarvitsee erityisi menettelyllisi takeita
Broader term
FR demandeur ncessitant des garanties procdurales
applicant for international protection
spciales
GA iarratasir abhfuil sainrthaochta ns imeachta
dedhth air
Related term
applicant with special reception needs
HU klnleges eljrsi garancikat ignyl krelmez
IT richiedente che necessita digaranzie procedurali
particolari
LT praytojas, kuriam reikia speciali procedrini
garantij
LV pieteikuma iesniedzjs, kuram nepiecieamas paas
procesuls garantijas
MT Applikant(a) bitiea / fil-bonn ta garanziji
proedurali spejali
NL verzoeker die bijzondere procedurele waarborgen
behoeft
PL wnioskodawca wymagajcy specjalnych gwarancji
proceduralnych
PT requerente com necessidade de garantias
processuais especiais
RO solicitant care mecesita garantii procedurale speciale
SK iadate, ktor potrebuje osobitn procesn zruky
(EU acquis)
SL prosilec, kipotrebuje posebna postopkovna jamstva
SV skande ibehov avsrskilda frfarandegarantier
NO sker som har behov for srskilt
saksbehandlingsprosedyre (b) / skjar som treng
srskild sakshandsamingsprosedyre(n)
26
applicant with special reception needs A
B
BG Definition
CS adatel sezvltnmi potebami pi pijet A vulnerable person, inaccordance with Art.21ofDirective C
DE Antragsteller mit besonderen Bedrfnissen 2013/33/EU, who isin need ofspecial guarantees inorder
beiderAufnahme tobenefit from the rights and obligations provided for inCouncil D
EL Directive 2013/33/EU.
ES solicitante con necesidades deacogida particulares E
ET taotleja, kes vajab vastuvtu eritingimusi
Source
FI hakija, jolla onerityisi vastaanottotarpeita F
Art.2(k) ofDirective 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception Conditions
FR demandeur ayant des besoins particuliers
Directive)
enmatiredaccueil
GA iarratasir abhfuil sainriachtanais filtithe aige
G
HU klnleges befogadsi ignyekkel rendelkez
Broader terms
krelmez
applicant for international protection H
vulnerable person
IT richiedente con esigenze diaccoglienza particolari
LT speciali primimo poreiki turintis praytojas I
LV pieteikuma iesniedzjs arpam uzemanas Related term
vajadzbm applicant
inneed ofspecial procedural J
MT Applikant(a) bibonnijiet spejali ta akkoljenza guarantees
NL persoon met bijzondere opvangbehoeften K
PL wnioskodawca oszczeglnych potrzebach
wzakresieprzyjmowania L
PT requerente com necessidades de acolhimento
especiais M
RO solicitant cunevoi speciale deprimire
SK iadate sosobitnmi potrebami pri prijman N
(EUacquis)
SL prosilec sposebnimi sprejemnimi potrebami O
SV skande med srskilda mottagandebehov
NO sker som har behov for srskilte
innkvarteringsforhold (b) /
P
skjar som treng srskildeinnkvarteringstilhve(n)
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
27
A BG
CS
DE
application for asylum

dost oazyl
Asylantrag
Definition
An application made byaforeigner orastateless person which
can beunderstood asarequest for protection under the Geneva
EL Convention of1951ornational refugee law.
ES solicitud deasilo
ET varjupaigataotlus
Source
FI turvapaikkahakemus
Derived byEMN from the definition inArt.2 (b) ofCouncil Directive
FR demande dasile
2003/9/EC (Reception Conditions Directive)
GA iarratas arthearmann
HU menedkjog irnti krelem
Synonym
IT domanda dasilo
asylum application
LT praymas suteikti prieglobst
LV patvruma pieteikums
MT Talba / Applikazzjoni gall-ail Broader term
application for international protection
NL asielverzoek (syn.: asielaanvraag)
PL wniosek oazyl
PT pedido deasilo Narrower term
unfounded application for international
RO cerere deazil
SK iados oudelenie azylu / iados oazyl protection
SL pronja zaazil
SV asylanskan Notes
NO asylsknad 1.Inmost Member States this term isunderstood asasynonym
toapplication for international protection following the adop-
tion ofDirective 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive)
and Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Direc-
tive). However, UKand IE, which have not adopted the single
procedure, continue touse the term application for asylum for
anapplication for protection under the Geneva Convention only.
InDE the term isstill used toinclude, inaddition tothe applica-
tion for international protection according the Qualification
Directive, also the application according tothe national legisla-
tion, Art.16a Basic Law.
2.Outside EU legislation and ineveryday use, the terms asylum

application and application for asylum are often used more
frequently than application for international protection.
3.According toProtocol 29ofTFEU onasylum for nationals

ofMember States ofthe European Union (1997), EUMember
States shall beregarded asconstituting safe countries oforigin
inrespect ofeach other for all legal and practical purposes
inrelation toasylum matters. Accordingly, any application for
asylum made byanational ofaMember State isnormally not
taken into consideration. Inpractice, non-EU countries can
receive applications for asylum from EUMember States.
28
application for international protection A
B
BG Definition
CS dost omezinrodn ochranu A request made byathird-country national orastateless per- C
DE Antrag auf internationalen Schutz son for protection from aMember State, who can beunder-
EL stood toseek refugee status orsubsidiary protection status, D
ES solicitud deproteccin internacional and who does not explicitly request another kind ofprotection,
ET rahvusvahelise kaitse taotlus outside the scope ofDirective 2011/95/EU, that can beapplied E
FI kansainvlist suojelua koskeva hakemus
for separately.
FR demande deprotection internationale F
GA iarratas archosaint idirnisinta
Source
HU nemzetkzi vdelem irnti krelem
IT domanda diprotezione internazionale
Art.2(h) ofDirective 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) G
LT praymas suteikti prieglobst
LV starptautisks aizsardzbas pieteikums
Narrower terms H
application for asylum
MT Talba gall-protezzjoni internazzjonali
NL verzoek ominternationale bescherming
examination of an application I
PL wniosek oudzielenie ochrony midzynarodowej forinternationalprotection
PT pedido deproteco internacional subsequent application J
RO cerere deprotectie internationala forinternationalprotection
SK iados omedzinrodn ochranu (EU acquis) unfounded application for international K
SL pronja zamednarodno zaito protection
withdrawal of an application
SV anskan ominternationellt skydd L
NO sknad ominternasjonal beskyttelse (b) / forinternationalprotection
sknadominternasjonalt vern(n) M
Notes
1.Inmost Member States this term isunderstood asasynonym N
toapplication for asylum following the adoption ofDirective
2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) and Directive
2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive).
O
2.Ineveryday use, the terms asylum application and applica-

P
tion for asylum are often used more frequently than application
for international protection.
Q
3.According toProtocol 29ofTFEU onasylum for nationals R

ofMember States ofthe European Union (1997), EUMember
States shall beregarded asconstituting safe countries oforigin S
inrelation toasylum matters. Accordingly, any application for T
asylum made byanational ofaMember State isnormally not
taken into consideration. U
V
W
X
Y
Z
29
A BG
CS
DE
apprehension

zadren
Aufgriff, Ergreifung, Festnahme
Definition
In the EUmigration context, any legal action bythe relevant
national authority(ies) tolimit the freedom ofmovement
EL ofathird-country national found tobe illegally present.
ES aprehensin
ET kinnipidamine
Source
FI kiinniottaminen, pidttminen
Developed byEMN
FR apprhension, arrestation
GA gabhil
Related terms
HU rizetbe vtel
irregular migrant
IT arresto
third-country national found tobe illegally
LT sulaikymas
present
LV aizturana
MT Qbid / Arrest
NL aanhouding
PL zatrzymanie
PT deteco
RO luare incustodie publica
SK zadranie (EU acquis) / predvedenie (national law)
SL prijetje / aretacija
SV kvarhllande
NO pgripelse (b) / pgriping(n)
Asia-Europe Meeting
BG - Definition
CS Asijsko-evropsk setkn An informal process ofdialogue and cooperation bringing together
DE Asien-Europa-Treffen countries ofthe two regions (27EUMember States, two other
EL European countries and 20Asian countries), the European
ES Conferencia Asia-Europa Commission and the Association ofSoutheast Asian Nations
ET Aasia-Euroopa kohtumine (ASEAN) Secretariat which addresses political, economic and cultural
FI Aasian jaEuroopan yhteistyfoorumi issues, with the objective ofstrengthening the relationship between
FR Runion Asie-Europe the two regions, inaspirit ofmutual respect and equal partnership.
GA Cruinni den is agus den Eoraip
HU zsia-Eurpa Tallkoz Source
IT Meeting Asia-Europa
Website ofthe ASEM

LT Azijos irEuropos susitikimas
LV zijas unEiropas sanksme Synonym
MT Inkontru (L-) Asja-Ewropa (IAsE) ASEM
NL Asia-Europe Meeting
PL Asia-Europe Meeting
Related term
PT Cimeira sia-Europa
RO Reuniunea Asia Europa
SK Frum zia - Eurpa
SL Azijsko - Evropski sestanek
Notes
1.ASEM was initiated in1996inBangkok.
SV Asia-Europe Meeting
NO Asia-Europe Meeting
2.Inthe political field, areas ofcommon interest include the
fight against terrorism orthe management ofmigration flows;
discussions onhuman rights, onthe protection ofchildren, and
onthe impact ofglobalisation.
3.For more information, see: http://www.aseminfoboard.org/

30
assimilation A
B
BG Definition
CS asimilace The gradual process bywhich aminority group adopts the pat- C
DE Assimilation terns ofbehaviour ofamajority group orhost society and is
EL eventually absorbed bythe majority group / host society. D
ES asimilacin
ET assimileeruma
Source E
FI assimilaatio
Malgesini and Gimnez: Gua deconceptos sobre migraciones
FR assimilation F
racismo einteculturalidad, 2000
GA asamhl
HU asszimilci
IT assimilazione
Synonym G
cultural assimilation
LT asimiliacija
LV asimilcija H
MT Assimilazzjoni Broader term
NL assimilatie
acculturation I
PL asymilacja
PT assimilao J
RO asimilare
SK asimilcia K
SL asimilacija
SV assimilering L
NO assimilering
M
assisted voluntary return N
BG / Definition
O
CS asistovan dobrovoln nvrat Voluntary return orvoluntary departure supported bylogisti-
DE untersttzte freiwillige Rckkehr cal, financial and / or other material assistance.
P
EL
ES retorno (voluntario asistido) Source Q
ET toetatud vabatahtlik lahkumine Developed byEMN
FI tuettu vapaaehtoinen paluu R
FR aide auretour volontaire Broader terms
GA cur ar ais deonach cuidithe voluntary departure S
HU tmogatott nkntes hazatrs voluntary return
IT ritorno volontario assistito T
LT savanorikas grimas (remiamas)
LV atbalstta brvprtga atgrieans U
MT Ritorn volontarju assistit
NL gefaciliteerde vrijwillige terugkeer V
PL wspomagany dobrowolny powrt
PT regresso voluntrio
W
RO returnare voluntar asistat
SK asistovan dobrovon nvrat
SL prostovoljno vraanje spomojo
X
SV sjlvmant tervndande
NO assistert retur Y
Z
31
A BG
CS
DE
asylum

azyl
Asyl
Definition
A form ofprotection given byaState onits territory, based
onthe principle ofnon-refoulement and internationally
EL ornationally recognised refugee rights and which isgranted
ES asilo toaperson who isunable toseek protection intheir country
ET varjupaik ofcitizenship and / or residence, inparticular for fear ofbeing
FI turvapaikka persecuted for reasons ofrace, religion, nationality, membership
FR asile
ofaparticular social group orpolitical opinion.
GA tearmann
HU menedkjog
Source
IT asilo
Developed byEMN
LT prieglobstis
LV patvrums
MT Ail
Narrower term
right ofasylum
NL asiel
PL azyl
PT asilo Related term
international protection
RO azil
SK azyl
SL azil Note
SV asyl The literal translation ofthis term inBulgarian (the word
NO asyl ) refers toaspecific kind ofprotection which isgranted
bythe President ofthe Republic ofBulgaria and differs from the
protection granted onthe basis ofthe Geneva Convention Relating
tothe Status ofRefugees (1951).
32
asylum seeker A
B
BG Definition
CS adatel oazyl In the global context, aperson who seeks safety from persecu- C
DE Asylbewerber (EU acquis) / Asylwerber (AT) tion orserious harm inacountry other than their own and
EL awaits adecision onthe application for refugee status under D
ES solicitante deasilo relevant international and national instruments.
ET varjupaigataotleja In the EUcontext, aperson who has made anapplication for pro- E
FI turvapaikanhakija tection under the Geneva Convention inrespect ofwhich afinal
FR demandeur dasile F
decision has not yet been taken.
GA iarratasir arthearmann
HU menedkkr
IT richiedente asilo
Source G
Global context: Derived byEMN from IOM glossary onmigration,
LT prieglobsio praytojas
LV patvruma mekltjs
2nd ed. 2011 H
EU context: Derived byEMN from Art.2(c) ofCouncil Directive
MT Applikant(a) gall-ail
NL asielzoeker 2003/9/EC (Asylum Procedures Directive) I
PL osoba ubiegajca si onadanie statusu
uchodcy(azyl) Synonym J
asylum applicant
PT requerente deasilo
RO solicitant deazil K
SK iadate oudelenie azylu / iadate oazyl Broader term
SL prosilec zaazil L
SV asylskande
NO asylsker (b) / asylskjar(n) Related term M
refugee
N
Notes
1.This definition generally refers toall who apply for protection
onan individual basis, irrespective ofwhether they lodge their
O
application onarrival atan airport orland border, orfrom inside
the country, and irrespective ofwhether they entered the terri-
P
tory legally orillegally.
Q
2.Inmost Member States this term isunderstood asasynonym
toapplicant for international protection following the adoption R
ofDirective 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) and
Directive 2013/32/EC (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive). S
However, other Member States, such asthe UKand IEwhich
have not adopted the single procedure, continue touse the term T
asylum seeker for anapplicant who requests protection under
the Geneva Convention only. InDE the term isstill used U
toinclude, inaddition tothe provisions ofDirective 2011/95/EU,
those ofthe national legislation, Art.16a Basic Law. V
3.Outside EU legislation, the terms asylum seeker orasylum W
applicant are often used more frequently than applicant for
international protection inthe everyday use ofthe term. X
Y
Z
33
A BG
CS
DE
asylum shopping

asylum shopping
Asyl-Shopping
Definition
In the context ofthe Dublin Regulation, the phenomenon where
third-country nationals apply for international protection inmore
EL than one Member State with orwithout having already received
- international protection inone ofthose Member States.
ES compra deasilo
ET varjupaigaostlemine Source
FI turvapaikkashoppailu, edullisimman kohtelun
Derived byEMN from Commission Staff Working Document
tarjoavan maan etsint
SEC/2008/2029
FR no usual translation
GA siopadireacht tearmainn
Broader term
HU no usual translation
secondary movement ofmigrants
IT asylum shopping
LT iekojimas, kur geriau gauti prieglobst
LV izdevgko patvruma noteikumu meklana Related term
Dublin Regulation
MT Sajda gall-ail
NL asielshoppen
PL asylum shopping /no usual translation Notes
PT asylum shopping 1.The term asylum-shopping has nolegal definition, but
RO asylum shopping isused inan informal sense and also inCommission Communi-
SK zneuvanie azylovho systmu / azylov turizmus cations. Itis often used with anegative connotation, asit implies
SL Azilni oping anabuse ofthe asylum procedure through the lodging ofmore
SV no usual translation than one application for international protection indifferent
NO asylshopping Member States (choosing the Member State which may grant
the most appealing social, humanitarian and economic
standards).
2.Asecond meaning understands asylum shopping asacom-

parison and selection ofone asylum rule among several (see
European University Institute: the Development ofthe
EUAsylum Policy: Revisiting the Venue-shopping Argument).
3.Commission Staff Working Document SEC/2008/2029pro-

vides not only some examples ofwhat asylum shopping means
but also anassessment ofthe impacts ofthe Dublin system
(which comprises the Dublin Regulation and Eurodac Regula-
tion and their implementing regulations).
34
au pair A
B
BG Definition
CS au pair A third-country national who istemporarily received byafam- C
DE Au-pair ily inthe territory ofaMember State inexchange for light
EL (au pair) housework and taking care ofchildren inorder toimprove their D
ES au pair linguistic skills and knowledge ofthe host country.
ET au pair lapsehoidja E
FI au pair Source
FR au pair F
Art.2(i) ofProposal for aDirective onthe conditions ofentry and
GA au pair
residence ofthird-country nationals for the purposes ofresearch,
HU au pair
IT persona collocata alla pari
studies, pupil exchange, remunerated and unremunerated training, G
voluntary service and aupairing, COM(2013) 151final
LT au pair aukl
LV viesaukle
H
MT au pair
NL au pair I
PL au pair
PT au pair J
RO lucrator au pair
SK au pair / au-pair K
SL varuka
SV au pair L
NO au pair
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
35
B BG
CS
DE
Bali Process

Balijsk proces; Proces Bali
Bali-Prozess
Definition
An international forum dealing with smuggling ofmigrants and
trafficking inhuman beings, participated inby over 50coun-
EL tries inthe Asia-Pacific region and beyond.
ES Proceso deBali
ET Bali protsess Source
FI Balin prosessi Website ofthe Bali Process
FR Processus deBali
GA Priseas Bali
Synonym
HU Bali Folyamat
Bali Process onPeople Smuggling, Trafficking inPersons and
IT Processo diBali
Related Transnational Crime
LT Balio procesas
LV Bali process
MT Proess (Il-) ta Bali
Related terms
NL Bali proces
smuggling of migrants
PL Proces Bali
trafficking in human beings
PT Processo deBali
RO Procesul Bali
SK Balijsk proces Notes
SL Baliski proces 1.The Bali Process was established through aframework agree-
SV Baliprocessen ment that was initiated atthe Regional Ministerial Conference
NO Bali-prosessen onPeople Smuggling, Trafficking inPersons and Related Trans-
national Crime held inBali, Indonesia inFebruary 2002.
2.Itaims tofacilitate discussion and information sharing about

issues relating topeople smuggling, human trafficking, and related
transnational crime and appropriate responses totheseissues.
3.For more information, see: http://www.baliprocess.net/

36
A
beneficiary of international protection
B
BG , Definition
A person who has been granted refugee status orsubsidiary C
CS osoba povajc mezinrodn ochrany protection status.
DE Person, der internationaler Schutz zuerkannt wurde D
EL Source
ES beneficiario deproteccin internacional Art.2(b) ofDirective 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) E
ET rahvusvahelise kaitse saaja
FI kansainvlist suojelua saava F
Narrower terms
FR bnficiaire dune protection internationale Convention refugee
GA tairbh den chosaint idirnisinta
HU nemzetkzi vdelemben rszesl szemly
person eligible for subsidiary protection G
IT beneficiario diprotezione internazionale
LT prieglobst gavs asmuo
Related terms H
LV starptautisks aizsardzbas samjs
MT Benefijarju(-a) tal-protezzjoni internazzjonali
person eligible for subsidiary protection I
NL persoon die internationale bescherming geniet
PL beneficjent ochrony midzynarodowej J
PT
RO beneficiar alprotectiei internationale K
SK osoba spostavenm medzinrodnej ochrany (EU
acquis) / osoba sudelenou medzinrodnou ochranou L
SL upravienec domednarodne zaite
SV person som beviljats internationellt skydd M
NO mottaker avinternasjonal beskyttelse (asyl) (b) /
mottakar avinternasjonalt vern (asyl)(n) N
O
P
biometric data
Q
BG Definition
CS biometrick daje Data relating tothe physical, physiological orbehavioural char- R
DE biometrische Daten acteristics ofan individual which allow their unique identifica-
EL tion, such asfacial images ordactyloscopic data. S
ES datos biomtricos
ET biomeetrilised andmed Source T
FI biometriset tiedot Art.2(11) ofProposal for aDirective onthe protection ofindivid-
FR donnes biomtriques uals with regard tothe processing ofpersonal data bycompe- U
GA sonra bithmhadracha tent authorities for the purposes ofprevention, investigation,
HU biometrikus adat detection orprosecution ofcriminal offences orthe execution V
IT dati biometrici ofcriminal penalties, and the free movement ofsuch data
LT biometriniai duomenys COM(2012) 10final W
LV biometriskie dati
MT Data / Dejta bijometrika Synonym X
NL biometrische gegevens biometrics
PL dane biometryczne
PT
Y
RO date biometrice
SK biometrick daj Z
SL biometrini podatki
SV biometriska data
NO biometriske data
37
B BG
CS
DE
Black Sea Synergy

ernomosk synergie
Schwarzmeersynergie
Definition
An institutionalised forum for EUcooperation encouraging coop-
eration between the EUand the countries surrounding the Black
EL Sea and for tackling common problems while encouraging polit-
ES Sinergia del mar Negro ical and economic reform.
ET Musta mere snergia (koost)
FI Mustanmeren synergia Source
FR Synergie dela mer Noire
Website ofthe Black Sea Synergy
GA Sineirge naMara Duibhe
HU Fekete-tengeri szinergia
Broader term
IT Sinergia del Mar Nero
European Neighbourhood Policy
LT Juodosios jros sinergija
LV Melns jras reiona sinerija
MT Sinerija tal-Baar l-Iswed
Related terms
Eastern Partnership
NL Black Sea Synergy (no usual translation)
Euro-Mediterranean Partnership
PL Synergia Czarnomorska
PT
RO Sinergia Marii Negre Notes
SK iernomorsk synergia 1.The Black Sea Synergy ispart ofthe European Neighbourhood
SL rnomorska Sinergija Policy (ENP) ofthe EUand isintended asaflexible framework
SV Svartahavssynergin complementing existing EUpolicy, seeking totackle the significant
NO Svartehavssynergien opportunities and challenges inthe Black Sea area that require
coordinated action atthe regional level inthe sectors such
asenergy, transport, environment, movement and security.
2.Aconference between EUand Black Sea Foreign Affairs Min-

isters inKiev (Ukraine) in2008initiated the synergy.
3.For more information, see: Black Sea Synergy Anew regional

cooperation initiative, COM(2007) 160final, 11April 2007.
38
A
border area
B
BG Definition
CS pohranin oblast An area that extends nomore than 30kilometres from the C
DE Grenzgebiet, Grenzregion border.
EL D
ES zona fronteriza Source
ET piiriala Art.3(2) ofRegulation (EC) No1931/2006 (Local Border Traffic E
FI raja-alue Regulation)
FR zone frontalire F
GA limistar teorann
Related terms
HU hatrmenti terlet
IT zona difrontiera
border resident G
local border traffic
LT pasienio teritorija
LV pierobea
H
MT ona ta mal-konfini
Note
NL grensgebied Subsequent toArt.3(2) ofRegulation (EC) No1931/2006 I
PL strefa przygraniczna (Local Border Traffic Regulation), aMember State may specify
PT zona fronteiria the local administrative districts that are tobe considered part J
RO zon defrontier ofthe border area inabilateral agreements with its neighbour-
SK pohranin oblas (EU acquis) / ing third country(s). Ifpart ofany such district lies between K
prihranin zemie (national law) 30and 50kilometres from the border line, itshall nevertheless
SL obmejno obmoje beconsidered aspart ofthe border area. L
SV grnsomrde
NO grenseomrde M
N
border control O
BG Definition
P
CS pohranin kontrola The activity carried out at a border, in accordance with and for
DE Grenzkontrolle the purposes of Regulation (EC) No 562/2006 (Schengen
Q
EL / Borders Code), in response exclusively to an intention to cross
ES control fronterizo or the act of crossing that border, regardless of any other con- R
ET piirikontroll sideration, consisting of border checks and border surveillance.
FI rajavalvonta S
FR contrle aux frontires
Source
GA rial teorann
Art. 2(9) of Council Regulation (EC) No 562/2006 (Schengen T
HU hatrellenrzs
Borders Code)
IT controllo di frontiera U
LT pasienio kontrol
LV robekontrole
Related terms
MT Kontroll mal-konfini / mal-fruntiera
European Border Surveillance System V
external EU border
NL grenstoezicht (syn.: grensbewaking, grenscontrole)
PL kontrola graniczna
internal EU border W
irregular entry
PT controlo de fronteira
RO control de frontier legal entry X
refusal of entry
SK kontrola hranc
SL nadzor meje Schengen Borders Code Y
SV grnskontroll
NO grensekontroll Z
39
B BG
CS
DE
border crossing

pekroen hranice
Grenzbertritt
Definition
The physical act of crossing a border either at a border crossing
point or another point along the border.
EL
ES cruce de frontera Source
ET piiriletus Developed by EMN
FI rajanylitys
FR franchissement de la frontire
Narrower term
GA trasn teorann border crossing point
HU hatrtlps
IT attraversamento della frontiera
LT sienos kirtimas
LV robersoana
MT Qsim tal-konfini / tal-fruntiera
NL grensoverschrijding
PL przekraczanie granicy
PT passagem de fronteira
RO trecerea frontierei
SK prekroenie hranice / prekroenie ttnej hranice
SL prekanje meje
SV grnspassage
NO grensepassering
border crossing point

BG - Source
CS hranin pechod Any crossing point authorised by the competent authorities for
DE Grenzbergang, Grenzbergangsstelle the crossing of external EU borders.
EL
ES paso fronterizo Source
ET piiriletuspunkt Art. 2(8) of Regulation No 562/2006 (Schengen Borders Code)
FI rajanylityspaikka
FR point de passage frontalier
Broader term
GA pointe trasnaithe teorann
border crossing
HU hatrtkelhely
IT valico di frontiera
LT sienos perjimo punktas
LV robersoanas vieta
MT Il-Punt / Il-Post ta' qsim il-fruntiera/ il-konfini
NL grensovergang (syn.: grensdoorlaatpost, grenspost)
PL przejcie graniczne
PT ponto de passagem fronteirio
RO punct de trecere a frontierei
SK hranin priechod
SL mejni prehod
SV grnsvergngsstlle
NO grensepasseringssted (b) / grensepasseringsstad (n)
40
A
border resident
B
BG Definition
CS obyvatel pohranin oblasti In the EUmigration context, athirdcountry national who has C
DE Grenzbewohner been lawfully resident inthe border area ofacountry neigh-
EL bouring aMember State for aperiod specified inabilateral D
ES residente fronterizo agreement between aMember State(s) and neighbouring third
ET piiriala elanik country, which shall beat least one year. E
FI raja-alueen asukas
FR frontalier F
Source
GA cnaitheoir teorann
Art.3(6) ofCouncil Regulation (EC) No1931/2006 (Local Border
HU hatr menti lakos
IT frontaliero
Traffic Regulation) G
LT pasienio gyventojas
LV pierobeas iedzvotjs
Related terms H
border area
MT Resident(a) ta mal-konfini / mal-fruntiera
NL grensbewoner
frontier worker I
PL mieszkaniec strefy przygranicznej
PT residente fronteirio J
RO locuitor din zona defrontier
SK pohranin oblas (EU acquis) / K
prihranin zemie (national law)
SL obmejni prebivalec L
SV grnsboende
NO grenseboer (b) / grensebuar(n) M
N
brain circulation O
BG Definition
P
CS brain circulation The possibility for developing countries todraw onthe skills,
DE Brain Circulation know-how and other forms ofexperience gained bytheir
Q
EL ( ) migrants whether they have returned totheir country ofori-
ES circulacin decerebros gin ornot and members oftheir diaspora. R
ET oskustju ringlus
FI aivokierto Source S
FR circulation des cerveaux
Annex 5ofCommunication onMigration and Development,
GA crsaocht daoine oilte
COM(2005) 390 T
HU there isno widely accepted term: agykrforgs
isused insome documents U
Related terms
IT circolazione dicervelli
brain drain
LT prot apykaita
LV kvalificta darbaspka aprite
brain gain V
brain waste
MT irkolazzjoni ta mu / ta nies bikwalifiki goljin
NL mobiliteit van hoogopgeleide personen
circular migration W
(syn.:braincirculation)
PL cyrkulacja mzgw X
PT circulao decrebros
RO circulaia creierelor Y
SK cirkulcia mozgov
SL kroenje moganov Z
SV kunskapsspridning
NO kunnskapsmobilitet / kunnskapssirkulasjon
41
B BG
CS
DE
brain drain

odliv mozk
Brain Drain
Definition
The loss suffered byacountry asaresult ofthe emigration
ofa(highly) qualified person.
EL ( )
ES fuga decerebros Source
ET oskustju ravool ILO Thesaurus, 6th ed., 2008
FI aivovuoto / aivovienti
FR fuite des cerveaux
Related terms
GA imirce daoine oilte brain gain
HU agyelszvs / brain drain
brain waste
IT fuga dicervelli
brain circulation
LT prot nutekjimas
circular migration
LV kvalificta darbaspka aizplana
MT Telf / Tnixxija ta mu // ta nies bikwalifiki goljin
NL brain drain
PL drena mzgw
PT fuga decrebros / brain drain
RO exodul creierelor / brain drain
SK nik mozgov (EU acquis) / odliv mozgov
SL beg moganov
SV no usual translation
NO kunnskapsflukt / ekspertflukt
brain gain
BG Definition
CS pliv mozk The benefit toacountry asaresult ofthe immigration
DE Brain Gain ofahighly qualified person.
EL ( )
ES captacin decerebros Source
ET oskustju sissevool Derived byEMN from the definition ofbrain drain inthe EMN
FI aivotuonti Glossary
FR afflux decerveaux
GA inimirce daoine oilte
Synonym
HU there isno widely accepted term, several can
reverse brain drain
beused: agyvisszaszvs / tudsnyers / brain gain
IT acquisizione dicervelli
LT prot pritraukimas
Related terms
brain drain
LV kvalificta darbaspka piepldums
brain waste
MT Akkwist / Ksib ta mu // ta nies bikwalifiki goljin
brain circulation
NL brain gain
circular migration
PL no usual translation
PT brain gain
RO atragerea creierelor / brain gain Note
SK zskavanie mozgov This can apply to, for example, aEU Member State receiving
SL pridobitev moganov ahighly qualified migrant, aswell asathird-country national
SV no usual translation returning totheir country oforigin.
NO kunnskapsgevinst
42
A
brain waste
B
BG Definition
CS pltvn mozky The non-recognition ofthe skills (and qualifications) acquired C
DE Brain Waste byamigrant outside ofthe EU, which prevents them from fully
EL using their potential. D
ES subempleo
ET oskustju alarakendatus Source E
FI aivotuhlaus Derived byEMN from Footnote 28ofCommunication onMigration
FR gaspillage des cerveaux F
and Development, COM(2005) 390final
GA cur am irime
HU kpessgek elpazarlsa
IT spreco dicervelli
Related terms G
brain drain
LT prot vaistymas
LV intelektul potencila izrdana
brain gain H
brain circulation
MT ela ta mu / ta nies bikwalifiki goljin
NL brain waste I
PL marnotrawstwo mzgw
PT brain waste J
RO brain waste
SK plytvanie mozgami (EU acquis) / mrhanie mozgami K
SL izguba moganov
SV no usual translation L
NO kunnskapsslsing
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
43
B BG
CS
DE
Budapest Process

Budapesk proces
Budapest-Prozess
Definition
A consultative forum ofmore than 50governments from the
wider European region and ten international organisations, which
EL aims topromote good governance inthe field ofmigration,
ES Proceso deBudapest todevelop comprehensive and sustainable systems for orderly
ET Budapesti protsess migration and toexchange information and best practices
FI Budapestin prosessi onawide range ofmigration issues (legal migration, irregular
FR Processus deBudapest
migration, asylum, visa, border management, trafficking
GA Priseas Bhdaipeist
inhuman beings and smuggling ofmigrants, readmission
HU Budapest Folyamat
andreturn).
IT Processo diBudapest
LT Budapeto procesas
LV Budapetas process
Source
Derived bythe EMN from the page describing Budapest Process
MT Proess (Il-) ta Budapest
NL Boedapest proces ofthe Website ofICMPD and the website ofthe Budapest Process
PL Proces Budapeszteski
PT Processo deBudapeste Related term
RO Procesul Budapesta
SK Budapetiansky proces
SL Budimpetanski proces Notes
SV Budapestprocessen 1.The Budapest Process was initiated byDE in1991.
NO Budapest-prosessen
2.Through this dialogue, the Process promotes aharmonised
approach indealing with irregular migration challenges and sup-
port for the transfer and common understanding ofmigration
concepts and policies.
3.For more information see the website ofthe Budapest Pro-

cess: http://www.budapestprocess.org/
44
A
burden of proof
B
BG Definition
CS dkazn bemeno In the global context, apartys duty toprove adisputed assertion C
DE Beweislast orcharge.
EL In the migration context, the duty ofanon-national seeking D
entry into aforeign State toprove that they are entitled toenter
ES carga dela prueba and not inadmissible under the laws ofthat State. E
ET tendamiskoormis In the context ofrefugee status determination procedures, the
FI todistustaakka F
duty ofthe applicant toestablish their case, toproduce evidence
FR charge dela preuve
that they have awell-founded fear ofpersecution.
GA dualgas cruthnais
HU bizonytsi teher
G
Source
IT onere della prova
LT rodinjimo pareiga
Derived byEMN from the IOM Glossary onMigration, 2nd ed., 2011 H
LV pierdanas pienkums
MT Pi (Il-) tal-prova / Obbligu (L-) lijiniebu l-provi Notes I
NL bewijslast 1.Inrefugee status determination procedures, itis the applicant
PL ciar dowodu who has the burden ofestablishing the veracity oftheir allega- J
PT nus daprova tions and the accuracy ofthe facts onwhich the refugee claim
RO sarcina dovezii isbased. The burden ofproof isdischarged bythe applicant ren- K
SK dkazn bremeno dering atruthful account offacts relevant tothe claim sothat,
SL dokazno breme based onthe facts, aproper decision may bereached. L
SV bevisbrda
NO bevisbyrde 2.For further information see UNHCR: Note onBurden and M
Standard ofProof inRefugee Claims, 16December 1998.
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
45
C BG
CS
DE
carrier

dopravce
Transportunternehmer
Definition
In relation toconveyance (or transport), the owner orcharterer
ofthe conveyance.
EL
ES operador detransporte Source
ET vedaja IOM Glossary onMigration, 2nd. ed., 2011
FI liikenteenharjoittaja
FR transporteur
Notes
GA iomprir
1.Acarrier usually refers toan airline, bus orrail company,
HU fuvaroz
orcruise line. Under the laws ofsome States, the term includes
IT vettore
any owner ofameans ofconveyance, which carries aperson
LT vejas
onto its territory.
LV prvadtjs
MT Operatur tat-trasport
NL vervoerder 2.The definition given inArt.2(a) ofCouncil Directive 2004/82/
PL przewonik EC (API Directive) ismore restrictive inthat itrefers explicitly
PT transportador topassenger transport byair and there isuncertainty asto what
RO transportator any natural orlegal person actually refers to, e.g. ifthis isthe
SK dopravca owner ofthe company only.
SL prevoznik
SV transportr
NO transportr
46
A
case worker in procedures for international protection
B
BG
CS rozhod
Definition
Personnel ofthe determining authority responsible for examin- C
DE Sachbearbeiter in Verfahren fr ing and assessing anapplication for international protection
internationalenSchutz / Referent in Verfahren and competent totake adecision atfirst instance insuch acase. D
frinternationalen Schutz (AT)
EL Source E
ES trabajador social enprocedimientos deproteccin Derived byEMN from the definition ofdecision maker
internacional inUNHCR: Beyond Proof Credibility Assessment inEU Asylum F
ET Rahvusvahelise kaitse taotluse menetleja
Systems, 2013
FI ptksen tekij / hakemuksen ksittelij
G
kansainvlisen suojelun menettelyss
Synonyms
FR agent responsable dutraitement dune demande
deprotection internationale
asylum case worker H
asylum determination officer
GA csoibr nsanna imeachta umchosaint idirnisinta
HU menekltgyi eljrs sorn eljr gyintzk
case officer I
case worker
IT operatore impegnato nella procedura diprotezione
internazionale
decision-maker J
LT praym nagrinti irsprendim dl prieglobsio
suteikimo priimti galiotas valstybs tarnautojas Related term K
determining authority
LV ierdnis, kas izskata starptautisks aizsardzbas
pieteikumus L
MT Operatur(-trii) sojali fiproeduri gall-protezzjoni Note
internazzjonali This term specifically refers topersons examining and assessing M
NL hoor- enbeslisambtenaar inasielzaken (BE: applications for international protection. There are other types
protection officer) ofcase workers i.e. for processing visa applications, which are N
PL pracownik / urzdnik prowadzcy postpowanie not explicitely mentioned inthe glossary with anextra term.
wsprawach zzakresu ochrony midzynardowej O
PT
RO ofiter dedecizie P
SK rozhodova
SL pristojna uradna oseba vpostopku zamednarodno
zaito
Q
SV handlggare avanskningar ominternationellt skydd
NO saksbehandler for sknad ominternasjonal R
beskyttelse (asyl) (b) / sakshandsamar for sknad
ominternasjonalt vern (asyl)(n) S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
47
C BG
CS
Centre for Information, Discussion and Exchange
on the Crossing of Frontiers and Immigration
,

Centrum pro informace, diskusi avmnu nzor
Definition
A body assisting the EUMember States ineffectively studying
legal immigration soas toprevent illegal immigration and
kpekaovn hranic aimigraci unlawful residence, ineffectively combating immigration crime,
DE Informations-, Diskussions- und Austauschzentrum inbetter detecting forged documents and inimproving expulsion
fr Fragen in Zusammenhang mit dem berschreiten practice.
der Auengrenzen und der Einwanderung
EL , Source

Council Conclusions of30November 1994
ES Centro de informacin, reflexin e intercambio
enmateria de cruce de fronteras e inmigracin
Synonym
ET piiriletuse- ja sisserndealase teabe,
CIREFI
analsijainfovahetuse keskus
FI Rajanylitys- jamaahanmuuttoasioiden tiedotus-,
tarkastelu- jatietojenvaihtokeskus
Related term
European Agency for the Management
FR Centre dinformation, derflexion etdchanges
enmatire defranchissement des frontires ofOperational Cooperation atthe
etdimmigration ExternalBorders ofthe Member States
GA an Lrionad um Fhaisnis, Pl agus Malart i dtaca oftheEuropeanUnion
leTrasn Imeallchrche agus Inimirce
HU Kls Hatrok tlpsvel sBevndorlssal Notes
foglalkoz Informci-,Vita-, sVlemnycsere 1.CIREFI started its work on1January 1995based onthe
Kzpont Council conclusions of30November 1994.
IT Centro diInformazione, diRiflessione edi Scambi
inmateria diAttraversamento delle Frontiere 2.InDecember 2009, asaconsequence ofthe entry into force
ediImmigrazione ofthe Lisbon Treaty, COREPER decided toabolish CIREFI and
LT Informacijos, diskusij irkeitimosi duomenimis sien totransfer its functions toFRONTEX.
kirtimo irimigracijos klausimais centras
LV Centrs informcijai, apspriedm unapmaim par
robersoanu unimigrciju
MT entru (I-) ta Informazzjoni, Diskussjoni uSkambji
dwar il-Qsim ta Fruntieri ul-Immigrazzjoni
NL Centrum voor informatie, beraad
engegevensuitwisseling inzake grensoverschrijding
enimmigratie
PL Centrum Wymiany Informacji nt. Przekraczania
GraniciImigracji
PT Centro deInformao, Reflexo eIntercmbio

emmatria dePassagem das Fronteiras eImigrao
RO Centrul deinformare, reflecie ischimb deinformaii
cuprivire latrecerea frontierei iimigraie
SK Centrum pre informcie, diskusiu avmenu voblasti
prekraovania hranc a prisahovalectva
SL Center zapodatke, razprave inizmenjave glede
prekanja meje inpriseljevanja
SV Centrum fr information, diskussion och utbyte
ifrgor som rr passage avgrnser och invandring
NO Senter for informasjon, diskusjon ogutveksling
omgrensepassering oginnvandring
48
A
chain migration
B
BG
CS etzov migrace
Definition
The practice where those who have settled onafamily reuni- C
DE Kettenmigration fication basis can themselves sponsor further family mem-
EL bers, consistent with European Convention onHuman Rights D
ES cadena migratoria (ECHR)obligations.
ET ahelrnne E
FI ketjumaahanmuutto Source
FR migration enchane F
EMN: Family Reunification Study, 2008
GA imirce shlabhril
HU lnc-migrci
IT catena migratoria
Related terms G
family formation
LT grandinin migracija
LV des migrcija
family migration H
family reunification
MT Katina ta migrazzjoni
NL kettingmigratie
right tofamily life I
right tofamily unity
PL migracja acuchowa
PT J
RO migratie inlant Notes
SK reazov migrcia 1.Originally chain migration refers toaprocess inwhich initial K
SL verina migracija movements ofmigrants lead tofurther movements from the
SV kedjemigration same area tothe same area. Inachain migration system, indi- L
NO kjedemigrasjon vidual members ofacommunity migrate and then encourage
orassist further movements ofmigration (see Migration, Citi- M
zenship, Education Glossary).
N
2.Chain migration may also bebased onethnic orfamily ties
with members ofthe same family migrating atdifferent times,
usually with primary wage earners migrating first, followed
O
bysecondary ornon-wage earners. Incountries with more
orless liberal regulations onthe rights ofmigrants tofamily
P
reunification usually inaccordance with international conven-
tions, family reunification asan incidence ofchain migration
Q
explains much ofthe growth inthe total migrant population.
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
49
C BG
CS
DE
Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union

Listina zkladnch prv Evropsk unie
Charta der Grundrechte der Europischen Union
Definition
The formal EUdocument which combines and declares all the val-
ues and fundamental rights ofindividuals (economic and social
EL aswell ascivil and political) towhich Member States are obliged.
ES Carta delos Derechos Fundamentales dela Unin
Europea Source
ET Euroopa Liidu phiiguste harta Derived byEMN from the European Charter ofFundamental Rights
FI Euroopan unionin perusoikeuskirja
FR Charte des droits fondamentaux
Related terms
delUnioneuropenne
European Convention onHuman Rights
GA Cairt umChearta Bunsacha anAontais Eorpaigh
European Union Agency
HU Az Eurpai Uni Alapjogi Chartja
forFundamentalRights
IT Carta dei Diritti Fondamentali dellUnione Europea
human rights
LT ES pagrindini teisi chartija
LV Eiropas Savienbas Pamattiesbu harta
MT Karta tad-Drittijiet Fundamentali tal-Unjoni Ewropea Notes
NL Handvest van degrondrechten van deEuropese Unie 1.The Charter was proclaimed inDecember 2000and became
PL Karta Praw Podstawowych Unii Europejskiej binding inDecember 2009when the Lisbon Treaty came into force.
PT Carta Europeia dos Direitos Fundamentais
RO Carta Drepturilor Fundamentale aUniunii Europene 2.The Charter does not establish new rights, but assembles
SK Charta zkladnch prv Eurpskej nie existing rights that were previously scattered over arange
SL Listina Evropske Unije otemeljnih pravicah ofinternational sources and thus makes them more visible. The
SV Europeiska unionens stadga omde grundlggande Charter reaffirms, with due regard for the powers and tasks
rttigheterna ofthe Union and for the principle ofsubsidiarity, the rights
NO Den europeiske unions pakt omgrunnleggende asthey result, inparticular, from the constitutional traditions
rettigheter (b) / pakta til Den europeiske unionen and international obligations common tothe Member States, the
omgrunnleggjande rettar(n) European Convention for the Protection ofHuman Rights and
Fundamental Freedoms, the Social Charters adopted bythe
Union and bythe Council ofEurope and the case-law ofthe
Court ofJustice ofthe European Union and ofthe European
Court ofHuman Rights.
3.For more information, see: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/

charter/pdf/text_en.pdf
50
A
child
B
BG
CS dt
Definition
Every human being below the age of18years, unless under the C
DE Kind law applicable tothe child, majority isattained earlier.
EL D
ES poblacin infantil Source
ET laps Art.1ofUN Convention onthe Rights ofthe Child E
FI lapsi
FR enfant F
Narrower term
GA leanbh child labour
HU gyermek
IT bambino
G
Related terms
LT vaikas
LV brns
adult H
ageassessment
MT Tifel (Tifla) / Wild
NL kind
minor I
PL dziecko
PT criana Notes J
RO copil 1.There isstill noconcrete, consistent definition ofchild under
SK diea EUlaw. The Lisbon Treaty introduced anobjective for the EUto K
SL otrok promote childrens rights. Moreover the Charter ofFundamental
SV barn Rights ofthe European Union guarantees the protection ofchil- L
NO barn drens rights byEU institutions, aswell asby EUcountries when
they implement EUlaw. For further information, see the web- M
page ofthe DGJustice onthe Rights ofthe Child and Funda-
mental Rights Agency: Developing indicators for the N
protection, respect and promotion ofthe rights ofthe child
inthe European Union, March 2009.
O
2.The term should beused todescribe relationship with other
family members. When referring toan individual and inamore
P
legal context, the term minor should beused.
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
51
C BG
CS
DE
child labour

dtsk prce
Kinderarbeit
Definition
Any work performed byachild which deprives them oftheir
childhood, their potential and their dignity, and that isharmful
EL totheir physical and mental development.
ES trabajo infantil
ET lapstju kasutamine Source
FI lapsity Webpage ofthe ILO International Programme onthe Elimination
FR travail des enfants
ofChild Labour (IPEC)
GA fost leana
HU gyerekmunka
Broader term
IT lavoro infantile
child
LT vaik darbas
LV brnu darbs
MT Taddim ta tfal / ta minorenni //
Related term
forced labour
Sfruttamenttaxogol it-tfal
NL kinderarbeid
PL praca dzieci Notes
PT trabalho infantil 1.The definition does allow for achild towork (e.g. inashop
RO munca pentru copii outside school hours) aslong asit does not conflict with the
SK detsk prca above. Itrefers towork that ismentally, physically, socially
SL delo otrok ormorally dangerous and harmful tochildren and interferes with
SV barnarbete their schooling by:
NO barnearbeid
-- depriving them ofthe opportunity toattend school;
-- obliging them toleave school prematurely; or
-- requiring them toattempt tocombine school attendance

with excessively long and heavy work.
2.The ILO Convention No138specifies 15years asthe age

above which, innormal circumstances, aperson may participate
ineconomic activity. According toArt.32ofthe Charter ofFun-
damentals Rights ofthe European Union, the employment
ofchildren isprohibited. The minimum age ofadmission
toemployment may not belower than the minimum school-
leaving age, without prejudice tosuch rules asmay bemore
favourable toyoung people and except for limited derogations.
3.Not all work done bychildren should beclassified aschild

labour that isto betargeted for elimination. The ILO distin-
guishes between child work and child labour, the latter being
used todescribe the more pejorative part ofchild work,
whereas child work initself could include doing light household
chores and, aslong asit does not affect their health and per-
sonal development orinterfere with their schooling, can actually
have some learning value.
52
A
circular migration
B
BG
CS cirkulan / cirkulrn migrace
-- business persons working inthe EUand wishing tostart
anactivity intheir country oforigin (or inanother third C
DE zirkulre Migration country); and
EL D
ES migracin circular -- doctors, professors orother professionals willing tosupport
ET korduvrnne their country oforigin byconducting part oftheir profes- E
FI kiertomuutto sional activity there.
FR migration circulaire F
GA imirce chiorclach
(b) Circular migration ofpersons residing inathird country
HU krkrs migrci
IT migrazione circolare
G
Circular migration could create anopportunity for persons resid-
LT apykaitin migracija
LV cirkulr migrcija
ing inathird country tocome tothe EUtemporarily for work, H
study, training oracombination ofthese, onthe condition that,
MT Migrazzjoni irkolari
NL circulaire migratie atthe end ofthe period for which they were granted entry, they I
PL migracja cyrkulacyjna must re-establish their main residence and their main activity
PT migrao circular intheir country oforigin. Circularity can beenhanced bygiving J
RO migraie circular migrants the possibility, once they have returned, toretain some
SK okrun migrcia / cirkulrna migrcia form ofprivileged mobility toand from the Member States K
SL krona migracija where they were formerly residing, for example inthe form
SV cirkulr migration ofsimplified admission / re-entry procedures. L
NO sirkulr migrasjon
This category covers awide array ofsituations, spanning the M
Definition whole spectrum ofmigrants, including:
A repetition oflegal migration bythe same person between two N
ormore countries. -- third-country nationals wishing towork temporarily inthe
EU, e.g. inseasonal employment;
O
Source
Communication onCircular Migration and Mobility Partnerships, -- third-country nationals wishing tostudy ortrain inEurope
COM(2007) 248final before returning totheir country;
P
Related terms -- third-country nationals who, after having completed their

Q
brain drain studies, wish tobe employed inthe EU(e.g. astrainees)
brain gain toacquire professional experience which isdifficult R
brain circulation toobtain athome, before returning;
contract migrant worker S
diaspora -- third-country researchers wishing tocarry out aresearch
mobility partnership project inthe EU; T
seasonal worker
-- third-country nationals, who wish totake part inintercul- U
Notes tural people-to-people exchanges and other activities inthe
The two main forms ofcircular migration which could bemost field ofculture, active citizenship, education and youth (such V
relevant inthe EUcontext are: as, for example, training courses, seminars, events, study
visits); W
(a) Circular migration ofthird-country nationals settled inthe EU
-- third-country nationals who wish tocarry out anunremu- X
This category ofcircular migration gives people the opportunity nerated voluntary service pursuing objectives ofgeneral
toengage inan activity (business, professional, voluntary orother) interest inthe EU. Y
intheir country oforigin while retaining their main residence
inone ofthe Member States. This covers various groups, e.g.: Z
53
C BG
CS
DE
citizenship

sttn obanstv
Staatsangehrigkeit, Staatsbrgerschaft
Definition
The particular legal bond between anindividual and their State,
acquired bybirth ornaturalisation, whether bydeclaration, choice,
EL ; marriage orother means according tonational legislation.
ES nacionalidad
ET kodakondsus Source
FI kansalaisuus Art.2(d) of Regulation (EC) No862/2007 (Migration Statistics
FR citoyennet
Regulation)
GA saornacht
HU llampolgrsg
Synonym
IT cittadinanza
nationality
LT pilietyb
LV pilsonba
MT ittadinanza
Narrower terms
acquisition ofcitizenship
NL staatsburgerschap
dual citizenship
PL obywatelstwo
loss ofcitizenship
PT nacionalidade
union citizen
RO cetenie
SK ttne obianstvo / ttna prslunos
SL dravljanstvo Related terms
SV medborgarskap country ofnationality
NO statsborgerskap (b) / statsborgarskap(n) ethnic nationality
Notes
1.Whilst insome Member States adistinction ismade between
citizenship and nationality, inthe EUcontext and for the purpose
ofthis glossary, nodistinction ismade and the two terms are
considered tobe interchangeable. Incountries which distinguish
between citizenship and nationality, the term citizenship refers
specifically tothe legal rights and duties ofnationals. The Euro-
pean Convention onNationality, the International Organisa-
tion for Migration (IOM) Glossary and the EUDO Glossary
onCitizenship and Nationality prefer the term nationality.
2.According toArt.1ofthe Hague Convention onCertain

Questions Relating tothe Conflict ofNationality Law, 1930,
itis for each State todetermine under its own laws who are
itsnationals.
3.The tie ofnationality confers individual rights and imposes

obligations that aState reserves for its population. Nationality
carries with itcertain consequences asregards migration, such
asthe right ofaState toprotect its nationals against violations
oftheir individual rights committed byforeign authorities (par-
ticularly bymeans ofdiplomatic protection), the duty toaccept
its nationals onto its territory, and the prohibition toexpel them.
54
A
civil partnership of convenience
B
BG no translation
CS elov partnerstv
Definition
A civil partnership contracted for the sole purpose ofenabling C
DE Scheinpartnerschaft the person concerned toenter orreside inaMember State.
EL D
ES unin civil deconveniencia Source
ET tsiviilpartnerlus (riigis seadusliku viibimise aluse Derived byEMN from the definition for partnership inArt.16(2b) E
saamiseks) ofCouncil Directive 2003/86/EC (Family Reunification Directive)
FI harhautustarkoituksessa solmittu rekisterity F
parisuhde
Related terms
FR partenariat civil decomplaisance
adoption ofconvenience G
GA pirtnireacht shibhialta ise
falsedeclaration of parenthood
HU nvleges lettrsi kapcsolat
IT unione civile fittizia
marriage ofconvenience H
LT fiktyvi registruota partneryst
LV fiktvas partnerattiecbas I
MT Subija / Unjoni ivili ta konvenjenza
NL schijnpartnerschap J
PL fikcyjny zwizek partnerski
PT K
RO parteneriat (civil) deconvenienta
SK elov registrovan partnerstvo L
SL partnerska skupnost izkoristoljubja
SV skenpartnerskap M
NO proformapartnerskap (b) / proformapartnarskap(n)
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
55
C BG
CS
DE
(civil) war refugee
()
uprchlk zdvodu (obansk) vlky
(Brger-)Kriegsflchtling
Definition
A person who leaves their country toescape from the effects
ofarmed conflicts (direct effects offighting, assaults ofcombat
EL troops, displacements etc.).
ES refugiado por conflictos blicos
ET sjapgenik Source
FI ([sisllis]sota)pakolainen Derived byEMN from the definitions for refugee, person eligi-
FR rfugi deguerre (civile)
ble for subsidiary protection and temporary protection inthe
GA ddeana cogaidh chathartha
EMN Glossary
HU (polgr) hbors meneklt
IT rifugiato acausa diuna guerra civile
Related terms
LT pabglis dl pilietinio karo
de facto refugee
LV [pilsou] kara bglis
displaced person
MT Rifujat(a) minabba gwerra (ivili)
NL [burger]oorlogsvluchteling
subsidiary protection
PL uchodca wojenny
temporary protection
PT refugiados deguerra
RO refugiat derazboi (civil)
SK uteenec zdvodu (obianskej) vojny Notes
SL (civilni) vojni begunec 1.Inaccordance with the EUacquis (notably Directive
SV krigsflykting 2011/95/EU), such aperson could begranted refugee status
NO (borger)krigsflyktning (b) / (borgar)krigsflyktning(n) orsubsidiary protection status, depending onthe grounds
onwhich their application isbased (i.e. depending onwhether
they were compelled toleave asaresult offear ofpersecution
linked toaConvention ground for persecution orserious harm
inthe context ofindiscriminate violence).
2.Ifthere isamass influx tothe EUof such persons who have

been displaced, they may also beeligible for temporary protec-
tion inaccordance with Council Directive 2001/55/EC (Tempo-
rary Protection Directive).
56
A
Committee on Immigration and Asylum
B
BG
CS Vbor pro pisthovalectv aazyl
Definition
A European Commission-led expert group aimed atfacilitating C
DE Ausschuss fr Einwanderung und Asyl aninformal exchange ofviews between Member State adminis-
EL trations and the Commission services onpolitical and legal D
ES Comit deInmigracin yAsilo issues related tomigration, border and asylum.
ET sissernde- javarjupaigakomitee E
FI Maahanmuutto- jaturvapaikka-asioiden komitea Source
FR Comit sur limmigration etlasile F
Developed byEMN
GA An Coiste umInimrice agus Thearmann
HU Bevndorlsi sMenekltgyi Bizottsg
IT Comitato Immigrazione eAsilo
Synonyms G
CIA
LT Imigracijos irprieglobsio komitetas
LV Imigrcijas unpatvruma komiteja
Immigration and Asylum Committee H
MT Kumitat dwar l-Immigrazzjoni ul-Ail
NL Comit voor immigratie enasiel Notes I
PL Komitet ds. Imigracji iAzylu 1.Frequently the CIA discusses upcoming legislative orother pro-
PT Comit Imigrao eAsilo posals inorder tomeasure the temperature ofMember State J
RO Comitetul Imigraie iAzil feelings before submitting aformal Commission proposal.
SK Vbor pre prisahovalectvo aazyl K
SL Odbor zapriseljevanje inazil 2.The CIA isalso used asaforum for collecting information
SV kommittn fr frgor ominvandring och asyl onthe situation inMember States (via questionnaires) L
NO Komiteen for innvandrings- ogasylsprsml onselected policy-relevant issues and where the Commission
can report toMember States onits activities. M
3.Participants from Member States are nominated onan ad-hoc N
basis; normally both generalists from the Permanent Rep-
resentations and specialists from the capitals are present.
Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and international
O
organisations such asUNHCR orIOM are sometimes invited
tojoin discussions ofthe CIA asactive observers.
P
4.For more information, see: http://ec.europa.eu/transparency/

Q
regexpert/index.cfm?do=groupDetail.groupDetail&group
ID=598&NewSearch=1&NewSearch=1 R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
57
C BG
CS
DE
Common Basic Principles

spolen zkladn principy
Gemeinsame Grundprinzipien
Definition
In the context ofEU integration policy, aset of11simple,
non-binding but thoughtful guidelines intended toassist Member
EL States informulating their integration policies.
ES principios bsicos comunes
ET htsed alusphimtted Source
FI yhteiset perusperiaatteet Derived bythe EMN from the European Website onIntegration
FR principes debase communs
and JHA Council Conclusions of19November 2004
GA comhphrionsabail bhunsacha
HU kzs alapelvek
Synonym
IT Principi Comuni diBase
Common Basic Principles for immigrant integration policy
LT bendrieji pagrindiniai principai
LV kopgie pamatprincipi
MT Prinipji Baii Komuni
Broader term
integration
NL gemeenschappelijke basisprincipes
PL Wsplne Podstawowe Zasady
PT princpios bsicos comuns Related terms
host society
RO principii comune debaz
National Contact Points onIntegration
SK spolon zkladn princpy /
spolonzkladnzsady
SL Skupna temeljna naela Notes
SV gemensamma grundprinciper 1.The Common Basic Principles for Immigrant Integration Policy
NO felles grunnleggende prinsipper (b) / inthe EUwere adopted bythe Justice and Home Affairs Council
Fellesgrunnleggjande prinsipp(n) inNovember 2004and form the foundations ofEU initiatives
inthe field ofintegration.
2.The Common Basic Principles offer aguide for Member States

against which they can judge and assess their own efforts. They
can also use these basic principles toset priorities and further
develop their own measurable goals. The principles are relevant
both for Member States with considerable experience ofsub-
stantial immigration aswell asfor those that have more recently
become destinations for significant numbers ofimmigrants.
3.For more information, see the European website onintegra-

tion: http://ec.europa.eu/ewsi/en/EU_actions_integration.cfm
58
A
Common European Asylum System
B
BG
CS Spolen evropsk azylov systm
Definition
A framework ofagreed rules which establish common proce- C
DE Gemeinsames Europisches Asylsystem dures for international protection and auniform status for
EL those who are granted refugee status orsubsidiary protection D
ES Sistema Europeo Comn deAsilo based onthe full and inclusive application ofthe Geneva
ET htne Euroopa varjupaigassteem Convention and which aims toensure fair and humane treat- E
FI Euroopan yhteinen turvapaikkajrjestelm ment ofapplicants for international protection, toharmonise
FR rgime dasile europen commun F
asylum systems inthe EUand reduce the differences between
GA Comhchras Tearmainn Eorpach
Member States onthe basis ofbinding legislation, aswell asto
HU Kzs Eurpai Menekltgyi Rendszer
IT Sistema europeo comune diasilo
strengthen practical cooperation between national asylum G
administrations and the external dimension ofasylum.
LT bendra Europos prieglobsio sistema
LV Kopj Eiropas patvruma sistma
H
MT Sistema Ewropea Komuni gall-Ail
Source
NL Gemeenschappelijk Europees Asielstelsel Derived byEMN from Art.78ofTFEU I
PL Wsplny Europejski System Azylowy
PT Sistema Europeu Comum deAsilo Synonym J
CEAS
RO Sistemul European Comun deAzil
SK Spolon eurpsky azylov systm K
SL Skupni evropski azilni sistem Related terms
Eurasil
SV gemensamt europeiskt asylsystem L
NO Det felles europeiske asylsystemet European Asylum Support Office
minimum standards
M
Lisbon Treaty
N
Notes
According toArt.78ofTreaty ofthe Functioning ofthe European
Union, the Common European Asylum System shall comprise:
O
(a) auniform status ofasylum for nationals ofthird countries,

P
valid throughout the Union;
Q
(b) auniform status ofsubsidiary protection for nationals
ofthird countries who, without obtaining European asylum, are R
inneed ofinternational protection;
S
(c) acommon system oftemporary protection for displaced
persons inthe event ofamassive inflow; T
(d) common procedures for the granting and withdrawing of U

uniform asylum orsubsidiary protection status;
V
(e) criteria and mechanisms for determining which Member
State isresponsible for considering anapplication for asylum W
orsubsidiary protection;
X
(f) standards concerning the conditions for the reception
ofapplicants for asylum orsubsidiary protection; Y
(g) partnership and cooperation with third countries for the Z
purpose ofmanaging inflows ofpeople applying for asylum
orsubsidiary ortemporary protection.
59
C BG
CS
DE
compulsory return

nucen nvrat
zwangsweise Rckfhrung, Zwangsrckfhrung,
Definition
In the global context, obligatory return ofan individual tothe
country oforigin, transit orthird country (i.e. country ofreturn),
erzwungene Rckkehr onthe basis ofan administrative orjudicial act.
EL In the EUcontext, the process of going back whether in volun-
ES retorno forzoso tary or enforced compliance with an obligation to return to:
ET sunnitud tagasiprdumine - ones country oforigin; or
FI pakkopalautus / pakkoon perustuva paluu - a country oftransit inaccordance with EUor bilateral read-
FR obligation deretour
mission agreements orother arrangements; or
GA filleadh igeantach
- another third country, towhich the third-country national
HU ktelez visszatrs
concerned voluntarily decides toreturn and inwhich they will
IT ritorno obbligato
beaccepted.
LT priverstinis grinimas
LV piespiedu atgrieana (EU acquis) / piespiedu
izraidana (national)
Source
MT Ritorn obbligatorju // Ripatrijazzjoni obbligatorja Global context: Derived byEMN from the definition offorced
NL gedwongen terugkeer return inthe IOM Glossary onMigration, 2nd ed., 2011
PL przymusowy powrt EU context: Art.3(3) ofDirective 2008/115/EC (Return Directive)
PT
RO returnare (fortata)/returnare sub escort Synonym
forced return
SK nten nvrat
SL obvezno vraanje
SV tvngsmssigt tervndande Broader term
NO tvangsretur return
Narrower terms
removal
voluntary departure
Related terms
refoulement
voluntary return
Notes
1.Compulsory return is understood as return which occurs once
a return decision has been issued. Art. 3(3) of Directive
2008/115/EC (Return Directive) calls this return (not compul-
sory return) but so as to avoid confusion with the return of

migrants based on their free will and without any direction from
the State, we have named return when occurring in compliance
with a return decision, compulsory return.
2.Outside of EU legislation the term forced return is more com-

monly used and understood as a synonym with compulsory return
i.e. return which occurs in compliance with a return decision.
60
A
contract migrant worker
B
BG
CS smluvn pracovn pohyb
Definition
Person working inacountry other than their own under contrac- C
DE Vertragsarbeitnehmer tual arrangements that set limits onthe period ofemployment
EL / and onthe specific job held bythe migrant. D

ES No translation Synonym E
ET lepinguline vrttaja contract worker
FI maahanmuuttaja, jolla onrajoitettu tynteko-oikeus F
FR travailleur migrant sous contrat
Source
GA oibr imirceach ar conradh
OECD Glossary ofStatistical Terms G
HU szerzdssel rendelkez /
szerzdsesmigrnsmunkavllal
IT lavoratore migrante acontratto
Broader term H
migrant worker
LT migrantas darbuotojas pagal sutart
LV lgumdarbinieks migrants I
MT Migrant addiem bkuntratt tax-xogol Related terms
NL buitenlandse contractarbeider
circular migration J
seasonal worker
PL migrant / pracownik kontraktowy
PT trabalhador migrante por conta deoutrem K
RO lucrator migrant cucontract Notes
SK pracujci migrant sozmluvou nadobu urit 1.Contract migrant workers cannot change jobs without permis- L
SL pogodbeni delavec migrant sion granted bythe authorities ofthe receiving state.
SV no translation M
NO migrant med begrenset arbeidsavtale (b) / 2.This full term isnot commonly used; contract worker, which
migrantmed avgrensa arbeidsavtale(n) does not necessarily apply tomigrants only, ismore common. N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
61
C BG
CS
Convention grounds for persecution
,

dvody pro udlen azylu dle enevsk mluvy
Related terms
Geneva Convention of1951
andProtocolof1967
DE Verfolgungsgrnde (nach) der Genfer Konvention, refugee
Konventionsgrnde
EL Notes
ES motivos depersecucin Convenio deGinebra 1.Not every person who isoutside their own country and has
de1951yProtocolo de1967 awell-founded fear ofpersecution isaConvention refugee. One
ET Genfi konventsioonis stestatud tagakiusamise
ofthe conditions for qualification for refugee status within the
alused
meaning ofArt.1(A) ofthe Geneva Convention isthe existence
FI Geneven yleissopimuksen mukaiset vainon perusteet
ofacausal link between the reasons for persecution, namely race,
FR motifs deperscution ausens dela Convention
religion, nationality, political opinion ormembership ofaparticular
deGenve
social group, and the acts ofpersecution orthe absence ofprotec-
GA forais gharleanna de rir Choinbhinsin na Ginive
tion against such acts. Persecution based onany other ground will
HU
IT cause dipersecuzione exConvenzione diGinevra not beconsidered. The risk ofbeing persecuted may sometimes
LT persekiojimo pagrindai pagal Konvencij arise incircumstances where two ormore Convention grounds
LV envas konvencijas noteiktie vajanas pamati combine inthe same person, inwhich case the combination
MT Motivi gall-persekuzzjoni skont il-Konvenzjoni ofsuch grounds defines the causal connection tothe well-founded
NL gronden voor vervolging inde zin van het fear ofbeing persecuted.
Vluchtelingenverdrag
PL 2.The following definitions come into play when States attempt
PT todetermine who isand who isnot arefugee:
RO motive depersecutie stabilite deConventia
delaGeneva din 1951 -- race isused inthe broadest sense and includes ethnic and
SK dvody prenasledovania poda enevskho dohovoru social groups ofcommon descent;
SL konvencijski razlogi zapreganjanje / razlogi
zapreganjanje poenevski konvenciji iz1951 -- religion also has abroad meaning, including identification
SV konventionsgrunder fr frfljelse with agroup that tends toshare common traditions
NO konvensjonsgrunnene for forflgelse (b) / orbeliefs, aswell asthe active practice ofreligion;
konvensjonsgrunnane for forflging(n)
-- nationality includes anindividuals citizenship. Persecution
ofethnic, linguistic and cultural groups within apopulation
Definition also may betermed persecution based onnationality;
The five enumerated grounds listed inArt.1A(2) ofthe Geneva
Refugee Convention of1951: race, religion, nationality, mem- -- aparticular social group refers topeople who share asimi-
bership ofaparticular social group orpolitical opinion which lar background, habits orsocial status. This category often
must bethe reason for persecution. overlaps with persecution based onone ofthe other four
grounds. Ithas applied tofamilies ofcapitalists, landown-
Source ers, homosexuals, entrepreneurs and former members
Derived byEMN from Art.1A(2) ofthe Geneva Refugee Convention ofthe military;
of1951
-- political opinion refers toideas not tolerated bythe author-
Synonyms ities, including opinions critical ofgovernment policies and
grounds for persecution methods. Itincludes opinions attributed toindividuals even
reasons for persecution ifthe individual does not infact hold that opinion. Individu-
als who conceal their political opinions until after they have
Broader term fled their countries may qualify for refugee status ifthey
persecution can show that their views are likely tosubject them toper-
secution ifthey return home.
62
A
Convention refugee
B
BG
1951.
Definition
Person recognised asarefugee byStates under the criteria C
CS azylant inArt.1A ofthe Geneva Convention of1951, and entitled
DE Konventionsflchtling tothe enjoyment ofavariety ofrights under that Convention. D
EL ( )
ES refugiado (en trminos dela Convencin deGinebra) Source E
ET konventsioonipagulane UNHCR International Thesaurus ofRefugee Terminology
FI Geneven yleissopimuksen mukainen pakolainen F
FR rfugi ausens dela Convention deGenve
Synonym
GA ddeana de rir Choinbhinsin na Ginive
HU konvencis meneklt
recognised refugee G
IT rifugiato exConvenzione diGinevra
LT pabglis pagal Konvencij
Broader terms H
beneficiary ofinternational protection
LV bglis envas konvencijas izpratn
MT Rifujat(a) skont il-Konvenzjoni ta inevra
refugee I
NL verdragsvluchteling
PL uchodca konwencyjny Related terms J
mandate refugee
PT refugiado (na acepo daConveno deGenebra
de1951relativa aos refugiados) refugee status K
relocation
RO refugiat nbaza conveniei dela Geneva
SK uteenec poda enevskho dohovoru L
SL konvencijski begunec /begunec poenevski konvenciji
SV konventionsflykting M
NO konvensjonsflyktning
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
63
C BG
CS
Cooperation Platform on Migration and Development

Platforma pro spoluprci - migrace arozvoj
Definition
A concept inthe framework ofthe Global Approach toMigration
and Mobility whichs bring together migration and development
DE Kooperationsplattform fr Migration und Entwicklung actors inacountry orregion tomanage migration more effec-
EL tively, inthe interests ofall, along specific migratory routes.
ES Plataforma deCooperacin sobre Migracin
yDesarrollo Source
ET rnde jaarenguabi koostplatvorm
Derived byEMN from Annex Iof Communication onthe Global
FI muuttoliikett jakehityst ksittelev
Approach toMigration, COM(2006) 735final and the
yhteistyfoorumi
Communication onthe Global Approach toMigration and
FR Plate-forme decoopration sur lamigration
Mobility, COM(2011) 743final
etledveloppement
GA Clr Comhoibrithe umImirce agus Fhorbairt
HU Egyttmkdsi Platform amigrci sjejleszts
Synonym
cooperation platform
terletn
IT Piattaforma dicooperazione sulla migrazione
elosviluppo Broader term
LT Migracijos irvystymosi bendradarbiavimo platforma
LV sadarbbas platforma par migrciju unattstbu
MT Pjattaforma ta Kooperazzjoni fuq il-Migrazzjoni Related terms
Global Forum on Migration and Development
ul-Ivilupp
migration profile
NL samenwerkingsplatform
PL Platforma Wsppracy narzecz Migracji iRozwoju migration routes initiative
PT plataformas decooperao mobility partnership
RO Platforma decooperare cuprivire laMigratie
sidezvoltare Notes
SK Platforma spoluprce voblasti migrcie arozvoja 1.This concept was proposed inthe 2006Communication
SL Platforma zasodelovanje napodroju migracij onthe Global Approach (COM(2006) 735) and endorsed bythe
inrazvoja December 2006European Council.
SV samarbetsplattform fr migration och utveckling
NO Samarbeidsplattform ommigrasjon ogutvikling 2.Such platforms bring together representatives ofthe country
orcountries concerned with Member States, the Commission and
international organisations.
64
A
Cotonou Agreement
B
BG
CS Dohoda zCotonou
Definition
The Partnership Agreement between the members of the C
DE Cotonou-Abkommen African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) Group of States of the one
EL part and the European Union and its Member States of the other D
ES Acuerdo deCotonou part, in order to promote and expedite the economic, cultural and
ET Cotonou leping social development of the ACP States, with a view to contribut- E
FI Cotonoun sopimus ing to peace and security and to promoting a stable and demo-
FR Accord deCotonou F
cratic political environment.
GA Comhaont Cotonou
HU Cotonou-i Egyezmny
IT Accordo diCotonou
Source G
Cotonou Agreement
LT Kotonu susitarimas
LV Koton nolgums
H
MT Ftehim (Il-) ta Cotonou
Synonyms
NL overeenkomst van Cotonou
ACP-EC Partnership Agreement I
Cotonou Partnership Agreement
PL Porozumienie zCotonou
PT Acordo deCotonou J
RO Acordul Cotonou Related terms
SK Dohoda zCotonou Global Approach to Migration and Mobility K
SL Kotonoujski sporazum Global Forum on Migration and Development
SV Cotonou-avtalet L
NO Cotonou-avtalen Notes
1.The Cotonou Agreement isthe most comprehensive Partner- M
ship Agreement between developing countries and the EU. Itwas
signed on23June 2000inCotonou, Benin asaglobal agree- N
ment, introducing important changes and ambitious objectives
while preserving the acquis of25years ofACP-EC cooperation.
Itwas revised inLuxembourg on25June 2005.
O
2.Art. 13ofthis agreement refers tothe issue ofmigration

P
which shall bethe subject ofin-depth dialogue inthe framework
ofthe ACP-EU Partnership.
Q
3.For more information, see the description ofthe Agreement R

onthe EuropeAid website: https://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/
regions/african-caribbean-and-pacific-acp-region/cotonou- S
agreement_en
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
65
C BG
CS
DE
country of birth

zem narozen
Geburtsland
Definition
The country ofresidence (in its current borders, ifthe informa-
tion isavailable) ofthe mother atthe time ofthe birth or,
EL indefault, the country (in its current borders, ifthe information
ES pas denacimiento isavailable) inwhich the birth took place.
ET snniriik
FI syntymmaa Source
FR pays denaissance
Art.2 (e) ofRegulation (EC) No862/2007 (Migration Statistics
GA tr bhreithe
Regulation)
HU szlets helye szerinti orszg
IT paese dinascita
Related terms
LT valstyb, kurioje gim
country ofnationality
LV dzimanas valsts
country oforigin
MT Art twelidek / Pajjiek
NL geboorteland
PL kraj urodzenia
PT pas denascimento
RO ara denatere
SK krajina narodenia
SL drava rojstva
SV fdelseland
NO fdeland
country of destination
BG Definition
CS clov zem The country that isadestination for migration flows (regular
DE Zielland orirregular).
EL
ES pas dedestino Source
ET sihtriik IOM Glossary onMigration, 2nd. ed. 2011
FI kohdemaa
FR pays dedestination
Related terms
GA tr cinn scrbe (iolra: tortha ceann scrbe)
country oforigin
HU clorszg
country oftransit
IT paese didestinazione
LT tikslo valstyb
LV mra valsts
MT Pajji fid-destinazzjoni
NL land van bestemming
PL kraj docelowy
PT pas dedestino
RO ara dedestinaie
SK cieov krajina
SL ciljna drava
SV destinationsland
NO destinasjonsland
66
A
country of nationality
B
BG
CS zem sttn pslunosti
Definition
The country (or countries) ofwhich aperson holds citizenship. C
DE Land der Staatsangehrigkeit / Staatsbrgerschaft
EL Source D
ES pas denacionalidad Developed byEMN
ET kodakondsusjrgne riik E
FI kansalaisuusvaltio Synonym
FR pays denationalit state ofnationality F
GA tr nisintachta
HU llampolgrsg szerinti orszg
IT paese dicittadinanza
Related terms G
citizenship
LT pilietybs valstyb
LV pilsonbas valsts
country ofbirth H
country oforigin
MT Pajji tan-nazzjonalit
NL land waarvan iemand onderdaan is(syn.: land I
waarvan iemand het staatsburgerschap heeft) Notes
PL pastwo, ktrego obywatelem jest cudzoziemiec 1.Aperson may have adifferent country ofnationality from J
PT pas denacionalidade their country oforigin and / or country ofbirth owing, for exam-
RO ara decetenie ple, tothe acquisition ofcitizenship inacountry different from K
SK krajina ttneho obianstva / krajina ttnej their country ofbirth.
prslunosti L
SL drava katere oseba jedravljan 2.Insome Member States, this term isused inthe context
SV medborgarskapsland ofreturn. M
NO statsborgerskapsland (b) / statsborgarskapsland(n)
N
country of origin O
BG Definition
P
CS zem pvodu The country ofnationality or, for stateless persons, offormer
DE Herkunftsland, Herkunftsstaat habitual residence.
Q
EL
ES pas deorigen Source R
ET pritoluriik Art.2(n) ofDirective 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive)
FI alkupermaa / lhtmaa S
FR pays dorigine
Narrower terms
GA tr thionscnaimh country oforigin information T
HU szrmazsi orszg
safe country oforigin
IT paese diorigine U
LT kilms valstyb
LV izcelsmes valsts
Related terms
MT Pajji tal-oriini
country ofbirth V
country ofnationality
NL land van herkomst
PL kraj pochodzenia
country of return W
PT pas deorigem
RO ara deorigine Note X
SK krajina pvodu A person may have more than one country oforigin.
SL izvorna drava Y
SV ursprungsland
NO opprinnelseslandd (b) / opphavsland(n) Z
67
C BG
CS
DE
country of origin information

informace ozemch pvodu
Herkunftslnderinformation
Definition
Information used bythe Member States authorities toanalyse
the socio-political situation incountries oforigin ofapplicants
EL for international protection (and, where necessary, incountries
ES informacin del pas deorigen through which they have transited) inthe assessment, carried
ET pritoluriigi info out onan individual basis, ofan application for international
FI alkupermaita koskeva tieto / lhtmaatieto protection.
FR information sur lepays dorigine
GA faisnis faoin tr thionscnaimh
Source
HU szrmazsi orszginformci
Derived byEMN from Annex Cof COM(2006) 67final, Art.4 (3a)
IT informazioni sul paese diorigine
ofDirective 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) and
LT informacija apie kilms valstyb
Art.10 (3b) ofDirective 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures
LV izcelsmes valsts informcija
Directive)
MT Informazzjoni dwar il-pajji tal-oriini
NL landeninformatie
PL informacje okraju pochodzenia Synonyms
COI
PT informao sobre pases deorigem
country information
RO informaii din ara deorigine
SK informcie okrajine pvodu
SL podatki oizvorni dravi Broader term
SV landinformation country oforigin
NO landinformasjon
Related term
European Asylum Support Office
Notes
1.All relevant facts asthey relate tothe country oforigin atthe
time oftaking adecision onthe application are used. The rele-
vant facts are obtained from various sources, such asthe Euro-
pean Asylum Support Office (EASO), UNHCR and relevant
international human rights organisations, general public sources
such asreports from (inter)national organisations, governmental
and non-governmental organisations, media, bi-lateral contacts
incountries oforigin, embassy reports including the laws and
regulations ofthe country oforigin and the manner inwhich
they are applied.
2.The information used bythe Member States authorities

ismade available tothe personnel responsible for examining
applications and taking decisions.
3.This information isalso used inter alia for taking decisions

onother migration issues, e.g. onreturn, aswell asby researchers.
4.According toArt.4ofCouncil Regulation (EU) No439/2010,

EASO has taken over responsibility for collecting, preparing, ana-
lysing and disseminating this information. For more information,
see the website ofEASO: http://easo.europa.eu
68
A
country of return
B
BG
CS zem nvratu
Definition
In the EUcontext, athird country towhich athird-country C
DE Rckkehrland national returns.
EL D
ES pas deretorno Source
ET vastuvttev riik EMN:Return migration, 2007 E
FI paluumaa
FR pays deretour F
Related terms
GA tr fillte country oforigin
HU visszatrsi orszg
IT paese diritorno
country oftransit G
LT valstyb, kuri grta
LV atgrieanas valsts (EU acquis) /
Notes H
1.This isnot defined inlegal terms.
izraidanasvalsts(national)
MT Pajji fejn wieed jirritorna /fejn w. imur lura I
NL terugkeerland 2.Inmost cases, itis the country oforigin towhich areturn
PL kraj powrotu ismade, but this definition isused here inorder toindicate J
PT pas deretorno other(possible) destinations, e.g. country oftransit oranother
RO ara dereturnare thirdcountry. K
SK krajina nvratu
SL drava povratka / vrnitve L
SV tervndandeland
NO returland M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
69
C BG
CS
DE
country of transit

tranzitn zem
Transitland
Definition
The country through which migration flows (regular orirregular)
move; this means the country (or countries), different from the
EL country oforigin, which amigrant passes through inorder
ES pas detrnsito toenter acountry ofdestination.
ET transiitriik
FI kauttakulkumaa Source
FR pays detransit
IOM Glossary onMigration, 2nd. ed. 2011
GA tr idirthurais
HU tranzitorszg
Related terms
IT paese ditransito
country ofdestination
LT tranzito valstyb
country oforigin
LV tranztvalsts
country ofreturn
MT Pajji ta tranitu // Pajji liwieed jgaddi minnu
NL transitland (syn.: doorreisland)
PL kraj tranzytowy
PT pas detrnsito
RO ara detranzit
SK tranzitn krajina
SL tranzitna drava
SV transitland
NO transittland
credibility assessment
BG Definition
CS posouzen vrohodnosti; oven vrohodnosti The process ofgathering relevant information from the applicant,
DE Glaubwrdigkeitsprfung, Prfung examining itin the light ofall the information available tothe case
derGlaubwrdigkeit worker, for the purpose ofthe determination ofqualification for
EL refugee status and / or subsidiary protection status.
ES evaluacin dela credibilidad
ET usaldusvrsuse (usutavuse) hindamine Source
FI uskottavuusarviointi
UNHCR: Beyond proof credibility assessment inEU asylum
FR valuation dela crdibilit
systems, 2013
GA measn creidinachta
HU szavahihetsg rtkelse
Related terms
IT valutazione dicredibilit
real risk ofsuffering serious harm
LT patikimumo vertinimas
well-founded fear ofpersecution
LV ticambas novrtjums
MT Evalwazzjoni tal-kredibilit
NL beoordeling van degeloofwaardigheid Notes
PL ocena wiarygodnoci 1.The credibility assessment isalso astep taken inadjudicating
PT anapplication for avisa orother immigration status, inorder
RO evaluarea credibilitatii todetermine whether the information presented bythe applicant
SK preukazovanie dveryhodnosti isconsistent and believable (see the definition credibility
SL ocena zanesljivosti assessment inthe IOM Glossary onMigration, 2nd ed., 2011).
SV trovrdighetsbedmning
NO vurdering avtroverdighet (b) / 2.Credibility isestablished where the applicant has presented
vurderingavtruverd(n) aclaim which iscoherent and plausible, not contradicting gener-
ally known facts, and therefore is, onbalance, capable ofbeing
believed.
70
A
crime against humanity
B
BG
CS zloin proti lidskoti
Definition
Act committed aspart ofawidespread orsystematic attack C
DE Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit directed against any civilian population, with knowledge
EL oftheattack. D
ES crimen contra lahumanidad
ET inimsusevastane kuritegu Source E
FI rikos ihmiskuntaa / ihmisyytt vastaan Art.7ofthe Rome Statute ofthe International Criminal Court
FR crime contre lhumanit F
GA coir igcoinne anchine dhaonna
Related terms
HU emberisg elleni bncselekmny
IT crimine contro lumanit
exclusion clause G
genocide
LT nusikaltimas monikumui
LV noziegums pret cilvci
war crime H
MT Reat kontra l-umanit
NL misdrijf tegen demenselijkheid Notes I
PL zbrodnia przeciwko ludzkoci Crimes against humanity include:
PT crimes contra ahumanidade J
RO crim mpotriva umanitii (a) murder;
SK zloin proti udskosti K
SL zloin proti lovetvu (b) extermination;
SV brott mot mnskligheten L
NO forbrytelse mot menneskeheten (b) / (c) enslavement;
brotsverkmotmenneskeslekta(n) M
(d) deportation orforcible transfer ofpopulation;
N
(e) imprisonment orother severe deprivation ofphysical liberty
inviolation offundamental rules ofinternational law;
O
(f) torture;
P
(g) rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy,
enforced sterilisation, orany other form ofsexual violence
Q
ofcomparable gravity;
R
(h) persecution against any identifiable group orcollectivity
onpolitical, racial, national, ethnic, cultural, religious, gender S
asdefined inparagraph 3, orother grounds that are universally
recognised asimpermissible under international law, inconnec- T
tion with any act referred toin this paragraph orany crime
within the jurisdiction ofthe Court; U
(i) enforced disappearance ofpersons; V
(j) the crime ofapartheid; W
(k) other inhumane acts ofasimilar character intentionally X
causing great suffering, orserious injury tobody orto mental
orphysical health. Y
Z
71
C BG
CS
DE
cross-border worker

peshranin pracovnk; phranin pracovnk
Grenzgnger
Definition
A person who works asan employee orself-employed person
inone Member State but isrecognised asresiding inanother
EL (neighbouring) Member State.
ES trabajador transfronterizo
ET piirilene ttaja Source
FI rajatyntekij Derived byEMN from the definition ofcross-border workers
FR travailleur transfrontalier
byDG Taxation and Customs Union (DG TAXUD)
GA oibr trasteorann
HU hatr menti ingz munkavllal
Synonym
IT lavoratore frontaliero
cross-border commuter
LT darbuotojas, kertantis vidaus sienas
LV prrobeu darba mjs
MT addiem transkonfinali / jaqsam fruntiera
Related term
frontier worker
NL grensarbeider
PL pracownik transgraniczny
PT Notes
RO lucrator transfrontalier 1.Indealing with cross-border issues amultitude ofdefinitions
SK cezhranin pracovnk for the term cross-border worker / commuter exists.
SL ezmejni delavec
SV grnsarbetare 2.The concept ofcross-border workers covers different circum-
NO grensependler (b) / grensependlar(n) stances, depending onwhether one takes the Community mean-
ing (set out, inparticular, inconnection with social security)
orthe various definitions included inbilateral double-taxation
agreements.
3.Where tax isconcerned, bilateral double-taxation agreements

determining the tax arrangements applicable tofrontier workers
use more restrictive definitions which additionally impose aspa-
tial criterion: the fact ofliving and working inafrontier zone.
4.Often cross-border workers and frontier workers are con-

sidered assynonyms. However, cross-border workers are distinct
from frontier workers tothe extent that they donot necessarily
work inthe frontier zone ofthe host country.
72
A
crude rate of net migration
B
BG
CS hrub mra migranho salda
Definition
The ratio ofnet migration plus adjustment during the year tothe C
DE rohe Netto-Migrationsrate average population inthat year.
EL D
ES tasa neta demigracin Source
ET rndesaldo mr Eurostats Concepts and Definitions Database E
FI nettomaahanmuutto tuhatta henke kohden
FR taux brut desolde migratoire F
Related terms
GA garbhrta glanimirce migration flow
HU nemzetkzi migrci nett klnbzete
IT tasso grezzo dimigrazione netta (o saldo migratorio)
net migration G
population stock
LT neto migracija tkstaniui gyventoj
LV migrcijas saldo visprgais koeficients
total migration H
MT Rata bejn wieed uieor ta migrazzjoni netta //
Ratanetta ta migrazzjoni Note I
NL bruto cijfer migratiesaldo The value isexpressed per 1,000inhabitants. The crude rate
PL wspczynnik salda migracji ofnet migration isequal tothe difference between the crude J
PT taxa bruta dosaldo migratrio rate ofincrease and the crude rate ofnatural increase (that is,
RO ata brut demigraie net migration isconsidered asthe part ofpopulation change not K
SK hrub miera istej migrcie / hrub miera attributable tobirths and deaths). Itis calculated inthis way
migranhosalda because immigration oremigration flows are either unknown L
SL splona stopnja neto migracije orthe figures are not sufficiently precise.
SV flyttningsnetto M
NO summarisk nettomigrasjonsrate
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
73
C BG
CS
DE
cultural diversity

kulturn diverzita
kulturelle Vielfalt
Definition
The diversity offorms ofculture inasociety composed of
groups ofpeople from many different cultural backgrounds.
EL
ES diversidad cultural Source
ET kultuuriline mitmekesisus Developed byEMN
FI kulttuurinen moninaisuus / diversitetti
FR diversit culturelle
Related term
GA ilchinelacht chultrtha cultural pluralism
HU kulturlis sokflesg
IT diversit culturale
Notes
LT kultrin vairov
1.The UNESCO Declaration onCultural Diversity reflects the
LV kultras daudzveidba
diverse and pluralist understanding ofculture and defines cul-
MT Diversit kulturali
NL culturele diversiteit tural diversity inArt.1asfollows: Diverse forms ofculture
PL rnorodno kulturowa across time and space which isembodied inthe uniqueness and
PT diversidade cultural plurality ofthe identities ofthe groups and societies making
RO diversitate cultural uphumankind and isasource ofexchange, innovation and cre-
SK kultrna rozmanitos / kultrna diverzita ativity. The scope and definition agreed onin the UNESCO dec-
SL kulturna raznolikost laration were partly retained inthe 2005UNESCO Convention
SV kulturell mngfald onCultural Diversity (UNESCO Convention onthe Protection and
NO kulturelt mangfold (b) / kulturelt mangfald(n) Promotion ofthe Diversity ofCultural Expression), the successive
legally binding Convention, which isalandmark agreement
inmodern international law ofculture and which sets out com-
mon rules, principles and points ofreference for cultural diversity
atthe global level.
2.On18December 2006, the European Community ratified the

UNESCO Convention. Preserving and promoting cultural diversity
are among the Communitys founding principles: they are
enshrined inthe Treaty, under Art.151, and inthe Charter
ofFundamental Rights ofthe European Union, under Art.22.3.
74
A
cultural pluralism
B
BG
CS kulturn pluralismus
Definition
A policy aimed atthe ensuring ofharmonious interaction among C
DE kultureller Pluralismus people and groups with plural, varied and dynamic cultural iden-
EL tities aswell astheir willingness tolive together. D
ES pluralismo cultural
ET kultuuride paljusus Source E
FI kulttuurinen monimuotoisuus / pluralismi Art.2ofUNESCO Universal Declaration onCultural Diversity
FR pluralisme culturel F
GA iolrachas cultrtha
Related terms
HU kulturlis soksznsg
IT pluralismo culturale
culture G
cultural diversity
LT kultrinis pliuralizmas
LV kultras plurlisms
H
MT Pluralimu kulturali
Notes
NL multiculturalisme 1.According tothe UNESCO definition, policies for the inclusion I
PL pluralizm kulturowy and participation ofall citizens are guarantees ofsocial cohesion,
PT pluralismo cultural the vitality ofcivil society and peace. Thus defined, cultural plural- J
RO pluralism cultural / multiculturalitate ism gives policy expression tothe reality ofcultural diversity.
SK kultrny pluralizmus K
SL kulturni pluralizem 2.See also the UNESCO Convention onthe Protection and Pro-
SV kulturell mngfald motion ofCultural Expressions (2005). L
NO kulturell pluralisme
M
N
culture O
BG Definition
P
CS kultura The set ofdistinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and emo-
DE Kultur tional features ofasociety orasocial group encompassing,
Q
EL ;
inaddition toart and literature, lifestyles, ways ofliving
ES cultura
together, value systems, traditions and beliefs. R
ET kultuur
FI kulttuuri
Source S
FR culture
Derived byEMN from the definition inthe UNESCO Universal
GA cultr T
Declaration onCultural Diversity
HU kultra
IT cultura
Related term U
LT kultra
cultural pluralism
LV kultra
MT Kultura
V
NL cultuur
PL kultura W
PT cultura
RO cultura X
SK kultra
SL kultura Y
SV kultur
NO kultur Z
75
D BG
CS
DE
de facto population

de facto obyvatelstvo
De-facto-Bevlkerung /
Definition
A concept under which individuals (or vital events) are recorded
(or are attributed) tothe geographical area where they were
tatschlichanwesendeBevlkerung present (or occurred) ataspecified time.
EL de facto ( )
ES poblacin (de hecho) Source
ET de facto rahvastik (tegelik rahvastik) OECD Glossary ofStatistical Terms
FI de facto -vest
FR population defait
Related term
GA daonra defacto
de jure population
HU npessg (de facto)
IT popolazione defacto
LT de facto gyventoj skaiius
Note
This term islittle used.
LV de facto iedzvotji
MT Popolazzjoni defacto
NL de facto bevolking
PL populacja defacto
PT populao (de facto)
RO populaie (de facto)
SK obyvatestvo defacto / faktick obyvatestvo /
prtomn obyvatestvo
SL de facto prebivalstvo
SV de facto-befolkning
NO tilstedevrende befolkning /de facto befolkning (b) /
folkesetnad tilstades /de facto-folkesetnad(n)
76
A
de facto refugee
B
CS poivatel doplkov ochrany; strpitel Person not recognised asarefugee (within the meaning C
DE De-facto-Flchtling
EL de facto
ofArt.1A ofthe Geneva Convention of1951and Protocol
of1967) and who isunable or, for reasons recognised asvalid, D
ES refugiado defacto unwilling toreturn totheir country oforigin orcountry of
ET de facto pagulane nationality or, ifthey have nonationality, tothe country oftheir E
FI tosiasiallinen pakolainen / de facto -pakolainen habitual residence.
FR rfugi defacto F
GA ddeana defacto
Source
HU de facto meneklt
IT rifugiato defacto
Derived byEMN from IOM Glossary onMigration, 2nd. ed., 2011 G
LT de facto pabglis
LV de facto bglis
Related terms H
(civil)
war refugee
MT Rifujat(a) defacto
NL de facto vluchteling
displaced person I
forced migrant
PL uchodca defacto
PT refugiado defacto humanitarian protection J
RO refugiat defacto
SK uteenec defacto refugee in orbit K
SL de facto begunec
SV de facto-flykting Notes L
NO de facto-flyktning 1.This term isnot defined inlegal terms inthe Member States.
M
2.InDE, this refers toaperson who has not applied for asylum
orwhose asylum application has been rejected, but whose N
removal has been suspended due toconcrete danger oflife,
body orfreedom. For example, apersons stay will betolerated
inDE ongrounds ofhumanitarian law.
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
77
D BG
CS
DE
de jure population

de jure obyvatelstvo
De-jure-Bevlkerung / Familien angehriger,
Definition
A concept under which individuals (or vital events) are recorded
(or are attributed) toageographical area onthe basis ofthe
demUnterhalt gewhrt wird place ofresidence.
EL De jure ( )
ES poblacin (de derecho) Source
ET de jure rahvastik OECD Glossary ofStatistical Terms
FI de jure -vest
FR population dedroit
Related term
GA daonra dejure
de facto population
HU npessg (de jure)
IT popolazione dejure
LT de jure gyventoj skaiius
Note
This term islittle used.
LV de jure iedzvotji
MT Popolazzjoni dejure
NL de jure bevolking
PL populacja dejure
PT populao (de direito)
RO populaie (de drept)
SK obyvatestvo dejure / bvajce obyvatestvo
SL de jure prebivalstvo
SV de jure-befolkning
NO hjemmehrende befolkning /de jure befolkning (b) /
folkesetnad etter bustad / dejure-folkesetnad(n)
dependant
BG Definition
CS rodinn pslunk (osoba blzk, osoba zvisl) A person who has filed anapplication for family reunification
DE zuzugsberechtigter Familienangehriger and who isgranted entry and residence bythe Member State
EL / tostay with alegally resident family member orother.
ES dependiente
ET lalpeetav Source
FI huollettava Developed byEMN
FR personne charge
GA cleithina
Related terms
HU eltartott
family member
IT persona acarico
sponsor
LT ilaikomas asmuo
LV apgdjamais
MT Persuna dipendenti
Note
NL afhankelijk gezinslid For more information, see EMN: Family reunification, 2010.
(verynarrow:persoontenlaste)
PL osoba pozostajca nautrzymaniu
PT dependente / pessoa acargo
RO dependent
SK zvisl osoba
SL vzdrevanec
SV anhrig
NO forsrget person (b) / forsrgd person(n)
78
A
deportation
B
BG Definition
CS nucen nvrat The act ofastate inthe exercise ofits sovereignty inremoving C
DE Abschiebung
EL
an alien from its territory toacertain place after refusal
ofadmission ortermination ofpermission toremain. D
ES expulsin
ET vljasaatmine Source E
FI karkottaminen UNHCR International Thesaurus
FR loignement F
of Refugee Terminology
GA dbirt
HU kitoloncols
IT espulsione/ deportazione
Synonym G
removal
LT deportacija
LV piespiedu izraidana
H
MT Deportazzjoni
Broader term
NL uitzetting
compulsory return I
PL deportacja
PT deportao Related term J
expulsion
RO returnare
SK vyhostenie K
SL odstranitev / deportacija Note
SV utvisning InIE, DE, UK, deportation isdefined inlegislation, whilst inES, L
NO uttransportering NL, PTit isnot used asalegal term and isapplicable only
asageneral concept bythe public, sometimes with anegative M
connotation. Because of this variation, removal is the preferred
term to use. N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
79
D BG
CS
DE
detainee

zajitn cizinec
Hftling
Definition
A person indetention.
EL Source
ES detenido Developed byEMN
ET kinnipeetav
FI siln otettu Related term
FR personne retenue detention
GA duine at choinneil
HU rizetbevett (szemly)
IT detenuto
LT sulaikytasis
LV aizturtais
MT Detenut(a)
NL gedetineerde (vreemdelingenbewaring gestelde
persoon (NL) orpersoon invasthouding / opgesloten
persoon (BE) incase ofreturn)
PL osoba zatrzymana
PT
RO
SK zaisten osoba
SL pripornik
SV frvarstagen person
NO innsatt (b) / innsett(n)
detection of a victim of trafficking in human beings

BG Definition
CS identifikace obti obchodovn slidmi The process ofidentifying apossible situation oftrafficking
DE Erkennung eines Opfers von Menschenhandel inhuman beings.
EL
ES deteccin devctimas detrata deseres humanos Source
ET inimkaubanduse ohvri staatuse tuvastamine Derived byEMN from Varandas, I. & J. Martins: Signalling
FI ihmiskaupan uhrin havaitseminen Identification Integration ofVictims ofTrafficking for Sexual
FR dtection dune victime dela traite des tres humains
Exploitation: Construction ofaGuide, 2007

GA ospartach ginnela aaimsi
HU emberkereskedelem ldozatnak feldertse
Broader term
IT individuazione della vittima ditratta degli
esseriumani
LT prekybos monmis aukos atpainimas
LV cilvku tirdzniecbas upura atpazana
Related term
identification
of a victim of trafficking
MT Sejbien ta vittma fit-traffikar tal-persuni
NL detectie van een slachtoffer van mensenhandel inhuman beings
PL identyfikacja ofiar handlu ludmi
PT
RO identificarea unei victime atraficului defiinte umane
SK zisovanie [odhaovanie] ije osoba obeou
obchodovania sumi
SL zaznava rtve trgovine zljudmi
SV upptckt avoffer fr mnniskohandel
NO identifisering avet offer for menneskehandel (b) /
identifisering aveit offer for menneskehandel(n)
80
A
detention
B
BG Source
CS zajitn Global context: Derived byEMN from the definition ofdetention C
DE Abschiebungshaft
EL ()
inUNESCOs People onthe Move Handbook
EU context: Art.2(h) ofDirective 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception D
ES internamiento Conditions Directive) and Art.26ofDirective 2013/32/EU
ET kinnipidamine (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) E
FI silnotto
FR rtention F
Narrower term
GA coinneil detention facility
HU rizet
IT trattenimento
G
Related terms
LT sulaikymas
LV aizturana
alternative todetention H
detainee
MT Detenzjoni
NL detentie; vreemdelingenbewaring I
(incontextofreturn) Notes
PL detencja / zatrzymanie 1.EUprovisions differentiate between different migration situa- J
PT deteno tions inwhich third-country nationals can bedetained: detention
RO custodie public ofapplicants for international protection, detention inorder topre- K
SK zaistenie vent irregular entry into the territory ofMember States and
SL omejitev gibanja / pripor detention ofirregular migrants involved inreturn proceedings. L
SV frvar
NO forvaring 2.Applicants for international protection may bedetained atany M
stage ofor throughout the asylum process, from the time anini-
Definition tial application ismade upto the point ofremoval ofan unsuc- N
In the global migration context, non-punitive administrative cessful applicant for international protection. According
measure ordered byan administrative orjudicial authority(ies) toArt.18ofDirective 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedure
inorder torestrict the liberty ofaperson through confinement Directive) itis not acceptable todetain aperson solely for the
O
sothat another procedure may beimplemented. reason that they have lodged anapplication for international
In the EUasylum context, confinement (i.e. deprivation ofliberty) protection. Toensure the non-arbitrariness ofdetention and the
P
ofan applicant for international protection byaMember State respect offundamental rights ofapplicants for international
within aparticular place, where the applicant isdeprived oftheir protection, Directive 2013/33/EU introduced anexhaustive list
Q
personal liberty. ofdetention grounds (Art.8) and put inplace anumber ofpro-
cedural guarantees.The Directive also regulates the conditions R
indetention facilities (Art.10).
S
3.Inan EUreturn context, Member States may only detain orkeep
inadetention facility athird-country national who isthe subject T
ofreturn procedures inorder toprepare the return and / or carry
out the removal process, inparticular when: (a) there isarisk U
ofabsconding; or(b) the third-country national concerned avoids
orhampers the preparation ofreturn orthe removal process. Any V
detention shall befor asshort aperiod aspossible and only main-
tained aslong asremoval arrangements are inprogress and exe- W
cuted with due diligence. SeeArt.15 (1) ofDirective 2008/115/
EC (Return Directive). X
4.For further information, see EMN: The use ofdetention and Y
alternatives todetention inthe context ofimmigration poli-
cies, 2014. Z
81
D BG
CS
DE
detention facility

zazen pro zajitn cizinc / zajiovac zazen
Haftzentrum
Definition
In the global context, aspecialised facility used for the deten-
tion ofthird-country nationals inaccordance with national law.
EL () In the EUreturn context, aspecialised facility tokeep indetention
ES centro deinternamiento athird-country national who isthe subject ofreturn procedures
ET kinnipidamisasutus inorder toprepare the return and / or carry out the removal
FI silnottolaitos process, inparticular when: (a) there isarisk ofabsconding;
FR centre dertention
or(b)the third-country national concerned avoids orhampers the
GA ionad coinnela
preparation ofreturn orthe removal process.
HU rztt szlls / fogda
IT struttura ditrattenimento
Source
LT sulaikymo centras
Global context: derived byEMN from Art.16ofDirective
LV aizturanas telpa
2008/115/EC (Return Directive)
MT entru / Failit ta detenzjoni
NL inrichting voor vreemdelingenbewaring Return context: Art.15 (1) ofDirective 2008/115/EC (Return
PL orodek detencyjny Directive)
PT centro deinstalao temporria
RO centru decazare astrinilor luai ncustodie public Synonym
detention centre
SK tvar policajnho zaistenia pre cudzincov (national
law) / zariadenie uren pre zaistenie cudzincov
SL objekt vkaterem seizvaja omejitev gibanja / Broader term
obejktzapripor detention
SV frvarsanlggning
NO forvaringsleir Note
Where aMember State cannot provide accommodation inaspe-
cialised detention facility and isobliged toresort toprison
accommodation, the third-country nationals indetention shall
bekept separated from ordinary prisoners.
82
A
determining authority
B
BG Definition
CS rozhodujc orgn In the context ofinternational protection, any quasi-judicial C
DE Asylbehrde
EL
oradministrative body inaMember State responsible for exam-
ining applications for international protection that iscompe- D
ES autoridad decisoria deasilo tent totake decisions atfirst instance insuch cases.
ET tuvastav asutus E
FI mrittv turvapaikkaviranomainen Source
FR autorit responsable dela dtermination F
Art.2(f) ofDirective 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures
GA dars cinntitheach
Directives)
HU menedkjog irnti krelem elbrlsrt
felelshatsg
G
Synonym
IT autorit responsabile per ilriconoscimento dello
status dirifugiato
determining asylum authority H
LT praym nagrinti irsprendim dl prieglobsio
suteikimo priimti galiota institucija
Related terms I
caseworker in procedures for international
LV atbildg iestde par patvruma pieteikuma
izskatanu protection J
MT Awtorit gat-teid ta deijonijiet dwar l-ail
NL asielbeslissingsautoriteit K
PL organ rozpatrujcy wniosek
PT autoridade responsvel pela deciso (asilo) L
RO autoritatea responsabil cuexaminarea cererii deazil
SK rozhodujci orgn zodpovedn zapreskmanie M
iadosti oudelenie azylu
SL organ odloanja N
SV beslutande myndighet
NO asylmyndighet (b) / asylstyresmakt(n) O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
83
D BG
CS
DE
Dialogue on Mediterranean Transit Migration

Dialog ostedomosk tranzitn migraci
Dialog ber Transitmigration imMittelmeerraum
Definition
An inter-regional intergovernmental consultative forum of
migration officials incountries oforigin, transit and destina-
EL tion along the migration routes inAfrica, Europe and the Middle
ES Dilogo sobre laMigracin deTrnsito East with afocus onirregular and mixed migration, aswell ason
enelMediterrneo migration and development inthe Mediterranean region and
ET Vahemere transiitrnde dialoog beyond, aiming tobuild common understandings and tojointly
FI Vlimeren kauttakulkumuuttoa koskeva vuoropuhelu
develop evidence-based comprehensive and sustainable migra-
FR Dialogue sur lamigration detransit enMditerrane
tion management systems.
GA Idirphl maidir lehImirce Idirthurais trasna
naMenmhara
Source
HU Prbeszd aMediterrn Tranzit Migrcirl
Desciption ofMediterranean Transit Migration (MTM) onthe
IT Dialogo sulla Migrazione diTransito nelMediterraneo
website ofICMPD
LT Migracijos dialogas Viduremio jros regiono tranzitui
LV Vidusjras tranzta migrcijas dialogs
MT Djalogu fuq il-Migrazzjoni ta Tranitu filMediterran Synonym
MTM
NL Dialoog rond Mediterrane transitmigratie
PL Dialog nt. migracji tranzytowych wregionie basenu
Morza rdziemnego Related terms
Africa-EU Migration, Mobility and Employment
PT Dilogo sobre migrao detrnsito noMediterrneo
RO Dialogul cuprivire lamigraia detranzit Partnership
nzonaMediteranei 5+5Dialogue onMigration inthe Western
SK Dialg otranzitnej migrcii vStredomor Mediterranean
SL Dialog osredozemskih tranzitnih migracijah Global Approach toMigration and Mobility
SV no usual translation Global Forum onMigration and Development
NO Dialogen omtransittmigrasjon iMiddelhavet
Notes
1.The MTM Dialogue started in2002and involves numerous part-
cipants from Arab (APS) and European partner states (EPS) aswell
asseven international organisations.The International Centre for
Migration Policy Development (ICMPD) serves asits secretariat.
Initially focusing ontransit migration, the MTM extended its scope
over the years tocover various aspects ofmigration management
inthe Mediterranean region and beyond.
2.The Dialogue onMediterranean Transit Migration isbuilt ontwo

pillars. The first one focuses onenhancing operational cooperation
tocombat irregular migration or, inother terms, onshorter-term

measures toaddress irregular flows. The second pillar deals with
alonger-term perspective byfocusing onaddressing the root
causes ofirregular flows through development cooperation and
abetter joint management ofmigration. These pillars are used
asframeworks for the implementation ofspecific projects but
cross-pillar projects are also put inplace.
84
A
diaspora
B
BG Definition
CS diaspora Individuals and members ofnetworks, associations and commu- C
DE Diaspora
EL
nities, who have left their country oforigin, but maintain links
with their homelands. D
ES dispora
ET diasporaa Source E
FI diaspora IOM Glossary onMigration, 2nd. ed. 2011
FR diaspora F
GA diaspra
Related term
HU diaszpra
IT diaspora
circular migration G
LT diaspora
LV diaspora
Notes H
1.This concept covers more settled expatriate communities,
MT Dijaspora
NL diaspora migrant workers based abroad temporarily, expatriates with the I
PL Diaspora nationality ofthe host country, dual nationals and second- /
PT dispora third-generation migrants. J
RO diaspora
SK diaspra 2.Itis ageneral term, with nolegal definition, which can also K
SL diaspora cover Member State nationals (and immigrants) who feel strong
SV diaspora connections totheir origins. L
NO diaspora
M
N
direct discrimination O
BG Definition
P
CS pm diskriminace A situation inwhich one person istreated less favourably than
DE unmittelbare Diskriminierung another is, has been orwould betreated inacomparable situa-
Q
EL tion ongrounds ofracial orethnic origin.
ES discriminacin directa R
ET otsene diskrimineerimine Source
FI vlitn syrjint Art.2(a) ofCouncil Directive 2000/43/EC (Racial Equality Directive) S
FR discrimination directe
GA idirdheal dreach
Broader term T
HU kzvetlen diszkriminci
principle ofequal treatment
IT discriminazione diretta U
LT tiesiogin diskriminacija
LV tiea diskrimincija
MT Diskriminazzjoni diretta
V
NL directe discriminatie
PL dyskryminacja bezporednia
W
PT discriminao directa
RO discriminare direct X
SK priama diskrimincia
SL neposredna diskriminacija Y
SV direkt diskriminering
NO direkte diskriminering Z
85
D BG
CS
DE
displaced person

vysdlen osoba
Vertriebener
Definition
In the EUcontext, athird-country national orstateless person
who has had toleave their country orregion oforigin, orhas been
EL evacuated, particularly inresponse toan appeal byinternational
ES poblacin desplazada organisations, and isunable toreturn insafe and durable condi-
ET mberasustatud isik tions because ofthe situation prevailing inthat country, who may
FI siirtymn joutunut henkil fall within the scope ofArt.1A ofthe Geneva Convention of
FR personne dplace
1951 orother international ornational instruments giving inter-
GA duine easitithe
national protection, inparticular:
HU lakhelyt elhagyni knyszerlt szemly
(i) aperson who has fled areas ofarmed conflict orendemic
IT sfollato
violence;
LT perkeltasis asmuo
(ii) aperson atserious risk of, orwho has been the victim of,
LV prvietota persona
systematic orgeneralised violations oftheir human rights.
MT Persuna sfollata // maqluga minn darha //
likellhatalli darha
NL ontheemde Source
PL osoba przesiedlona Art.2(c) ofCouncil Directive 2001/55/EC (Temporary Protection
PT deslocado Directive)
RO persoan strmutat
SK vysdlen osoba / vysdlenec (EU acquis) / Broader term
oddenec(national law) forced migrant
SL razseljena oseba
SV frdriven person Narrower terms
NO fordrevet person (b) / fordriven person(n) environmentally displaced person
internally displaced person
Related terms
(civil)
war refugee
de facto refugee
displacement
refugee
86
A
dual citizenship
B
BG Definition
CS dvoj obanstv The simultaneous possession oftwo ormore citizenships bythe C
DE Doppelte Staatsangehrigkeit/ Staatsbrgerschaft,
Doppelstaatigkeit
same person.
D
EL Source
ES doble nacionalidad Derived byEMN from Art.2b ofthe European Convention E
ET topeltkodakondsus onNationality
FI monikansalaisuus F
FR double nationalit
Synonyms
GA dshaornacht
HU llampolgrsg (tbbes)
multiple citizenship G
multiple nationality
IT doppia cittadinanza
LT keli valstybi pilietyb
H
LV dubult pilsonba
Broader term
MT ittadinanza doppja
citizenship I
NL meervoudige nationaliteit
(NLsyn.:meervoudigstaatsburgerschap) J
PL podwjne obywatelstwo
PT dupla nacionalidade K
RO cetatenie dubla / multipla
SK dvojit ttne obianstvo / dvojit ttna prslunos L
(dual citizenship) / viacnsobn ttne obianstvo /
viacnsobn ttna prslunos (multiple citizenship) M
SL dvojno dravljanstvo
SV dubbelt medborgarskap N
NO dobbelt statsborgerskap (b) / dobbel statsborgarskap(n)
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
87
D BG
CS
DE
Dublin Convention

Dablinsk mluva
Dubliner bereinkommen
Definition
Convention determining the Member State responsible for exam-
ining anapplication for asylum lodged inone ofthe Member
EL States ofthe European Union.
ES Convenio deDubln
ET Dublini konventsioon Source
FI Dublinin yleissopipus Dublin Convention
FR Convention deDublin
GA Coinbhinsin Bhaile tha Cliath
Related terms
HU Dublini Egyezmny
Dublin procedure
IT Convenzione di Dublino
Dublin Regulation
LT Dublino konvencija
Dublin transfer
LV Dublinas konvencija
Eurodac
MT Konvenzjoni (Il-) ta Dublin
transfer order
NL Overeenkomst van Dublin
PL Konwencja Dubliska
PT Conveno de Dublin Notes
RO Convenia Dublin 1.The Dublin Convention was signed inDublin, Ireland
SK Dublinsk dohovor on15June 1990, and first came into force on1September
SL Dublinska konvencija 1997for the first 12signatories. The Treaty has been extended
SV Dublinkonventionen toother Member States and some countries outside the Union.
NO Dublin-konvensjonen
2.The Dublin Convention was replaced byCouncil Regulation
No343/2003 (Dublin IIregulation). Its validity ended on
16March 2003.
Dublin procedure
BG / Definition
, The process ofdetermining the Member State responsible for
examining anasylum application lodged inone ofthe Member
States byathird-country national under Regulation (EU)
CS dublinsk zen No604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation).
DE Dublin-Verfahren
EL Source
ES Procedimiento deDublin Derived byEMN from Art.20ofRegulation (EU) No604/2013
ET Dublini menetlus
(Dublin III Regulation)

FI Dublin-menettely
FR procdure deDublin
Related terms
GA ns imeachta Bhaile tha Cliath
Dublin Convention
HU Dublini eljrs
Dublin Regulation
IT procedura Dublino
Dublin transfer
LT procedra pagal Dublino reglament
Eurodac
LV Dublinas procedra
transfer order
MT Proedura (Il-) ta Dublin
NL Dublinprocedure
PL procedura dubliska
PT
RO procedura Dublin
SK dublinsk konanie
SL Dublinski postopek
SV Dublinprocess
NO Dublin-prosedyren
88
A
Dublin Regulation
B
BG Definition
CS Nazen Dublin III Regulation which lays down the criteria and mechanisms for deter- C
DE Dublin-Verordnung
EL
mining the Member State responsible for examining anapplication
for international protection lodged inone ofthe Member States D
ES Reglamento deDubln byathird-country national orastateless person.
ET Dublini mrus E
FI Dublin-asetus Source
FR Rglement deDublin F
Regulation (EU) No604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation)
GA Rialachn Bhaile tha Cliath
HU dublini rendelet
IT Regolamento diDublino
Related terms G
asylum shopping
LT Dublino reglamentas
LV Dublinas regula
Dublin Convention H
Dublin procedure
MT Regolament (Ir-) ta Dublin
NL Dublinverordening
Dublin transfer I
Eurodac
PL Rozporzdzenie Dubliskie
PT Regulamento deDublin transfer order J
RO Regulamentul Dublin
SK Dublinsk nariadenie K
SL Dublinska Uredba
SV Dublinfrordningen L
NO Dublin-forordningen (b) / Dublin-forordninga(n)
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
89
D BG
CS
Dublin transfer
/

dublinsk transfer
Definition
(a) The transfer of responsibility for the examination of the mer-
its of an application for international protection from one
DE bertragung der Zustndigkeit / Dublin-berstellung Member State to another Member State.
EL (b) The (physical) transfer of an applicant to the Member State
ES who is considered to be responsible for examining the merits of
ET Dublini leandmine an application following a Dublin procedure.
FI Dublinin asetuksen mukainen siirto
FR Transfert Dublin
Source
GA aistri Bhaile tha Cliath
(a)Derived by EMN from Art. 17(2) and 19(1) of Regulation (EU)
No 604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation)
IT trasferimento degli obblighi dello Stato competente
(b)Derived by EMN from Art. 29 of Regulation (EU) No 604/2013
nella procedura Dublino
(Dublin III Regulation)
LT perdavimas pagal Dublino reglament
LV personas prstana Dublinas regulas ietvaros
MT Trasferiment skont il-proedura ta Dublin Narrower term
transfer order
NL Dublinoverdracht
PL przekazanie dubliskie
PT Related terms
Dublin Convention
RO
SK dublinsk transfer Dublin procedure
SL Dublinski transfer / Dublinski prenos Dublin Regulation
SV Dublinverfring transfer order
NO Dublin-overfring (av ansvar)
Notes
1.The determination ofthe Member State responsible for exam-
ining anapplication for international protection isdone onthe
basis ofobjective and hierarchical criteria, aslaid out inChapter
III ofRegulation (EU) No604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation).
2.For more information onthe Dublin Regulation, see the

description ofpolicy onthe examination ofapplications for asy-
lum onthe DGHOME website.
90
A
durable solutions
B
BG Definition
CS trval een Any means bywhich the situation ofrefugees can besatisfactorily C
DE dauerhafte Lsung
EL
and permanently resolved toenable them tolive normal lives.
D
ES soluciones duraderas Source
ET psivad lahendused UNHCR Master Glossary ofTerms E
FI kestvt ratkaisut
FR solutions durables F
Related term
GA buanritigh; ritigh mharthanacha (uatha: resettlement
buanriteach; riteach marthanach)
HU a fenntarthatsgot szolgl intzkedsek
G
Note
IT soluzione durevole
LT ilgalaikiai sprendimai
The UNHCR traditionally pursues the durable solutions ofvolun- H
tary repatriation, local integration and resettlement.
LV ilgtspjgi risinjumi
MT Soluzzjonijiet dewwiema / lijibqgu fis-se I
NL duurzame oplossing
PL trwae rozwizania J
PT
RO solutii durabile K
SK trval rieenia / trvcne rieenia
(depending on the context) L
SL trajne reitve
SV hllbara lsningar M
NO varige lsninger (b) / varige lysingar(n)
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
91
E BG
CS
DE
Eastern Partnership

Vchodn partnerstv
stliche Partnerschaft
Definition
An institutionalised forum for EUcooperation with its Eastern
neighbours whose main goal isto create the necessary condi-
EL tions toaccelerate political association and further economic
ES Asociacin Oriental integration.
ET idapartnerlus
FI itinen kumppanuus Source
FR Partenariat oriental
Website ofthe European Neighbourhood Policy
GA Comhphirtocht anOirthir
HU Keleti Partnersg
Synonyms
IT Partenariato Orientale
EAP
LT Ryt partneryst
Sderkping Process
LV Austrumu partnerba
MT Subija mal-Lvant
NL Oostelijk Partnerschap Broader term
PL Partnerstwo Wschodnie
PT parceria oriental
RO Parteneriatul Estic Related terms
Black Sea Synergy
SK Vchodn partnerstvo
SL Vzhodno partnerstvo Euro-Mediterranean Partnership
SV stra partnerskapet
NO Det stlige partnerskapet (b) / Notes
Detaustlegepartnarskapet(n) 1. Within the context ofthe Eastern Partnership Platform 1
(democracy, good governance and stability), the Eastern Partner-
ship Panel onMigration and Asylum (EaP) was created in2011.
The overall objective ofthe Panel isto strengthen the asylum
and migration systems ofEastern partners and advance the
dialogue onmigration and asylum issues between the Eastern
partners and the EU, aswell asamongst the Eastern partners.
2.The precursor ofthe EaP was the Sderkping Process, which

was launched inMay 2001asacross-border cooperation
onasylum and migration inorder torespond tonew challenges
due tothe EUs enlargement eastwards. With the establishment
ofthe Panel onMigration and Asylum within the Eastern
Partnerships Platform 1, the work ofthe Sderkping Process
isbeing carried onwithin the multilateral dimension ofthe
Eastern Partnership.
3.For more information, see the website ofthe EAP:

http://eapmigrationpanel.org/page39964.html
92
A
economic migrant
B
BG Definition
CS ekonomick migrant A person who leaves their country oforigin purely for economic C
DE Migrant aus wirtschaftlichen Grnden, reasons that are not inany way related tothe refugee definition,
Wirtschaftsmigrant inorder toseek material improvements intheir livelihood. D
EL
ES
ET
persona migrante por motivos econmicos
majandusmigrant
Source E
UNHCR Master Glossary ofTerms
FI taloudellisten syiden vuoksi muuttava henkil F
FR migrant conomique
Synonym
GA imirceach eacnamaoch
HU gazdasgi migrns
economic refugee G
IT migrante economico
LT ekonominis migrantas
Broader term H
migrant
LV ekonomiskais migrants
MT Migrant(a) gal raunijiet ekonomii I
NL economische migrant Narrower terms
PL migrant ekonomiczny guest worker J
migrant worker
PT migrante econmico
RO migrant economic K
SK ekonomick migrant Related terms
SL ekonomski migrant economic migration L
SV ekonomisk migrant managed migration
NO konomisk migrant M
Notes
1.Economic migrants donot fall within the criteria for refugee N
status and are therefore not entitled tobenefit from interna-
tional protection asrefugees.
O
2.Economic migrants are sometimes referred toas economic
refugees, but this isamisuse ofthe term refugee.
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
93
E BG
CS
DE
economic migration

ekonomick migrace
Wirtschaftsmigration, Migration
Definition
Migration mainly for economic reasons orin order toseek mate-
rial improvements tolivelihood.
auswirtschaftlichenGrnden
EL Source
ES migracin econmica Derived by EMN from UNHCR Master Glossary of Terms
ET majandusrnne
FI taloudellisista syist tapahtuva maahanmuutto
Broader term
FR migration conomique migration
GA imirce eacnamaoch
HU gazdasgi (cl) migrci
Narrower term
IT migrazione economica
labour migration
LT ekonomin migracija
LV ekonomisk migrcija
MT Migrazzjoni gal raunijiet ekonomii Related terms
economicmigrant
NL economische migratie
forced
migration
PL migracja ekonomiczna
managed migration
PT migrao econmica
RO migraie economic
SK ekonomick migrcia
SL ekonomska migracija
SV ekonomisk migration
NO konomisk migrasjon
emigrant
BG Definition
CS vysthovalec; emigrant In the global context, aresident (national oralien) departing
DE Abwanderer, Auswanderer, Emigrant orexiting from one State intending toremain abroad for
EL / aperiod exceeding one year.
ES emigrante In the EUcontext, aperson who, having previously been usually
ET vljarndaja resident inthe territory ofaMember State, ceases tohave their
FI maastamuuttaja / siirtolainen usual residence inthat Member State for aperiod that is, oris
FR migrant expected tobe, ofat least 12months.
GA eisimirceach
HU emigrns
Source
IT emigrante
Global context: UNRecommendations on Statistics ofInternational
LT emigrantas
Migration
LV emigrants
EU context: Art.2(c) and (g) ofRegulation (EC) No862/2007
MT Emigrant(a)
(Migration Statistics Regulation)
NL emigrant
PL emigrant
PT emigrante
Broader term
migrant
RO emigrant
SK vysahovalec (national law) / emigrant
SL izseljenec /emigrant Related terms
immigrant
SV utvandrare
emigration
NO utvandrer
short-term migrant
Note
National legislation might understand different time limits
intheir definitions.
94
A
emigration
B
BG Definition
CS vysthovalectv; emigrace In the global context, the act ofdeparting orexiting from one C
DE Abwanderung, Auswanderung, Emigration State with the intention toremain abroad for aperiod exceeding
EL / one year. D
ES emigracin
ET
FI
vljarnne
maastamuutto
In the EUcontext, the action bywhich aperson, having previ-
ously been usually resident inthe territory ofaMember State, E
ceases tohave their usual residence inthat Member State or
FR migration F
another Member State for aperiod that is, oris expected tobe,
GA eisimirce
ofat least 12months.
HU emigrci/ kivndorls
IT emigrazione
G
Source
LT emigracija
LV emigrcija
Global context: UNRecommendations onStatistics ofInternational H
Migration
MT Emigrazzjoni
NL emigratie EU context: Art.2(c) ofRegulation (EC) No862/2007 (Migration I
PL emigracja Statistics Regulation)
PT emigrao J
RO emigraie Broader term
SK vysahovalectvo (national law) / emigrcia migration K
SL izselitev /emigracija
SV utvandring Related terms L
NO utvandring emigrant
immigration
M
N
employee
O
BG Definition
CS zamstnanec Worker holding anexplicit orimplicit employment contract, which
P
DE Arbeitnehmer gives them abasic remuneration that isnot directly dependent
EL ; upon the revenue ofthe unit for which they work.
Q
ES empleado
ET ttaja Source R
FI tyntekij ILO Thesaurus, 6th ed., 2008
FR salari S
GA fosta Related terms
HU alkalmazott / munkavllal employer T
IT occupato employment
LT darbuotojas self-employed person U
LV darba mjs / darbinieks
MT Impjegat(a) V
NL werknemer
PL pracownik
PT empregado
W
RO angajat
SK zamestnanec X
SL zaposleni / delavec
SV anstlld Y
NO ansatt (b) / tilsett(n)
Z
95
E BG
CS
DE
employer

zamstnavatel
Arbeitgeber
Definition
Any natural person orany legal entity, including temporary work
agencies, for orunder the direction and / or supervision ofwhom
EL the employment isundertaken.
ES empleador
ET tandja Source
FI tynantaja Art.2(d) ofDirective 2009/52/EC (Employer Sanctions Directive)
FR employeur
GA fostir
Related terms
HU munkltat
employee
IT datore dilavoro
employment
LT darbdavys
self-employed person
LV darba devjs
MT Min iaddem // Min jimpjega
NL werkgever
PL pracodawca
PT empregador
RO angajator
SK zamestnvate
SL delodajalec
SV arbetsgivare
NO arbeidsgiver (b) / arbeidsgjevar(n)
employer sanction
BG Definition
CS sankce aopaten vi zamstnavatelm In the context ofmigration, penalties, including fines, repay-
DE Arbeitgebersanktion, Sanktion gegen einen ments tovictims / the State and incarceration, imposed
Arbeitgeber onemployers bythe Member State for breaking employment
EL and / or migration rules.
ES sancin alempleador
ET sanktsioonid tandjale Source
FI tynantajalle mrttv seuraamus
Derived byEMN from Art.5and 7ofCouncil Directive 2009/52/EC
FR sanction lencontre dun employeur
(Employers Sanctions Directive)

GA smachtbhanna inaghaidh fostra
HU munkltatk elleni szankcik
Related terms
IT sanzione nei confronti del datore dilavoro
illegal
employment of an illegally staying
LT sankcijos darbdaviui
third-country national
LV darba devjam piemrojams sankcijas
MT Sanzjoni fuq min iaddem / jimpjega
NL sancties tegen werkgevers
PL sankcja wobec pracodawcy
PT
RO sanciune aplicat angajatorului
SK sankcie voi zamestnvateovi
SL sankcije zoper delodajalca
SV sanktion mot arbetsgivare
NO sanksjon mot arbeidsgiver (b) /
sanksjonmotarbeidsgjevar(n)
96
A
employment
B
BG Definition
CS zamstnn The exercise ofactivities covering whatever form oflabour C
DE Beschftigung orwork regulated under national law orin accordance with
EL established practice for orunder the direction and / or supervi- D
ES empleo
ET
FI
ttamine
tynteko
sion ofan employer.
E
Source
FR emploi F
Art.2 (c) ofCouncil Directive 2009/52/EC (Employer Sanctions
GA fostaocht
Directive)
HU foglalkoztats
IT lavoro
G
Related terms
LT darbas / uimtumas
LV nodarbintba
employee H
employer
MT Impjieg
NL tewerkstelling
occupation I
PL zatrudnienie
PT emprego J
RO angajare
SK zamestnanie K
SL zaposlitev
SV anstllning L
NO sysselsetting (b) / sysselsetjing(n)
M
N
enforcement measure O
BG Definition
P
CS vkonn opaten Any measure taken bythe enforcing Member State with aview
DE Vollstreckungsmanahme toimplementing anexpulsion decision.
Q
EL ;
ES medida deejecucin Source R
ET sunnimeede Art.2(c) ofCouncil Directive 2001/40/EC (Expulsion Directive)
FI tytntnpanotoimenpide S
FR mesure dexcution
Related terms
GA beart forfheidhmichin expulsion T
HU vgrehajtsi intzkeds
expulsion decision
IT misura diesecuzione U
return decision
LT vykdymo priemon
LV izpildes paskums
MT Miura ta infurzar
Note V
NL uitvoeringsmaatregel In IE and UK this term is used in a more global sense, refering to
PL rodek wykonawczy any action that is taken to enable the implementation of the immi- W
PT medida deexecuo gration law including all forms of removal.
RO msur deaplicare X
SK vykonvacie opatrenie
SL ukrep zauveljavitev / ukrep zaizvritev Y
SV verkstllighetstgrd
NO iverksettelsestiltak (b) / iverksetjingstiltak(n) Z
97
E BG
CS
DE
entry ban

zkaz vstupu
Einreiseverbot
Definition
An administrative orjudicial decision oract prohibiting entry into
and stay inthe territory ofthe Member States for aspecified
EL period, accompanying areturn decision.
ES prohibicin deentrada
ET sissesidukeeld Source
FI maahantulokielto Art.3(6) ofCouncil Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive)
FR interdiction duterritoire
GA toirmeasc ariontril
Synonym
HU beutazsi tilalom
re-entry ban
IT divieto diingresso
LT draudimas atvykti
LV ieceoanas aizliegums
MT Dul mimum // Inibizzjoni fuq id-dul
NL inreisverbod
PL zakaz wjazdu
PT interdio deentrada
RO interdicie deintrare
SK zkaz vstupu
SL prepoved vstopa
SV inresefrbud
NO innreiseforbud (b) / innreiseforbod(n)
98
A
environmentally displaced person
B
BG Definition
CS enviromentln uprchlk A person subject toforced migration asaresult ofsudden, C
DE Umweltvertriebener drastic environmental changes.
EL D
( ) Source
ES
ET
poblacin desplazada por motivos medioambientales
keskkonnaphjustel mberasustatud isik
Derived byEMN from the definition for environmental refugee E
inthe UNHCR International Thesaurus ofRefugee Terminology
FI ympristtekijiden vuoksi siirtymn joutunut F
FR personne dplace pour des raisons
Synonyms
environnementales
environmental refugee G
GA duine easitithe de dheasca dla comhshaoil
environmentally-driven migrant
HU lakhelyt krnyezeti okbl elhagyni
knyszerltszemly
H
IT sfollato per motivi ambientali
Broader term
LT perkeltasis asmuo dl ekologini prieasi
displaced person I
LV vides faktoru ietekm prvietota persona
MT Persuna sfollata gal raunijiet ambjentali Related term J
NL door milieufactoren verdreven ontheemde
(notcommonly used inNL) K
PL osoba przesiedlona zpowodu rodowiska Note
naturalnego Environmentally displaced persons are sometimes referred toas L
PT deslocado ambiental environmental refugees, but this isamisuse ofthe term refu-
RO persoan strmutat din cauze legate gee asthey are not refugees inthe strict sense ofArt.1A ofthe M
demediulnconjurtor Geneva Convention of1951, although their migration isforced.
SK osoba vysdlen zenvironmentlnych dvodov N
SL okoljsko razseljena oseba
SV frdriven person (p grund avmiljkatastrof) O
NO person fordrevet pgrunn avmiljskader (b) /
personfordriven pgrunn avmiljskadar(n)
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
99
E BG
CS
DE
ethnic cleansing

etnick istka
ethnische Suberung
Definition
Rendering anarea ethnically homogeneous byusing force
orintimidation toremove from agiven area persons ofanother
EL ethnic orreligious group, which iscontrary tointernational law.
ES limpieza tnica
ET etniline puhastus Source
FI etninen puhdistus UN Security Council: Final Report ofthe Commission ofExperts
FR nettoyage ethnique
established Pursuant toSecurity Council Resolution 780, 1992
GA glanadh eitneach
HU etnikai tisztogats
Related term
IT pulizia etnica
genocide
LT etninis valymas
LV etnisk trana
MT Tindif etniku
Notes
NL etnische zuivering 1.General Assembly resolution 47/121referred inits Pream-
PL czystki etniczne ble tothe abhorrent policy ofethnic cleansing.
PT limpeza tnica
RO purificare etnic 2.Trial Chamber Judgment of2August 2001ofthe Interna-
SK etnick istky tional Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) has
SL etnino ienje observed, while there are obvious similarities between agenocidal
SV etnisk rensning policy and the policy commonly known asethnic cleansing, yet
NO etnisk rensing (b) / etnisk reinsing(n) [a] clear distinction must bedrawn between physical destruction
and mere dissolution ofagroup. The expulsion ofagroup orpart
ofagroup does not initself suffice for genocide.
3.These legal documents thus state that crimes committed dur-

ing anethnic cleansing are similar tothose ofgenocide, but
while genocide includes anintent atcomplete orpartial destruc-
tion ofthe target group, ethnic cleansing may involve murder
only tothe point ofmobilising the target group out ofthe terri-
tory. Hence, there may bevaried degrees ofmass murder inan
ethnic cleansing, often subsiding when the target group appears
tobe leaving the desired territory, while during genocide the
mass murder isubiquitous and constant throughout the process,
continuing even while the target group tries toflee.
100
A
ethnic nationality
B
BG Definition
CS nrodnost A synonym ofethnicity ornationality, used insome Member C
DE ethnische Zugehrigkeit States inaddition tocitizenship.
EL D
ES origen tnico Source
ET
FI
rahvus
etninen tausta
Towards Harmonised European Statistics onInternational E
Migration (THESIM) project
FR origine ethnique F
GA nisintacht eitneach
Synonyms
HU nemzetisg
IT nazionalit etnica
ethnicity G
nationality
LT tautyb / etnin kilm
LV tautba
H
MT Nazzjonalit etnika
Related terms
NL etniciteit
citizenship I
minority
(syn.:etnischeachtergrond,etnischeafkomst)
PL narodowo etniczna J
PT origem tnica Notes
RO naionalitate/ origine etnic 1.Ethnic nationality isoften aself-declared adhesion toaspe- K
SK nrodnos cific ethnic group and this information iscollected atacensus
SL nacionalna pripadnost / etnina pripadnost but also sometimes inadministrative registration. L
SV tillhrighet till etnisk grupp
NO etnisk tilhrighet (b) / etnisk tilhyrsle(n) 2.This concept should not beconfused with citizenship. M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
101
E BG
CS
DE
EU acquis
EC
acquis EU
EU-Besitzstand
Definition
The body ofcommon rights and obligations that isbinding onall
EUMember States and that isconstantly evolving, which
EL comprises:
ES acervo comunitario - the content, principles and political objectives ofthe Treaties;
ET Euroopa Liidu igustik - legislation adopted pursuant tothe Treaties and the case law
FI EU:n snnst ofthe Court ofJustice;
FR acquis communautaire
- declarations and resolutions adopted bythe Union;
GA acquis (fgtha saLaidin Fhraincis ileaganacha
- instruments under the Common Foreign and Security Policy;
Gaeilge dereachtaocht nahEorpa)
- instruments under Justice and Home Affairs;
HU EU Kzssgi vvmnyok
- international agreements concluded bythe European Union
IT acquis UE
and those entered into byits Member States among them-
LT ES acquis
selves within the sphere ofthe Unions activities.
LV ES acquis
MT Acquis (L-) Komunitarju
NL gemeenschapsrecht Source
PL acquis UE DG Home e-Library Glossary
PT acquis UE
RO acquis a UE Synonym
acquis
SK prvo Eurpskej nie / prvo E(national law) /
acquis E/ sbor prvnych predpisov E
SL acquis EU Narrower term
SV unionens regelverk asylum acquis
NO EU-rettsregler (b) / EU-rettsreglar (n)
Note
The term isused inthe context ofasylum and migration and
refers toall rights and obligations that are binding onEU Mem-
ber States with regard toasylum and migration.
102
A
EU Blue Card
B
BG Definition
CS Modr karta EU The authorisation bearing the term EU Blue Card entitles its C
DE Blaue Karte EU holder toreside and work inthe territory ofaMember State
EL .. under the terms ofCouncil Directive 2009/50/EC (Blue Card D
ES tarjeta azul UE
ET
FI
Euroopa Liidu sinine kaart
EU:n sininen kortti
Directive).
E
Source
FR carte bleue europenne F
Art.2(c) ofCouncil Directive 2009/50/EC (Blue Card Directive)
GA crta gorm anAE
HU EU kk krtya
IT Carta blu UE
Related terms G
highly qualified employment
LT ES mlynoji kortel
LV ES zil karte
highly qualified migrant H
residence permit
MT Karta (Il-) Blu tal-UE
NL Europese blauwe kaart (syn. Blue Card) I
PL Niebieska Karta UE
PT carto azul UE J
RO Cartea Albastr aUE
SK modr karta Eurpskej nie (national law) / K
modrkarta E
SL modra karta EU L
SV EU-blkort
NO EU-blkort M
N
EU Blue Card holder O
BG Definition
P
CS dritel Modr karty EU A third-country national who has acquired the authorisation
DE Inhaber einer Blauen Karte EU bearing the term EU Blue Card entitling them toreside and
Q
EL work inthe territory ofaMember State under the terms
ES titular dela tarjeta azul UE ofCouncil Directive 2009/50/EC (Blue Card Directive). R
ET Euroopa Liidu sinise kaardi omanik
FI EU:n sinisen kortin haltija Source S
FR titulaire dune carte bleue europenne
Derived byEMN from Art.2(c) ofCouncil Directive 2009/50/EC
GA sealbhir chrta gorm anAE
(Blue Card Directive) T
HU EU kk krtya tulajdonos
IT titolare diCarta blu UE U
LT ES mlynosios kortels turtojas
LV ES zils kartes turtjs
MT Portatur(-tri) (Il-) tal-Karta Blu tal-UE
V
NL houder van een Europese blauwe kaart
PL posiadacz Niebieskiej Karty UE
W
PT titular do carto azul UE
RO posesorul Crii Albastre aUE X
SK drite modrej karty Eurpskej nie /
dritemodrejkarty E Y
SL imetnik EUmodre karte
SV innehavare avEU-blkort Z
NO innehaver avEU-blkort (b) /
innehavaravEUblkort(n)
103
E BG
CS
DE
EU Immigration Portal

Imigran portl EU
EU-Zuwanderungsportal
Definition
A website with hands-on information for foreign nationals inter-
ested inmoving tothe EUacting asafirst point ofentry. Itpro-
EL vides up-to-date, practical information onEU and national
ES Portal dela Inmigracin dela UE immigration procedures and policies.
ET EL sisserndeportaal
FI EU:n maahanmuuttoportaali Source
FR Portail delUE sur limmigration
Developed bythe EMN
GA Tairseach Inimirce AE
HU unis bevndorlsi portlt
Synonym
IT Portale europeo dellimmigrazione
EUIP
LT ES imigracijos portalas
LV ES Imigrcijas portls
MT Portal (Il-) tal-UE dwar l-Immigrazzjoni
Broader term
immigration
NL EU-portaalsite over immigratie
PL Portal Imigracyjny UE
PT Portal daImigrao daUE Related terms
RO Portalul UEprivind imigraia
European Website onIntegration
SK Imigran portl E
SL EU Portal opriseljevanju
SV EU:s invandringsportal Notes
NO Informasjonsportal ominnvandring til EUs 1.The EUImmigration Portal was launched inNovember 2011
medlemsland (seeEuropean Commission Press Release IP/11/1370of18Novem-
ber 2011).
2.The website can beaccessed at:

http://ec.europa.eu/immigration/
104
A
EU-LAC Structured Dialogue on Migration
B
BG Definition
A forum for the identification ofcommon challenges and areas C
CS Strukturln dialog omigraci mezi EUaLatinskou for mutual cooperation, aswell asbuilding astronger evidence
Amerikou base for EU-LAC (Latin America and the Caribbean) migration D
DE Strukturierter Dialog ber Migrationsfragen zwischen
der EUund den Lndern Lateinamerikas und
derKaribik
inorder tobetter understand its realities, based onthe principle
ofshared responsibility, strengthening the commitment and will- E
ingness ofboth sides todiscuss migration issues.
EL F
ES Dilogo estructurado UE-ALC sobre migracin
Source
ET (EL jaLuna-Ameerika ning Kariibi) vi ELja LAC
European Council Press Release onlaunching ofEU-LAC dialogue G
rnde struktureeritud dialoog
FI EU:n jaLatinalaisen Amerikan jaKaribian maiden
vlinen rakenteellinen vuoropuhelu muuttoliikkeest
Related term H
FR Dialogue structur sur les migrations entre lUE
etlespays dAmrique latine etdes Carabes (ALC) I
GA Idirphl Struchtrtha idir anAE agus tortha
Notes
Mheirice Laidinigh agus Mhuir Chairib (MLC) maidir 1.InJune 2009, the European Union and the countries ofLatin J
leis anImirce America and the Caribbean (LAC) formally launched the Struc-
HU EU-LAC strukturlis migrcis prbeszd tured and Comprehensive bi-regional Dialogue onMigration. K
IT Dialogo strutturato UE-ALC sulla migrazione
LT ES-Lotyn Amerikos irKarib jros regiono valstybi 2.Inthe framework ofthe Dialogue, parties will exchange views L
struktrinis dialogas migracijos klausimais inthe following main areas: link between migration and devel-
LV Eiropas Savienbas, Latamerikas unKarbu jras opment; regular migration and irregular migration; migration M
reiona valstu strukturts dialogs par migrciju and the issue ofhuman rights, including protection ofmigrants
MT Djalogu Strutturat fuq il-Migrazzjoni - UEuALK inaccordance with international obligations; the fight against all N
NL EU-LAC gestructureerde dialoog over migratie forms ofdiscrimination, racism and xenophobia; legislative
PL and administrative measures applicable tomigrants inan irreg-
EU-LAC Strukturalny dialog narzecz migracji
ular situation; issues related toreturn onadignified basis and
O
PT dilogo estruturado sobre migraes EU-ALC
RO dialogul structurat cuprivire lamigraie EU-LAC voluntary return; measures tocombat trafficking inhuman
beings and smuggling ofmigrants, and the prevention ofdoc-
P
SK truktrovan dialg E- Latinsk Amerika aKaribik
omigrcii ument fraud.
SL EU - LAC Strukturni dialog omigracijah
Q
SV EU-LAC strukturerad dialog ommigration 3.For more information, see the website ofthe EU-LAC Dia-
NO EULACs strukturerte dialog ommigrasjon logue: http://www.migracion-ue-alc.eu/index.php/en-GB/ R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
105
E BG
CS
DE
Eurasil

Eurasil
Netzwerk fr Asylpraktiker der Europischen Union
Definition
A European Union Network for asylum practitioners providing
aforum for the exchange ofcountry oforigin information,
(Eurasil) bestpractices and avariety ofpolicy-related matters among
EL . EUMember States, asylum adjudicators and the European
Commission, which aims toimprove and maximise convergence
onapproaches to, and assessment of, the protection needs
ES Eurasil ofasylum seekers.
ET Eurasil
FI Eurasil
Source
FR Eurasil
European Commission Staff Working Document, SEC(2006) 189
GA Eurasil
HU Eurasil
IT Eurasil
Related terms
LT Eurasil
LV Eurasil
MT Eurasil
NL Eurasil Notes
PL Eurasil 1.Eurasil was established bythe European Commission inJuly
PT Eurasil 2002following the decision ofthe Committee ofthe Permanent
RO Eurasil Representatives (Coreper II) on6March tocease the activities
SK Eurasil ofthe CIREA group (Centre for Information, Discussion and
SL Eurasil Exchange onAsylum).
SV Eurasil
NO Eurasil 2.EURASIL meetings were attended byrepresentatives ofthe
national ministries and asylum authorities ofthe 28Member
States, aswell asof CH, NO and IS. Depending onthe topics
ofthe meeting, international organisations such asUNHCR
orIOM attended Eurasil asexternal experts.
3.With the establishment ofthe European Asylum Support

Office, EASO has taken over responsibility for Eurasil and further
developed EURASIL activities (EASO Practical Cooperation).
106
A
Euro-African Dialogue on Migration and Development
B
BG - Definition
CS Dialog EUaAfriky kmigraci arozvoj A framework for dialogue and consultation between EUMember C
DE Europisch -afrikanischer Dialog States and African countries from North, West and Central
berMigrationundEntwicklung / Africa, aswell asthe European Commission and the Economic D
Euro-afrikanischer Dialog ber
EL
MigrationundEntwicklung
Community ofWest African States (ECOWAS), focusing
onregional cooperation inthe field ofmigration between coun- E
tries oforigin, transit and destination along current migration
ES dialogo euroafricano sobre migracin ydesarrollo routes and within which concrete, practical initiatives are F
ET Euro-Aafrika rnde jaarenguabi dialoog
implemented.
FI muuttoliikett jakehityst koskeva
G
EuroAfrikka-dialogi
Source
FR Dialogue euro-africain sur lamigration
etledveloppement
Website ofthe Euro-African Dialogue onMigration and Development H
GA Idirphl Eora-Afracach maidir lehImirce agus Forbairt
HU Euro-afrikai Dialgus amigrcirl sfejlesztsrl
Synonyms I
Euro-African Ministerial Conference onMigration
IT Dialogo Euro-Africano sulla Migrazione elo Sviluppo
LT Europos-Afrikos dialogas migracijos irvystymosi andDevelopment J
Rabat Process
klausimais
LV Eiropas Savienbas unfrikas dialogs par migrciju K
unattstbu Related terms
MT Djalogu Ewro-Afrikan fuq il-Migrazzjoni ul-Ivilupp 5+5Dialogue onMigration inthe Western L
NL Europees-Afrikaanse Ministerile Conferentie over Mediterranean
Migratie enOntwikkeling M
PL Euro-Afrykaski Dialog narzecz Migracji iRozwoju
PT conferncia ministerial euro-africana sobre migrao Notes N
edesenvolvimento 1.The Euro-African Migration and Development process started
RO Dialogul EU-Africa ndomeniul migraiei idezvoltrii with aministerial conference inRabat in2006.
O
SK Euro-africk dialg omigrcii arozvoji
SL Evro - Afriki dialog omigracijah inrazvoju 2.For more information, see the website ofthe Euro-African
Dialogue: http://www.processusderabat.net/web/
P
NO Den europeisk-afrikanske dialogen ommigrasjon
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
107
E BG
CS
DE
Eurodac

Eurodac
Eurodac
Definition
The name given toan informatic system, the purpose ofwhich,
via the collection, transmission and comparison offingerprints,
EL rodac isto assist indetermining which Member State isto berespon-
ES Eurodac sible pursuant toRegulation (EU) No604/2013 (Dublin III
ET Eurodac Regulation) for examining anapplication for international pro-
FI Eurodac tection lodged inaMember State byathird-country national
FR Eurodac
orastateless person, and otherwise tofacilitate the application
GA Eurodac
ofRegulation (EU) No604/2013under the conditions set out
HU Eurodac
inthe Regulation establishing Eurodac.
IT Eurodac
LT Eurodac
LV Eurodac
Source
Art.1ofCouncil Regulation (EU) No603/2013 (Eurodac Regulation)
MT Eurodac
NL Eurodac
PL Eurodac Related terms
Dublin Convention
PT Eurodac
Dublin Regulation
RO Eurodac
SK Eurodac
SL Eurodac
SV Eurodac
NO Eurodac
108
A
Euro-Mediterranean Partnership
B
BG - Definition
CS Evropsko-stedomosk partnerstv A Union ofthe EUMember States and 16Southern Mediterranean C
DE Europa-Mittelmeer-Partnerschaft / countries built oncooperation agreements that aims topromote
EuromediterranePartnerschaft economic integration and democratic reform across the EUs D
EL
ES
ET
Asociacin Euromediterrnea
Euroopa-Vahemere partnerlus
neighbours tothe south inNorth Africa and the Middle East.
E
Source
FI EuroVlimeri-kumppanuus F
Website ofthe Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EUROMED)
FR Union pour laMditerrane
GA an Chomhphirtocht Eora-Mhenmhara
HU Euro-mediterrn Partnersg
Synonyms G
Barcelona Process
IT Partenariato euromediterraneo
LT Europos-Viduremio jros regiono partneryst
EUROMED H
Union for the Mediterranean
LV Eiropas unVidusjras reiona valstu partnerba
MT Subija Ewro-Mediterranja
UfM I
NL Euro-mediterraan partnerschap (EUROMED)
PL Partnerstwo Eurordziemnomorskie Broader term J
PT
RO Parteneriatul Euro-Mediteraneean K
SK Euro-stredomorsk partnerstvo Related terms
SL Evro - Sredozemsko partnerstvo Black Sea Synergy L
SV Partnerskapet Europa-Medelhavet Eastern Partnership
NO Euro-Mediterranean Partnership M
Notes
1.The Partnership was established on 13July 2008. N
2.For more information, see the webpage ofthe Euro-Med
O
Partnership onthe website ofthe European Unions External
Action Services: http://eeas.europa.eu/euromed/index_en.htm
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
109
E BG
European Agency for the Management of Operational
Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States
of the European Union

SV Europeiska byrn fr frvaltningen avdet operativa
samarbetet vid Europeiska unionens medlemsstaters
yttre grnser
CS Evropsk agentura pro zen operativn spoluprce NO Det europeiske grensekontrollbyret
navnjch hranicch lenskch stt Evropsk unie
DE Europische Agentur fr die operative Definition
Zusammenarbeit anden Auengrenzen A European Union agency tasked tocoordinate the operational coop-
EL eration between Member States inthe field ofborder security.

ES Agencia europea par la gestin
Source
delasfronterasexteriores
Art.2ofRegulation (EU) 2007/2004 (FRONTEX Regulation)
ET Euroopa Liidu liikmesriikide vlispiiril tehtava
operatiivkoost juhtimise Euroopa agentuur
Synonym
FI Euroopan unionin rajaturvallisuusvirasto
FRONTEX
(Euroopan unionin jsenvaltioiden operatiivisesta
ulkorajayhteistyst huolehtiva virasto)
FR Agence europenne pour lagestion dela coopration Related terms
Centre for Information, Discussion and
oprationnelle aux frontires extrieures des tats
membres del'Union europenne Exchange on the Crossing of Frontiers
GA an Ghnomhaireacht Eorpach chun Comhar andImmigration
Oibrochtil aBhainisti agTeorainneacha
European Border Surveillance System
Seachtracha Bhallstit anAontais Eorpaigh
HU az Eurpai Uni Tagllamai Kls Hatrain Val
European Union Agency for
Operatv Egyttmkdsi Igazgatsrt Felels
Eurpai gynksg FundamentalRights
IT Agenzia Europea per laGestione della Cooperazione Immigration Liaison Officer
Operativa delle Froniere Esterne dei Paesi membri Information and Coordination Network
dellUnione Europea forMember States Migration
LT Europos operatyvaus bendradarbiavimo prie ManagementServices
ESvalstybi nari iors sien valdymo agentra Rapid Border Intervention Team
LV Eiropas Aentra operatvs sadarbbas vadbai pie
Eiropas Savienbas dalbvalstu rjm robem Notes
MT Aenzija Ewropea gall-estjoni tal- Koperazzjoni 1.Frontex promotes, coordinates and develops European border
Operazzjonali mal-Fruntieri Esterni tal-Istati Membri management inline with the EUfundamental rights charter
tal-Unjoni Ewropea applying the concept ofIntegrated Border Management.
NL Europees Agentschap voor het beheer van de
operationele samenwerking aan de buitengrenzen 2.Its tasks, inaccordance with Article 2ofCouncil Regulation
van de lidstaten van de Europese Unie 2007/2004, include assisting Member States ontraining
PL Europejska Agencja Zarzdzania Wspprac ofnational border guards and the establishment ofcommon
Operacyjn naZewntrznych Granicach Pastw training standards (Art.2(b)); carrying out risk analysis (Art.2(c));
Czonkowskich following upthe development ofresearch relevant for the con-
PT Agncia Europeia deGesto daCooperao trol and surveillance ofexternal borders (Art.2(d)); assistance
Operacional nas Fronteiras Externas toMember States incircumstances requiring increased technical
daUnioEuropeia and operational assistance atexternal borders (Art.2(e)); and
RO Agenia European pentru Managementul Cooperrii providing Member States with the necessary support inorganis-
Operaionale laFrontierele Externe ale Statelor ing joint return operations.
Membre ale Uniunii Europene
SK Eurpska agentra pre riadenie operanej spoluprce 3.Frontex also works closely with the border-control authorities
navonkajch hraniciach lenskch ttov ofnon-EU / Schengen countries mainly those countries identi-
Eurpskenie fied asasource ortransit route ofirregular migration inline
SL Evropska agencija zaupravljanje operativnega with general EUexternal relations policy.
sodelovanja nazunanjih mejah DEU
4.For further information, see website ofFRONTEX:
http://frontex.europa.eu.
110
A
B
BG Definition
A European Union agency mandated tofocus onthree major C
CS Evropsk podprn azylov ad responsibilities: tocontribute tothe coherent implementation
DE Europisches Untersttzungsbro fr Asylfragen and development ofthe Common European Asylum System D
EL
ES
ET
Oficina Europea deApoyo alAsilo
Euroopa varjupaigaksimuste tugiamet
(CEAS), tosupport and strengthen practical cooperation among
Member States onasylum and toprovide and / or coordinate the E
provision ofoperational support toMember States, subject
FI Euroopan turvapaikka-asioiden tukivirasto F
toparticular pressure ontheir asylum and reception systems.
FR Bureau europen dappui enmatire dasile
GA an Oifig Tacaochta Eorpach doChrsa Tearmainn
HU Eurpai Menekltgyi Tmogatsi Hivatal
Source G
Art.1and 2ofRegulation (EU) No516/2014 (EASO Regulation)
IT Ufficio Europeo diSostegno per lAsilo
LT Europos prieglobsio paramos biuras
H
LV Eiropas Patvruma atbalsta birojs
Synonym
MT Uffiju (L-)ta Appo Ewropew fil-Qasam talAil
EASO I
NL Europees Ondersteuningsbureau voor Asielzaken
[BEsyn.: Europees asielondersteuningsbureau] Related terms J
PL Europejski Urzd Wsparcia wdziedzinie Azylu
PT Gabinete Europeu deApoio aoAsilo General Directors ofImmigration Services K
RO Biroul European deSprijin ndomeniul Azilului Conference
SK Eurpsky podporn rad pre azyl Eurasil
L
SL Evropski azilni podporni urad European Migration Network
European Union Agency for FundamentalRights
SV Europeiska byrn fr samarbete iasylfrgor M
NO Det europeiske stttekontoret pasylfeltet European Agency for the Management
ofOperational Cooperation atthe External N
Borders ofthe Member States ofthe
EuropeanUnion
O
Notes
1.The Support Office acts asaEuropean centre ofexpertise
P
onasylum, responsible for facilitating, coordinating and
strengthening practical cooperation among Member States
Q
onthe many aspects ofasylum, sothat Member States are bet-
ter able toprovide international protection tothose entitled R
toit, while dealing fairly and efficiently with those who donot
qualify for international protection, where appropriate. S
2.Its mandate should befocused onthree major duties: namely T

contributing tothe implementation ofthe CEAS, supporting prac-
tical cooperation among Member States onasylum and support- U
ing Member States that are subject toparticular pressure.
V
3.The Support Office should work closely with the Member
States asylum authorities, with national immigration and asy- W
lum services and other national services and with the Commis-
sion. Furthermore, itshould also carry out its duties without X
prejudice tothose assigned toother relevant bodies ofthe Union
and shall work closely with these bodies aswell aswith the Y
UNHCR. However, itdoes not have any powers inrelation tothe
taking ofdecisions byMember States asylum authorities Z
onindividual applications for international protection.
4.For further information, see the website ofEASO:

http://easo.europa.eu
111
E BG
CS
DE
European Convention on Human Rights

Evropsk mluva oochran lidskch prv
Europische Menschenrechtskonvention
Definition
A regional human rights instrument giving effect tocertain rights
stated inthe Universal Declaration ofHuman Rights, offering
EL individuals the possibility ofapplying tothe courts for the
ES Convenio Europeo deDerechos Humanos enforcement oftheir rights.
ET Euroopa inimiguste japhivabaduste kaitse
konvetsioon Source
FI Euroopan ihmisoikeussopimus
Derived byEMN from the description ofthe Convention onthe
FR Convention europenne des droits de lhomme
website ofthe European Court ofHuman Rights
GA an Coinbhinsin Eorpach umChearta anDuine
HU Emberi Jogok Eurpai Egyezmnye
Synonyms
IT Convenzione Europea dei Diritti dellUomo
European Convention for the Protection ofHuman Rights and
LT Europos mogaus teisi konvencija
Fundamental Freedoms
LV Eiropas Cilvktiesbu konvencija
ECHR
MT Konvenzjoni (Il-) Ewropea dwar id-Drittijiet
talBniedem
NL Europees Verdrag voor deRechten van deMens Related terms
Charter ofFundamental Rights
PL Europejska Konwencja Praw Czowieka / Konwencja
oOchronie Praw Czowieka iPodstawowych Wolnoci oftheEuropean Union
PT Conveno Europeia dos Direitos Humanos
RO Convenia European aDrepturilor Omului forFundamentalRights
SK Eurpsky dohovor oochrane udskch prv human rights
azkladnch slobd human rights law
SL Evropska konvencija olovekovih pravicah
SV Europakonventionen omde mnskliga rttigheterna Note
NO Den europeiske menneskerettskonvensjonen More formally referred toas the European Convention for the
Protection ofHuman Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.
112
A
European Border Surveillance System
B
BG Definition
A common framework for the exchange ofinformation and for C
CS evropsk systm ostrahy vnj hranice the cooperation between EUMember States and Frontex
DE Europisches Grenzberwachungssystem toimprove situational awareness and toincrease reaction D
EL
ES
ET
Sistema europeo devigilancia defronteras
Euroopa vlispiiride seiressteem
capability atthe external borders for the purpose ofdetecting,
preventing and combating irregular immigration and cross- E
border crime, and contributing toensuring the protection and
FI Euroopan rajavalvontajrjestelm F
saving the lives ofmigrants.
FR Systme europen desurveillance
desfrontiresextrieures
Source G
GA an Cras Eorpach umFhaireachas
Art.1ofCouncil Regulation (EU) No1052/2013
arTheorainneachaSeachtracha
HU Eurpai Hatrrizeti Rendszer
(EUROSUR Regulation) H
IT Sistema europeo disorveglianza
dellefrontiereesterne
Synonym I
EUROSUR
LT Europos iorini sien stebjimo sistema
LV Eiropas rjo robeu uzraudzbas sistma J
MT Sistema Ewropea gas-Sorveljanza tal-Konfini / Related terms
tal-Fruntieri bordercontrol K
NL Europees grensbewakingssysteem
PL Europejski system nadzorowania granic ofOperational Cooperation atthe External L
PT Borders ofthe Member States
RO sistemul desupraveghere afrontierelor UE oftheEuropeanUnion M
SK Eurpsky systm hraninho dozoru
SL Evropskega sistema varovanja meja Notes N
SV Europeiska grnsvervakningssystemet 1.EUROSUR was set upunder Council Regulation (EU)
NO Det europeiske overvkingssystemet No1052/2013 (EUROSUR Regulation).
O
foryttergrensene
2.For more information, see: http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-af-
fairs/what-we-do/policies/borders-and-visas/border-crossing/
P
index_en.htm
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
113
E BG
CS
DE

Evropsk migran s
Europisches Migrationsnetzwerk
Definition
A body established byCouncil Decision 2008/381/EC that serves
tomeet the information needs ofUnion institutions and
EL ofMember States authorities and institutions, byproviding up-to-
ES Red Europea deMigraciones date, objective, reliable and comparable information onmigration
ET Euroopa rndevrgustik and asylum, with aview tosupporting policy-making inthe
FI Euroopan muuttoliikeverkosto European Union inthese areas. Italso serves toprovide the gen-
FR Rseau europen des migrations
eral public with information onthese subjects.
GA Grasn Imirce nahEorpa
HU Eurpai Migrcis Hlzat
Source
IT Rete Europea sulle Migrazioni
Art.1ofCouncil Decision 2008/381/EC (European Migration
LT Europos migracijos tinklas
Network Decision)
LV Eiropas migrcijas tkls
MT Netwerk (In-) Ewropew tal-Migrazzjoni
NL Europees Migratienetwerk Synonym
EMN
PL Europejska Sie Migracyjna
PT Rede Europeia das Migraes
RO Reeaua european demigraie Related terms
Africa Caribbean Pacific Observatory
SK Eurpska migran sie
SL Evropska migracijska mrea onMigration
SV Europeiska migrationsntverket EU Immigration Portal
NO Det europeiske migrasjonsnettverket European Agency for the Management
ofOperational Cooperation atthe
ExternalBorders ofthe Member States
oftheEuropeanUnion
Eurostat
National Contact Points onIntegration
Notes
1.The EMN was set upin 2003bythe European Commission
onbehalf ofthe European Council inorder tosatisfy the need
ofaregular exchange ofreliable information onmigration and
asylum related issues onaEuropean level.
2.The EMN isco-ordinated bythe European Commission,

assisted byservice providers, inco-operation with EMN National
Contact Points (EMN NCPs) ineach EUMember State. ASteering
Board, consisting ofrepresentatives from each Member State,
the European Commission and the European Parliament serves
toprovide the political guidance onthe activities ofthe EMN.
3.For more information, see the website ofthe EMN:

http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/what-we-do/networks/
european_migration_network/index_en.htm
114
A
B
BG Definition
CS Evropsk politika sousedstv A bilateral policy between the EUand 16partner countries (the C
DE Europische Nachbarschaftspolitik EUs closest neighbouring countries), further enriched and com-
EL plemented bythree regional and multilateral cooperation D
ES Poltica Europea deVecindad
ET
FI
Euroopa naabruspoliitika
Euroopan naapuruuspolitiikka
initiatives.
E
Source
FR Politique europenne devoisinage F
Website ofthe European Neighbourhood Policy
GA Beartas Comharsanachta nahEorpa
HU Eurpai Szomszdsgpolitika
IT politica europea divicinato
Synonym G
ENP
LT Europos kaimynysts politika
LV Eiropas kaimiattiecbu politika
H
MT Politika (Il-) Ewropea tal-Viinat / tal-Madwar
Narrower terms
NL Europees nabuurschapsbeleid
BlackSea Synergy I
EasternPartnership
PL Europejska Polityka Ssiedztwa
PT Euro-Mediterranean Partnership J
RO Politica european devecintate
SK Eurpska susedsk politika / Related term K
Eurpskapolitikasusedstva
SL Evropska sosedska politika L
SV EU:s grannskapspolitik Notes
NO Den europeiske naboskapspolitikken 1.The ENP was developed in2004, with the objective ofavoid- M
ing the emergence ofnew dividing lines between the enlarged
EUand its neighbours and instead strengthening the prosperity, N
stability and security ofall. Itis based onthe values ofdemoc-
racy, rule oflaw and respect ofhuman rights.
O
2.The three regional and multilateral cooperation initiatives ofthe
ENP are: the Eastern Partnership (launched inPrague inMay
P
2009), the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EUROMED),
formerly known asthe Barcelona Process, re-launched inParis
Q
inJuly2008), and the Black Sea Synergy (launched inKiev
inFebruary 2008). R
3.The Lisbon Treaty has allowed the EUto strengthen the deliv- S
ery ofits foreign policy: cooperation with neighbouring countries
can now bebroadened tocover the full range ofissues inan T
integrated and more effective manner. This was akey driver for
initiating areview ofthe ENP insummer 2010. U
4.For up-to-date information onthe ENP, see: http://eeas.europa. V
eu/enp/about-us/index_en.htm
W
X
Y
Z
115
E BG
CS
DE
European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights

Agentura Evropsk unie pro zkladn prva
Agentur der Europischen Union fr Grundrechte
Definition
An EUagency which provides independent, evidence-based
advice onfundamental rights tothe relevant institutions and
EL authorities ofthe Union and its Member States inorder tosup-
port them when implementing Union law, taking measures
ES Agencia deDerechos Fundamentales orformulating courses ofaction within their respective spheres
delaUninEuropea ofcompetence tofully respect fundamental rights.
ET Euroopa Liidu Phiiguste Amet
FI Euroopan unionin perusoikeusvirasto
Source
FR Agence des droits fondamentaux
Art.2ofCouncil Regulation (EC) No168/2007 (FRA Regulation)
delUnioneuropenne
GA Gnomhaireacht anAontais Eorpaigh
Synonyms
umCheartaBunsacha
Fundamental Rights Agency
HU Az Eurpai Uni Alapjogi gynksge
FRA
IT Agenzia dellUnione Europea per
iDirittiFondamentali
LT Europos Sjungos pagrindini teisi agentra Related terms
LV Eiropas Savienbas Pamattiesbu aentra
MT Aenzija tal-Unjoni Ewropea gad-Drittijiet oftheEuropean Union
Fundamentali
NL Bureau van deEuropese Unie voor degrondrechten ofOperational Cooperation atthe
PL Agencja Praw Podstawowych Unii Europejskiej ExternalBorders ofthe Member States
PT Agncia para osDireitos Fundamentais oftheEuropeanUnion
RO Agenia pentru Drepturi Fundamentale European Asylum Support Office
aUniuniiEuropene European Convention on Human Rights
SK Agentra Eurpskej nie pre zkladn prva European Migration Network
SL Agencija Evropske unije zatemeljne pravice human rights
SV Europeiska unionens byr fr grundlggande
rttigheter Notes
NO Den europeiske unions byr for grunnleggende 1.The European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights was inau-
rettigheter (b) / Byret for grunnleggjande rettar gurated on1March 2007. Itwas established byCouncil Regu-
iDen europeiske unionen(n) lation (EC) No168/2007of15February 2007asthe
successor tothe European Monitoring Centre onRacism and
Xenophobia (EUMCI).
2.Its tasks, which are laid down inArt.4ofthe Regulation,

include information and data collection, research and analysis;
advice toEU institutions and Member States; cooperation with

civil society and awareness raising.
3.For more information, see the website ofFRA:

http://fra.europa.eu/en
116
A
Eurostat
B
BG Definition
CS Eurostat The Statistical Office ofthe European Union within the European C
DE Statistisches Amt der Europischen Gemeinschaften Commission.
EL D
ES Eurostat Source
ET
FI
Eurostat
Eurostat
Website ofEurostat E
FR Eurostat F
Related term
GA Eurostat European Migration Network
HU Eurostat
IT Eurostat
G
Notes
LT Eurostatas
LV Eurostat
1.Eurostat was established in1953. H
MT Eurostat
NL Eurostat 2.Its task isto provide the European Union with statistics I
PL Eurostat atEuropean level that enable comparisons between countries
PT Eurostat and regions. J
RO Eurostat
SK Eurostat 3.The EMN cooperates with Eurostat byharmonising statistics K
SL Eurostat from the European Statistical System (ESS) toasingle method-
SV Eurostat ology, making the statistics comparable. L
NO Eurostat
4.Regulation (EC) No. 862/2007 (Migration Statistics Regu- M
lation) establishes common rules for the collection and compi-
lation ofCommunity statistics (for submission toEurostat) on: N
(a) immigration and emigration flows;
O
(b) citizenship and country ofbirth ofpersons usually resi-
dent inthe territory ofthe Member States;
P
(c) administrative and judicial procedures and processes inthe

Q
Member States relating toimmigration, granting ofpermission
toreside, citizenship, asylum and other forms ofinternational R
protection and prevention ofirregular migration.
S
5.For more information, see the website ofEurostat:
http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/ T
about_eurostat/introduction
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
117
E BG
CS
DE
examination of an application for international protection

rozhodovn odosti omezinrodn ochranu
Prfung eines Antrags auf internationalen Schutz
Definition
Any examination of, ordecision orruling concerning, anapplica-
tion for international protection bythe competent authorities
EL inaccordance with Directive 2013/32/EU and Directive
ES examen deuna solicitud deproteccin internacional 2011/95/EU, except for procedures for determining the Member
ET rahvusvahelise kaitse taotluse lbivaatamine State responsible inaccordance with Regulation (EU)
FI kansainvlist suojelua koskevan hakemuksen No604/2013.
ksittely
FR examen dune demande deprotection internationale
Source
GA inichadh ariarratas archosaint idirnisinta
Art.2(d) ofRegulation (EU) No604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation)
HU menedkkrelem elbrsla
IT esame della domanda diprotezione internazionale
LT praymo suteikti prieglobst nagrinjimas
Broader term
LV starptautisks aizsardzbas pieteikuma izskatana
MT Tgarbil / Eami ta applikazzjoni gall-protezzjoni
internazzjonali
NL behandeling van een verzoek ominternationale
bescherming
PL rozpatrywanie wniosku oudzielenie ochrony
midzynarodowej
PT anlise de um pedido de proteo internacional
RO soluionarea unei cereri deprotecie internaionl
SK posdenie iadosti omedzinrodn ochranu /
posdenie iadosti oudelenie medzinrodnej ochrany
(EU acquis) / posdenie iadosti oudelenie azylu
(national law)
SL obravnavanje pronje zamednarodno zaito
SV prvning avanskan ominternationellt skydd
NO vurdering avsknad ominternasjonal beskyttelse(b)/
vurdering avsknad ominternasjonalt vern(n)
118
A
exclusion clause
B
BG Definition
CS exkluzivn klauzule, vyluovac klauzule Specifically, any ofthe provisions ofthe Geneva Convention C
DE Ausschlussklausel of1951and Protocol of1967, such asarticles 1D, 1E and 1F,
EL which mandatorily deny the benefits ofrefugee status toper- D
ES clusula deexclusin
ET
FI
vlistav klausel
poissulkemislauseke
sons who already receive UNor national protection, orto per-
sons about whom there are good reasons tobelieve that they E
have committed awar crime, acrime against humanity, aseri-
FR clause dexclusion F
ous non-political crime, oracts contrary tothe purposes and
GA clsal eisiaimh
principles ofthe UN(e.g. the persecution ofothers).
HU kizr klauzulk
IT clausola diesclusione
G
Source
LT praymo atmetimo pagrindai
LV izslganas noteikums
Art.1D, 1E and 1F ofthe Geneva Convention of1951 H
MT Klawsola ta tbarrija / tesklujoni
NL uitsluitingsgronden Related terms I
PL klauzula wykluczajca
PT clusulas deexcluso war crime J
RO cauz deexcludere
SK doloka ovylen / vyluovacia klauzula / Note K
vyluovacie ustanovenie The EUasylum acquis (see for example Art.12and 17ofDirec-
SL izkljuitvena klavzula tive 2011/95/EU) has incorporated these Geneva Convention L
SV undantagsklausul of1951clauses whilst additionally stipulating exclusion clauses
NO unntaksbestemmelse (b) / unntaksfresegn(n) inrelation tosubsidiary protection. M
N
exodus O
BG no usual translation Definition

P
CS exodus Movements ingroups (isolated and sporadic) out ofacountry
DE Exodus oforigin inlarge numbers orof asection ofthe community
Q
EL atagiven time.
ES xodo R
ET massiline vljarnne Source
FI joukkopako IOM Glossary onMigration, 2nd ed., 2011 S
FR fuite massive
GA imeacht
Note T
HU kivndorls
A similar definition isalso used inthe UNHCR International
IT esodo U
Thesaurus ofRefugee Terminology definition.
LT egzodas
LV masveida izceoana
MT Eodu
V
NL uittocht (syn.: exodus)
PL exodus
W
PT exdo
RO exod X
SK exodus / hromadn odchod
SL eksodus / mnoina emigracija Y
SV massflykt
NO masseutvandring / masseflukt Z
119
E BG
CS
DE
exploitation

vykoisovn
Ausbeutung
Definition
The act oftaking advantage ofsomething orsomeone, inpar-
ticular the act oftaking unjust advantage ofanother for ones
EL own benefit (e.g. sexual exploitation, forced labour orservices,
ES explotacin slavery orpractices similar toslavery, servitude orthe removal
ET rakasutamine oforgans).
FI hyvksikytt
FR exploitation
Source
GA dshaothr
HU kizskmnyols
IT sfruttamento
Related term
LT inaudojimas
forced labour
LV izmantoana
trafficking inhuman beings
MT Sfruttament
NL uitbuiting
PL wykorzystywanie Note
PT explorao Art.2(3) ofDirective 2011/36/EU (Trafficking Directive) states
RO exploatare that exploitation includes, asaminimum, the exploitation ofthe
SK vykorisovanie prostitution ofothers orother forms ofsexual exploitation,
SL izkorianje forced labour orservices, including begging, slavery orpractices
SV utnyttjande similar toslavery, servitude, orthe exploitation ofcriminal activ-
NO utnyttelse (b) / utnytting(n) ities, orthe removal oforgans.
expulsion
BG Definition
CS vyhotn The removal of:
DE Rckfhrung (EU acquis); Ausweisung (DE) (a) athird-country national subject toan expulsion decision
EL based onaserious and present threat topublic order orto
ES expulsin national security and safety taken inthe following cases:
ET vljasaatmine -- conviction ofathird-country national bythe issuing Member
FI maasta poistaminen State for anoffence punishable byapenalty involving depriva-
FR expulsion
tion ofliberty ofat least one year;
GA dbirt / ionnarbadh
-- the existence ofserious grounds for believing that athird-coun-

HU kiutasts (when implemented with official escort:
try national has committed serious criminal offences orthe
kitoloncols)
existence ofsolid evidence oftheir intention tocommit such
IT espulsione
offences within the territory ofaMember State.
LT isiuntimas
(b) athird-country national subject toan expulsion decision
MT Espulsjoni / Tkeija based onfailure tocomply with national rules onthe entry
NL verwijdering (syn.: uitzetting, uitwijzing) orresidence ofaliens.
PL wydalenie
PT expulso Source
RO (a) expulzare (b) returnare (forat) sub escort Art.3(1) ofCouncil Directive 2001/40/EC (Expulsion Directive)
SK vyhostenie
SL izgon / odstranitev Broader term
SV avvisning / utvisning removal
NO utvisning (b) / utvising(n)
Narrower term
expulsion decision
120
A
expulsion decision
B
BG Definition
CS rozhodnut ovyhotn Any decision which orders anexpulsion taken byacompetent C
DE Rckfhrungsentscheidung (EU acquis); administrative (or judicial) authority ofan issuing Member State.
Ausweisungsentscheidung (DE, LU) D
EL Source
ES
ET
decisin deexpulsin
vljasaatmisotsus
Art.2(b) ofCouncil Directive 2001/40/EC (Expulsion Directive) E
FI maastapoistamispts F
Synonym
FR dcision dloignement expulsion order
GA cinneadh ionnarbtha
HU kiutastst elrendel hatrozat
G
Broader term
IT decisione diespulsione
LT sprendimas dl isiuntimo
expulsion H
LV izbraukanas rkojums /
lmumsparpiespieduizraidanu Related terms I
enforcement measure
MT Deijoni ta espulsjoni / ta tkeija
NL aanwijzing omhet grondgebied teverlaten
removal order J
PL decyzja owydaleniu
PT deciso deexpulso Notes K
RO See expulsion (a) hotrre judectoresc 1.InDE, only expulsion order isused, while expulsion decision
deexpulzare (b) decizie dereturnare sub escort and expulsion order are understood inthe same way. L
SK rozhodnutie ovyhosten
SL odloitev oizgonu 2.InRO, expulsion isdecided bythe courts only, not by M
SV beslut omavvisning eller utvisning administration.
NO utvisningsbeslutning (b) / utvisingsavgjerd(n) N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
121
E BG
CS
DE
external EU border

vnj hranice EU
EU-Auengrenze
Definition
The parts ofaSchengen Member States border, including land
borders, river and lake borders, sea borders and their airports,
F
EL river ports, sea ports and lake ports, that are not common bor-
ES frontera exterior (UE) ders with another Schengen Member State.
ET EL vlispiir
FI EU:n ulkoraja Source
FR frontire extrieure delUE
Derived byEMN from Regulation (EC) No562/2006 (Schengen
GA teorainn sheachtrach AE
Borders Code)
HU kls hatr
IT frontiera esterna UE
Related terms
LT iors siena
border control
LV ES rj robea
internal EUborder
MT Konfini (Il-) esterni / Fruntiera (Il-) esterna tal-UE
irregular entry
NL EU buitengrens
legal entry
PL granica zewntrzna UE
refusal ofentry
PT fronteira externa
Schengen Borders Code
RO frontiere externe UE
SK vonkajia hranica E
SL zunanja meja EU Notes
SV yttre grns 1.IEand UKdo not participate inthe Schengen Area.
NO ytre grense for Schengen-medlemsland
2.BG, HRand ROare Schengen candidate countries.
3.IS, LI, NOand CHare also Schengen Member States, although

they are not EUMember States.
4.For updated information onmembership tothe Schengen

Area, see the description ofEU policies onborders and visas and
Schengen onthe website ofDG HOME: http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/
home-affairs/what-we-do/policies/borders-and-visas/schengen/
index_en.htm
122
F
BG
CS
DE
false declaration of parenthood

falen prohlen rodiovstv
falsche Erklrung der Elternschaft /
Definition
An untruthful declaration ofarelationship ofparenthood which
does not actually exist either (a) between aminor who isan
A
B
C
falscheElternschaftsangabe EUcitizen orsettled third-country national and athird-country D
EL national adult, where the adult claims tobe the parent inorder
ES declaracion falsa depaternidad / maternidad toobtain orlegalise their residence inaMember State, or(b) E
ET plvnemise kohta valeandmete esitamine between athird-country national minor and aunion citizen
FI
FR
valheellinen vanhemmuuden ilmoittaminen
fausse dclaration deparentalit
adult orasettled third-country national adult where the adult F
declares themselves parent ofthe minor inorder toobtain
GA bragdhearbh tuismochta
HU hamis szli nyilatkozat
orlegalise the residence ofthe child and / or possibly the resi- G
dence ofthe other parent.
IT falsa dichiarazione difiliazione
LT fiktyvus vaikinimas
H
LV vecku statusa viltus reistrana
Source
MT Dikjarazzjoni falza ta maternit u / jew paternit Developed byEMN I
NL valse ouderschapsverklaring
PL faszywe owiadczenie ouznaniu rodzicielstwa Narrower term J
false declaration ofpaternity
PT falsas declaraes parentesco
RO declaraie depaternitate fals K
SK falon prehlsenie rodiovstva Related terms
SL lana izjava ostarevstvu civil
partnership ofconvenience L
SV osant intygande omfrldraskap marriage ofconvenience
NO falsk vedgelse avforeldreskap (b) / M
falskvedgingavforeldreskap(n)
Note N
For more information onfalse declarations ofparenthood, see
EMN: Misuse offamily reunification, 2012.
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
123
F BG
CS
DE
family formation

rodinn pslunk
Familienbildung
Definition
The entry into and residence inaMember State ofathird-coun-
try national onthe basis ofthe establishment ofafamily rela-
EL No translation tionship either (a) after their third-country national sponsor has
ES formacin dela familia gained legal residence inaMember State; or(b) with anEU
ET perekonnaliige national.
FI perheenjsen
FR constitution dela famille
Source
GA duine muinteartha
Developed byEMN
HU csaldtag
IT familiare
Broader term
LT eimos krimas
LV imenes loceklis
MT Kompoizzjoni / Tiswira tal-familja
NL gezinsvorming Related terms
chain migration
PL czonek rodziny
family migration
PT reagrupamento familiar
nuclear family
RO rentregirea familiei
right tofamily life
SK rodinn prslunk / len rodiny
SL druinski lan right tofamily unity
SV familjemedlem
NO familiemedlem Notes
1.This term isspecific tosome Member States, particularly BE,
NL, SE. InUK, this relates tothe formation offamily between
aUK national and athird-country national only.
2.Inother Member States, family formation iscovered under

family reunification.
124
A
family member
B
BG In the context ofthe Free Movement Directive:
CS slouen rodiny (a) the spouse; C
DE Familienangehriger (b) the partner with whom the union citizen has contracted areg-
EL istered partnership, onthe basis ofthe legislation ofaMember D
ES Miembro dela familia State, ifthe legislation ofthe host Member State treats registered
ET pere loomise eesmrgil riiki sisenemine partnerships asequivalent tomarriage and inaccordance with E
(nousualtranslation) theconditions laid down inthe relevant legislation ofthe host
FI
FR
perheenmuodostaminen
membre dela famille
Member State; F
(c) the direct descendants who are under the age of21orare
GA foirmi teaghlaigh
HU csaldalapts
dependants and those ofthe spouse orpartner asdefined G
inpoint (b);
IT componente familiare
LT eimos narys
(d) the dependent direct relatives inthe ascending line and those H
ofthe spouse orpartner asdefined inpoint (b).
LV imenes apvienoana / imenes atkalapvienoana
MT Membru tal-familja I
NL gezinslid In the context ofasylum, and inparticular Regulation (EU)
PL zaoenie rodziny No604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation), this means insofar asthe J
PT membros dafamilia family already existed inthe country oforigin, the following
RO membru defamilie members ofthe applicants family who are present onthe terri- K
SK zaloenie rodiny tory ofthe Member States:
SL ustanovitev druine -- the spouse ofthe applicant ortheir unmarried partner inasta- L
SV familjebildning ble relationship, where the law orpractice ofthe Member State
NO familiedannelse (b) / familiedanning(n) concerned treats unmarried couples inaway comparable M
tomarried couples under its law relating tothird-country
nationals; N
Definition -- the minor children ofcouples referred toin the first indent
In the general migration context, aperson either married to, orof the applicant, oncondition that they are unmarried and
regardless ofwhether they were born inor out ofwedlock
O
orhaving arelationship legally recognised asequivalent tomar-
riage, toamigrant, aswell astheir dependent children orother oradopted asdefined under national law;
dependants who are recognised asmembers ofthe family -- when the applicant isaminor and unmarried, the father,
P
byapplicable legislation. mother oranother adult responsible for the applicant,
In the context ofthe Family Reunification Directive, athird- whether bylaw orby the practice ofthe Member State where
Q
country national, asspecified inArt.4ofDirective 2003/86/EC the adult ispresent;
(normally members ofthe nuclear family i.e. the spouse and the -- when the beneficiary ofinternational protection isaminor R
minor children), who has entered the territory ofthe European and unmarried, the father, mother oranother adult responsi-
Union for the purpose offamily reunification. ble for them whether bylaw orby the practice ofthe Member S
State where the beneficiary ispresent.
T
Source
General: Derived byEMN from Art.4ofUN Convention onthe U
Protection ofAll Migrant Workers and Members oftheir Families
Family reunification: Recital 9and Art.4ofCouncil Directive V
2003/86/EC (Family Reunification Directive)
Free movement: Art.2(2) ofCouncil Directive 2004/38/EC (Free W
Movement Directive)
Asylum: Art.2 (g) ofRegulation (EU) No604/2013 (Dublin III X
Regulation)
Y
Related terms
dependant Z
nuclear family
sponsor
125
F BG
CS
family migration

rodinn migrace
Definition
In the global context, ageneral concept encompassing family
reunification, family formation, and migration ofan entire
DE Familienzusammenfhrung, Familienmigration family atthe same time.
EL In the EUcontext, aconcept which refers explicitly tofamily
ES migracin por motivos familiares reunification and family formation.
ET perernne
FI perheperusteinen maahanmuutto
Source
FR migration pour des raisons familiales
Global context: Derived byEMN from the discussion oftypes
GA imirce teaghlaigh
offamily migration inChapter 6ofIOM World Migration Report
HU csaldegyestsi cl migrci / csaldegyests
2008
IT migrazione familiare
EU context: Developed byEMN
LT eimos migracija
LV imenes migrcija
MT Migrazzjoni gal raunijiet ta familja Related terms
chain migration
NL gezinsmigratie
family formation
PL migracja rodzinna
PT migrao familiar
RO migraia nscopul rentregirii familiei
SK migrcia zrodinnch dvodov
SL druinska migracija
SV familjemigration
NO familiemigrasjon
126
A
B
BG Definition
CS slouen rodiny The establishment ofafamily relationship which iseither: C
DE Familienzusammenfhrung (a)the entry into and residence inaMember State, inaccord-
EL ance with Council Directive 2003/86/EC, byfamily members D
ES reagrupacin familiar ofathird-country national residing lawfully inthat Member
ET perekonna taashinemine State (sponsor) inorder topreserve the family unit, whether E
FI perheenyhdistminen the family relationship arose before orafter the entry ofthe
FR
GA
regroupement familial
athaont teaghlaigh
sponsor; or(b) between anEU national and third-country F
national established outside the EUwho then subsequently
HU csaldegyests
IT ricongiungimento familiare
enters the EU. G
LT eimos susijungimas
LV imenes apvienoana / imenes atkalapvienoana
Source H
Part (a): Art.2 (d) ofCouncil Directive 2003/86/EC (Family
MT Riunifikazzjoni tal-familja
NL gezinshereniging Reunification Directive) I
PL czenie rodzin Part (b): Developed byEMN
PT reagrupamento familiar J
RO rentregirea familiei, reunificarea familiei Synonym
SK zlenie rodiny family reunion K
SL zdruevanje druine
SV familjeterfrening Broader term L
NO familiegjenforening (b) / familiegjenforeining(n) right tofamily unity
M
Narrower term
family formation N
Related terms O
chain migration
family member
family migration
P
nuclear family
right tofamily life
Q
Note R
Art.5(3) ofCouncil Directive 2003/86/EC (Family Reunifica-
tion Directive) also covers reunification when athird-country S
national isalready resident inthe EUunder different permissions
(e.g. aresidence permit for the purpose ofremuneration T
orstudy).
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
127
F BG
CS
DE
final decision

pravomocn rozhodnut
rechtskrftige Entscheidung
Definition
A decision onwhether the third-country national orstateless
person begranted refugee status orsubsidiary protection sta-
EL tus byvirtue ofDirective 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification
ES resolucin definitiva Directive) and which isno longer subject toaremedy within the
ET justunud otsus framework ofChapter Vof this Directive, irrespective ofwhether
FI lainvoimainen pts such remedy has the effect ofallowing applicants toremain
FR dcision finale
inthe Member States concerned pending its outcome.
GA cinneadh crochnaitheach
HU jogers hatrozat
Source
IT decisione definitiva
Art.2(e) ofDirective 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures
LT galutinis sprendimas
Directive)
LV galgais lmums
MT Deijoni finali
NL onherroepelijke beslissing
PL ostateczna decyzja
PT deciso final
RO decizie final
SK konen rozhodnutie
SL dokonna odloba / pravnomona odloba
SV slutligt beslut
NO endelig vedtak (b) /endeleg avgjerd(n)
first country of asylum

BG Definition
CS prvn zem azylu A country inwhich anapplicant for international protection
DE erster Asylstaat, erstes Asylland has either (a) been recognised asarefugee and they can still
EL avail themselves ofthat protection; or(b) otherwise enjoys suf-
ES primer pas deasilo ficient protection, including benefiting from the principle
ET esmane varjupaigariik of non-refoulement, provided that they will bereadmitted
FI ensimminen turvapaikkamaa
tothat country.
FR pays depremier asile
GA an chad tr thearmainn
Source
HU elsdleges befogad llam
Art.35ofDirective 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures

IT paese diprimo asilo
Directive)
LT pirmoji prieglobsio alis
LV pirm patvruma valsts
MT L-Ewwel art /pajji tal-ail Synonyms
country offirst asylum
NL eerste land van asiel
first asylum principle
PL kraj pierwszego azylu
PT primeiro pas de asilo
RO prima ar deazil Notes
SK prv krajina azylu 1.Inapplying the concept offirst country ofasylum tothe par-
SL prva drava azila ticular circumstances ofan applicant, Member States may take
SV frsta asylland into account Art.38(1) ofthe Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast
NO frste asylland Asylum Procedures Directive) (concept ofsafe third country).
2.Inaccordance with relevant legislation, anapplicant shall

beallowed tochallenge the application ofthe first country
ofasylum concept inrelation totheir particular circumstances.
128
A
5+5 Dialogue on Migration in the Western Mediterranean
B
BG 5+5 Definition
A trans-Mediterranean forum set upas asecurity initiative C
CS Dialog 5+5omigraci vzpadnm Stedomo tosecure closer cooperation between five EUMember States
DE 5+5Dialog ber Migration imWestlichen and five Arab Maghreb countries through political dialogue and D
Mittelmeerraum economic cooperation, and byencouraging more efficient man-
EL agement ofresources asameans ofenhancing regional inter- E
ES Dilogo 5+5sobre migracin enel Mediterrneo dependence and development.
ET
Occidental
5+5Vahemere lneosa rnde dialoog
F
Source
FI 5+5-vuoropuhelu Vlimeren lnsiosan maiden vlill
Website ofthe 5+5Dialogue G
FR Dialogue 5+5sur lamigration
enMditerraneoccidentale
GA Idirphl 5+5maidir leis anImirce
Synonyms H
5+5Dialogue
iriginnaMenmhara Thiar
HU 5+5Nyugat- Mediterrn Migrcis Prbeszd
Western Mediterranean Forum I
IT Dialogo 5+5sulle Migrazioni nel
MediterraneoOccidentale Related terms J
Dialogue onMediterranean Transit Migration
LT Vakar Viduremio jros regiono valstybi dialogas
5+5 migracijos klausimais Euro-African Dialogue on Migration K
LV 5+5Vidusjras rietumu valstu dialogs par migrciju andDevelopment
MT Djalogu 5+5fuq il-Migrazzjoni fil-Punent Global Approach toMigration and Mobility
L
talMediterran
NL 5+5dialoog over migratie inhet Westelijke Notes M
Middellandsezeegebied 1.The Western Mediterranean Forum, commonly referred toas
PL 5+5Dialog narzecz migracji wzachodniej czci the 5+5Dialogue, was officially launched inRome in1990. N
Morza rdziemnego
PT 2.The forum involves ten partners (Algeria, Libya, Mauritania,
dilogo 5+5para oMediterrneo ocidental O
RO 5+5Dialog cuprivire lamigraie nzona vest Morocco, Tunisia, France, Italy, Malta, Portugal and Spain) and
Mediteraneean isfacilitated bythe IOM. Its areas ofactivity are information
exchange, joint management ofinternational borders, agreed
P
SK Dialg 5+5omigrcii vzpadnom Stredomor
SL 5+5Dialog omigracijah vzahodnem Sredozemlju forms oflabour migration, migration for development, and pro-
SV no usual translation tection ofthe rights ofmigrants inthe Western Mediterranean
Q
NO 5+5-dialog ommigrasjon idet vestre Middelhavet region.
R
3.For more information see the website ofthe 5+5Dialogue:
http://www.5plus5.gov.mt/en/5plus5dialogue S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
129
F BG
CS
DE
forced labour

nucen prce
Zwangsarbeit
Definition
All work orservice which isexacted from any person under the
menace ofany penalty and for which the said person has not
EL offered themselves voluntarily.
ES trabajo forzoso
ET sunnit Source
FI pakkoty Art.2(1) ofILO Convention No.29, 1930 (Forced Labour
FR travail forc
Convention)
GA obair igeantais
HU knyszermunka
Synonyms
IT lavoro forzato
compulsory labour
LT priverstinis darbas
compulsory work
LV piespiedu darbs
MT Xogol furzat / ta bilfors
NL gedwongen arbeid Related terms
child labour
PL praca przymusowa
exploitation
PT
RO munc forat
SK nten prca
SL prisilno delo
SV tvngsarbete
NO tvangsarbeid
forced marriage
BG Definition
CS nucen satek The union oftwo persons, atleast one ofwhom has not given
DE Zwangsheirat their full and free consent tothe marriage.
EL
ES matrimonio forzado Source
ET sundabielu Art.4ofCouncil ofEurope Resolution 1468 (2005)
FI pakkoavioliitto
FR mariage forc
GA psadh igeantais
HU knyszerhzassg
IT matrimonio forzato
LT priverstin santuoka
LV piespiedu laulbas
MT wie sfurzat / ta bilfors
NL gedwongen huwelijk
PL wymuszone maestwo
PT casamento forado
RO cstorie forat
SK nten manelstvo
SL prisilna poroka
SV tvngsktenskap
NO tvangsekteskap
130
A
forced migrant
B
BG Definition
CS nucen migrant A person subject to a migratory movement in which an element C
DE Zwangsmigrant of coercion exists, including threats to life and livelihood,
EL whether arising from natural or man-made causes (e.g. move- D
ES migrante forzoso ments of refugees and internally displaced persons as well as
ET sundsisserndaja (no usual translation) people displaced by natural or environmental disasters, chemical E
FI pakkomuuttaja or nuclear disasters, famine or development projects).
FR
GA
migrant forc
imirceach igeantais
F
Source
HU knyszer migrns
IT migrante forzato
Derived by EMN from IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed. 2011 G
LT priverstinis migrantas
LV piespiedu migrants
Broader term H
migrant
MT Migrant(a) kostrett(a) / sfurzat(a)
NL gedwongen migrant I
PL migrant przymusowy Narrower terms
PT migrante forado displaced person J
refugee
RO migrant forat
SK nten migrant K
SL prisilni migrant Related terms
SV tvngsmigrant de facto refugee L
NO tvungen migrant economic migrant
forced migration
M
N
forced migration O
BG Definition
P
CS nucen migrace A migratory movement inwhich anelement ofcoercion exists,
DE erzwungene Migration, Zwangsmigration including threats tolife and livelihood, whether arising from nat-
Q
EL ural orman-made causes (e.g. movements ofrefugees and
ES migracin forzosa internally displaced persons aswell aspeople displaced R
ET sundrnne bynatural orenvironmental disasters, chemical ornuclear dis-
FI pakkomuutto asters, famine ordevelopment projects). S
FR migration force
GA imirce igeantais
Source T
HU knyszer migrci
IOM Glossary onMigration, 2nd ed. 2011
IT migrazione forzata U
LT priverstin migracija
LV piespiedu migrcija
Broader term
MT Migrazzjoni kostretta / sfurzata
migration V
NL gedwongen migratie
PL migracja przymusowa Narrower term W
displacement
PT migrao forada
RO migraie forat X
SK nten migrcia Related terms
SL prisilna migracija economicmigration Y
SV tvngsmigration forced
migrant
NO tvangsmigrasjon managed migration Z
131
F forced return
Definition
See removal
Notes
1.The term forced return is not used at all in EU legislation.
Synonyms 2. Council Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive) which

compulsory return regulates the return of migrants whose stay has been found to
removal be illegal refers to post-return decision return as return (not
forced return).
Broader term
return 3. In the EU environment (e.g. in the metadata of Eurostat),
forced return is synonymous with removal i.e. the physical
Related terms transportation out of the country following a return decision.
return decision
4. Outside of EU legislation the term forced return is more com-
monly used and understood as a synonym with compulsory
return i.e. return which occurs in compliance with a return
decision.
foreign population of a country

BG Definition
CS populace cizinc vzemi All persons who have acertain country astheir country ofusual
DE auslndische Bevlkerung eines Landes residence and who are citizens ofanother country.
EL
ES poblacin extranjera Source
ET vlisriigi kodanikest rahvastik OECD Glossary ofStatistical Terms
FI maan ulkomainen vest
FR population trangre dun pays Narrower term
GA daonra eachtrannach tre
stock of foreigners
HU egy orszg klfldi npessge
IT popolazione straniera diun paese
Related term
LT alyje gyvenantys usienieiai migrant stock
LV rvalstnieki
MT Popolazzjoni barranija ta pajji
NL bevolking van buitenlandse nationaliteit
PL populacja cudzoziemcw zkraju
PT populao estrangeira
RO populaie strin
SK populcia cudzincov vkrajine
SL tuje prebivalstvo drave
SV utlndska medborgare
NO et lands utenlandske befolkning (b) /
denutanlandskefolkesetnaden ieit land(n)
132
A
fraudulent travel or identity document
B
BG Definition
CS padlan nebo pozmnn prkaz totonosti Any travel oridentity document: C
DE geflschtes / betrgerisches Reise-oder (i) that has been falsely made oraltered insome material way
Identittsdokument byanyone other than aperson oragency lawfully authorised D
EL tomake orissue the travel oridentity document onbehalf
ES documento deidentidad ode viaje fraudulento ofaState; or E
ET vltsitud reisi- vi isikut tendav dokument (ii) that has been improperly issued orobtained through misrep-
FI vr / vrennetty matkustusasiakirja /
henkiltodistus
resentation, corruption orduress orin any other unlawful man- F
ner; or
FR document devoyage oudidentit frauduleux
(iii) that isbeing used byaperson other than the rightful holder. G
GA bragdhoicimad taistil naitheantais
HU hamis ti vagy szemlyazonossgot igazol okmny
IT documento diviaggio odi identit fraudolento
Source H
Art.3(c) ofProtocol against the Smuggling ofMigrants byLand,
LT suklastotas kelions arasmens dokumentas
LV viltots ceoanas vai personu apliecinos dokuments Sea and Air, supplementing the UNConvention against I
MT Dokument tal-ivjaar jew tal-identit frodulenti / Transnational Organised Crime
qarrieqi J
NL frauduleus reis- ofidentiteitsdocument Synonyms
PL faszywy dokument podry lub tosamoci fraudulent travel document K
fraudulent identity document
PT
RO document decltorie sau identitate fals, falsificat forged travel document
L
sau obinut nmod fraudulos forged identity document
false travel document
SK falon alebo pozmenen cestovn alebo M
identifikan doklad / falon alebo pozmenen false identity document
cestovn doklad alebo doklad totonosti N
SL zlorabljena (lana) potna listina ali dokument Related term
zaizkazovanje identitete travel document
O
SV falsk rese- eller identitetshandling
NO falskt reise- eller identitetsbevis
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
133
F BG
CS
DE
frontier worker

peshranin pracovnk
Grenzarbeitnehmer
Definition
In the EUcontext, aworker who isemployed inthe frontier zone
ofaMember State but who returns each day orat least once
G
EL aweek tothe frontier zone ofaneighbouring country inwhich
ES trabajador transfronterizo they reside and ofwhich they are nationals.
ET piiriala ttaja
FI rajatyntekij Source
FR travailleur frontalier
Council Resolution of20June 1994onlimitation onadmission
GA oibr trasteorann
ofthird-country nationals tothe territory ofthe Member States
HU hatrmenti ingz (munkavllal)
for employment
IT lavoratore straniero frontaliero
LT pasienio darbuotojas
LV prrobeu darba mjs
Related terms
border resident
MT addiem ta mal-fruntiera
cross-border worker
NL grensarbeider
PL pracownik przygraniczny
PT trabalhador fronteirio
RO lucrtor transfrontalier Notes
SK pracovnk zprihraninej oblasti 1.The definition covers inparticular third-country nationals
SL obmejni delavec entering the EUfrom the neighbouring third-country inwhich
SV grnsarbetare they reside.
NO arbeidstaker som grensependler (b) / arbeidstakar
som grensependlar(n) 2.Contrary tocross-border workers, frontier workers work
inthe frontier zone ofthe neighbouring country.
134
G
BG
CS
Geneva Convention of 1951 and Protocol of 1967

1951. 1967.
enevsk mluva ouprchlcch aProtokol zr. 1967
Definition
The UNmultilateral treaty which isthe key legal document
defining who isarefugee and who isnot, the rights ofrefugees
A
B
C
DE Genfer Konvention von 1951und Protokoll von 1967 and the legal obligations ofStates towards them. D
EL
ES Convenio deGinebra de1951yProtocolo de1967 Source E
ET 1951. aGenfi konventsioon ja1967. aprotokoll Geneva Convention of1951and Protocol of1967
FI Geneven yleissopimus vuodelta 1951jasen F
pytkirja vuodelta 1967
Synonyms
FR
GA
Convention deGenve de1951etProtocole de1967
Coinbhinsin naGinive (1951) agus Prtacal
Convention of28July 1951relating tothe status ofrefugees G
and its New York Protocol of31January 1967
naGinive (1967)
HU Az 1951-es Genfi Egyezmny saz 1967-es
CRSR H
Geneva Convention and Protocol
Kiegszt Jegyzknyv
IT Convenzione diGinevra del 1951eProtocollo diNew
The Convention relating tothe Status ofRefugees I
Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol
York del 1967
LT 1951m. enevos konvencija ir1967m. Protokolas
Refugee Convention J
1951 Convention Relating tothe Status ofRefugees and
LV 1951.gada envas konvencija un1967.gada
protokols the1967Protocol Relating tothe Status ofRefugees K
1951Geneva Convention
MT Konvenzjoni (Il-) ta inevra tal-1951ul-Protokol
tal-1967 1967Geneva Protocol
L
NL Geneefse Conventie & Protocol Conventie
van Genve (NL syn.: Verdrag van Genve, Broader term M
(Indailypractice:Vluchtelingenverdrag) refugee law
PL Konwencja Genewska z1951r. iProtok z1967r. N
PT Conveno deGenebra eProtocolo Narrower terms
RO Convenia dela Geneva din 1951iProtocolul Convention grounds for persecution
refugee
O
deImplementare din 1967
SK enevsk dohovor zroku 1951aProtokol P
zroku 1967 / Dohovor oprvnom postaven Related terms
uteencov z28.jla 1951aNewyorsk protokol internationalprotection
z31.janura1967 refugee law
Q
SL enevska konvencija izleta 1951inProtokol United Nations High Commissioner
izleta1967 forRefugees R
SV 1951rs konvention och 1967rs tillggsprotokoll
omflyktingars rttsliga stllning Notes S
NO Genve-konvesjonen (1951) ogGenve-protokollen 1.The 1967Protocol removed geographical and temporal
(1967) restrictions from the Convention. The 1951Convention consoli- T
dates previous international instruments relating torefugees
and provides the most comprehensive codification ofthe rights U
ofrefugees atinternational level. Incontrast toearlier interna-
tional refugee instruments, which applied tospecific groups V
ofrefugees, the 1951endorses asingle definition ofthe term
refugee inArt.1. W
2.The Convention isboth astatus and rights-based instrument and X
isunderpinned byanumber offundamental principles, most nota-
bly non-discrimination, non-penalisation and non-refoulement. Y
Z
135
G BG
CS
DE
gender

gender
soziales Geschlecht
Definition
The socially constructed attributes, roles, activities, responsibili-
ties and needs predominantly connected tobeing male
EL orfemale ingiven societies orcommunities atagiven time.
ES gnero
ET sugu Source
FI sukupuoli Derived byEMN from the list ofConcepts and Definitions onthe
FR genre
UNWoman website
GA inscne
HU (trsadalmi) nem(i szerep)
Related term
IT genere
sex
LT lytis
LV dzimums
MT eneru / ens / Sess
NL gender
PL gender, pe spoeczno-kulturowa
PT gnero
RO gen
SK rod
SL spol
SV genus
NO kjnn
136
A
General Directors of Immigration Services Conference
B
BG Definition
A network established inorder tofacilitate practical cooperation C
CS Sdruen generlnch editel imigranch slueb inthe field ofasylum and migration between the Immigration
DE Konferenz der Generaldirektoren Services ofthe different member countries. D
derEinwanderungsbehrden
EL Source E
Derived bythe EMN from the website ofGDISC
ES Conferencia de Directores Generales F
delosServiciosde Inmigracin
Synonym
ET
FI
sisserndeteenistuste peadirektorite konverentsi
Maahanmuuttovirastojen johtajien konferenssi
GDISC G
FR Confrence des directeurs gnraux
desservicesdimmigration
Related term H
GA Comhdhil Stirthir Ginearlta na Seirbhs Inimirce
HU Bevndorlsi Hatsgok Figazgatinak I
Konferencija
Notes
IT Conferenza dei Direttori generali 1.The GDISC was initiated in2004. J
periserviziallimmigrazione
LT Imigracijos tarnyb generalini direktori konferencija 2.Member countries comprise the 28EUMember States, the K
LV Imigrcijas dienestu enerldirektoru konference three EUcandidate countries (Iceland, Former Yugoslav Republic
MT Konferenza (Il-) tad-Diretturi enerali tas-Servizzi ofMacedonia and Turkey), the potential EUcandidate Bosnia L
tal-Immigrazzjoni and Herzegovina and two Schengen associated countries (NO
NL Conferentie van algemeen directeuren and CH). M
vandeimmigratiediensten
PL Konferencja Dyrektorw Generalnych 3.For more information, see: http://www.gdisc.org/ N
SubImigracyjnych
PT conferncia dos directores-gerais O
dosserviosdeimigrao
RO Conferina Directorilor Generali aiServiciilor P
deImigrare
SK Konferencia generlnych riaditeov
imigranchsluieb
Q
SL Konferenca generalnih direktorjev
slubzapriseljevanje R
SV General Directors of Immigration Services Conference
(no usual translation) S
NO GDISC-konferansen / The General Directors
Immigration Services Conference T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
137
G BG
CS
DE
genocide

genocida
Vlkermord
Definition
An act committed with intent todestroy, inwhole orin part,
anational, ethnical, racial orreligious group.
EL
ES genocidio Source
ET genotsiid Art.2ofthe UNConvention onthe Prevention and Punishment
FI kansanmurha / joukkotuhonta ofthe Crime ofGenocide of1948
FR gnocide
GA cinedhoth
Related terms
HU npirts
IT genocidio
ethnic cleansing
LT genocidas
LV genocds
MT enoidju
Notes
NL genocide (syn. volkerenmoord) 1.Asoutlined inthe Convention, these acts include:
PL ludobjstwo
PT genocdio (a) killing members ofthe group;
RO genocid
SK genocda (b) causing serious bodily ormental harm tomembers
SL genocid ofthegroup;
SV folkmord
NO folkemord (c) deliberately inflicting onthe group conditions oflife calcu-
lated tobring about its physical destruction inwhole
orinpart;
(d) imposing measures intended toprevent births within

thegroup;
(e) forcibly transferring children ofthe group toanother

group.
2.The definition isalso outlined inArt.6ofthe Rome Statute

ofthe International Criminal Court).
138
A
Global Approach to Migration and Mobility
B
BG Related terms
CS Globln pstup kmigraci amobilit Africa Caribbean Pacific Observatory C
DE Gesamtansatz fr Migration und Mobilitt onMigration
EL Africa-EU Migration, Mobility D
ES Enfoque Global dela Migracin andEmploymentPartnership
ET globaalne lhenemine rndele jarahvastiku Asia-Europe Meeting E
liikuvusele Bali Process
FI maahanmuuttoa koskeva kokonaisvaltainen Budapest Process F
lhestymistapa Cotonou Agreement
FR
GA
approche globale sur laquestion des migrations
Cur Chuige Domhanda ileith Imirce
Dialogue on Mediterranean Transit Migration G
EU-LAC Structured Dialogue on Migration
agusSoghluaisteachta
HU a migrci tfog / globlis megkzeltse
European Neighbourhood Policy H
5+5Dialogue onMigration
IT Approccio globale inmateria dimigrazione emobilit
LT Visuotinis poiris migracij irmobilum
intheWesternMediterranean I
Global Forum onMigration and Development
LV visprja pieeja migrcijai unmobilittei
MT Appro Globali gall-Migrazzjoni ul-Mobilit
High-Level Working Group onAsylum J
NL wereldwijde aanpak van migratie andMigration
PL Globalne Podejcie doMigracji iMobilnoci migration profile K
Migration, Asylum, Refugees Regional Initiative
PT abordagem global daimigrao
RO Abordarea Global amigraiei iMobilitate mobility partnership
L
SK Globlny prstup kmigrcii amobilite / GPMM Prague Process
SL Globalni pristop kmigraciji inmobilnosti M
SV no usual translation Notes
NO global tilnrming til migrasjon ogmobilitet 1.The Global Approach toMigration (GAM) was first defined N
bythe European Council inDecember 2005 (COM(2007) 247)
and further developed in2007and 2008. Ithas constituted the
O
Definition framework for the cooperation ofthe EUwith third countries
The overarching framework ofthe European Unions external inthe area ofmigration and asylum. The Stockholm Pro-
migration policy based ongenuine partnership with non-EU gramme adopted in2009also acknowledged the importance
P
countries and addressing all aspects ofmigration and mobility ofconsolidating, strengthening and implementing the GAM.
issues inan integrated, comprehensive and balanced manner.
Q
2.The approach comprises the whole migration agenda, includ-
Source ing legal and irregular migration, combating trafficking R
Communication onthe Global Approach toMigration and inhuman beings and smuggling ofmigrants, strengthening
Mobility, COM(2011) 743final protection for refugees, enhancing migrant rights and harness- S
ing the positive links that exist between migration and
Synonyms development. T
GAMM
Global Approach toMigration 3.In2011, the global approach was evaluated. Asaresult U
GAM ofthis, the Commission highlighted the need for further
strengthening the external migration policy and published V
Narrower terms inNovember 2011the Communication onthe Global Approach
Cooperation Platform onMigration toMigration and Mobility, COM(2011) 743final onanew W
andDevelopment impetus tothe EUs external migration policy. The renewed
migration profile GAMM focuses onfour main priorities: improving the organisa- X
migration routes initiative tion oflegal migration and facilitated mobility, preventing and
reducing irregular migration inan efficient, yet humane way, Y
strengthening the synergies between migration and develop-
ment, and strengthening international protection systems and Z
the external dimension ofasylum.
139
G BG
CS
DE

Globln frum kmigraci arozvoji
Weltforum ber Migration und Entwicklung
Definition
An initiative ofthe UNMember States toaddress the migration
and development interconnections inpractical and action-orien-
EL tated ways.
ES Foro Mundial sobre Migracin yDesarrollo
ET lemaailmne rnde-ja arengupoliitika foorum Source
FI Muuttoliikett jakehityst ksittelev Website ofthe Global Forum onMigration and Development
maailmanlaajuinen foorumi
FR Forum mondial sur lamigration etle dveloppement
Synonym
GA Fram Domhanda maidir lehImirce agus Forbairt
GFMD
HU Migrcis sFejlesztsi Globlis Frum
IT Forum Globale suMigrazione eSviluppo
LT Pasaulinis migracijos irvystymosi forumas
Related terms
Cooperation Platform onMigration and
LV Pasaules forums par migrciju unattstbu
MT Forum Globali fuq Migrazzjoni uvilupp Development
Cotonou Agreement
NL Globaal Forum omtrent Migratie enOntwikkeling
Dialogue on Mediterranean Transit Migration
PL wiatowe Forum naRzecz. Migracji iRozwoju
PT Forum global sobre migraes edesenvolvimento
migration profile
RO Forumul Glrobal cuprivire laMigraie iDezvoltare
SK Globlne frum omigrcii arozvoji
SL Globalni forum omigraciji inrazvoju Notes
SV Globalt forum fr migration och utveckling 1.The first session ofthe GFMD was held in2007.
NO Globalt forum for migrasjon ogutvikling
2.The GFMD isavoluntary, informal, non-binding and govern-
ment-led process open toall States and Observers ofthe UN,
toadvance understanding and cooperation onthe mutually rein-
forcing relationship between migration and development.
3.For more information, see the website ofGFMD:

www.gfmd.org
140
A
group determination of refugee status
B
BG Definition
CS no translation A practice bywhich all persons forming part ofalarge-scale C
DE Gruppenfeststellung der Flchtlingseigenschaft influx are regarded asrefugees onaprima facie basis, ensuring
EL that protection and assistance needs are met without prior indi- D
vidual determination ofrefugee status.
ES determinacin colectiva dela condicin derefugiado E
ET grupi pagulasseisundi kindlaksmramine Source
FI pakolaisaseman ryhmmrittminen F
FR dtermination collective dustatut derfugi
GA
HU
stdas ddeana a chinneadh ar bhun grpa
we donot use this term, itcould betranslated
Synonym G
prima facie determination ofrefugee status
ascsoportos elismers menekltknt
IT riconoscimento collettivo dello status dirifugiato
H
LT pabglio statusas (suteikiamas grupei)
Related terms
LV bga statusa noteikana grupai
group persecution I
prima facie refugee
MT Garfien kollettiv tal-istatus ta rifujat
NL vaststelling van prima facie vluchtelingschap J
(syn.:vaststelling van vluchtelingschap zonder meer) Note
PL grupowe uznanie statusu uchodcy Refugee status must normally bedetermined onan individual K
PT determinao colectiva doestatuto derefugiado basis, but when large populations are displaced under circum-
(refugiados prima facie) stances that indicate that most members ofthe population could L
RO determinarea statutului derefugiat ncazul unui grup individually beconsidered refugees, and where the need toprovide
SK skupinov urenie tattu uteenca protection and assistance isurgent and / or where itmay not M
SL skupinsko doloanje statusa begunca bepossible for practical reasons tocarry out anindividual deter-
SV no translation mination ofrefugee status, each member ofthat population N
NO gruppeavgjrelse avflyktningstatus (b) / inquestion can beregarded prima facie (in the absence ofevi-
gruppeavgjerd avflyktningestatus(n) dence tothe contrary) asarefugee. Inother words, the presump-
tion isthat individual members ofthe population concerned would
O
beconsidered asrefugees inneed ofprotection. For more infor-
mation, see UNHCR: Refugee status determination 2005:
P
http://www.refworld.org/pdfid/43141f5d4.pdf
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
141
G BG
CS
Group of Eight Roma-Lyon Group,
Migration Experts Sub-Group
no translation
G8 - skupina m - Lyon, podskupina migranch
expert
Definition
A working group within the framework ofG8countries which
tackles irregular migration and trafficking inthe broader con-
DE Gruppe der Acht (Rom-Lyon-Gruppe), Untergruppe text ofcombating terrorism and transnational crime.
von Migrationsexperten
EL Source
ES subgrupo deexpertos enmigracin Roma / Website ofthe Group ofEight Roma-Lyon Group
LyondelG8
ET G8, rnde-ekspertide alagrupp
Synonyms
FI G8-maiden Roma / Lyon-ryhmn maahanmuuttaja- G8Lyon / Roma Migration Experts Sub-Group
asiantuntijoiden alatyryhm
Roma-Lyon Group
FR sous-groupe des experts enmigrations duGroupe
deLyon / Rome (G8)
GA Fo-Ghrpa G8Lyon / na Rimhe
Notes
1.The G8Roma-Lyon Group mainly focuses onstrategies relat-
deShaineolaitheImirce
ing topublic security inan effort tocombat terrorism and trans-
HU G8Lyon / Rma Migrcis Szakrti Alcsoport
IT Sottogruppo G8Roma / national crime. Itgathers experts who are all civil servants from
Lionediespertiinmigrazione(R / L) the G8members, mainly from justice, foreign affairs and law
LT Didiojo atuoneto Liono / Romos ekspert migracijos enforcement services and intelligence agencies. The Group con-
klausimais pogrupis sists ofseveral sub-groups dealing with different aspects
LV G8Romas - Lionas grupas migrcijas ekspertu oftransnational crime.
apakgrupa
MT Grupp (Il-) ta appo G8Lyon-Roma besperti fuq 2.G8countries are Canada, FR, DE, IT, Japan, Russia, UKand the
il-migrazzjoni United States ofAmerica, with the European Commission also
NL G8Lyon / Roma Migration Experts Sub-Group attending meetings.
PL Podgrupa ekspertw wzakresie migracji Lyon /
Rzym- G8
PT subgrupo deperitos demigrao Leo / Roma G8
RO no usual translation
SK Podskupina migranch expertov skupiny
G8LyonRm
SL Skupna osmih Rim - Lion, Podskupina strokovnjakov
zamigracije
SV G8:s Roma / Lyon-grupp
NO G8Lyon / Roma-undergruppen
avmigrasjonseksperter (b) / G8Lyon /
Romaundergruppa avmigrasjonsekspertar(n)
142
A
group persecution
B
BG Source
CS no translation Definition according tothe consistent practice ofthe German C
DE Gruppenverfolgung Federal Administrative Court based onruling of15May 1990
EL () 9C17.89 D
ES no translation
ET grupi tagakiusamine Broader term E
FI ryhmn kohdistuva vaino persecution
FR perscution lencontre dun groupe F
GA garleanint grpa
Related terms
HU
IT
no translation
persecuzione digruppo
act of persecution G
LT persekiojamoji grup
LV grupas vajana
group determination ofrefugee status H
prima facie refugee
MT Persekuzzjoni ta grupp(-i) ta nies
NL groepsvervolging I
PL grupowe przeladowanie Notes
PT grupo alvo deperseguio 1.This concept has nolegal definition inthe Member States. J
RO persecuie degrup
SK prenasledovanie skupiny 2.Group isinterpreted broadly asreferring topersons ofapar- K
SL skupinsko preganjanje ticular religious belief, social (e.g. homosexuals), and / or coming
SV frfljelse aven grupp from aparticular region within acountry. L
NO forflgelse aven gruppes medlemmer (b) /
forflgingavmedlemmene avei gruppe(n) 3.Anassumption ofgroup persecution requires acertain inten- M
sity ofpersecution towarrant the general assumption ofthe
individual persecution ofeach group member, irrespective N
Definition ofwhether anindividual has indeed been the victim ofsuch per-
A concept which recognises that persecution can beenacted secution. This requires athreat emanating from solarge anum-
ber ofviolations ofrights protected byasylum law that itgoes
O
against members ofasection ofthe population (a group) that
issuffering oppression oris threatened asawhole inits home beyond separate individual infringements oralarge number
country according toone ofthe criteria defined inthe Geneva ofindividual infringements, but rather constitutes acts ofperse-
P
Convention of1951toan extent that the members ofsuch cution inthe specific territory aimed atthe group asawhole
agroup are not only covertly orpotentially atrisk, but quite tan- which increase, are repeated and spread tosuch anextent that
Q
gibly and imminently requiring thus acertain intensity ofperse- there isnot only apossibility, but adirect imminent danger
cution towarrant the general assumption ofthe individual ofbecoming avictim oneself for any member ofsuch agroup. R
persecution ofeach group member, irrespective ofwhether
anindividual has indeed been the victim ofsuch persecution. 4.With consideration tothe general principle ofsubsidiarity S
Inany case, whilst agroup may bepersecuted, anapplication inrefugee law, group persecution will only entitle arefugee
for international protection must beexamined onan individual toprotection abroad, ifthe danger ispresent inthe entire terri- T
basis inthe Member States, and not all together asone group. tory ofthe country oforigin, i.e. ifthere isno internal alternative
for protection. For the purposes ofthe danger ofpersecution U
after return, such aninternal alternative must bereasonable and
accessible from the country ofrefuge. V
5.For more information ongroup persecution, see the European W
Database ofAsylum Law(EDAL): http://www.asylumlawdatabase.
eu/en/case-law-search?search_api_views_fulltext=group+perse- X
cution&=Search+EDAL+summaries, i.e. German Federal Admin-
istrative Court, ruling of12April 2009 10C11.08. Y
Z
143
G BG
CS
DE
guest worker

no translation
Gastarbeiter
Definition
An economic migrant recruited for arestricted time ofsettle-
ment and employment.
H
EL
ES trabajador invitado Source
ET vrttaja Developed byEMN
FI vierastylinen
FR travailleur tranger
Broader term
GA aoi-oibr economic migrant
HU vendgmunks
IT lavoratore ospite
Related term
LT besisveiuojantis darbuotojas
migrant worker
LV viesstrdnieks
MT addiem mistieden
NL gastarbeider Note
PL gastarbaiter This term isno longer used inthe EUcontext. Itwas more orless
PT trabalhador convidado restricted tomigration flows inthe 1950s and 1960s.
RO lucrtor vizitator
SK zahranin hosujci pracovnk
SL gostujoi delavec
SV gstarbetare
NO gjestearbeider (b) / gjestearbeidar(n)
144
H
BG
CS
DE
harassment

obtovn
Belstigung
Definition
Unwanted conduct related toracial orethnic origin with the pur-
pose oreffect ofviolating the dignity ofaperson and ofcreating
A
B
C
EL anintimidating, hostile, degrading, humiliating oroffensive D
ES acoso environment.
ET ahistamine E
FI hirint Source
FR harclement F
Art.2 (3) ofCouncil Directive 2000/43/EC (Racial Equality
GA ciapadh
Directive)
HU zaklats
IT molestia
G
LT
LV
priekabiavimas
uzmkans
H
MT Molestja / Fastidju
NL intimidatie I
PL molestowanie
PT perseguio J
RO persecuie, hruire
SK obaovanie K
SL nadlegovanje
SV trakasserier L
NO trakassering / mobbing
M
N
harmful onward movement O
P
CS no translation The movement ofrefugees and migrants bydangerous means
DE gefhrliche Weiterwanderung from one location toanother.
Q
EL
ES movimientos irregulares peligrosos Source R
ET ohtlik (edasi) liikumine Derived byEMN from UNHCR: Draft Proposal for aCentral
FI vaarallisin keinoin siirtyminen (uudistermi) Mediterranean Sea Initiative: EUsolidarity for rescue-at-sea, pro- S
FR mouvement secondaire dangereux
tection and comprehensive responses, 2013
GA athghluaiseacht dhainsarach T
HU kt hely kztti veszlyes tjuts
Notes
IT spostamento pericoloso U
1.Harmful movement may include movement that risks peoples
LT pavojingas judjimas pirmyn
lives (e.g. bysea) orwhich puts them atrisk oftrafficking.
LV bstama prvietoans
MT Mogdija l quddiem dannua / ta sara
V
NL no translation 2.This term has only been recently put into use bypractitioners.
PL niebezpieczne dalsze przemieszczanie si
W
PT
RO micare deavansare periculoas X
SK riskantn presvanie sauteencov amigrantov
SL kodljivo gibanje, kigre dalje / Y
kodljivogibanje,kisenadaljuje
SV No translation Z
NO risikabel viderereise (b) / risikabel vidarereise(n)
145
H BG
CS
High-Level Working Group on Asylum and Migration

pracovn skupina navysok rovni pro azyl amigraci
Definition
A strategic group which works under the auspices ofthe
European Council and which was set upto establish acompre-
DE Hochrangige Arbeitsgruppe Asyl und Einwanderung hensive and integrated strategy for the EUs cooperation with
EL third countries inthe area ofasylum and migration.

ES grupo detrabajo dealto nivel sobre migracin yasilo Source
ET krgetasemine varjupaiga jarnde trhm
Conclusions ofthe General Affairs Council, December 1998
FI turvapaikka- jamaahanmuuttoasioiden korkean
tason tyryhm
Synonym
FR Groupe dehaut niveau Asile etMigration
HLWG
GA Grpa Oibre Ardleibhil maidir le Tearmann
agusImirce
HU Magas Szint Menekltgyi sMigrcis
Related terms
Global
Approach toMigration and Mobility
Munkacsoport
Strategic
Committee onImmigration, Frontiers
IT Gruppo dilavoro adalto livello inmateria diasilo
emigrazione and Asylum
LT Prieglobsio irmigracijos aukto lygio darbo grup
LV Augsta lmea darba grupa migrcijas unpatvruma Notes
jautjumos 1.The HLWG was set upin December 1998toprepare cross-pillar
MT Grupp ta idma ta Livell Goli dwar l-Ail Action Plans for the countries oforigin and transit ofasylum
ul-Migrazzjoni seekers and migrants.
NL Werkgroep ophoog niveau voor asiel enmigratie
PL Grupa Robocza Wysokiego Szczebla ds. Azylu 2.The HLWGs focus ison external relations with third countries,
iMigracji particularly within the context ofthe Global Approach toMigra-
PT grupo alto nvel asilo emigrao tion and Mobility. Its objective isto strengthen the external
RO Grupul delucru lanivel nalt ndomeniul migraiei dimension ofthe EUs asylum and migration policies based
iazilului ondialogue, cooperation and partnership with countries oforigin
SK Pracovn skupina navysokej rovni pre azyl and transit inthe areas oflegal migration, irregular migration,
amigrciu migration and development. The Group also prepares conclu-
SL Delovna skupina visokih predstavnikov zaazil sions and recommendations onasylum and migration tobe
inmigracije adopted bythe Council. They carry out anassessment ofthe
SV Hgnivgruppen fr asyl och migration political, economic and human rights situation incountries ofori-
NO hynivgruppen for asyl ogmigrasjon (b) / gin and provide ajoint analysis ofthe causes and consequences
hgnivgruppa for asyl ogmigrasjon(n) ofmigration.
146
A
highly qualified employment
B
BG Definition
CS zamstnn vyadujc vysokou kvalifikaci The employment ofaperson who: C
DE hochqualifizierte Beschftigung (a) inthe Member State concerned, isprotected asan employee
EL under national employment law and / or inaccordance with D
ES empleo altamente cualificado national practice, irrespective ofthe legal relationship, for the
ET krgelt kvalifitseeritud t purpose ofexercising genuine and effective work for, orunder E
FI korkeaa ptevyytt vaativa ty the direction of, someone else;
FR emploi hautement qualifi F
(b) ispaid; and,
GA fostaocht ardchilochta
(c) has the required adequate and specific competence,
HU Magasan kpzett szemly /
Munkavllalfoglalkoztatsa
asproven byhigher professional qualifications. G
IT
LT
lavoro altamente qualificato
auktos profesins kvalifikacijos darbas
Source H
Art.2(b) ofCouncil Directive 2009/50/EC (Blue Card Directive)
LV augsti kvalificta nodarbintba
MT Impjieg bikwalifiki goljin I
NL hooggekwalificeerde baan Related terms
PL zatrudnienie pracownikw wysoko wykwalifikowanych EU Blue Card J
highly qualified migrant
PT emprego altamente qualificado
RO loc demunc nalt calificat K
SK vysokokvalifikovan zamestnanie Note
SL visoko kvalificirana zaposlitev In some Member States, there isadistinction between highly L
SV hgkvalificerad anstllning skilled, referring tosomeone who has the required adequate
NO sysselsetting avhyt kvalifisert arbeidskraft (b) / and specific competence asproven byhigher educational quali- M
sysselsetjing avhgt kvalifisert arbeidskraft(n) fications and / or extensive (vocational) experience; and highly
qualified, referring tosomeone who has required adequate and N
specific competence asproven byhigher educational qualifica-
tions only. Inthe EUcontext, however, these terms are consid-
O
ered tobe interchangeable, e.g. the definition for highly skilled
used inRegulation (EC) No. 862/2007 (Migration Statistics
Regulation) uses the definition for highly qualified.
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
147
H BG
CS

vysoce kvalifikovan zamstnanec; vysoce
kvalifikovan pracovnk
Definition
In the global context, aperson falling within ILO ISCO-88Classes
1, 2and 3, e.g. aperson qualified asamanager, executive, pro-
DE hochqualifizierter Migrant fessional, technician orsimilar, who moves within the internal
EL labour markets oftransnational corporations and international
ES persona migrante altamente cualificada organisations, orwho seeks employment through international
ET krgelt kvalifitseeritud sisserndaja labour markets for scarce skills.
FI korkeasti koulutettu maahanmuuttaja
In the EUcontext, athird-country national who seeks employ-
FR migrant hautement qualifi
ment inaMember State and has the required adequate and spe-
GA imirceach ardchilithe
cific competence, asproven byhigher professional qualifications.
HU magasan kpzett migrns
IT migrante altamente qualificato
LT auktos profesins kvalifikacijos migrantas
Source
Global context: UNESCO Glossary ofMigration-related Terms
LV augsti kvalificts migrants
MT Migrant(a) bikwalifiki goljin EU context: Derived byEMN from Art.2(b) ofCouncil Directive
NL hooggekwalificeerde migrant 2009/50/EC (Blue Card Directive)
PL migrant wysoko wykwalifikowany
PT Migrante altamente qualificado Synonyms
business migrant
RO migrant nalt calificat
highly qualified migrant worker
SK vysokokvalifikovan migrant
SL visoko kvalificiran migrant highly skilled migrant
SV hgkvalificerad migrant
NO hyt kvalifisert migrant (b) / Broader term
hgtkvalifisertmigrant(n) migrant worker
Related terms
EUBlue Card
highly
qualified employment
mutual recognition agreement
Notes
1.Insome Member States, there isadistinction between highly
skilled, referring tosomeone who has the required adequate
and specific competence, asproven byhigher educational qual-
ifications, and / or extensive (vocational) experience; and highly
qualified, referring tosomeone who has required adequate and
specific competence, asproven byhigher educational qualifica-
tions only. Inthe EUcontext, however, these terms are consid-

ered tobe interchangeable, e.g. the definition for highly skilled
used inthe Migratory Statistics Regulation (862/2007) uses the
definition for highly qualified.
2.The understanding ofwho isahighly qualified and aquali-

fied third-country national varies inthe Member States, with
different definitions and concepts existing. Often these depend
onnational labour market demands and other national criteria.
For more information, see EMN: Attracting highly qualified and
qualified third-country nationals, 2013.
148
A
host country
B
BG Definition
CS hostitelsk stt The Member State / country inwhich athird-country national / C
DE Aufnahmeland non-national takes upresidence.
EL D
ES pas deacogida Source
ET vastuvttev riik Developed byEMN E
FI vastaanottava maa
FR pays daccueil F
Synonym
GA tr aochta receiving country
HU fogad orszg
IT paese ospitante
G
Narrower term
LT
LV
priimanioji valstyb
uzmjvalsts
host Member State H
MT Pajji lijilqa
NL gastland Related terms I
host society
PL kraj przyjmujcy
PT pas deacolhimento right ofresidence J
RO ar gazd
SK hostitesk krajina / prijmajca krajina K
SL drava gostiteljica
SV vrdland L
NO vertsland
M
N
host Member State O
BG Definition
P
CS hostitelsk lensk stt The Member State towhich aunion citizen moves inorder
DE Aufnahmemit- gliedstaat toexercise their right tofree movement and residence.
Q
EL -
ES Estado Miembro deacogida Source R
ET vastuvttev liikmesriik Art.2(3) ofCouncil
FI vastaanottava jsenvaltio Directive 2004/38/EC (Free Movement Directive) S
FR tat membre daccueil
GA ballstt aochta Broader term T
HU befogad tagllam host country
IT Stato membro ospitante U
LT priimanioji valstyb nar
LV uzmjdalbvalsts V
MT Stat Membru Ospitanti
NL gastlidstaat
PL przyjmujce pastwo czonkowskie
W
PT estado membro deacolhimento
RO Stat Membu gazd X
SK hostitesk lensk tt / prijmajci lensk tt
SL gostujoa drava lanica Y
SV mottagande medlemsstat
NO vertsmedlemsland Z
149
H BG
CS
DE
host society

hostitelsk spolenost
Aufnahmegesellschaft
Definition
In the EUcontext, residents (both nationals and non-nationals)
ofanational / regional / local community within aMember State.
EL
ES sociedad deacogida Source
ET vastuvttev hiskond Developed byEMN
FI vastaanottava yhteiskunta
FR socit daccueil
Related terms
GA socha stach Common Basic Principles
HU befogad trsadalom
host country
IT societ diaccoglienza
host Member State
LT priimanioji visuomen
integration
LV vietj sabiedrba
MT Sojet litilqa
NL gastsamenleving (syn.: gastmaatschappij) Note
PL spoeczestwo przyjmujce In accordance with integration being adynamic, two-way pro-
PT sociedade deacolhimento cess, the activities undertaken bythe host society serve tofacil-
RO societate gazd itate the integration ofathird-country national according
SK hostitesk spolonos / prijmajca spolonos tothe Common Basic Principles.
SL gostujoa druba
SV vrdsamhlle
NO vertssamfunn
human rights
BG Definition
CS lidsk prva Agreed international standards that recognise and protect the
DE Menschenrechte dignity and integrity ofevery individual, without any distinction.
EL
ES derechos humanos Source
ET inimigused UNHCR Master Glossary ofterms
FI ihmisoikeudet
FR droits delhomme
Related term
GA cearta anduine

HU emberi jogok
oftheEuropean Union
IT diritti umani
European Convention on Human Rights
LT mogaus teiss
LV cilvktiesbas
MT Drittijiet (Id-) tal-bniedem
NL mensenrechten
PL prawa czowieka Note
PT Human rights form part ofcustomary international law and are
RO drepturile omului stipulated inavariety ofnational, regional and international legal
SK udsk prva documents generally referred toas human rights instruments.
SL lovekove pravice
SV mnskliga rttigheter
NO menneskerettigheter (b) / menneskerettar(n)
150
A
human rights law
B
BG Definition
CS zkony olidskch prvech The body ofcustomary international law, human rights instru- C
DE Menschenrechte, internationale Menschenrechts- ments and national law that recognises and protects human
normen rights. D
EL
ES legislacin dederechos humanos Source E
ET inimiguste igus UNHCR Master Glossary ofterms
FI ihmisoikeuslainsdnt F
FR droit relatif aux droits delhomme
Related terms
GA na dlthe ileith Chearta anDuine, reachtaocht
European Convention on Human Rights G
ileithChearta anDuine
refugee law
HU
IT
emberi jogok
diritto dei diritti umani
H
LT mogaus teisi teis
Note
LV cilvktiesbas Refugee law and human rights law complement each other. I
MT Lii (Il-) dwar id-drittijiet tal-bniedem
NL humanitair recht J
PL prawo praw czowieka
PT K
RO legislaia privind drepturile omului
SK prvo voblasti udskch prv L
SL pravo olovekovih pravicah
SV lagstiftning till skydd fr mnskliga rttigheter M
NO menneskerettslovgivning (b) /
menneskerettslovgjeving(n) N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
151
H BG
CS
DE
humanitarian protection

humanitrn ochrana
humanitrer Schutz
Notes
1.The UKhas opted into the Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast
Qualification Directive) but does not (legally) use the term
I
EL subsidiary protection. The inclusion ofhumanitarian protection
ES proteccin humanitaria within the UKimmigration rules fully transposes the subsidiary
ET humanitaarkaitse protection provisions ofthe Qualification Directive into UKlaw,
FI humanitaarinen suojelu asit isdefined asprotection given tosomeone under the terms
FR protection humanitaire
ofthe European Convention onHuman Rights.
GA cosaint dhaonnil
HU humanitrius vdelem
2.IEhas also opted-into the Qualification Directive, and uses the
IT protezione umanitaria
term leave toremain.
LT humanitarin apsauga
LV humn aizsardzba
3.InDE, FIand IT, humanitarian protection and subsidiary protec-
MT Protezzjoni umanitarja
NL bescherming ophumanitaire gronden tion are different concepts. InDE and IT, humanitarian protection
PL ochrona ocharakterze humanitarnym isthe reception and residence ofrefugees under international law
PT proteco humanitria oron humanitarian orpolitical (DE only) grounds, and inFI,
RO protecie umanitar humanitarian protection isgranted toforeign nationals who can-
SK humanitrna ochrana not return totheir country oforigin orcountry offormer habitual
SL humanitarna zaita residence asaresult ofan environmental catastrophe orabad
SV humanitrt skydd security situation, which may bedue toan international orinternal
NO beskyttelse phumanitrt grunnlag (b) / armed conflict orapoor human rights situation.
vernphumanitrt grunnlag(n)
4.InEE, LV, this term isnot used.
Definition 5.ATand ESuse asimilar expression, namely residence permit

A form ofnon-EU harmonised protection nowadays normally onhumanitarian grounds.
replaced bysubsidiary protection, except insome Member
States (see Notes). 6.InBG, humanitarian protection encompasses subsidiary pro-
tection aswell asprotection granted for other humanitarian rea-
Source sons (see Art.9, SGNo 52of2007).
Developed byEMN
7.InNO, aresidence permit may begranted, even ifthe other
Broader term conditions laid down inthe Act are not satisfied, provided there
protection are strong humanitarian considerations orthe foreign national
has aparticular connection with the realm. Todetermine whether
Related terms there are strong humanitarian considerations, anoverall assess-
de facto refugee ment shall bemade ofthe case. Importance may beattached,
international protection inter alia, towhether the foreign national isan unaccompanied
subsidiary protection minor who would bewithout proper care ifthey were returned;
the foreign national needs tostay inthe realm due tocompelling
health circumstances; there are social orhumanitarian circum-
stances relating tothe return situation that give grounds for
granting aresidence permit; the foreign national has been avic-
tim ofhuman trafficking. (For further information, see Immigra-
tion Act ofMay 2008, Chaper 5, Section 38).
152
I BG
CS
DE
identification of a victim of trafficking in human beings

identifikace obti obchodovn slidmi
Feststellung/ Identifizierung eines Opfers
Definition
The process ofconfirming and characterising asituation oftraf-
ficking inhuman beings for further implementation ofsupport.
A
B
C
vonMenschenhandel D
EL Source
ES identificacin devctima detrata deseres humanos Derived byEMN from Varandas, I. & J. Martins: Signalling E
ET inimkaubanduse ohvri tuvastamine Identification Integration ofVictims ofTrafficking for Sexual
FI ihmiskaupan uhrin tunnistaminen F
Exploitation: Construction ofaGuide, 2007
FR identification dune victime dela traite
destreshumains
Broader term G
GA ospartach ginnela ashainaithint
HU emberkereskedelem ldozatnak azonostsa
IT identificazione della vittima ditratta diesseri umani
H
Narrower term
LT
LV
prekybos monmis aukos nustatymas
cilvku tirdzniecbas upura identificana
formal
identification ofavictim oftrafficking I
MT Identifikazzjoni (L-) ta vittma fit-traffikar tal-persuni inhuman beings
NL herkennen van een slachtoffer van mensenhandel J
PL identyfikacja ofiar handlu ludmi Related term
PT detection
ofavictim oftrafficking K
RO identificarea unei victime atraficului defiine umane inhumanbeings
SK identifikcia obete obchodovania sumi L
SL prepoznavanje rtve trgovine zljudmi
SV identifiering avoffer fr mnniskohandel M
NO identifisering avoffer for menneskehandel
N
identified victim of trafficking in human beings O
BG Definition
P
CS identifikovan ob obchodovn slidmi A person who has been formally identified asavictim oftraf-
DE identifiziertes Opfer von Menschenhandel ficking inhuman beings according tothe relevant formal author-
Q
EL ity inMember States.
ES victima reconocida detrata deseres humanos R
ET (tuvastatud) inimkaubanduse ohver Source
FI tunnistettu ihmiskaupan uhri Derived byEMN from Eurostat: Trafficking inhuman beings, S
FR victime identifie dela traite des tres humains
2013
GA ospartach ginnela sainaitheanta T
HU emberkereskedelem azonostott ldozata
Broader term
IT vittima identificata ditratta diesseri umani U
LT nustatyta prekybos monmis auka
LV identificts cilvku tirdzniecbas upuris
MT Vittma identifikata fit-traffikar tal-persuni
Related term V
vulnerable person
NL gedentificeerd slachtoffer van mensenhandel
PL zidentyfikowana ofiara handlu ludmi
W
PT
RO victim atraficului defiine umane identificat X
SK identifikovan obe obchodovania sumi
SL identificirana rtev trgovine zljudmi Y
SV identifierat offer fr mnniskohandel
NO identifisert offer for menneskehandel Z
153
I BG
CS
DE
illegal employment

neoprvnn zamstnvn
illegale Beschftigung
Definition
Economic activity carried out inviolation ofprovisions set
bylegislation.
EL
ES empleo ilegal Source
ET ebaseaduslik ttamine Derived byEMN from definition for clandestine employment
FI laiton tynteko inthe ILO Thesaurus, 6th ed., 2008
FR emploi illgal
GA fostaocht neamhdhleathach
Synonym
HU illeglis foglalkoztats
clandestine employment
IT lavoro illegale
LT nelegalus darbas
LV nelikumga nodarbintba
Narrower terms
illegal employment of an illegally staying
MT Impjieg illegali
NL illegale tewerkstelling third-country national
illegal employment ofalegally staying
(syn.:illegalearbeid,zwartwerken)
PL nielegalne zatrudnienie third-country national
PT emprego ilegal
RO angajare ilegal, munc lanegru Related term
irregular migrant
SK neleglne zamestnvanie
SL ilegalna zaposlitev / nezakonita zaposlitev
SV olaglig anstllning / sysselsttning Notes
NO illegalt arbeid 1.Inthe EUcontext, this covers both the illegal employment
ofathird-country national who isirregularly staying onthe ter-
ritory ofaMember State and ofalegally resident third-country
national working outside the conditions ofthe residence permit
and / or without awork permit.
2.Inthe context ofDirective 2009/52/EC (Employer Sanctions

Directive) this means the employment ofan illegally staying
third-country national (see Art.2(d)).
154
illegal employment of an illegally staying
A
B
BG Definition
The employment ofan illegally staying third-country national. C
CS neoprvnn zamstnvn neoprvnn
pobvajcho sttnho pslunka tet zem Source D
DE illegale Beschftigung eines Drittstaatsangehrigen Art.2 (d) ofCouncil Directive 2009/52/EC (Employer Sanctions
ohne rechtmigen Aufenthalt Directive) E
EL
Broader term F
ES empleo ilegal denacional detercer pas illegal employment
ensituacinirregular G
ET ebaseaduslikult riigis viibiva kolmanda riigi kodaniku
Related terms
ebaseadusliku ttamise vimaldamine
FI laittomasti oleskelevan kolmannen maan kansalaisen
employer sanction H
illegal employment of a legally staying
FR
laiton tynteko
emploi illegal dun ressortissant depays tiers
third-country national found
I
ensjour irrgulier
GA fost neamhdhleathach nisinaigh tr tr at tobeillegallypresent J
ilthair go neamhdhleathach
HU illeglisan tartzkod harmadik orszgbeli Note K
llampolgrok illeglis foglalkoztatsa The term itself has been slightly modified from the Employer
IT lavoro illegale diun cittadino diun paese terzo Sanctions Directive definition inorder tobe more explicit. L
irregolarmente soggiornante
LT neteistai alyje esanio treiosios alies pilieio M
nelegalus darbas
LV tres valsts pilsoa, kas nelikumgi uzturas valst, N
nelikumga nodarbintba
MT Impjieg illegali ta ittadin(a) minn pajji terz O
residenti bmod regolari
NL illegale tewerkstelling van illegaal verblijvende P
derdelanders
PL nielegalne zatrudnienie obywatela pastwa trzeciego
przebywajcego nielegalnie
Q
PT emprego deimigrantes ilegais
RO angajarea ilegal astrinilor cuedere ilegal R
SK neleglne zamestnvanie neoprvnene
sazdriavajcich ttnych prslunkov tretch krajn S
SL nezakonita zaposlitev dravljana tretje drave,
kinezakonito prebiva T
SV olaglig anstllning avtredjelandsmedborgare som
vistas olagligt U
NO ulovlig sysselsetting avtredjestatsborgere
uten lovlig opphold (b) / ulovleg sysselsetjing V
avtredjestatsborgarar utan lovleg opphald(n)
W
X
Y
Z
155
I BG
CS
illegal employment of a legally staying

neoprvnn zamstnvn oprvnn pobvajcho
Definition
Employment ofalegally staying third-country national working
outside the conditions oftheir residence permit and / or without
sttnho pslunka tet zem awork permit. This issubject toeach Member States nationallaw.
DE illegale Beschftigung eines Drittstaatsangehrigen
mit rechtmigem Aufenthalt Source
EL Derived byEMN from definition ofillegal employment
inArt.2(d) ofCouncil Directive 2009/52/EC (Employer Sanctions
ES empleo ilegal denacional detercer pas ensituacin
Directive)
deresidencia legal
ET seaduslikult riigis viibiva kolmanda riigi kodaniku
Broader term
ebaseadusliku ttamise vimaldamine
illegal employment
FI laillisesti oleskelevan kolmannen maan kansalaisen
laiton tynteko
FR emploi illgal dun ressortissant depays tiers
ensjour rgulier
GA fostaocht neamhdhleathach nisinaigh tr tr at
ilthair goneamhdhleathach
HU jogszeren / leglisan tartzkod harmadik
orszgbeli llampolgrok illeglis foglalkoztatsa
IT lavoro illegale diun cittadino diun paese terzo
regolarmente soggiornante
LT teistai alyje esanio treiosios alies pilieio
nelegalus darbas
LV tres valsts pilsoa, kas likumgi uzturas valst,
nelikumga nodarbintba
MT Impieg illegali ta ittadin(a) minn pajji terz residenti
bmod irregolari
NL illegale tewerkstelling van legaal verblijvende
derdelanders
PL nielegalne zatrudnienie obywatela pastwa trzeciego
przebywajcego legalnie
PT emprego ilegal
RO angajarea ilegal astrinilor cuedere legal
SK neleglne zamestnvanie oprvnene
sazdriavajcich ttnych prslunkov tretch krajn
SL nezakonita zaposlitev dravljana tretje drave,
kiprebiva zakonito
SV olaglig anstllning avtredjelandsmedborgare som
vistas lagligt
NO ulovlig sysselsetting avtredjestatsborgere
med lovlig opphold (b) / ulovleg sysselsetjing
avtredjestatsborgarar med lovleg opphald(n)
156
A
immigrant
B
BG Definition
CS pisthovalec / imigrant In the global context, anon-resident (both national oralien) C
DE Zuwanderer (EU acquis), Einwanderer, Immigrant arriving inaState with the intention toremain for aperiod
EL exceeding ayear. D
ES inmigrante In the EUcontext, aperson who establishes their usual resi-
ET sisserndaja dence inthe territory ofaMember State for aperiod that is, oris E
FI maahanmuuttaja / siirtolainen expected tobe, ofat least 12months, having previously been
FR immigrant F
usually resident inanother Member State orathird country.
GA inimirceach
HU bevndorl
IT immigrante
Source G
LT imigrantas
LV imigrants
Migration H
EU context: Art.2(b) and (f) ofRegulation (EC) No862/2007
MT
NL
Immigrant(a)
immigrant (Migration Statistics) I
PL imigrant
PT imigrante Broader term J
migrant
RO imigrant
SK prisahovalec (national law) / imigrant K
SL priseljenec Related terms
SV invandrare emigrant
L
NO innvandrer (b) / innvandrar(n) immigration
short-term migrant M
N
immigration O
BG Definition
P
CS pisthovalectv / imigrace In the global context, the act ofarriving inaState with the inten-
DE Zuwanderung (EU acquis), Einwanderung, tion toremain for aperiod exceeding one year.
Q
Immigration In the EUcontext, the action bywhich aperson establishes their
EL usual residence inthe territory ofaMember State for aperiod R
ES inmigracin that is, oris expected tobe, ofat least 12months, having previ-
ET sissernne ously been usually resident inanother Member State orathird S
FI maahanmuutto
country.
FR immigration T
GA inimirce
Source
HU bevndorls U
IT immigrazione
Migration
LT imigracija
LV imigrcija
EU context: Art.2(b) ofRegulation (EC) No862/2007 (Migration V
MT Immigrazzjoni Statistics)
NL immigratie
W
PL imigracja Broader term
PT imigrao migration X
RO imigraie
SK prisahovalectvo (national law) / imigrcia Narrower term Y
SL priseljevanje EU Immigration Portal
SV invandring Z
NO innvandring Related terms
emigration
immigrant
157
I BG
CS
DE
Immigration Liaison Officer

imigran styn dstojnk
Verbindungsbeamter fr Einwanderungsfragen
Definition
A representative ofone ofthe Member States, posted abroad
bythe immigration service orother competent authorities
EL () inorder toestablish and maintain contacts with the authorities
ES oficiales deenlace deinmigracin ofthe host country with aview tocontributing tothe prevention
ET Euroopa sissernde sideametnik and combating ofirregular migration, the return ofirregular
FI maahanmuuttoalan yhdyshenkil migrants and the management oflegal migration.
FR officier deliaison Immigration
GA Oifigeach Idirchaidrimh Inimirce (ILO)
Source
HU bevndorlsi sszekt tiszt(visel)
Art.1(1) ofCouncil Regulation (EC) 377/2004 (Immigration
IT funzionario dicollegamento incaricato
Liaison Officer Regulation)
dellimmigrazione
LT imigracijos ryi palaikymo pareignas
LV imigrcijas sadarbbas koordinators
Synonyms
ILO
MT Uffijal tal-Kollegament Responsabbli
national liaison officer
gallImmigrazzjoni (UKRI)
state liaison officer
NL immigratieverbindingsfunctionaris,
(syn.:immigratieverbindingsambtenaar;
indailypractice:ILO) Related terms
Information and Coordination Network
PL oficer cznikowy ds. imigracji
PT Oficial deligao deimigrao forMember States Migration Management
RO ofier delegtur peprobleme deimigraie Services
(indailypractice ILO) European Agency for the Management
SK imigran styn dstojnk ofOperational Cooperation atthe
SL Uradnik zazvezo zapriseljevanje ExternalBorders ofthe Member States
SV sambandsman fr invandring oftheEuropeanUnion
NO kontaktperson med ansvar for immigrasjon
Notes
1.Immigration liaison officers are tocollect information con-
cerning illegal immigration for use either atoperational level
orat strategic level, orboth. Such information could substan-
tially contribute tothe activities ofFrontex relating torisk anal-
ysis; closer cooperation between different immigration liaison
officers networks and Frontex should beestablished tothat
effect, asimmigration liaison officers shall also beconsidered
the liaison officers who are dealing with immigration issues
aspart oftheir duties.
2.The immigration liaison officers could beposted tothe

national consular authorities ofMember States inthird coun-
tries orto the relevant authorities ofother Member States, but
also tothe competent authorities ofthe third countries, aswell
asto international organisations for areasonable time period
tobe determined bythe posting Member State.
3.Anamendment toRegulation (EC) 377/2004modifying

itsArticles 3, 4and 6was adopted asRegulation (EU)
No493/2011on5April 2011.
158
A
immigration programme
B
BG Definition
CS program migrace Programme tofacilitate migration which isorganised orsup- C
DE Zuwanderungsprogramm / Einwanderungsprogramm ported with the assistance ofagovernment, governments oran
EL international organisation, asopposed tospontaneous migra- D
ES programa deinmigracin tion, which isunaided.
ET rndetoetusprogramm E
FI maahanmuutto-ohjelma Source
FR programme dimmigration F
Developed byEMN
GA clr inimirce
HU bevndorlsi programot
IT programma per limmigrazione
Related term G
spontaneous migration
LT imigracijos programa
LV imigrcijas programma
H
MT
NL
Programm ta immigrazzjoni
immigratieprogramma I
PL program imigracyjny
PT migrao assistida J
RO program deimigraie
SK program prisahovalectva / imigran program K
SL program priseljevanja
SV invandringsprogram L
NO program for innvandring
M
N
immigration quota O
BG Definition
P
CS imigran kvta A quota established for and bythe country, normally for the pur-
DE Zuwanderungsquote / Einwanderungsquote poses oflabour migration, for the entry ofimmigrants.
Q
EL /
ES cuota deinmigracin Source R
ET sissernde piirarv Developed byEMN
FI maahanmuuttokiinti S
FR quota dimmigration
Broader terms
GA cuta inimirce labour migration T
HU bevndorlsi kvta
quota
IT quota (per immigrati) U
LT imigracijos kvota
LV imigrcijas kvota
Note
MT Kwota ta immigrazzjoni
In the EUcontext, such quotas are primarily used for third- V
NL immigratiequota country nationals only.
PL kwota imigracyjna
W
PT quota deimigrao
RO cot deimigraie X
SK prisahovaleck kvta / imigran kvta
SL kvota zapriseljevanje Y
SV invandringskvot
NO innvandringskvote Z
159
I BG
CS
DE
indirect discrimination
/
nepm diskriminace
mittelbare Diskriminierung
Definition
A situation inwhich anapparently neutral provision, criterion
orpractice would put persons ofaracial orethnic origin atapar-
EL ticular disadvantage compared with other persons, unless that
ES discriminacin indirecta provision, criterion orpractice isobjectively justified byalegiti-
ET kaudne diskrimineerimine mate aim and the means ofachieving that aim are appropriate
FI vlillinen syrjint and necessary.
FR discrimination indirecte
GA idirdheal indreach
Source
HU kzvetett diszkriminci
Art.2(b) ofCouncil Directive
IT discriminazione indiretta
2000/43/EC (Racial Equality Directive)
LT netiesiogin diskriminacija
LV netiea diskrmincija
MT Diskriminazzjoni indiretta
Broader term
NL indirecte discriminatie
PL dyskryminacja porednia
PT discriminao indirecta Related terms
institutional discrimination
RO discriminare indirect
structural discrimination
SK nepriama diskrimincia
SL posredna diskriminacija
SV indirekt diskriminering
NO indirekte diskriminering
160
A
informal economy
B
BG Definition
CS ed ekonomika All economic activities byworkers and economic units that are C
DE informelle Wirtschaft / Schattenwirtschaft inlaw orin practice not covered orinsufficiently covered
EL byformal arrangements. D
ES economa informal
ET varimajandus Source E
FI epvirallinen talous / pime talous Para. 3ofILO Resolution concerning Decent Work and the
FR conomie informelle F
Informal Economy, 2002
GA geilleagar neamhfhoirmiil
HU szrke gazdasg
IT economia informale
Synonyms G
black market
LT elin ekonomika
LV neforml ekonomika
clandestine employment H
MT
NL
Ekonomija informali
informele economie Related terms
informal
I
PL gospodarka nierejestrowana employment
PT economia informal informal sector J
RO economie informal
SK tieov ekonomika / ed ekonomika Notes K
SL neformalna (siva) ekonomija 1.Activities within the informal economy are not covered bylaw,
SV informell ekonomi which means that they are operating outside ofthe formal reach L
NO uformell konomi / parallell konomi ofrelevant legislation; orthey are not covered inpractice, which
means that, although they are operating within the formal reach M
ofthe law, the law isnot applied ornot enforced, orthe law dis-
courages compliance because itis inappropriate, burdensome N
orimposes excessive costs.
O
2.This applies tothird-country nationals, too.
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
161
I BG
Information and Coordination Network for Member States
Migration Management Services

Definition
A secure web-based information and coordination network for
the rapid information exchange between Member States on
CS Informan akoordinan s pro sluby zen irregular migratory flows and phenomena, and the return
migrace lenskch stt (ICONet) ofillegal residents.
DE Informations- und Koordinierungsnetz fr
dieMigrationsbehrden der Mitgliedstaaten Source
EL Derived byEMN from Art.1ofCouncil Decision 2005/267/EC
ES ICONet
ET liikmesriikide migratsiooniteenistuste info-ja
Synonym
koordineerimisvrgustik
ICONet
FI tieto- jakoordinointiverkosto maahanmuuton
hallinnasta vastaavia jsenvaltioiden viranomaisia
Related terms
varten (ICONet)
FR Rseau dinformation etde coordination scuris
ofOperational Cooperation atthe
connect linternet pour les services destats
membres chargs de la gestion des flux ExternalBorders ofthe Member States
migratoires(ICONet) oftheEuropeanUnion
Immigration Liaison Officer
GA ICONet
mutual information mechanism
HU a tagllamok migrcikezelsi szolglatainak
informcis skoordincis hlzata
IT Rete diInformazione eCoordinamento per iServizi Notes
diGestione dellImmigrazione degli Stati Membri 1.The ICONet was established in2005within the framework
(ICONet) ofthe Councils comprehensive plan tocombat illegal immigra-
LT Informacijos irkoordinavimo tinklas, skirtas valstybi tion and trafficking ofhuman beings.
nari migracijos valdymo tarnyboms
LV Informcijas unkoordincijas tkls dalbvalstu 2.The elements for information exchange shall include atleast the
migrcijas prvaldes dienestiem following: (a) early warning system onirregular immigration and
MT Netwerk ta Informazzjoni uKoordinazzjoni gas- facilitator networks; (b) network ofimmigration liaison officers;
Servizzi dwar estjoni ta Migrazzjoni fl-Istati Membri (c) information onthe use ofvisas, borders and travel documents
(ICONet) inrelation toillegal immigration; and (d) return-related issues.
NL ICONet
PL ICONet / nousual translation
PT ICONet
RO Reeaua deinformare icoordonare aserviciilor
demanagement almigraiei din statele membre
(ICONet)
SK Informan akoordinan sie pre sluby riadenia

migrcie lenskch ttov / ICONet
SL Informacijska inkoordinacijska mrea slub drav
lanic zaupravljanje migracije
SV ICONet
NO ICONet
162
A
integration
B
BG Definition
CS integrace In the EUcontext, adynamic, two-way process ofmutual C
DE Integration accommodation byall immigrants and residents ofMember
EL States. D
ES integracin
ET limumine Source E
FI kotouttaminen / kotoutuminen Action 1, section 2ofCommunication onaCommon Agenda for
FR intgration F
Integration, COM(2005) 389final
GA imeascadh
HU integrci
IT integrazione
Narrower terms G
LT integracija
LV integrcija
Handbook onIntegration H
European Website onIntegration
MT
NL
Integrazzjoni
integratie
National Contact Points onIntegration I
PL integracja
PT integrao Related terms J
adaptation
RO integrare
SK integrcia host society K
SL integracija / vkljuevanje reintegration
SV integration L
NO integrering Notes
1.Art.79(4) ofthe TFEU gives the legal base for Union activities M
onintegration. The promotion offundamental rights, non-
discrimination and equal opportunities for all are key integration N
issues.
O
2.AtEU level, integration policy isdeveloped within the frame-
work ofCommon Basic Principles CBP (of which the broad
definition above isthe first one).
P
3.For more information, see European Website onIntegration:

Q
http://ec.europa.eu/ewsi/en/mandate.cfm
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
163
I BG
CS
DE
intercultural dialogue

mezikulturn dialog
interkultureller Dialog
Definition
An open and respectful exchange ofviews between individuals
and groups with different ethnic, cultural, religious and linguistic
EL backgrounds and heritage onthe basis ofmutual understanding
ES dilogo intercultural and respect.
ET kultuuridevaheline dialoog
FI kulttuurienvlinen vuoropuhelu Source
FR dialogue interculturel
Section 1.4ofCouncil ofEurope: White Paper onIntercultural
GA idirphl idirchultrtha
Dialogue, May 2008
HU interkulturlis prbeszd
IT dialogo interculturale
Notes
LT tarpkultrinis dialogas
1.Intercultural dialogue has long been aprinciple supported
LV starpkultru dialogs
bythe European Union and its institutions. The year 2008was
MT Djalogu interkulturali
NL interculturele dialoog designated European Year ofIntercultural Dialogue (EYID)
PL dialog midzykulturowy bythe European Parliament and the Member States. Itaimed
PT todraw the attention ofpeople inEurope tothe importance
RO dialog intercultural ofdialogue within diversity and between diverse cultures.
SK medzikultrny dialg / interkultrny dialg
SL medkulturni dialog 2.For more information, see Evaluation ofthe European Year
SV interkulturell dialog ofIntercultural Dialogue, 2008 (COM/2010/03561 final).
NO interkulturell dialog
164
Intergovernmental Consultations on Migration,
A
Asylum and Refugees
B
BG , Definition
An informal, non-decision making forum for intergovernmental C
CS Mezivldn konzultace kmigraci, azylu auprchlictv information exchange and policy debate onissues ofrelevance
DE Zwischenstaatliche Beratungen ber Migration, tothe management ofinternational migratory flows, which D
Asylund Flchtlinge brings together the participating states, the United Nations High
EL Commissioner for Refugees, the International Organization E
ES Consultas Intergubernamentales sobre Asilo, for Migration and the European Commission.
Refugioy Migracin F
ET valitsustevahelised konsultatsioonid rnde-,
Source
varjupaiga- japagulasteemal
Website ofthe IGC G
FI IGC (Euroopan, Pohjois-Amerikan jaAustralian
turvapaikka-, pakolais- jasiirtolaispolitiikkoja
ksittelevt hallitustenvliset neuvottelut)
Synonym H
IGC
FR Consultations intergouvernementales sur les
politiques dasile, derfugis etde migrations I
GA Comhairlichin Idir-Rialtasacha maidir lehImirce,
Notes
Tearmann agus Ddeanaithe 1.The starting point for the IGC was aconference held inMay J
HU Kormnykzi Tancskozs / Egyttmkds 1985under the auspices ofthe UNHCR. While historically
aMigrcirl saMenekltgyrl focused onasylum issues, IGC has moved towards greater dis- K
IT Consultazioni Inter-Governative inmateria cussion and exchange ofdata ongeneral migration policies
diImmigrazione, Asilo eRifugiati since2006. L
LT Tarpvyriausybins konsultacijos migracijos,
prieglobsio irpabgli klausimais 2.For more information onparticipating states etc., see the IGC M
LV Starpvaldbu konsultcijas par migrcijas, website: http://www.igc.ch/
patvrumaunbgu jautjumiem N
MT Konsultazzjonijiet Intergovernattivi
fuqMigrazzjoni,Ail uRifujati O
NL IGC (BE syn.: Intergouvernementeel Overleg
overmigratie, asiel envluchtelingen) P
PL midzyrzdowe konsultacje nt. migracji,
azyluiuchodcw
PT consultas intergovernamentais sobre migraes,
Q
asiloerefugiados
RO Consultri interministeriale cuprivire lamigraie, R
azilirefugiai
SK Medzivldne konzultcie omigrcii, S
azyleauteencoch
SL Medvladna posvetovanja omigraciji, azilu inbeguncih T
SV Intergovernmental Consultations onMigration,
Asylum and Refugees U
NO Flernasjonal informasjonsutveksling om migrasjons,
asyl- og flyktningsprsml V
W
X
Y
Z
165
I BG
CS
DE
internal EU border

vnitn hranice EU
EU-Binnengrenze
Definition
Schengen Member States common borders, including land bor-
ders, river and lake borders, sea borders and their airports, river
EL ports, sea ports and lake ports.
ES frontera interior (UE)
ET Euroopa Liidu sisepiir Source
FI EU:n sisraja Derived byEMN from Art.1ofRegulation (EC) No562/2006
FR frontire intrieure delUE
(Schengen Borders Code)
GA teorainn inmhenach AE
HU bels hatr
Synonym
IT frontiera interna UE
internal Schengen border
LT vidaus siena
LV ES iekj robea
MT Konfini (Il-) interni / Fruntiera (Il-) interna tal-UE
Related terms
border control
NL EU binnengrens
external EUborder
PL granica wewntrzna UE
irregular entry
PT fronteira interna
legal entry
RO Frontier intern UE
refusal ofentry
SK vntorn hranica E
SL notranja meja EU Schengen Borders Code
SV inre grns
NO grense mellom Schengen-medlemsland Notes
1.IEand UKdo not participate inthe Schengen Area.
2.BG, HRand ROare Schengen candidate countries.
3.IS, LI, NO and CH are also Schengen Member States, although

they are not EUMember States.
4.For updated information onmembership tothe Schengen

Area, see the DGHOME website: http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/
home-affairs/what-we-do/policies/borders-and-visas/schengen/
index_en.htm
166
A
B
BG Definition
CS vnitn pesdlen osoby A person orgroups ofpersons who has been forced orobliged C
DE Binnenvertriebener toflee orto leave their homes orplaces ofhabitual residence,
EL inparticular asaresult ofor inorder toavoid the effects D
ES poblacin desplazada internamente ofarmed conflict, situations ofgeneralised violence, violations
ET riigisiseselt mberasustatud isikud ofhuman rights ornatural orhuman-made disasters, and who E
FI maan sisll siirtymn joutunut henkil /maan have not crossed aninternationally recognised State border.
sisinen pakolainen F
FR personne dplace lintrieure deson propre pays
Source
GA duine easitithe de thr
HU bels meneklt
Art.2ofUN Guiding Principles onInternal Displacement G
IT sfollato interno
LT viduje perkeltasis asmuo
Synonym H
IDP
LV
MT
iekzem prvietota persona
Persuna sfollata internament / fpajjiha stess I
NL in eigen land ontheemd persoon Broader term
PL osoba przesiedlona wewntrznie displaced person J
PT deslocado interno
RO persoan strmutat intern Related terms K
defacto refugee
SK vntorne vysdlen osoba
SL notranje razseljena oseba (NRO) environmentally displaced person
L
SV internflykting
NO internt fordrevet person (b) / internt fordriven Note M
person(n) For more information, see the website ofthe Internal Displace-
ment Monitoring Centre (IDMC): http://www.internal-displace- N
ment.org/about-us
O
P
International Organization for Migration
Q
BG Definition
CS Mezinrodn ogranizace pro migraci An intergovernmental organisation inthe field ofmigration dedi- R
DE Internationale Organisation fr Migration cated toensuring the orderly and humane management ofmigra-
EL tion, topromote international cooperation onmigration issues, S
ES Organizacin Internacional para las Migraciones toassist inthe search for practical solutions tomigration problems
ET Rahvusvaheline Migratsiooniorganisatsioon
and toprovide humanitarian assistance tomigrants inneed, T
FI Kansainvlinen siirtolaisuusjrjest
bethey refugees, displaced persons orother uprooted people.
FR Organisation internationale pour les migrations U
GA an Eagraocht Idirnisinta umImirce
Source
HU Nemzetkzi Migrcis Szervezet
Website ofthe International Organisation ofMigration V
IT Organizzazione Internazionale per leMigrazioni
LT Tarptautin migracijos organizacija
LV Starptautisk Migrcijas organizcija Related terms W
United Nations High Commissioner forRefugees
MT Organizzazzjoni (L-) Internazzjonali gall-Migrazzjoni
NL Internationale Organisatie voor Migratie X
PL Midzynarodowa Organizacja doSpraw Migracji Notes
PT Organizao Internacional para as Migraes 1.The agency was created in1951. Y
RO Organizaia Internaional pentru Migraie 2.Itis one ofthe main inter-governmental organisations inthe
SK Medzinrodn organizcia pre migrciu field ofmigration and works closely with governmental, inter- Z
SL Mednarodna organizacija zamigracije governmental and non-governmental partners.
SV International Organization for Migration 3.For further information, see the website ofIOM:
NO Den internasjonale migrasjonsorganisasjonen https://www.iom.int/cms/about-iom
167
I BG
CS
DE

mezinrodn ochrana
internationaler Schutz
Definition
In the global context, the actions bythe international community
onthe basis ofinternational law, aimed atprotecting the funda-
EL mental rights ofaspecific category ofpersons outside their
ES proteccin (internacional) countries oforigin, who lack the national protection oftheir own
ET rahvusvaheline kaitse countries.
FI kansainvlinen suojelu In the EUcontext, protection that encompasses refugee status
FR protection internationale
and subsidiary protection status.
GA cosaint idirnisinta
HU nemzetkzi vdelem
Source
IT protezione internazionale
Global context: UNHCR Master Glossary ofTerms
LT prieglobstis
EU context: Derived byEMN from Art.2(a) ofDirective 2011/95/
LV starptautisk aizsardzba
EC (Recast Qualification Directive)
MT Protezzjoni internazzjonali
NL internationale bescherming
PL ochrona midzynarodowa Broader term
protection
PT proteco internacional
RO protecie internaional
SK medzinrodn ochrana Narrower terms
SL mednarodna zaita refugee status
SV internationellt skydd subsidiary protection
NO internasjonal beskyttelse (b) / internasjonalt vern(n)
Related terms
asylum
Geneva Convention of1951and
Protocolof1967
United Nations High Commissioner
forRefugees
168
A
intra-corporate transferee
B
BG - Definition
CS vnitropodnikov pevdn pracovnk A third-country national subject toatemporary secondment C
DE innerbetrieblich versetzte Person from anundertaking established outside the territory
EL - ofaMember State and towhich the third-country national D
ES trabajador transnacional isbound byawork contract toan entity belonging tothe under-
ET ettevttesisene leviimine taking orto the same group ofundertakings which isestablished E
FI sisisen siirron saanut tyntekij / yrityksen inside this territory.
tilapisesti toiseen maahan lhettm tyntekij F
FR personne faisant lobjet dun transfert temporaire
Source
intragroupe
Derived from Arts. 3(b) and 3(c) ofProposal for aDirective G
GA aistr ionchorparideach
onconditions ofentry and residence ofthird-country nationals
HU vllalaton bell thelyezett szemly
IT lavoratore straniero distaccato (persona trasferita
inthe framework ofan intra-corporate transfer (COM(2010) H
378final)
LT
allinterno della stessa societ inun altro paese)
bendrovs viduje perkeliamas asmuo I
LV uzmuma ietvaros prcelts darbinieks Note
MT addiem trasferit minn post gal ieor talistess The World Trade Organisations (WTO) General Agreement J
kumpanija // Trasferiment intra-korporattiv onTrade inServices (GATS), liberalises trade inservices, including
taaddiem the temporary movement ofnatural persons asservice suppliers. K
NL binnen een onderneming overgeplaatste persoon Mode 4refers tothe presence ofpersons ofone WTO member
PL pracownik przenoszony wewntrz przedsibiorstwa inthe territory ofanother for the purpose ofproviding aservice. L
PT pessoas transferidas temporariamente pela empresa Itdoes not concern persons seeking access tothe employment
RO transferat intra-corporaie market inthe host member, nor does itaffect measures regard- M
SK pracovnk presunut vrmci spolonosti ing citizenship, residence oremployment onapermanent basis.
SL oseba premeena znotraj podjetja For more information, see http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/ N
SV fretagsinternt frflyttad person serv_e/mouvement_persons_e/mouvement_persons_e.htm
NO utstasjonert arbeidstaker (b) / utstasjonert O
arbeidstakar(n)
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
169
I BG
CS
DE
intra-EU mobility

mobilita vrmci EU
EU-Binnenmobilitt
Definition
Action ofpersons (EU nationals orlegally resident third-country
nationals) undertaking their right tofree movement bymoving
EL from one EUMember State toanother.
ES movilidad intracomunitaria
ET Euroopa Liidu sisene liikuvus Source
FI EU:n sisinen liikkuvuus Derived byEMN from the definition ofright tofree movement
FR mobilit intra-UE
inthe EMN Glossary
GA gluaisteacht san AE
HU EU-n belli mobilits
Synonyms
IT mobilit intra-UE
EU mobility
LT judumas ESviduje
free movement
LV ES iekj mobilitte
Inter-EU migration
MT Intramobbilt fl-UE
Intra-EU migration
NL mobiliteit binnen deEU
intra EU / EFTA-mobility
PL mobilno wewntrzunijna
third-country national mobility
PT
RO mobilitate intra UE
SK mobilita vrmci Eurpskej nie / mobilita vrmci E Broader term
SL notranja mobilnost vEU right tofree movement
SV EU-intern rrlighet
NO mobilitet mellom EUs medlemsland Notes
1.Free movement / intra-EU mobility isavailable under two dif-
ferent schemes. The first scheme isavery open one and appli-
cable toEU citizens who benefit from full freedom ofmovement.
The second scheme concerns migrant workers. Rules applicable
here are less generous and limited tospecific categories
ofthird-country nationals, i.e. long-term residents, highly skilled
workers, researchers and students.
2.Through separate agreements between the EUand IS, LI, NO

and CH, the same rights tofree movement apply totheir citizens
and their territories.
170
A
irregular entry
B
BG Synonym
CS neoprvnn vstup nazem illegal entry C
DE irregulre Einreise
EL Broader term D
ES entrada irregular irregular migration
ET ebaseaduslik (riiki) sisenemine E
FI laiton maahantulo Related terms
FR entre irrgulire border F
control
GA iontril aimhrialta external EU border
HU szablytalan hatrtlps
IT ingresso irregolare
internal EU border G
legal entry
LT neteistas atvykimas
LV nelikumga ieceoana
Schengen Borders Code H
MT
NL
Dul irregolari
illegale binnenkomst Notes I
PL nieregularny wjazd 1.The European Commission favours nowadays the term irreg-
PT entrada irregular ular entry (e.g. see: DGHome e-Library Glossary) instead J
RO ofillegal entry.
SK neleglny vstup / neoprvnen vstup K
SL ilegalen vstop / nedovoljen vstop 2.Art.5ofthe Schengen Borders Code states that for stays not
SV olaglig inresa exceeding three months per six-month period, the entry condi- L
NO irregulr innreise tions for third-country nationals shall bethe following:
M
(a) they are inpossession ofavalid travel document ordoc-
Definition uments authorising them tocross the border; N
In the global context, crossing borders without complying with the
necessary requirements for legal entry into the receiving State. (b) they are inpossession ofavalid visa, ifrequired pursuant
toCouncil Regulation (EC) No539/2001listing the third
O
In the Schengen context, the entry ofathird-country national
into aSchengen Member State who does not satisfy Art.5ofthe countries whose nationals must bein possession ofvisas
Schengen Borders Code. when crossing the external borders and those whose nation-
P
als are exempt from that requirement (17), except where they
Source hold avalid residence permit;
Q
Global context: Definition for illegal entry inArt.3(b) ofthe
Protocol against the Smuggling ofMigrants byLand, Sea and Air, (c) they justify the purpose and conditions ofthe intended stay, R
Supplementing the UNConvention against Transnational and they have sufficient means ofsubsistence, both for the
Organized Crime duration ofthe intended stay and for the return totheir coun- S
Schengen context: Developed byEMN try oforigin ortransit toathird country into which they are
certain tobe admitted, orare inaposition toacquire such T
means lawfully;
U
(d) they are not persons for whom analert has been issued
inthe Schengen Information System for the purposes V
ofrefusing entry;
W
(e) they are not considered tobe athreat topublic policy,
internal security, public health orthe international relations X
ofany ofthe Member States, inparticular where noalert has
been issued inMember States national data bases for the Y
purposes ofrefusing entry onthe same grounds.
Z
3.For more information, see Regulation (EC) No562/2006
(Schengen Borders Code): http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/
LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32006R0562:EN:NOT
171
I BG
CS
DE
irregular migrant

nelegln migrant
irregulrer Migrant
Source
Global context: Derived byEMN from IOM Glossary onMigration,
2nd. Ed. 2011
EL EU context: Derived byEMN from the definition ofillegal stay
ES inmigrante ensituacin irregular inArt.3ofDirective 2008/115/EC (Return Directive)
ET ebaseaduslik sisserndaja
FI laittomasti maassa oleskeleva henkil Synonyms
FR migrant ensjour irrgulier clandestine migrant
GA imirceach neamhrialta illegal migrant
HU irregulris migrns
insufficiently documented migrant
IT migrante irregolare
migrant inan irregular siuation
LT neteistas migrantas
migrant with irregular status
LV nelikumgs migrants
unauthorised migrant
MT Migrant(a) irregolari
undocumented migrant
NL illegaal verblijvende migrant
PL migrant nieregularny
PT imigrante irregular Broader term
migrant
RO migrant ilegal
SK neleglny migrant /
migrantbezplatnhopovolenianapobyt Narrower term
SL ilegaln migrant / nezakonit priseljenec third-country national found
SV irreguljr migrant tobeillegallypresent
NO irregulr migrant
Related terms
apprehension
Definition irregular migration
In the global context, aperson who, owing toirregular entry, overstay(er)
breach ofacondition ofentry orthe expiry oftheir legal basis
for entering and residing, lacks legal status inatransit orhost Notes
country. 1.The IOM definition covers inter alia those persons who have
In the EUcontext, athird-country national present onthe terri- entered atransit orhost country lawfully but have stayed for
tory ofaSchengen State who does not fulfil, orno longer fulfils, alonger period than authorised orsubsequently taken upunau-
the conditions ofentry asset out inthe Schengen Borders thorised employment.
Code, orother conditions for entry, stay orresidence inthat
Member State. 2.The term irregular ispreferable toillegal migrant because
the latter carries acriminal connotation, entering acountry inan
irregular manner, orstaying with anirregular status, isnot
acriminal offence but aninfraction ofadministrative regula-

tions. Apart from this, juridically and ethically, anact can
belegal orillegal but aperson cannot. Thus more and more the
term migrant inan irregular situation ormigrant with irregular
status ispreferred.
3.The European Commission has used the term third-country

national found tobe illegally present orillegally resident /
staying third-country national inlegislation.
4.The Council ofEurope differentiates between illegal migration

and irregular migrant. Referring toResolution 1509 (2006)
ofthe Council ofEurope Parliamentary Assembly, illegal
ispreferred when referring toastatus orprocess, whereas
irregular ispreferred when referring toaperson.
172
A
irregular migration
B
BG Broader term
CS nelegln migrace migration C
DE irregulre Migration
EL Narrower terms D
ES inmigracin irregular irregular entry
ET ebaseaduslik rnne irregular stay E
FI sntjen vastainen maahanmuutto secondary movement of migrants
FR migration irrgulire F
GA imirce aimhrialta
Related term
HU irregulris migrci
IT migrazione irregolare
irregular migrant G
LT neteista migracija
LV nelikumga migrcija
Notes H
1.There isnouniversally accepted definition ofirregular migra-
MT
NL
Migrazzjoni irregolari
irreguliere migratie (not currently used; tion. From the perspective ofdestination countries itis entry, I
morecommon isillegale migratie) stay orwork inacountry without the necessary authorisation
PL migracja nieregularna ordocuments required under immigration regulations. From the J
PT migrao irregula perspective ofthe sending country, the irregularity is, for exam-
RO migraie ilegal ple, seen incases inwhich aperson crosses aninternational K
SK neleglna migrcia boundary without avalid passport ortravel document ordoes
SL ilegana migracija / neregulirana migracija / not fulfil the administrative requirements for leaving the country. L
nedovoljena migracija There is, however, atendency torestrict the use ofthe term
SV irreguljr migration tocases ofsmuggling ofmigrants and trafficking inpersons. M
NO irregulr migrasjon
2.Defining irregular migration has been the subject ofconsider- N
able debate. Terms such asillegal, undocumented, non-docu-
Definition mented, and unauthorised migration can have different
O
Movement ofpersons toanew place ofresidence ortransit that connotations innational policy debates. Due tothis and the
takes place outside the regulatory norms ofthe sending, transit assocation with criminality the term illegal migration should
and receiving countries. beavoided, asmost irregular migrants are not criminals. Being
P
inacountry without the required papers is, inmost countries, not
Source acriminal offence but anadministrative infringement.
Q
Derived byEMN from IOM Glossary onMigration, 2nd. ed.
2011and DGHome e-Library Glossary 3.While the UNuse the term irregular orundocumented R
migration, the European Commission favoured for along time
Synonyms the term illegal immigration, but more recently refers toirreg- S
clandestine migration ular migration aswell.
illegal immigration T
illegal migration 4.The Council ofEurope differentiates between illegal migration
unauthorised migration and irregular migrant. Referring toResolution 1509 (2006) U
undocumented migration ofthe Council ofEurope Parliamentary Assembly, illegal
ispreferred when referring toastatus orprocess, whereas V
irregular ispreferred when referring toaperson.
W
X
Y
Z
173
I BG
CS
DE
irregular stay

neoprvnn pobyt
irregulrer Aufenthalt
Definition
The presence onthe territory ofaMember State, ofathird-coun-
try national who does not fulfil, orno longer fulfils the conditions
EL ofentry asset out inArt.5ofthe Schengen Borders Codeor
ES estancia irregular other conditions for entry, stay orresidence inthat Member State.
ET ebaseaduslik (riigis) viibimine
FI laiton oleskelu Source
FR sjour irrgulier
Art.3 (2) ofDirective 2008/115/EC (Return Directive)
GA cuairt aimhrialta
HU szablytalan tartzkods
Synonym
IT soggiorno irregolare
illegal stay
LT neteistas buvimas
LV nelikumga uzturans
MT Qagda / Waqfa / jara irregolari
Broader term
irregular migration
NL illegaal verblijf
PL nieregularny pobyt
PT permanncia irregula Related terms
irregular entry
RO edere ilegal
overstay(er)
SK neoprvnen pobyt (national law) / neleglny pobyt
SL ilegalno prebivanje / nedovoljeno prebivanje third-country national found
SV olaglig vistelse tobeillegallypresent
NO irregulrt opphold (b) / irregulrt opphald(n)
Note
The European Commission favours nowadays the term irregular
stay (e.g. see: DGHOME e-Library Glossary) instead ofillegal
stay which was the term used inthe Directive 2008/115/EU
(Return Directive).
ius sanguinis
CS ius sanguinis The determination ofapersons nationality onthe basis ofthe
DE Abstammungsprinzip / Ius sanguinis nationality oftheir parents (or one parent orone particular par-
EL ; ius sanguinis ent) atthe time ofthe target persons birth and atthe time
ES ius sanguinis ofacquisition ofnationality bythe target person (the two points
ET vereigus
intime are different incases ofacquisition after birth).

FI periytymisperiaate
FR droit dusang Source
GA ius sanguinis EUDO Online Glossary onCitizenship and Nationality
HU ius sanguinis (vr szerinti leszrmazs elve)
IT ius sanguinis Synonym
LT kraujo teis jus sanguinis
LV Ius sanguinis
MT Ius sanguinis
Related terms
NL ius sanguinis / jus sanguinis
PL prawo krwi
ius soli
PT ius sanguinis
RO ius sanguinis / legea sngelui
SK prvo krvi / ius sanguinis
SL jus sanguinis
NO jus sanguinis / nedstammingsprinsippet
174
A
ius soli
B
CS ius soli The principle that the nationality ofaperson isdetermined C
DE Territorialprinzip / Ius soli / Geburtslandprinzip onthe basis oftheir country ofbirth.
EL ; ius soli D
ES ius soli Source
ET snnikohaigus EUDO Online Glossary onCitizenship and Nationality E
FI syntymperiaate
FR droit dusol F
Synonym
GA ius soli jus soli
HU ius soli (terleti elv)
IT ius soli
G
Related terms
LT ems teis
LV Ius soli
acquisition ofcitizenship H
ius sanguinis
MT
NL
Ius soli
jus soli / territorialprinsippet I
PL prawo ziemi
PT ius soli J
RO ius soli/ legea locului
SK prvo zeme / ius soli K
SL jus soli
NO jus soli / territorialprinsippet
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
175
L BG
CS
DE
labour market test

test trhu prce
Arbeitsmarkttest
Definition
Mechanism that aims toensure that migrant workers are only
admitted after employers have unsuccessfully searched for
EL national workers, EUcitizens (in EUMember States this also means
ES Catlogo deocupaciones dedifcil cobertura EEA workers) orlegally residing third-country nationals with
ET tturu test access tothe labour market according tonational legislation.
FI tyvoiman saatavuusharkinta
FR examen dumarch delemploi / du travail
Source
GA tstil samhargadh fostaochta
Derived byEMN from Oxford Migration Observatory response
HU munkaerpiaci felmrs
toCall for Evidence
IT analisi del mercato del lavoro
LT darbo rinkos testas
LV darba tirgus tests
Synonym
LMT
MT Test dwar is-suq tax-xogol
NL arbeidsmarkttoets
PL test rynku pracy Broader term
union preference
PT
RO testarea pieei forei demunc
SK skmanie situcie natrhu prce Notes
SL pregled trga dela 1.The labour market test (LMT) isimplemented and applied
SV arbetsmarknadsprvning widely inmost Member States. Where the LMT isapplied, some
NO arbeidsmarkedsvurdering (b) / categories ofworkers can beexempt, reflecting the specific
arbeidsmarknadsvurdering(n) national situations and priorities.
2.Member States apply different methodologies inundertaking

LMTs. Ingeneral, aconsiderable role isleft toemployers and
public employment services. Duration ofthe verification process
varies among Member States.
3.For further information, see EMN: Satisfying labour demand

through migration, June 2011.
176
A
labour migration
B
BG Definition
CS pracovn migrace Movement ofpersons from one state toanother, orwithin their C
DE Arbeitsmigration own country ofresidence, for the purpose ofemployment.
EL ; D
ES migracin laboral Source
ET trnne IOM Glossary onMigration, 2nd. ed. 2011 E
FI tyvoiman muuttoliike, typerusteinen maahanmuutto
FR migration detravail; migration demain-doeuvre F
Broader term
GA imirce lucht oibre economic migration
HU munkavllalsi cl migrci
IT migrazione per motivi dilavoro
G
Narrower terms
LT darbo migracija
LV darbaspka migrcija
immigration quota H
labour market test
MT Migrazzjoni gal raunijiet ta xogol
NL arbeidsmigratie I
PL migracja pracownicza Related term
PT migrao laboral migrant worker J
RO migraie nscop demunc
SK pracovn migrcia Note K
SL delovna migracija Labour migration isaddressed bymost States intheir migration
SV arbetskraftsmigration laws. In addition, some States take anactive role inregulating
outward labour migration and seeking opportunities for their
L
NO arbeidsmigrasjon
nationals abroad. M
N
legal entry
O
BG In the Schengen context, and for astay not exceeding three
CS oprvnn vstup months per six-month period, the entry ofathird-country
P
DE legale Einreise national into aSchengen Member State incompliance with
EL Art.5ofthe Schengen Borders Code.
Q
ES entrada legal
ET seaduslik (riiki) sisenemine Source R
FI laillinen maahantulo Global context: Derived byEMN from the definition ofentry
FR entre lgale inIOM Glossary onMigration, 2nd ed. 2011and the definition S
GA iontril dhleathach ofillegal entry inthe UNConvention against Transnational
HU leglis beutazs / belps
Organized Crime and its Protocols T
IT ingresso autorizzato
Schengen context: Derived byEMN from Art.5ofCouncil
LT teistas atvykimas U
Regulation (EC) No562/2006 (Schengen Borders Code)
LV likumga ieceoana
MT Dul legali V
Narrower term
NL legale binnenkomst
admission onto the territory
PL legalny wjazd
PT legalne przekroczenie granicy,
W
RO intrare legal Related terms
SK oprvnen vstup (national law) / leglny vstup
border control X
external EU border
SL zakonit vstop
SV laglig inresa internal EU border Y
irregular entry
NO lovlig innreise (b) / lovleg innreise(n)
refusal of entry Z
Definition Schengen Borders Code
In the global context, the entry ofan alien into aforeign country
incompliance with the necessary requirements for legal entry
into the receiving State.
177
L BG
CS
DE
legal migration

legln migrace
legale Migration
Definition
Migration inaccordance with the applicable legal framework.
EL Source
ES inmigracin legal Developed byEMN
ET seaduslik rnne
FI laillinen maahanmuutto Synonym
FR migration lgale regular migration
GA imirce dhleathach
HU leglis migrci
Broader term
IT migrazione autorizzata
migration
LT teista migracija
LV legla migrcija
MT Migrazzjoni legali
Related term
irregular migration
NL legale migratie
PL legalna migracja
PT migrao legal Note
RO migraie legal DG HOME e-Library Glossary defines the term asfollows:
SK leglna migrcia Migration that occurs through recognised, authorised channels
SL zakonita migracija (based onIOM).
SV laglig migration
NO lovlig migrasjon) (b) / lovleg migrasjon(n)
178
A
Lisbon Treaty
B
BG Definition
CS Lisabonsk smlouva An international agreement initially known asthe Reform C
DE Vertrag von Lissabon Treaty which amends the two treaties that form the constitu-
EL tional basis ofthe European Union and which aims toenhance D
ES Tratado deLisboa the efficiency and democratic legitimacy ofthe European Union
ET and toimprove the coherence ofits actions. E
FI Lisbonin sopimus
FR Trait deLisbonne F
Source
GA Conradh Liospin
Derived byEMN from Website onthe Lisbon Treaty
HU Lisszaboni Szerzds
IT Trattato diLisbona
G
Synonyms
LT Lisabonos sutartis
LV Lisabonas lgums
Reform Treaty H
Treaty ofLisbon
MT Trattat (It-) ta Lisbona
NL Verdrag van Lissabon I
PL Traktat Lizboski Related term
PT Common European Asylum System J
RO
SK Lisabonsk zmluva Notes K
SL Lizbonska pogodba 1.The Treaty ofLisbon was signed bythe 27Member States
SV Lissabonfrdraget on13December 2007, and entered into force on1December
2009. Itamends the Maastricht Treaty (1993), which isalso
L
NO Lisboa-traktaten
known asthe Treaty onEuropean Union, and the Treaty ofRome M
(1952), which isalso known asthe Treaty establishing the Euro-
pean Community (TEEC). AtLisbon, the Treaty ofRome was N
renamed the Treaty onthe Functioning ofthe European Union
(TFEU).
O
2.Prominent changes included the move from unanimity
toqualified majority voting inat least 45policy areas inthe
P
Council ofMinisters, achange incalculating such amajority
toanew double majority, amore powerful European Parliament
Q
forming abicameral legislature alongside the Council ofminis-
ters under the ordinary legislative procedure, aconsolidated R
legal personality for the EU, and the creation ofalong-term
President ofthe European Council and aHigh Representative S
ofthe Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy. The Treaty
also made the Unions bill ofrights, the Charter ofFundamental T
Rights of the European Union, legally binding.
U
3.The Treaty ofLisbon broadened the competences ofthe EUin
asylum issues. According toArt.78TFEU, acommon policy V
onasylum isdeveloped through the ordinary legislative proce-
dure. There isno mentioning ofminimum standards asbefore W
which sets the aim toconvergence. The Article provides for the
legal basis for the CEAS. For further information, see the entry X
for Common European Asylum System inthis EMN Glossary.
Y
4.For more information see the Website ofthe Lisbon Treaty:
http://www.lisbon-treaty.org/wcm/the-lisbon-treaty.html Z
179
L BG
CS
DE

mal pohranin styk
kleiner Grenzverkehr
Definition
The regular crossing ofan external land border byborder resi-
dents inorder tostay inaborder area, for example for social,
EL cultural orsubstantiated economic reasons, orfor family rea-
ES trfico fronterizo local sons, for aperiod not exceeding three months.
ET kohalik piiriliiklus
FI paikallinen rajaliikenne Source
FR trafic frontalier local
Art.3(3) ofCouncil Regulation (EC) No1931/2006 (Local Border
GA trcht teorann itiil
Traffic Regulation)
HU kishatrforgalom
IT traffico frontaliero locale
Related terms
LT vietinis eismas per sien
border area
LV vietj pierobeas satiksme
border resident
MT Traffiku lokali mal-fruntiera / mal-konfini
frontier worker
NL klein grensverkeer
PL may ruch graniczny
PT pequeno trfego fronteirio
RO mic trafic defrontier
SK mal pohranin styk (EU acquis) /
prihranin doprava (national law)
SL lokalni obmejni promet
SV lokal grnstrafik
NO lokal grensetrafikk
long-term migrant
BG Definition
CS dlouhodob migrant A person who moves toacountry other than that oftheir usual
DE langfristig aufhltiger Migrant, Langzeit-Migrant residence for aperiod ofat least ayear (12months), sothat the
EL country ofdestination effectively becomes their new country
ES persona migrante decarcter permanente ofusual residence.
ET pikaajaline sisserndaja
FI pitkn oleskellut maahanmuuttaja Source
FR migrant delongue dure
OECD Glossary ofStatistical Terms
GA imirceach fadtarmach
HU huzamos tartzkodi jogllssal rendelkez

Broader term
szemly (not commonly used, Letelepedett
migrant
isused forpersons who have the right tostay
foranindefiniteperiod)
IT migrante dilungo termine
Related terms
long-term migration
LT ilgalaikis migrantas
short-term migrant
LV ilgtermia migrants
MT Via gal jara / mija / waqfa fit-tul
NL langverblijvende migrant (syn.: langdurige migrant)
PL migrant dugookresowy
PT migrante delonga durao
RO migrant petermen lung
SK dlhodob migrant
SL migrant zadalje obdobje
SV lngtidsmigrant
NO migrant med langvarig opphold (b) /
migrantmedlangvarig opphald(n)
180
A
long-term migration
B
BG Definition
CS dlouhodob migrace Movement ofindividuals who change their country ofusual res- C
DE langfristige Migration, Langzeit-Migration idence for aperiod ofat least one year, sothat the country
EL ofdestination effectively becomes their new country ofusual D
ES migracin delarga duracin residence.
ET pikaajaline sissernne E
FI pitkaikainen maahanmuutto Source
FR migration delongue dure F
Derived byEMN from the UNRecommendations onStatistics
GA imirce fhadtarmach
ofInternational Migration
HU huzamos idej tartzkodsi cllal trtn migrci
IT migrazione dilungo termine
and OECD Glossary ofStatistical Terms G
LT ilgalaik migracija
LV ilgtermia migrcija
Synonyms H
permanent-type migration
MT Migrant(a) fit-tul / gal mien twil
NL lange-termijnmigratie
permanent migration I
PL migracja dugookresowa
PT migrao de longa durao Broader term J
migration
RO migraie petermen lung
SK dlhodob migrcia K
SL migracija zadalje obdobje Related terms
SV lngtidsmigration long-termmigrant
short-termmigration
L
NO langtidsmigrasjon
temporary migration
M
Note N
Long-term migration and permanent migration are often
understood asquasi-synonyms. The OECD defines permanent
O
migration asa concept relating toundertaking migration with
aview to, orwhich results in, settling onapermanent basis
inthe country ofdestination.
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
181
L BG
CS
DE
long-term resident

dlouhodob pobvajc rezident
langfristig Aufenthaltsberechtigter
Definition
A third-country national who has long-term resident status
asprovided for under Arts. 4to7ofCouncil Directive
EL 2003/109/EC oras provided for under national legislation.
ES residente delarga duracin
ET pikaajaline elanik Source
FI pitkn oleskellut Art.2(b) ofCouncil Directive 2003/109/EC (Long Term Residents
FR rsident delongue dure
Directive)
GA cnaitheoir fadtarmach
HU huzamos tartzkods jogval rendelkez szemly
Related term
IT residente dilungo termine
right ofresidence
LT ilgalaikis gyventojas
LV pastvgais iedzvotjs
MT Migrazzjoni fit-tul
Notes
NL langdurig ingezetene 1.EU Member States must recognise long-term resident status
PL rezydent dugoterminowy after five years ofuninterrupted legal residence. This ishowever
PT residente delonga durao dependent upon the person having astable and regular source
RO rezident petermen lung ofincome, health insurance and, when required bythe EUMem-
SK osoba sdlhodobm pobytom ber State, having complied with integration measures. The appli-
SL rezident zadalje obdobje cant must also not constitute athreat topublic security or
SV varaktigt bosatt publicpolicy.
NO person med permanent oppholdtillatelse (b) /
personmed permanent opphaldslyve(n) 2.Directive 2011/51/EU of11May 2011amended Directive
2003/109/EC toextend its scope ofapplication tobeneficiaries
ofinternational protection.
3.The UNRecommendations onStatistics onInternational

Migration set one year ofintended residence asthe lower
threshold.
long-stay visa
BG Definition
CS dlouhodob vzum The authorisation ordecision issued byone ofthe Member
DE Visum fr den lngerfristigen Aufenthalt, (EU acquis), States inaccordance with its national law orUnion law required
Langzeit-Visum for entry for anintended stay inthat Member State ofmore than
EL three months.
ES visado para estancia delarga duracin
ET pikaajaline viisa
Source
FI pitkaikainen viisumi
Art.2(m) ofRegulation (EU) No604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation)
FR visa delong sjour
GA vosa fadchuairte
Broader term
HU hossz tv tartzkodsra jogost vzum
visa
IT visto per soggiorno dilunga durata
LT ilgalaik viza
LV ilgtermia vza
Related terms
airport transit visa
MT Resident(a) fit-tul
short-stay visa
NL visum voor verblijf van langere duur
transit visa
PL wiza dugoterminowa
PT visto de longa durao
RO viz delung edere
SK dlhodob vzum
SL vizum zadolgorono bivanje
SV visering fr lngre vistelse
NO oppholdstillatelse (b) / opphaldslyve(n)
182
A
loss of citizenship
B
BG Definition
CS pozbyt sttnho obanstv Any mode ofloss ofthe status ascitizen ofacountry, voluntarily C
DE Verlust der Staatsangehrigkeit / Staatsbrgerschaft orinvoluntarily, automatically orby anact bythe public
EL authorities. D
ES prdida denacionalidad
ET kodakondsuse kaotamine Source E
FI kansalaisuuden menettminen EUDO Online Glossary onCitizenship and Nationality
FR perte dela citoyennet F
GA cailleadh saornachta
Synonym
HU llampolgrsg elvesztse
IT perdita dicittadinanza
loss ofnationality G
LT pilietybs netekimas
LV pilsonbas zaudana
Broader term H
citizenship
MT Telf ta ittadinanza
NL verlies van het staatsburgerschap I
PL utrata obywatelstwa Note
PT perda denacionalidade The main types ofloss are renunciation, withdrawal and lapse J
RO pierderea ceteniei ofcitizenship.
SK strata ttneho obianstva K
SL izguba dravljanstva
SV frlust avmedborgarskap L
NO tap avstatsborgerskap (b) /
tapavstatsborgarskap(n) M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
183
M BG
CS
DE
managed migration

zen migrace
gesteuerte Migration
Definition
An approach used bythe EUand Member States tostructure the
management ofall aspects ofmigration into and within the
EL EUof both third-country nationals and EUnationals, particu-
ES gestin integral dela migracin larly the entry, admission, residence, integration and return,
ET juhitud rnne aswell asof refugees and others inneed ofprotection.
FI hallittu maahanmuutto
FR gestion des migrations
Source
GA imirce bhainistithe
Developed byEMN
HU migrci kezels / migrci menedzsment (+ well-
managed migration = megfelelen kezelt migrci)
Synonym
IT migrazione gestita
migration management
LT valdoma migracija
LV prvaldta migrcija
MT estjoni ta flussi migratorji Related terms
economic migrant
NL gereguleerde migratie
economic migration
PL migracja zarzdzana
forced migration
PT migrao assistida / Gesto deMigraes
quota
RO migraie controlat
SK riaden migrcia
SL upravljanje migracij / vodene migracije
SV reglerad migration
NO styrt migrasjon
mandate refugee
BG Definition
() A person who meets the criteria ofthe UNHCR Statute and qual-
CS mandatorn uprchlk ifies for the protection ofthe UNprovided bythe High
DE Mandatsflchtling Commissioner for Refugees, regardless ofwhether ornot they
EL are inacountry that isaparty tothe Geneva Convention
ES refugiado (bajo mandato) of1951, orwhether ornot they have been recognised bythe
ET mandaadipagulane host country asarefugee under either ofthese instruments.
FI mandaattipakolainen
FR rfugi relevant dumandat duHCR
Source
GA ddeana de rir sainord
HU mandtumos meneklt
IT rifugiato exMandato
LT pabglis pagal mandat
Broader term
refugee
LV UNHCR mandta bglis
MT Rifujat(a) bdigriet / bmandat
NL mandaatvluchteling Related term
Convention refugee
PL uchodca mandatowy
PT refugiados (Mandato)
RO refugiat sub mandat UNHCR
SK mandtny uteenec
SL mandatni begunec
SV no translation
NO overfringsflyktning
184
A
marriage of convenience
B
BG Definition
CS elov manelstv A marriage contracted for the sole purpose ofenabling the per- C
DE Scheinehe son concerned toenter orreside inaMember State.
EL D
ES matrimonio decomplacencia Source
ET fiktiivabielu / niline abielu Art.16 (2b) ofCouncil Directive 2003/86/EC (Family Reunification E
FI lumeavioliitto Directive)
FR mariage decomplaisance F
GA psadh isilachta
Related terms
HU rdekhzassg
IT matrimonio fittizio
adoption ofconvenience G
civilpartnership ofconvenience
LT fiktyvi santuoka
LV fiktva laulba
false declaration of parenthood H
MT wie ta konvenjenza / gall-konvenjenza
NL schijnhuwelijk I
PL maestwo zawarte wcelu obejcia Note
przepisw umoliwiajcych legalizacj pobytu / For further information, see EMN: Marriages ofconvenience J
maestwofikcyjne and false declarations ofparenthood, 2012.
PT casamento deconvenincia K
RO cstorie deconvenien
SK elov manelstvo L
SL poroka izkoristoljubja
SV
NO
skenktenskap
proformaekteskap
M
N
mass influx O
BG Definition
P
CS hromadn pliv Arrival inthe Community ofalarge number ofdisplaced per-
DE Massenzustrom sons, who come from aspecific country orgeographical area,
Q
EL whether their arrival inthe Community was spontaneous
ES afluencia masiva oraided, for example through anevacuation programme. R
ET massiline sissernne
FI joukoittainen maahantulo Source S
FR afflux massif
Art.2(d) ofCouncil Directive 2001/55/EC (Temporary Protection
GA mrphld isteach
Directive) T
HU tmeges beramls
IT afflusso massiccio U
Related term
LT antpldis
LV masveida piepldums
MT Influss tal-massa / ta massa
V
NL massale toestroom (syn.: massale instroom)
PL masowy napyw
W
PT afluxo macio
RO aflux masiv X
SK hromadn prlev
SL mnoini priliv / mnoini prihod Y
SV massiv tillstrmning
NO massetilstrmning (b) / massetilstryming(n) Z
185
M BG
CS
DE
material reception conditions

materiln podmnky pijet
materielle Aufnahmebedingungen
Definition
The reception conditions that include housing, food and clothing
provided inkind, oras financial allowances orin vouchers,
EL oracombination ofthe three, and adaily expenses allowance.
ES condiciones materiales deacogida
ET materiaalsed varjupaigataotlejate Source
vastuvtutingimused Art.2(g) ofDirective 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception Conditions
FI aineelliset vastaanotto-olosuhteet
Directive)
FR conditions matrielles daccueil
GA dla bhartha glactha
Broader term
HU a befogads anyagi felttelei
reception conditions
IT condizioni materiali diaccoglienza
LT materialins primimo slygos
LV materilie uzemanas nosacjumi
Note
MT Kondizzjonijiet materjali tal-akkoljenza For further information, see EMN: The Organisation ofRecep-
NL materile opvangvoorzieningen tion Facilities for Asylum Seekers indifferent Member States,
PL materialne warunki przyjmowania 2013.
PT condies materiais deacolhimento
RO condiii materiale derecepie
SK materilne prijmacie podmienky (EU acquis) /
materilne podmienky prijmania (national law)
SL materialni pogoji sprejema
SV materiella mottagningsvillkor
NO materielle mottaksforhold (b) /
materiellemottakstilhve(n)
186
A
migrant
B
BG Definition
CS migrant In the global context, aperson who isoutside the territory ofthe C
DE Migrant State ofwhich they are nationals orcitizens and who has
EL resided inaforeign country for more than one year irrespective D
ES persona migrante ofthe causes, voluntary orinvoluntary, and the means, regular
ET sisserndaja orirregular, used tomigrate. E
FI maahanmuuttaja / siirtolainen In the EUcontext, aperson who either:
FR migrant F
(i) establishes their usual residence inthe territory ofaMember
GA imirceach
State for aperiod that is, oris expected tobe, ofat least
HU migrns
IT migrante
12months, having previously been usually resident inanother G
Member State orathird country; or
LT migrantas
LV migrants
(ii) having previously been usually resident inthe territory H
ofaMember State, ceases tohave their usual residence inthat
MT Migrant(a)
NL migrant Member State for aperiod that is, oris expected tobe, ofat I
PL migrant least 12months.
PT migrante J
RO migrant Source
SK migrant Global context: derived byEMN from the UNRecommendations K
SL migrant onStatistics ofInternational Migration and UNESCO
SV migrant EU context: Derived byEMN from Eurostats Concepts and L
NO migrant Definitions Database and the UNRecommendations onStatistics
ofInternational Migration M
Narrower terms N
economic migrant
emigrant
forced
O
migrant
immigrant
short-term migrant
P
long-term migrant
Q
Related term
migration R
Notes S
1.Atthe international level, nouniversally accepted definition
for migrant exists. T
2.Under the UNdefinition, those travelling for shorter periods U

astourists and business persons would not beconsidered
migrants. However, common usage includes certain kinds V
ofshort-term migrants, such asseasonal workers.
W
3.The term migrant was usually understood tocover all cases
where the decision tomigrate was taken freely bythe individual X
concerned for reasons ofpersonal convenience and without
intervention ofan external compelling factor; ittherefore applied Y
topersons, and family members, moving toanother country
orregion tobetter their material orsocial conditions and Z
improve the prospect for themselves ortheir family.
187
M BG
CS
DE
migrant stock

poet imigrant - stav k
Anzahl der Einwanderer
Definition
The number ofmigrants inagiven area onacertain date
(e.g.1January or31December) ofthe year inquestion.
EL
ES poblacin inmigrante Source
ET sissernnanute arv kindlal territooriumil, Derived byEMN from Eurostat: Working Papers and Studies
teatudajaseisuga (3/2003/E/no25)
FI maahanmuuttajavestn mr
FR stock demigrants
Synonyms
GA lion nan-imirceach
immigrant population
HU bevndorlk arnya
stock ofmigrants
IT stock dimigranti
LT migrant skaiius
LV migrantu skaits (1.janvr)
Broader terms
population stock
MT Rendikont tal-migranti
stock offoreigners
NL migrant stock (no usual translation)
PL populacja migrantw wdanym momencie
PT Related term
foreign population of a country
RO stoc demigrani
SK poet migrantov / stav migrantov
SL tevilo priseljenecev / zaloga migrantov
SV migrantstock
NO antall registrert bosatte innvandrere (b) /
talpregistrert busette innvandrarar(n)
188
A
migrant worker
B
BG Definition
CS migrant - zamstnanec A person who isto beengaged, isengaged orhas been engaged C
DE Arbeitsmigrant, Wanderarbeiter, Wanderarbeitnehmer inaremunerated activity inastate ofwhich they are not
EL nationals. D
ES trabajador migrante
ET vrttaja Source E
FI siirtotylinen / vierastylinen UN Convention onthe Protection ofAll Migrant Workers and
FR travailleur migrant F
Members oftheir Families
GA oibr imirceach
HU migrns munkavllal
IT lavoratore migrante
Synonyms G
foreign worker
LT migrantas darbuotojas
LV darba mjs migrants
labour migrant H
MT Migrant(a) addiem(a)
NL arbeidsmigrant (syn.: buitenlandse werknemer) Broader term I
economic migrant
PL pracownik migrujcy
PT trabalhador migrante J
RO lucrtor / muncitor migrant Narrower terms
SK migrujci pracovnk / pracovn migrant contract migrant worker K
SL delavec migrant highly qualified migrant
SV migrantarbetare L
NO arbeidsmigrant Related terms
guest
labour
worker
migration
M
N
Notes
1.OECD defines amigrant worker asa foreigner admitted
O
bythe receiving state for the specific purpose ofexercising
aneconomic activity remunerated from within the receiving
country. Their length ofstay isusually restricted asis the type
P
ofemployment they can hold.
Q
2.For the purpose ofthe EMN the UNdefinition isprefered asit
ismore common inliterature and more comprehensive since R
itspecifically includes those migrant workers who may currently
beout ofwork, but had been working earlier. The Convention S
also includes self-employed workers.
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
189
M BG
CS
DE
migration

migrace
Migration
Source
Global context: derived byEMN from UNRecommendations
onStatistics ofInternational Migration and IOM GLossary
EL onMigration, 2nd ed., 2011
ES migracin EU context: Derived byEMN from the UNRecommendations
ET rnne onStatistics ofInternational Migration and OECD Glossary
FI muuttoliike / siirtolaisuus ofStatistical Terms
FR migration
GA imirce
Narrower terms
HU migrci
economic migration
IT migrazione
emigration
LT migracija
forced migration
LV migrcija
immigration
MT Migrazzjoni
irregularmigration
NL migratie
legalmigration
PL migracja
long-term migration
PT migrao
short-term migration
RO migraie
SK migrcia
SL migracija Related terms
SV migration displacement
NO migrasjon migrant
Notes
Definition 1.Atthe international level, nouniversally accepted definition
In the global context, movement ofaperson either across for migration exists.
aninternational border (international migration), orwithin
astate (internal migration) for more than one year irrespective 2.IOM defines migration asfollows: movement ofaperson
ofthe causes, voluntary orinvoluntary, and the means, regular oragroup ofpersons, either across aninternational border
orirregular, used tomigrate. (international migration), orwithin astate (internal migration),
In the EUcontext, the action bywhich aperson either: encompassing any kind ofmovement ofpeople, whatever its
(i) establishes their usual residence inthe territory ofaMember length, composition and causes. This broad definition covers all
State for aperiod that is, oris expected tobe, ofat least forms ofmigration (voluntrary / forced migration, internal / inter-
12months, having previously been usually resident inanother national migration, long-term / short-term migration), different
Member State orathird country; or motives for migration (migration because ofpolitical persecu-
(ii) having previously been usually resident inthe territory tion, conflicts, economic problems, environmental degradation
ofaMember State, ceases tohave their usual residence inthat oracombination ofthese reasons ormigration insearch ofbet-
Member State for aperiod that is, oris expected tobe, ofat ter economic conditions orconditions ofsurvival orwell-being,
least 12months. orother motives such asfamiliy reunfication) and irrespective
ofthe means used tomigrate (legal / irregular migration). Thus
itincludes migration ofrefugees, displaced persons, economic
migrants and persons moving for other purposes, including
family reunification.
3.Under the UN, the definition movements for shorter periods

would not beconsidered migration.
190
A
Migration, Asylum, Refugees Regional Initiative
B
BG , Definition
An initiative forming part ofthe South-East European C
CS Regionln iniciativa pro migraci, azyl auprchlky Cooperation Process, which aims toenhance regional coopera-
DE Regionale Migrations-, Asyl- und Flchtlingsinitiative tion inthe field ofmigration bypromoting acomprehensive, D
EL , integrated, and coherent approach tothe issues ofmigration,
asylum, border management, visa policies and consular cooper- E
ES iniciativa regional para lamigracin, ation, refugee return and settlement inorder tomeet interna-
elasiloylosrefugiados tional and European standards. F
ET rnde, varjupaiga japagulaste regionaalne meede
(no usual translation)
Source G
FI maahanmuuttoa, turvapaikkaa japakolaisia koskeva
Website ofMARRI
alueellinen aloite
FR Initiative rgionale enmatire demigration,
H
Synonym
dasileetde retour des rfugis
GA Tionscnamh Riginach umImirce,
MARRI I
Tearmann&Ddeanaithe
HU Migrci sMenekltgyi Regionlis Kezdemnyezs Related term J
IT Iniziativa Regionale Migrazione, Asilo, Rifugiati
LT Migracijos, prieglobsio irpabgli K
regionininiciatyva Notes
LV Migrcijas, patvruma unbgu reionl iniciatva 1.MARRI was formed in2003within the context ofthe Stability L
MT Inizzjattiva Rejonali dwar il-Migrazzjoni, Pact for South Eastern Europe bymerging the Regional Return
l-Ail,ur-Rifujati Initiative (RRI) and the Migration and Asylum Initiative (MAI).
Since 2004, MARRI has functioned through two mechanisms: the
M
NL Regionaal Migratie-, Asiel- enVluchtelingeninitiatief
PL Regionalna Inicjatywa wsprawach Migracji, MARRI Regional Forum, which provides political and framework N
AzyluiUchodstwa support tothe Initiative, and the MARRI Regional Centre
PT inSkopje, which carries out practical cooperation and activities
iniciativa regional sobre migrao, asilo erefugiados O
RO Iniiativa regional cuprivire lamigraaie, ofMARRI and supports the implementation ofthe decisions
azilirefugiai reached bythe Regional Forum.
P
SK Regionlna iniciatva pre migrciu, azyl auteencov
SL Regionalna pobuda zamigracije, azil inbegunce 2.MARRIs top priority isthe enhancement ofregional coopera-
SV Regionala initiativet fr migration, asyl och flyktingar tion inits fields ofactivities among countries inthe regio,
Q
NO regionalt initiativ for asyl ogflyktninger for Vest- asavital part ofthe EUintegration process and inline with the
Balkan (b) / regionalt initiativ for asyl ogflyktningar Thessaloniki Agenda for the Western Balkans. R
for Vest-Balkan(n)
3.For more information, see the website ofMARRI: S
http://www.marri-rc.org/Default.aspx?mid=1&Lan=EN
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
191
M BG
CS
DE
migration flow

migran tok
Wanderungsbewegung, Migrationsbewegung
Definition
The number ofmigrants crossing aboundary, within aspecific
time period, for the purpose ofestablishing residence.
EL
ES flujo migratorio Source
ET rndevoog Developed byEMN
FI muuttovirta
FR flux migratoire
Synonym
GA sreabhadh imirce migratory flow
HU migrcis ramlat
IT flusso migratorio
Related terms
LT migracijos srautas
crude rate ofnet migration
LV migrcijas plsma
mixed migration flow
MT Nixxiega migratorja
net migration
NL migratiestroom
population stock
PL strumie migracyjny
total migration
PT fluxo migratrio
RO flux demigraie
SK migran tok Notes
SL migracijski tok 1.The boundary can range from within national borders, within
SV migrationsstrmmar the EUand international boundaries, and can range from inter-
NO migrasjonsstrm (b) / migrasjonsstraum(n) national migration flows (crossing national borders) and internal
migration flows (within the same national border).
2.UNstatistics inparticular also refer toinflows (flow of

migrants entering into aparticular boundary) and outflows
(flow ofmigrants leaving aparticular boundary).
192
A
migration profile
B
BG Definition
CS migran profil A tool tobring together and analyse all the relevant information C
DE Migrationsprofil needed todevelop policy inthe field ofmigration and develop-
EL ment and tomonitor the impact ofpolicies implemented. D
ES perfil migratorio
ET rndeprofiil Source E
FI muuttoprofiili Annex I, 2 (glossary) toCOM(2007) 247final
FR profil migratoire F
GA prifl imirce
Broader term
HU migrcis profil
IT profilo migratorio
Global Approach toMigration and Mobility G
LT migracijos profilis
LV migrcijas profils
Related terms H
Cooperation Platform onMigration and
MT Profil migratorju
NL migratieprofiel Development I
PL profil migracyjny
PT perfil migratrio / profiling mobility partnership J
RO profil demigraie
SK migran profil Notes K
SL migracijski profil 1.Migration profiles are reports onthe migration situation
SV migrationsprofil ofacountry for the purpose ofincreasing the evidence-base for L
NO migrasjonsprofil their own policy development. Such reports contain data and
analysis oncurrent migration patterns, labour market trends,
remittance flows, information ondiasporas and other develop-
M
ment-related data. N
2.Migration profiles have been produced byIOM and byCARIM
O
(Consortium for Applied Research onInternational Migration)
amongst other organisations. For more information see the
description ofmigration profiles onthe IOM website.
P
3.The Global Forum onMigration and Development also hosts

Q
arepository ofmigration profiles: http://www.gfmd.org/pfp/poli-
cy-tools/migration-profiles/repository R
4.Migration profiles entail ananalysis ofthe policy and practice S

ofastate and not that ofaperson. Inthis vein, the concept
should not beconfused with the profiling ofaperson. T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
193
M BG
CS
DE
migration routes initiative

Iniciativa migranch tras
Migrationsrouten-Initiative
Definition
An initiative bywhich work along the main migratory routes
through aparticular region and towards the EUis identified and
EL which takes into account the need towork inclose collaboration
ES iniciativa derutas migratorias with the third countries along these routes.
ET rndeteede meede
FI muuttoreittej koskeva aloite Source
FR initiative relative aux routes migratoires
Annex I, 2 (glossary) toCommunication applying the Global
GA Tionscnamh umBheala Imirce
Approach toMigration, COM(2007) 247final
HU migrcis tvonalak kezdemnyezs
IT Iniziativa Rotte migratorie
Broader term
LT Migracijos marrut iniciatyva
LV Migrcijas ceu iniciatva
MT Inizzjattiva fir-rigward tar-rotot migratorji
NL migratie-routes initiatief Related terms
Cooperation Platform onMigration
PL Inicjatywa ds. Szlakw Migracyjnych
PT Iniciativa sobre rotas migratrias andDevelopment
migration profile
RO iniiativa cuprivire larutele demigraie
mobility partnership
SK iniciatva migranch trs
SL Pobuda glede migracijskih poti
SV Migration Routes Initiative
NO initiativ itilknytning til migrasjonsruter (b) /
initiativitilknyting til migrasjonsruter(n)
minimum standards
BG Definition
CS minimln normy In anasylum context, anumber ofprinciples inrelation toproce-
DE Minimumstandards dures for international protection, toreception conditions, and
EL tothe refugee definition established bythe Treaty ofAmsterdam
ES normas mnimas from which EUMember States cannot derogate.
ET miinimumnuded
FI vhimmisvaatimukset Source
FR normes minimales
Derived byEMN from Art.63ofthe Treaty ofAmsterdam
GA oschaighdein
HU minimumszablyok
Related term
IT norme minime
LT btiniausi reikalavimai
LV minimlie standarti
MT Livelli standard minimi
Note
NL minimumnormen In the Tampere Agreement, and then reaffirmed bythe Hague
PL minimalne standardy Programme, Member States agreed togo beyond minimum
PT standards and develop aCommon European Asylum System
RO standarde minime (CEAS) based onacommon asylum procedure and auniform
SK minimlne pravidl / minimlne tandardy status for those who are granted international protection.
SL minimalni standardi
SV miniminormer
NO minimumsstandard
194
A
minor
B
BG Definition
CS nezletil In alegal context and incontrast toachild, aperson who, C
DE Minderjhriger according tothe law oftheir respective country, isunder the age
EL ofmajority, i.e. isnot yet entitled toexercise specific civil and D
ES menor political rights.
ET alaealine E
FI alaikinen Source
FR mineur F
UNHCR International Thesaurus ofRefugee Terminology
GA mionaoiseach
HU kiskor
IT minorenne
Related terms G
adult
LT nepilnametis
LV nepilngadgais
age assessment H
child
MT Minorenni
NL minderjarige I
PL maoletni Notes
PT menor 1.This isthe preferred term touse when referring toan individ- J
RO minor ual. The term child should then beused todescribe the rela-
SK malolet tionship with other family members. K
SL mladoletnik
SV underrig 2.The age specified bylaw, called the legal age ofmajority, L
NO mindrerig indicates that aperson acquires full legal capacity tobe bound
byvarious documents, such ascontracts and deeds, that they
make with others and tocommit other legal acts such asvoting
M
inelections and entering marriage. The age atwhich aperson N
becomes anadult varies from State toState and often varies
within aState, depending upon the nature ofthe action taken
O
bythe person.
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
195
M BG
CS
DE
minority

menina
Minderheit
Definition
A non-dominant group which isusually numerically less than the
majority population ofaState orregion regarding their ethnic, reli-
EL gious orlinguistic characteristics and who (if only implicitly) maintain
ES minora solidarity with their own culture, traditions, religion orlanguage.
ET vhemus
FI vhemmist Source
FR minorit
Derived byEMN from IOM Glossary onMigration, 2nd ed. 2011
GA mionlach
HU kissebbsg
Narrower terms
IT minoranza
ethnic minority
LT mauma
national minority
LV minoritte
MT Minoranza / Fminoranza
NL minderheid Related terms
ethnicity
PL mniejszo
ethnic nationality
PT Minoria
RO minoritate
SK menina Notes
SL manjina 1.There isstill nouniversally accepted definition ofminority
SV minoritet ininternational law, although avariety ofinternational docu-
NO minoritet ments have attempted todefine the concept ofaminority. See,
for example, Art.27ofthe 1966International Covenant
onCivil and Political Rights (ICCPR).
2.This definition has been added because ofits relevance

tointernational protection and integration-related aspects.
mixed migration flow

BG Definition
CS smen migran tok Complex migratory population movement including refugees, asy-
DE gemischte Wanderungs-/ Migrationsbewegung lum-seekers, economic migrants and other types ofmigrants
EL asopposed tomigratory population movements that consist
ES flujo migratorio mixto entirely ofone category ofmigrants.
ET segarndevoog (no usual translation)
FI erilaisista ryhmist koostuva muuttovirta
Source
FR flux migratoire mixte IOM Glossary onMigration, 2nd ed. 2011
GA sreabhadh imirce measctha
HU vegyes migrcis ramls
Related term
IT flusso migratorio misto
migration flow
LT mirs migracijos srautai
LV jauktas migrcijas plsma
MT Fluss migratorju mallat //
Nixxiegamigratorjamallta
NL gemengde migratiestroom
PL mieszane przepywy migracyjne
PT
RO flux demigraie mixt
SK zmiean migran toky
SL meani migracijski tok
SV blandade migrationsstrmmar
NO blandet migrasjonsstrm (b) / blanda
migrasjonsstraum(n)
196
A
mobility partnership
B
BG Definition
CS partnerstv pro mobilitu A cooperation arrangement, onthe basis ofpolitical declarations, C
DE Mobilittspartnerschaft that provides the bilateral framework for dialogue and practical
EL cooperation toaddress relevant migration and mobility issues D
ES asociacin demovilidad ofmutual concern primarily with EUneighbourhood countries,
ET rndepartnerlus including short and long-term mobility, onavoluntary basis. E
FI liikkuvuuskumppanuus
FR partenariat pour lamobilit F
Source
GA comhphirtocht soghluaisteachta
Council Conclusions (No 42) onthe Global Approach ofMigration
HU mobilitsi partnersg
IT partenariato per lamobilit
and Mobility of29May 2012 G
LT judumo partneryst
LV mobilittes partnerba
Synonym H
MP
MT Multikulturalimu
NL mobiliteitspartnerschappen I
PL Partnerstwo narzecz Mobilnoci Related terms
PT parcerias para amobilidade circularmigration J
Cooperation Platform onMigration
RO parteneriat demobilitate
SK partnerstvo voblasti mobility / mobilitn partnerstvo andDevelopment K
SL partnerstvo zamobilnost Global Approach toMigration and Mobility
migration profile
SV partnerskap fr rrlighet L
NO mobilitetspartnerskap (b) / mobilitetspartnarskap(n) readmission agreement
Notes
M
1.Mobility partnerships (MPs) are animportant tool ofthe EUs N
Global Approach toMigration and Mobility, providing the over-
all framework for managing various forms oflegal movement
O
between the EUand third countries. Such partnerships are
agreed with those third countries that have inplace effective
mechanisms for readmission ofirregular migrants.
P
2.For further information onthe Global Approach toMigration

Q
and Mobility and onmobility partnerships, see the website
ofDGHOME: http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/what-we-do/ R
policies/international-affairs/global-approach-to-migration/
index_en.htm S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
197
M BG
CS
DE
multiculturalism

multikulturalismus
Multikulturalismus
Definition
A policy that endorses the principle ofcultural diversity and
supports the right ofdifferent cultural and ethnic groups
EL toretain distinctive cultural identities ensuring their equitable
ES multiculturalismo access tosociety, encompassing constitutional principles and
ET multikultuursus commonly shared values prevailing inthe society.
FI monikulttuurisuus
FR multiculturalisme
Source
GA ilchultrthacht
Derived byEMN from the FRA (EUMC) Open Glossary (no longer
HU multikulturalizmus
available online)
IT multiculturalismo
LT multikultrikumas
LV multikulturlisms
Synonym
interculturalism
MT Subija gall-Mobbilit
NL multiculturalisme
PL wielokulturowo Related term
cultural diversity
PT
RO multiculturalism
SK multikulturalizmus Notes
SL multikulturalizem 1.The term was first used in1957todescribe CH, but came into
SV multikulturalism common currency inCanada inthe late 1960s. Itquickly spread
NO multikulturalisme toother English-speaking countries.
2.There isno universally accepted definition ofwhich multicul-

turalism can refer todifferent concepts: demographic facts, phil-
osophical orpolictical ideas and values.
3.Multiculturalism emphasises cultural differences and different

cultures existing next toeach other without necessarily much
contact orparticipative interaction.
4.The model ofmulticulturalism has often been criticised ondif-

ferent grounds. Criticis ofmulticulturalism question the ideal ofthe
maintenance ofdistinct ethnic cultures within astate; others argue
that policies ofmulticulturalism have failed tocreate inclusion
ofdifferent cultures within society, but instead have divided soci-
ety bylegitimising segregated separate communities that have
isolated themselves and accentuated their specificity.
198
A
mutual information mechanism
B
BG Definition
CS Mechanismus vzjemn vmny informac A mechanism for the mutual exchange ofinformation concern- C
DE Mechanismus zur gegenseitigen Information ber ing national measures inthe areas ofasylum and immigration
asylund einwanderungspolitische Manahmen that are likely tohave asignificant impact onseveral Member D
derMitgliedstaaten States oron the European Union asawhole.
EL E
ES Mecanismo deInformacin Mutua Source
ET vastastikuse teabessteemi F
Art.1ofCouncil Decision 2006/688/EC (Mutual Information
FI keskininen tiedottamisjrjestelm
Mechanism Decision)
FR mcanisme dinformation mutuelle
G
GA Ssra um Fhaisnis Fhrithphirteach
Synonyms
HU klcsns tjkoztatsi mechanizmus
IT Meccanismo diInformazione Reciproca
MIM H
mutual
information mechanism concerning Member States
LT Tarpusavio keitimosi informacija mechanizmas
LV savstarpjs informcijas apmaias mehnisms measures in the area of asylum and immigration I
MT Mekkanimu gal Informazzjoni Reiproka
NL Wederzijds Informatiemechanisme Related term J
Information
and Coordination Network
PL Mechanizm Wymiany Informacji
PT Mecanismo deInformao Mtua forMember States Migration K
RO mecanismul deinformare mutual ManagementServices
SK mechanizmus vzjomnej vmeny informci L
SL Medsebojni informacijski sistem Note
SV
NO
system fr msesidigt informationsutbyte
Ordning for gjensidig informasjonsutveksling
The mechanism also allows for the preparation ofexchanges
ofviews and debates onsuch measures.
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
199
M BG
CS
mutual recognition agreement

smlouva ouznvn rovnocennosti doklad
(ovzdln)
Definition
Agreements onthe recognition offoreign qualifications negoti-
ated bygovernments and professional organisations inseveral
N
DE gegenseitige Anerkennungsvereinbarung countries bysetting out clear rules for licensing orcertifying
EL migrant professionals who move between signatory countries
ES acuerdo dereconocimiento mutuo inorder toreduce, oreven eliminate, the need for case-by-case
ET vastastikuse tunnustamise leping assessments when applicants have been trained insystems con-
FI sopimus vastavuoroisesta tunnustamisesta
ferring essentially comparable skills and knowledge.
FR accord dereconnaissance mutuelle
GA comhaont maidir lehaitheantas frithphirteach
Source
HU klcsns elismersi megllapods
Migration Policy Institute: Skilled Immigrants inThe Global
IT accordo direciproco riconoscimento
Economy: Prospects for International Cooperation onRecognition
LT susitarimas dl abipusio pripainimo
ofForeign Qualifications, 2013
LV savstarpjas atzanas lgums
MT Ftehim gar-rikonoxximent reiproku
NL overeenkomst inzake wederzijdse erkenning Synonym
MRA
PL umowa owzajemnym uznaniu kwalifikacji
PT
RO acord derecunoatere mutual Related term
SK dohoda ovzjomnom uznvan rovnocennosti
dokladov ovzdelan
SL sporazum ovzajemnem priznavanju Notes
SV avtal fr msesidigt erknnande avkvalifikationer 1.MRAs can lessen barriers migrant professionals face when
NO avtale omgjensidig godkjenning transferring their skills and experience across borders and help
governments torecognise professional qualifications from other
jurisdictions. They come inseveral different forms with major
variations inthe scope ofthe agreement and the benefits they
provide tothe applicant (automatic, partial orlimited-scope rec-
ognition, temporary access).
2.The furthest-reaching and most comprehensive system isthe

EUs system outlined inCouncil Directive 2005/36/EC (Profes-
sional Qualification Directive) which covers all regulated occupa-
tions inall EUMember States and reduces regulatory authorities
discretion toreject applicants that fall under its purview.
200
N
BG
CS
DE
National Contact Points on Integration

nrodn kontaktn body naintegraci
Nationale Kontaktstellen fr Integration
Definition
A network ofauthorities responsible for integration issues which
serves tofacilitate exchange ofinformation and good practice
A
B
C
EL atEU level with the purpose offinding successful solutions for D
ES puntos decontacto nacional deintegracin integration ofimmigrants inall Member States and toensure
ET integratsiooni riiklikud kontaktpunktid policy coordination and coherence atnational level and with E
FI kotouttamisasioiden kansalliset yhteyspisteet EUinitiatives.
FR Points decontact nationaux enmatire dintgration F
GA Point Teagmhla Nisinta le haghaidh Imeascadh
Source
HU nemzeti integrcis kapcsolattart pontok
IT Punti dicontatto nazionali sullintegrazione
European Website onIntegration G
LT Nacionalinis integracijos informacijos centras
LV nacionlie integrcijas kontaktpunkti
Synonym H
NCPI
MT Punti ta Kuntatt Nazzjonali fuq l-Integrazzjoni
NL nationale contactpunten voor integratie I
PL Krajowe punkty kontaktowe ds. Integracji Broader term
PT Pontos deContacto Nacionais deIntegrao integration J
RO punctele naionale decontact pentru integrare
SK nrodn kontaktn body pre integrciu Narrower term K
SL Nacionalne kontaktne toke zaintegracijo Handbook on Integration
SV nationella kontaktpunkter pintegrationsomrdet L
NO nasjonale kontaktpunkter pintegreringsfeltet (b) / Related terms
nasjonale kontaktpunkt pintegreringsfeltet(n) M
Notes
N
1.The network was created bythe European Commission follow-
O
ing the conclusions ofthe Council ofJustice and Home Affairs
(JAI) ofOctober 2002.
P
2.The National Contact Points onIntegration consider inter alia
employment, education, language, health, housing, culture and
Q
participation. The networks long-term objective isto develop
and reinforce the European framework for integration, inorder R
todefine basic common principles and objectives, todetermine
assessment measures, and toreinforce the coordination S
ofnational and European integration policies.
T
3.One output which the National Contact Points onIntegration
are very much involved inare the Handbooks onIntegration. For U
more information, see: http://ec.europa.eu/ewsi/UDRW/images/
items/docl_1214_371021031.pdf V
W
X
Y
Z
201
N BG
CS
DE
national referral mechanism

nrodn referenn mechanismus
nationaler berweisungsmechanismus
Definition
Mechanism aimed atidentifying, protecting and assisting victims
oftrafficking inhuman beings, through referral, and involving
EL relevant public authorities and civil society.
ES Mecanismo nacional dederivacin
ET nustamisele suunamise riiklik mehhanism Source
FI kansallinen ohjautumisjrjestelm Derived byEMN from the Conclusions onthe new EUStrategy
FR mcanisme national dorientation
towards the Eradication ofTrafficking inHuman Beings 2012-
GA meicnocht nisinta atreorchin
2016ofthe 3195th Justice and Home Affairs Council meeting,
HU nemzeti ldozatirnytsi rendszer
October 2012
IT meccanismo nazionale diriferimento
LT nacionalinis nukreipimo mechanizmas
LV nacionlais nostanas mehnisms
Synonyms
national cooperation mechanism
MT Mekkanimu nazzjonali gal riferiment / ta referenza
NRM
NL nationaal verwijsmechanisme
PL krajowy mechanizm referencyjny
PT Related terms
national rapporteur orequivalent mechanism
RO mecanism naional desesizare
SK nrodn referenn mechanizmus
SL nacionalni mehanizem zaopozarjanje
SV no usual translation Notes
NO nasjonal henvisningsordning (b) / nasjonal 1.This definition was derived for the purpose ofEMN: Identifi-
tilvisingsordning(n) cation ofvictims oftrafficking inhuman beings ininterna-
tional protection and forced return procedures with the
support ofthe Office ofthe Anti-Trafficking Coordinator.
2.The Organisation for Security and Cooperation inEurope (OSCE)

defines anNRM asacooperative framework atnational level
bywhich state actors coordinate their efforts inastrategic part-
nership with civil society toidentify, protect and assist victims
oftrafficking inhuman beings toensure that the human rights
oftrafficked persons are respected and toprovide aneffective
way torefer victims oftrafficking toservices. For more informa-
tion, see OSCE: National referral mechanism: joining efforts
toprotect the rights oftrafficked persons, 2004.
3.The National Rapporteurs orEquivalent Mechanisms (NREMs)

are responsible for monitoring the implementation ofanti-traf-

ficking policy atthe national level and play akey role indata
collection ontrafficking inhuman beings atnational and
EUlevel.
202
A
naturalisation
B
BG Definition
CS nabyt obanstv Any mode ofacquisition after birth ofanationality not previ- C
DE Einbrgerung ously held bythe target person that requires anapplication
EL bythis person ortheir legal agent aswell asan act ofgranting D
ES adquisicin denacionalidad nationality byapublic authority.
ET naturalisatsioon E
FI kansalaistaminen Source
FR naturalisation F
EUDO Online Glossary onCitizenship and Nationality
GA eadirsi; eadirseacht
HU honosts
IT naturalizzazione
Broader term G
LT natralizacija
LV naturalizcija
H
MT Naturalizzazzjoni
Note
NL naturalisatie This definition does not include automatic acquisition that isnot I
PL naturalizacja initiated bythe individual concerned ortheir legal agent (even
PT naturalizao incases where the individual has anoption todecline this attribu- J
RO obinerea ceteniei / naturalizare tion ofnationality) oracquisition ofnationality based onaunilat-
SK naturalizcia eral act bythe target person (e.g. acquisition bydeclaration K
SL naturalizacija oroption).
SV naturalisation L
NO naturalisering
M
N
net migration
O
BG Definition
CS saldo migrace The difference between immigration into and emigration from
P
DE Nettomigration agiven area during the year.
EL Q
ES saldo migratorio Source
ET rndesaldo Eurostats Concepts and Definitions Database R
FI nettomaahanmuutto
FR solde migratoire
Related terms S
GA imirce ghlan
HU nett migrci
migration flow T
IT migrazione netta (o saldo migratorio)
population stock
LT neto migracija U
total migration
LV migrcijas saldo
MT Migrazzjoni netta
NL migratiesaldo (syn.: netto migratie) Notes V
PL migracja netto 1.Net migration isnegative when the number ofemigrants
PT saldo migratrio exceeds the number ofimmigrants. W
RO migraia net
SK migran saldo / ist migrcia 2.Since many countries either donot have accurate figures X
SL neto migracija onimmigration and emigration orhave nofigures atall, net
SV nettomigration migration isfrequently estimated asthe difference between total Y
NO netto migrasjon population change and natural increase between two dates (in
Eurostats database itis then called corrected net migration). The Z
statistics onnet migration are therefore affected byany statistical
inaccuracies inany ofthe components used for their derivation.
203
N BG
CS
DE
non-EU national

oban tet zem
Nicht-EU-Brger
Definition
Any person not having the nationality ofan EUMember State.
EL .. Source
ES nacional detercer pas Derived byEMN from Art.20(1) ofTFEU
ET Mitte-EL kodanik
FI EU:hun kuulumattoman valtion kansalainen Narrower term
FR non-ressortissant dun tat membre third-country national
GA nisinach neamh-AE
HU nem EU-s llampolgr
Related terms
IT cittadino non comunitario
alien
LT ne ESpilietis
union citizen
LV persona bez ESpilsonbas
MT ittadin(a) ta pajji barra l-UE / mhux fl-UE
NL derdelander (syn.: niet-EU onderdaan) Note
PL obywatel pastwa trzeciego This means that nationals ofNO, IS, LI and CH are non-EU
PT nacionais depases terceiros nationals, but they are not third-country nationals, asdefined,
RO cetean alunui stat ter primarily because they have the right tofree movement.
SK ttny prslunk tretej krajiny /
osoba,ktorniejeobanom E
SL ne-dravljan EU
SV icke-EU-medborgare / tredjelandsmedborgare
NO borger avet land som ikke ermedlem iEU (b) /
borgar aveit land som ikkje ermedlem iEU(n)
204
A
non-refoulement
B
BG non-refoulement/ Definition
A core principle ofinternational refugee law that prohibits C
CS zkaz vyhotn anavracen States from returning refugees inany manner whatsoever
DE Nichtzurckweisung, Non-refoulement, Schutz tocountries orterritories inwhich their lives orfreedom may D
vor Zurckweisung, Verbot der Ausweisung und bethreatened onaccount oftheir race, religion, nationality,
Zurckweisung membership ofaparticular social group orpolitical opinion. E
EL -
ES non-refoulement Source F
ET tagasisaatmise lubamatus / non-refoulement
Art.33ofthe Geneva Convention of1951
FI palauttamiskielto
G
FR non-refoulement; interdiction deretour forc (LU)
Related term
GA neamh-refoulement
HU visszaklds tilalma
refoulement H
IT non-refoulement
LT negrinimas
Note I
LV neizraidana The principle ofnon-refoulement isapart ofcustomary interna-
MT Prinipju (il-) ta non-refoulement - lima jsirx ritorn tional law and istherefore binding onall States, whether ornot J
imiegel jew sfurzat they are parties tothe Geneva Convention of1951and its
NL non-refoulement (syn.: het beginsel van niet- Protocol of1967. K
uitwijzing)
PL zasada non-refoulement/ zasada niewydalania L
PT non-refoulement
RO non-refoulment/ nereturnare M
SK zsada zkazu vyhostenia alebo vrtenia / zsada
SL
non-refoulement / princp nenavrtenia
naelo nevraanja
N
SV non-refoulement (frbud mot avvisning / utvisning) O
NO vern mot utsendelse (b) / vern mot utsending(n)
P
nuclear family Q
BG Definition R
CS jdro rodiny The spouse and the minor children ofafamily.
DE Kernfamilie S
EL
Source
ES familia nuclear
Recital 9ofCouncil Directive 2003/86/EC (Family Reunification T
ET tuumikperekond
Directive)
FI ydinperhe U
FR famille nuclaire
GA teaghlach niclach
Related terms
HU nukleris csald
family formation V
family member
IT famiglia nucleare
LT branduolin eima
family reunification W
LV nukler imene
MT Familja nukleari Note X
NL kerngezin This definition refers specifically tothe context offamily reuni-
PL rodzina nuklearna fication only. Y
PT ncleo familiar
RO familie nuclear Z
SK uia rodina
SL osnovna druina
SV krnfamilj
NO kjernefamilie
205
O BG
CS
DE
occupation
/
povoln
Beschftigung
Definition
A set ofjobs whose main tasks and duties are characterised
byahigh degree ofsimilarity.
EL
ES actividad profesional Source
ET amet ILO: ISCO-88, International Standard Classification ofOccupations.
FI ammatti International Labour Office, Geneva 1990
FR profession
GA gairm bheatha
Related terms
HU foglalkozs
employment
IT impiego
profession
LT profesija
LV profesija
MT Impieg / Xogol / Okkupazzjoni
Notes
NL beroep 1.Job, inthe context ofISCO-08, isdefined asfollows: Aset
PL zawd oftasks and duties performed ormeant tobe performed, byone
PT person, including for anemployer orin self employment.
RO ocupaie
SK povolanie 2.The ISCO definition isalso the one used byemployment ser-
SL poklic vices (placement agencies).
SV sysselsttning; yrke
NO yrke
organised crime
BG Definition
CS organizovan zloin Large-scale and complex illicit activities carried out byan organ-
DE organisierte Kriminalitt ised criminal group.
EL
ES delincuencia organizada Source
ET organiseeritud kuritegevus Derived byEMN from the IOM Glossary onMigration, 2nd ed.,2011
FI jrjestytynyt rikollisuus
FR crime organis
Related term
GA coireacht eagraithe
organised criminal group

HU szervezett bnzs
IT criminalit organizzata
Note
LT organizuotas nusikalstamumas
Such operations are generally carried out with aruthless disre-
LV organizt noziedzba
gard ofthe law, and often involve offences against the person,
MT Kriminalit (Il-) organizzata
NL georganiseerde misdaad including threats, intimidation and physical violence.
PL zorganizowana przestpczo
PT
RO crim organizat
SK organizovan zloin
SL organizirani kriminal
SV organiserad brottslighet
NO organisert kriminalitet
206
A
organised criminal group
B
BG Definition
CS skupina organizovanho zloinu A structured group ofthree ormore persons, existing for aperiod C
DE organisierte kriminelle Gruppe / Vereinigung oftime and acting cooperatively with the aim ofcommitting one
EL ormore serious crimes oroffences. D
ES grupo delictivo organizado
ET organiseeritud kuritegelik hendus Source E
FI jrjestytynyt rikollisryhm Art.2(a) ofUN Convention against Transnational Organised
FR groupe criminel organis F
Crime and the protocols thereto
GA buon choiriil eagraithe
HU szervezett bnzi csoport
IT gruppo dicriminalit organizzata
Related terms G
organised crime
LT organizuota nusikalstama grup
LV organizta noziedzga grupa
H
MT Grupp kriminali organizzat //
Gaqdakriminaliorganizzata I
NL criminele organisatie
PL zorganizowana grupa przestpcza J
PT
RO grup / grupare criminal organizat K
SK organizovan zloineck skupina
SL organizirana kriminalna zdruba L
SV gruppering fr organiserad brottslighet
NO organisert kriminell gruppe M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
207
O BG
CS
DE
overstay(er)

pekroen doby povolenho pobytu
Overstayer, rechtswidrige berschreitung eines
Definition
In the global context, aperson who remains inacountry beyond
the period for which entry was granted.
P
befristeten Aufenthalts In the EUcontext, aperson who has legally entered but then stayed
EL inan EUMember State beyond the allowed duration oftheir per-
mitted stay without the appropriate visa (typically 90days
ES extranjero ensituacin irregular sobrevenida orsixmonths), orof their visa and / or residence permit.
ET lubatud viibimisaja leta(ja)mine
FI henkil, joka onjnyt maahan oleskeluluvan tai
Source
viisumin umpeuduttua
Global context: IOM Glossary onMigration, 2nd ed., 2011
FR personne dpassant ladure desjour autorise
EU context: developed byEMN
GA rfhantir (and overstaying = rfhantireacht)
HU tltartzkod
IT overstayer
Broader term
third-country national found
LT asmuo, virijs teisto buvimo laik
LV persona, kas prsniedz atauto uzturans termiu tobeillegallypresent
MT Sebq (Sebbieq) il-qgad // Min jiskorrilu / jiskadilu
l-permess (biex) jibqa // Min itawwal jara Related terms
irregular migrant
illegalment
irregular stay
NL overstayer
PL osoba ktra utracia prawo dopobytu
PT estrangeiro com excesso depermanncia
RO strin cuedere ilegal (prin depirea termenului
deedere conferit deviz sau alt document
deedere)
SK osoba, ktor prekroila povolen dobu pobytu
SL prekoraitev dovoljenega asa prebivanja / oseba,
kiprekorai dovoljeni as prebivanja vdravi
SV person vars uppehllstillstnd har gtt ut
NO person hvis oppholdstillatelse erutlpt (b) / person
med opphaldslyve som har gtt ut(n)
208
P
BG
CS
DE
Palermo Protocol

Palermsk mluva
Palermo-Protokoll
Definition
A UNprotocol toprevent, suppress and punish trafficking inper-
sons, especially women and children, supplementing the
A
B
C
EL UNConvention against Transnational Organized Crime and its D
ES Protocolo dePalermo Protocols.
ET Palermo protokoll E
FI Palermon pytkirja Source
FR Protocole dePalerme F
Palermo Protocol
GA Prtacal Palermo
HU Palermi Jegyzknyv
IT Protocollo diPalermo
Related term G
LT Palermo protokolas
LV Palermo protokols
H
MT Protokoll (Il-) ta Palermo
Note
NL Protocol van Palermo The Protocol was adopted inPalermo, Italy inNovember 2000. I
PL Protok zPalermo
PT Protocolo dePalermo J
RO Protocolul dela Palermo
SK Palermsk protokol K
SL Palermski protokol
SV Palermoprotokollet L
NO Palermo-protokollen
M
partnership of convenience N
BG , Definition
O
P
A partnership contracted for the sole purpose ofenabling one
- ofthe persons concerned toenter orreside inaMember State.
CS elov partnerstv
DE Scheinpartnerschaft
Source Q
EL
Art.16(2b) ofCouncil Directive 2003/86/EC (Family Reunification
ES pareja dehecho deconveniencia
Directive) R
ET partnerlus riiki sisenemise eesmrgil /
mugavuspartnerlus
Related terms S
FI harhautustarkoituksessa solmittu parisuhde
adoption ofconvenience
FR partenariat decomplaisance T
civil partnership ofconvenience
GA comhphirtocht ise
false declaration of parenthood
HU No translation
IT relazione stabile fittizia marriage ofconvenience U
LT fiktyvi partneryst
LV fiktvas partnerattiecbas V
MT Subija / Unjoni ta konvenjenza
NL schijnpartnerschap W
PL (fikcyjny) zwizek partnerski stworzony
wceluobejcia przepisw umoliwiajcych X
legalizacj pobytu
PT Y
RO parteneriat civil deconvenine
SK elov partnerstvo Z
SL navidezna zakonska zveza
SV skenpartnerskap
NO proformapartnerskap (b) / proformapartnarskap(n)
209
P BG
CS
DE
persecution

pronsledovn
Verfolgung
Definition
Human rights abuses orother serious harm, often, but not
always, with asystematic orrepetitive element.
EL
ES persecucin Source
ET tagakiusamine UNHCR Master Glossary ofTerms
FI vaino
FR perscution
Narrower terms
GA garleanint actofpersecution
HU ldz(tet)s
IT persecuzione
Convention grounds for persecution
LT persekiojimas
group persecution
LV vajana
well-founded fear of persecution
MT Persekuzzjoni
NL vervolging
PL przeladowanie Related term
serious harm
PT perseguio
RO persecuie
SK prenasledovanie Note
SL preganjanje The core concept ofpersecution was deliberately not defined
SV frfljelse inthe Geneva Convention of1951, suggesting that the drafters
NO forflgelse (b) / forflging(n) intended itto beinterpreted inasufficiently flexible manner
soas toencompass ever-changing forms ofpersecution.
210
A
B
BG , Definition
A third-country national orastateless person who does not qual- C
CS osoba, kter mnrok nadoplkovou ochranu ify asarefugee but inrespect ofwhom substantial grounds have
DE Person mit Anspruch auf subsidiren Schutz been shown for believing that the person concerned, ifreturned D
EL totheir country oforigin, orin the case ofastateless person,
ES persona con derecho aproteccin subsidiaria totheir country offormer habitual residence, would faceareal risk E
ET tiendava kaitse saamise nuetele vastav isik ofsuffering serious harm asdefined inArt.15ofDirective
FI henkil, joka voi saada toissijaista suojelua F
2011/95/EC, and towhom Art.17(1) and (2) ofsaid Directive
FR personne pouvant bnficier
donot apply, and isunable, or, owing tosuch risk, unwilling toavail
delaprotectionsubsidiaire
themselves ofthe protection ofthat country. G
GA duine at i dteideal cosaint choimhdeach
HU kiegszt vdelemben rszestett szemly /
oltalmazott
Source H
Derived byEMN from Art.2(f) ofDirective 2011/95/EC (Recast
IT persona avente titolo abeneficiare della protezione
sussidiaria
Qualification Directive) I
LT papildom apsaug galintis gauti asmuo
LV persona, kura tiesga uzalternatvo statusu Broader term J
subsidiary protection status
MT Persuna eliibbli gal protezzjoni sussidjarja
NL persoon die voor subsidiaire bescherming K
inaanmerking komt Related terms
PL osoba kwalifikujca si doochrony uzupeniajcej L
PT pessoa elegvel para proteco subsidiria beneficiary ofinternational protection
(civil) war refugee
RO persoan eligibil pentru protecie subsidiar M
SK osoba oprvnen nadoplnkov ochranu relocation
SL oseba upraviena dosubsidiarne zaite N
SV person som uppfyller kraven fr att betecknas som
subsidirt skyddsbehvande O
NO person som har krav psubsidir beskyttelse (b) /
person som har krav psubsidirt vern(n)
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
211
P BG
CS
DE
person with a migratory background

osoba smigranm pozadm
Person mit Migrationshintergrund
Definition
A person who has:
(a) migrated into their present country ofresidence; and / or
EL (b) previously had adifferent nationality from their present
ES persona deorigen migratorio country ofresidence; and / or
ET rndetaustaga isik (c) atleast one oftheir parents previously entered their present
FI maahanmuuttajataustainen henkil country ofresidence asamigrant.
FR personne issue delimmigration
GA duine agabhfuil clra imirceach
Source
HU bevndorli httrrel rendelkez szemly
Derived byEMN from paragraphs 360-368inthe UNEconomic
IT persona con unbackground migratorio
Commission for Europe: Recommendations for the 2010
LT asmuo, kils imigrant eimos arba asmuo,
Censuses ofPopulation and Housing, 2010
gyvenantis nesavo kilms valstybje
LV persona armigrcijas pieredzi
MT Persuna bistorja ta migrazzjoni warajha Synonyms
person inamigratory context
NL Persoon met een migratieachtergrond
person ofmigrant origin
PL osoba zprzeszoci migracyjn
PT Pessoa com antecedentes migratrios
RO persoan cutrecut migraionist Narrower term
second-generation migrant
SK osoba smigrantskm pvodom
SL oseba zmigracijskim ozadjem
SV person med invandrarbakgrund Notes
NO person med innvandrerbakgrunn (b) / 1.This isabroad definition which aims toencompass all possi-
personmedinnvandrarbakgrunn(n) bilities for aperson who has undertaken amigration atsome
point and / or has parents who did so.
2.Point (a) can also include anational ofthe country ofresi-

dence who previously lived elsewhere and then returned totheir
country ofnationality.
212
A
population stock
B
BG Definition
CS obyvatelstvo - stav k; poet obyvatel - stav k The inhabitants ofagiven area onacertain date (e.g. 1January C
DE Bevlkerungs(be)stand or31December) ofthe year inquestion.
EL D
ES stock depoblacin Source
ET rahvaarv kindlal territooriumil, teatud aja seisuga Derived byEMN from the definition oftotal population inthe E
FI vestkanta Eurostat Glossary onDemographic Statistics
FR stock depopulation F
GA stoc daonra
Narrower term
HU adott vjanur 1-jn tartzkod npessg
IT stock dipopolazione
migrant stock G
LT gyventoj skaiius
LV iedzvotju skaits 1.janvr
Related terms H
MT Rendikont tal-popolazzjoni
NL stand van debevolking (NL syn.: omvang
migration flow I
net migration
vandebevolking)
PL populacja wdanym momencie stock offoreigners J
total migration
PT
RO stoc depopulaie usually resident population K
SK poet obyvateov
SL tevilo prebivalstva /zaloga prebivalstva Note L
SV folkmngd The population isbased either ondata from the most recent
NO folketall (b) / folketal(n) census, adjusted bythe components ofpopulation change pro- M
duced since the last census, oron population registers.
N
positive discrimination O
BG Definition
P
CS pozitivn diskriminace A policy oraprogramme providing advantages for certain
DE positive Diskriminierung groups ofpeople who are seen tohave traditionally been dis-
Q
EL criminated against, with the aim ofcreating amore egalitarian
ES discriminacin positiva society. This consists ofpreferential access toeducation, R
ET eeliskohtlemine employment, healthcare orsocial welfare.
FI positiivinen syrjint S
FR discrimination positive
Source
GA idirdheal dearfach
Derived byEMN from the FRA (EUMC) Open Glossary (no longer T
HU pozitv diszkriminci
available online)
IT discriminazione positiva U
LT pozityvioji diskriminacija
LV pozitva diskrimincija
Synonyms
MT Diskriminazzjoni poittiva
affirmative action V
positive action
NL positieve discriminatie
PL dyskryminacja pozytywna
W
PT discriminao positiva Related term
RO discriminare pozitiv principle ofequal treatment X
SK pozitvna diskrimincia
SL pozitivna diskriminacija Y
SV positiv srbehandling
NO positiv diskriminering Z
213
P BG
CS
DE
posted worker

vyslan pracovnk
entsandter Arbeitnehmer
Definition
A worker who, for alimited period, carries out his work inthe
territory ofaMember State other than the State inwhich they
EL normally work.
ES trabajador desplazado
ET lhetatud ttaja Source
FI lhetetty tyntekij Art.2(1) ofDirective 96/71/EC (Posting ofWorkers Directive)
FR travailleur dtach
GA oibr arphost
Note
HU kihelyezett dolgoz
A posted worker isalso one ofthe forms oftrade inservices
IT lavoratore distaccato
mode4 according tothe General Agreement onTrade in
LT komandiruotas darbuotojas
Services (GATS).
LV darba mjs, kas norkots darb cit dalbvalst
MT addiem stazzjonat / ippostjat
NL ter beschikking gestelde werknemer
PL pracownik oddelegowany
PT trabalhador destacado
RO lucrtor detaat
SK vyslan pracovnk
SL napoteni delavec
SV utstationerad arbetstagare
NO utsatt effektuering / iverksettelse (b) /
utsett effektuering / iverksetjing (n)
214
A
postponement of removal
B
BG Definition
CS odklad vyhotn (Tempoary) suspension ofremoval ofathird-country national C
DE einstweilige Aussetzung der Abschiebung (EU acquis), who has received areturn decision but whose removal isnot
vorbergehende Aussetzung der Abschiebung, possible either for humanitarian reasons (as their removal would D
Duldung (AT, DE) Aufschub der Abschiebung (LU) violate the principle ofnon-refoulement ordue tothe
EL third-country nationals physical state ormental capacity) orfor E
ES aplazamiento de la expulsin technical reasons (such aslack oftransport capacity orfailure
ET vljasaatmise edasilkkamine F
ofthe removal due tolack ofidentification orthe country ofori-
FI maastapoistamisen lykkminen
gins refusal toaccept the person) and for aslong asasuspen-
FR report delloignement
sory effect isgranted inaccordance with Art.13(2) ofDirective G
GA an t-aistri achur siar
2008/115/EC.
HU befogadottknti tartzkods
IT rinvio dell'allontanamento
H
LT isiuntimo vykdymo sustabdymas
Source
LV izraidanas atlikana Derived byEMN from Art.9ofDirective 2008/115/EC (Return I
MT Posponiment ta' tneija Directive)
NL uitstel van verwijdering J
PL wstrzymanie wydalenia Synonyms
PT adiamento do afastamento suspension ofremoval K
tolerated stay
RO amnarea ndeprtrii
SK odklad odsunu (EU acquis) / L
tolerovanpobyt(national law) Notes
SL dovolitev zadrevanja / odloitev vraanja 1.Tolerated stay status isgranted inanumber ofMember M
SV uppskov med avlgsnande States with differing definitions and regulated bydifferent legal
NO utsatt uttransportering (b) / instruments. The toleration isonly asuspension ofremoval. N
utsett uttransportering (n)
2.Inseveral Member States, the term tolerated stay isnot for-
mally used anymore and has been replaced bypostponment
O
ofremoval after the transposition ofDirective 2008/115/EC.
P
3.For more information, see EMN: Alternatives toDetention,
2014.
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
215
P BG
CS
DE
Prague Process

Prask proces
Prager Prozess
Definition
A process tostrengthen cooperation inmigration management
between the EUand 19partner countries tothe East (the
EL Western Balkans, Eastern Europe, Turkey, Russia, Central Asia
ES Proceso dePraga and Southern Caucasus).
ET Praha protsess
FI Prahan prosessi Source
FR Processus dePrague
Joint Declaration from Prague Ministerial Conference
GA Priseas Phrg
HU Prgai Folyamat
Synonym
IT Processo diPraga
Prague Process Building Migration Partnerships
LT Prahos procesas
LV Prgas process
MT Proess (Il-) ta Praga
Related term
NL Praag-proces
PL Proces Praski
PT Processo dePraga Notes
RO Procesul Praga 1.This process follows aministerial conference inPrague inApril
SK Prask proces 2009, atthe initiative ofthe CZ inconjunction with HU, SK, PL
SL Praki proces and RO.
SV Pragprocessen
NO Praha-prosessen 2.Its activities extend across five areas: (1) combating irregular
migration, (2) readmission, voluntary return and reintegration,
(3) legal immigration, (4) integration, and (5) migration and
development. The process takes acomprehensive, balanced,
pragmatic and operational approach, respecting the rights and
human dignity ofmigrants and their family members, aswell
asof refugees.
3.For more information, see: http://www.pragueprocess.eu/

216
A
presumed victim of trafficking in human beings
B
BG Definition
CS pravdpodobn obti obchodovn slidmi A person who has met the criteria ofEU regulations and interna- C
DE vermutetes Opfer von Menschenhandel tional Conventions but has not been formally identified bythe
EL relevant authorities (e.g. police) asatrafficking victim orhas D
ES presunta victima detrata deseres humanos declined tobe formally orlegally identified astrafficked.
ET eeldatav inimkaubanduse ohver E
FI oletettu ihmiskaupan uhri Source
FR victime prsume dela traite des tres humains F
Derived byEMN from Eurostat: Trafficking inhuman being, 2013
GA duine ardcha gur ospartach ginnela /
HU emberkereskedelem felttelezett ldozata
IT vittima presunta ditratta diesseri umani
Related terms G
identifiedvictim of trafficking in humanbeings
LT asmuo, galjs nukentti nuo prekybos monmis
LV persona, kuru uzskata par cilvku tirdzniecbas upuri
trafficking in human beings H
vulnerable person
MT Preumibbilment vittma fit-traffikar tal-persuni
NL verondersteld slachtoffer van mensenhandel I
PL domniemana ofiara handlu ludmi Note
PT If aperson ispresumed tobe avictim oftrafficking inhuman J
RO presupuse victime ale traficului defiine umane beings, this does not rule out the possibility that the persons
SK pravdepodobn obe obchodovania sumi / status will later beassessed otherwise (i.e. not identified / con- K
formlne neidentifikovan obe obchodovania firmed asavictim).
sumi L
SL domnevna rtev trgovine zljudmi
SV frmodat offer fr mnniskohandel M
NO antatt offer for menneskehandel
N
prima facie refugee O
P
CS no translation Person recognised asarefugee, byaState orUNHCR, onthe
DE Prima-Facie Flchtling basis ofobjective criteria related tothe circumstances intheir
Q
EL country oforigin, which justify apresumption that they meet
ES refugiado (prima facie) the criteria ofthe applicable refugee definition. R
ET prima facie pagulane
FI prima facie -pakolainen Source S
FR rfugi prima facie
GA ddeana prima facie T
HU prima facie elismert meneklt
Broader term
IT rifugiato prima facie U
refugee
LT prima facie pabglis
LV prima facie bglis
MT Rifujat(a) prima facie
Related terms V
group determination ofrefugee status
NL prima facie vluchteling
PL uchodca prima facie
group persecution W
PT refugiados prima facie
RO refugiat prima facie Note X
SK uteenec prima facie This term refers toamore theoretical concept and isoften not
SL prima facie begunec applied. Y
SV prima facie-flykting
NO prima facie-flyktning Z
217
P BG
CS
DE
principle of equal treatment

princip rovnho zachzen
Gleichbehandlungsgrundsatz
Definition
The principle that there shall beno direct orindirect discrimi-
nation based onracial orethnic origin, sex, religion orbelief,
EL disability, age orsexual orientation.
ES principio deigualdad detrato
ET vrdse kohtlemise phimte Source
FI yhtlisen kohtelun periaate Derived byEMN from Art.2ofCouncil Directive 2000/43/EC
FR principe dgalit detraitement
(Racial Equality Directive) and Art.13ofthe Treaty ofAmsterdam
GA an prionsabal um chir chomhionann
HU egyenl bnsmd (elve)
Synonym
IT principio diparit ditrattamento
equal opportunities
LT vienodo poirio principas
LV vienldzgas attieksmes princips
MT Prinipju (Il-) ta trattament ugwali
Narrower terms
direct discrimination
NL beginsel van gelijke behandeling
indirect discrimination
PL zasada rwnego traktowania
PT igualdade detratamento
RO principiul tratamentului egal Related terms
positive discrimination
SK zsada rovnakho zaobchdzania /
victimisation
princprovnakhozaobchdzania
SL naelo enakega obravnavanja
SV principen omlikabehandling Notes
NO prinsippet omlikebehandling 1.This isan important right conferred byEU citizenship. The
Treaty ofAmsterdam added anew Art.13tothe Treaty, reinforc-
ing the principle ofnon-discrimination. Under this article, the
Council has the power totake appropriate action tocombat dis-
crimination based onsex, racial orethnic origin, religion orbelief,
disability, age orsexual orientation.
2.The term equal treatment has adistinct use / meaning when

used inthe context ofbilateral social security agreements
between EUMember States asper Regulation 465/2013 on the
coordination of social security systems.
3.For more information see EMN: Migrant Access toSocial

Security and Healthcare policy and practice, 2014.
218
A
procedural guarantees
B
BG Definition
CS procesn zruky In the EUasylum context, special guarantees addressing the legal C
DE Verfahrensgarantien rights ofapplicants for international protection asoutlined
EL inChapter IIof Directive 2013/32/EC (Recast Asylum Procedures D
ES garantas procedimentales Directive) and Art.6ofthe European Convention ofHuman
ET menetlustagatised Rights. E
FI menettelylliset takeet
FR garanties procdurales F
Source
GA rthaochta ns imeachta
Chapter IIof Directive 2013/32/EC (Recast Asylum Procedures
HU eljrsi garancik
IT garanzie procedurali
Directive) and Art.6ofthe European Convention ofHuman Rights G
LT procedrins garantijos
LV procesuls garantijas
Note H
These guarantees comprise the following rights ofapplicants for
MT Garanziji proedurali
NL procedurele waarborgen international protection: access tothe procedure; right toremain I
PL gwarancje proceduralne inthe Member State pending the examination ofthe applica-
PT tion for international protection; information ontheir rights J
RO and obligations inalanguage they understand; acess tointer-
SK procesn zruky / procedurlne zruky preters; the opportunity tocommunicate with UNHCR orwith any K
SL postopkovna jamstva other organisation providing legal advice orother counselling;
SV frfarandegarantier notice inreasonable time ofthe decision bythe determining L
NO saksbehandlingsgaranti (b) / authority ontheir application; apersonal interview, and free
sakshandsamingsgaranti(n) legal assistance and representation granted onrequest inthe M
appeals procedures (including the preparation ofthe required
procedural documents and participation inthe hearing before N
acourt ortribunal offirst instance onbehalf ofthe applicant.
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
219
P BG
CS
DE
protection

ochrana
Schutz
Definition
A concept that encompasses all activities aimed atobtaining full
respect for the rights ofthe individual inaccordance with the
EL letter and spirit ofhuman rights, refugee and international
ES proteccin humanitarian law.
ET kaitse
FI suojelu Source
FR protection
GA cosaint
HU vdelem
Narrower terms
IT protezione
actor of protection
LT apsauga
LV aizsardzba
MT Protezzjoni / arsien
regional protection programme
NL bescherming
PL ochrona
PT proteco
RO protecie Related term
asylum
SK ochrana
SL zaita
SV skydd Note
NO beskyttelse (b) / vern(n) Protection involves creating anenvironment conducive torespect
for human beings, preventing and / or alleviating the immediate
effects ofaspecific pattern ofabuse, and restoring dignified con-
ditions oflife through reparation, restitution and rehabilitation.
pull factor
BG Definition
CS pull faktor The condition(s) orcircumstance(s) that attract amigrant
DE Pull-Faktor toanother country.
EL
ES factor deatraccin Source
ET tmbefaktor Derived byEMN from IOM Glossary onMigration, 2nd ed., 2011
FI vetotekij
FR facteur dattraction Broader term
GA toisc tharraingthe
push-pull factor
HU hz tnyez / vonz tnyez / pull-faktor
IT fattore diattrazione
Related term
LT traukos veiksnys
push factor
LV pievilkanas faktors
MT Fattur tattrazzjoni / ta ibda
NL pull factor
Note
As recognised bythe project European Reintegration Networking,
PL czynnik przycigajcy
PT factor deatraco / pull factor this can befor aspecific oravariety ofreasons, e.g. expanding
RO factor deatragere / pull factor economic opportunities and potential for advancement inthe
SK stimulan faktor / pull faktor country ofdestination.
SL dejavnik privabljanja
SV pull-faktor
NO trekkfaktor
220
A
push factor
B
BG Definition
CS push faktor The condition(s) orcircumstance(s) inacountry oforigin that C
DE Push-Faktor impel orstimulate emigration.
EL / D
ES factor deexpulsin Source
ET tukefaktor Derived byEMN from IOM Glossary onMigration, 2nd ed., 2011 E
FI tynttekij
FR facteur derpulsion F
Broader term
GA toisc bhr push-pull factor
HU taszt tnyez / push faktor
IT fattore dispinta
G
Related term
LT stmimo veiksnys
LV atgranas faktors
pull factor H
MT Fattur ta ripulsjoni / ta tbarrija
NL push factor Note I
PL czynik wypychajcy As recognised bythe project European Reintegration Networking,
PT factor deafastamento/ push factor this can befor aspecific oravariety ofreasons, e.g. declining J
RO push factor economic opportunities orpolitical instability may stimulate
SK ntiaci faktor / push faktor emigration. K
SL dejavnik spodbujanja
SV push-faktor L
NO skyvfaktor (b) / skuvfaktor(n)
M
N
push-pull factor O
BG Definition
P
CS push-pull faktor Factors which initiate and influence the decision tomigrate,
DE Push-Pull-Faktor either byattracting them toanother country (pull factors) orby
Q
EL / - impelling orstimulating emigration (push factors).
R
ES factores deexpulsin / atraccin Source
ET tuke-tmbefaktor Developed byEMN S
FI tynt- javetotekij
FR facteur dattraction-rpulsion Narrower terms T
GA toisc bhr istarraingthe pull factor
HU taszt-vonz tnyez / push-pull factor push factor U
IT fattore dispinta-attrazione
LT stmimo-traukos veiksnys V
LV atgranas-pievilkanas faktors / motivtjfaktors
MT Fattur ta ripulsjoni-attrazzjoni / ta ibda-tbarrija
NL push-pull factor
W
PL czynnik wypychajcy iprzycigajcy
PT factor deafastamento / factor deatraco X
RO push-pull factor
SK motivan faktor / push-pull faktor Y
SL dejavnik spodbujanja inprivabljanja
SV push-pull faktor Z
NO skyv-trekk-faktor (b) / skuv-trekk-faktor(n)
221
Q BG
CS
DE
quota

kvta
Quote
Definition
A quantitative restriction inthe migration orasylum context.
R
EL / / Source
ES cuota IOM Glossary onMigration, 2nd ed., 2011
ET piirarv
FI kiinti Narrower term
FR quota immigration quota
GA cuta
HU kvta
Related term
IT quota
managed migration
LT kvota
LV kvota
MT Kwota
Note
NL quotum Many countries establish quotas, orcaps, onthe number
PL kwota ofmigrants tobe admitted each year.
PT quota
RO cot
SK kvta
SL kvota
SV kvot
NO kvote
222
R
BG
CS
DE
racial discrimination

rasov diskriminace
rassistische Diskriminierung / Rassendiskriminierung
Definition
Any distinction, exclusion, restriction orpreference based onrace,
colour, descent, ornational orethnic origin which has the pur-
A
B
C
EL pose oreffect ofnullifying orimpairing the recognition, enjoy- D
ES discriminacin racial ment orexercise, onan equal footing, ofhuman rights and
ET rassiline diskrimineerimine fundamental freedoms inthe political, economic, social, cultural E
FI rotusyrjint orany other field ofpublic life.
FR discrimination raciale F
GA idirdheal cinoch
Source
HU faji diszkriminci
IT discriminazione razziale
Art.1(1) ofUN Convention onthe Elimination ofAll Forms G
ofRacial Discrimination
LT rasin diskriminacija
LV rasu diskrimincija
H
MT Diskriminazzjoni razzjali
Broader term
NL rassendiscriminatie
discrimination I
PL dyskryminacja rasowa
PT discriminao racial Related terms J
racism
RO discriminare rasial
SK rasov diskrimincia xenophobia K
SL rasna diskriminacija
SV rasdiskriminering Notes L
NO rasediskriminering 1.The Convention does not define race but itdoes define racial
discrimination. M
2.Distinctions made onthe basis ofcitizenship (that is, between N
citizens and non-citizens) are specifically excluded from the defi-
nition, asare affirmative action policies and other measures
taken toredress imbalances and promote equality.
O
3.Some institutions such asUNHCR and EASO use the term dis-
P
crimination with the same definition.
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
223
racism
BG Notes
CS rasismus 1.Racism can bedefined inmany ways. Abroad, general defini-
DE Rassismus tion isused here inorder tohave acommon understanding
EL ofthe concept. However, there isaproblem inthat the term rac-
ES racismo ism presupposes the existence ofdifferent races. Recital (6)
ET rassism ofDirective 2000/43/EC states that The European Union rejects
FI rasismi theories which attempt todetermine the existence ofseparate
FR racisme
human races.
GA cinochas
HU rasszizmus/ fajgyllet
2.According tothe EUacquis, and specifically Art.1ofFrame-
IT razzismo
work Decision 2008/913/JHA, offences concerning racism and
LT rasizmas
xenophobia are considered tobe:
LV rasisms
MT Razzimu
NL racisme (a) publicly inciting toviolence orhatred directed against
PL rasizm agroup ofpersons oramember ofsuch agroup defined
PT Racismo byreference torace, colour, religion, descent ornational
RO rasism orethnic origin;
SK rasizmus
SL rasizem (b) the commission ofan act referred toin point (a) bypublic
SV rasism dissemination ordistribution oftracts, pictures orother
NO rasisme material;
(c) publicly condoning, denying orgrossly trivialising crimes

Definition of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes
Ideas ortheories ofsuperiority ofone race orgroup ofpersons asdefined inArticles 6, 7and 8ofthe Statute ofthe Interna-
ofone colour orethnic origin. tional Criminal Court, directed against agroup ofpersons
oramember ofsuch agroup defined byreference torace,
Source colour, religion, descent ornational orethnic origin when the
Art.4ofUN Convention onthe Elimination ofAll Forms ofRacial conduct iscarried out inamanner likely toincite violence
Discrimination orhatred against such agroup oramember ofsuch agroup;
Related terms (d) publicly condoning, denying orgrossly trivialising the

racial
discrimination crimes defined inArt.6ofthe Charter ofthe International
xenophobia Military Tribunal appended tothe London Agreement
of8August 1945, directed against agroup ofpersons
colour, religion, descent ornational orethnic origin when the

conduct iscarried out inamanner likely toincite violence
orhatred against such agroup oramember ofsuch agroup.
3.The Council ofEurope provides further insight into the under-

standing ofthis term at:http://www.eycb.coe.int/compass/en/
chapter_5/5_4.html
224
A
Rapid Border Intervention Team
B
BG Definition
CS pohranin jednotka rychl reakce A mechanism providing rapid operational assistance for alimited C
DE Soforteinsatzteam fr Grenzsicherungszwecke period toarequesting Member State facing asituation ofurgent
EL and exceptional pressure atpoints ofthe external EUborders D
ES equipos deintervencin rpida enfrontera from large numbers ofthird-country nationals trying toenter
ET piirivalve kiirreageerimisrhm the territory ofthe Member State illegally. E
FI rajavalvonnan nopean toiminnan joukot (RABIT)
FR quipes dintervention rapide aux frontires F
Source
GA Foireann Mhear-idirghabhla Teorainneacha
Art.1(1) ofCouncil Regulation (EC) No863/2007 (Rapid Border
HU Gyorsreagls Hatrvdelmi Csapatok
IT Squadre dirapido intervento alle frontiere (RABIT)
Intervention Teams Regulation) G
LT Pasienio greitojo reagavimo komanda
LV trs reaanas robeapsardzes vienba
Synonym H
RABIT
MT Timijiet tIntervent Rapidu mal-Fruntieri (RABIT)
NL snelle-grensinterventieteams I
PL Zesp Szybkiego Reagowania naGranicy (RABIT) Related term
PT Equipas deInterveno Rpida nas Fronteiras European Agency for the Management J
RO Echipe deintervenie rapid lafrontier (RABIT) ofOperational Cooperation atthe External
SK rchle pohranin zsahov tmy / RABIT Borders ofthe Member States K
SL Skupina zahitro posredovanje namejah oftheEuropeanUnion
SV snabba grnsinsatsenheter L
NO beredskapsgruppe for grensekontroll (RABIT)
M
N
readmission agreement
O
BG Definition
CS readmisn dohoda An agreement between the EUand / or aMember State with
P
DE Rckbernahmeabkommen athird country, onthe basis ofreciprocity, establishing rapid and
EL effective procedures for the identification and safe and orderly
Q
ES acuerdo dereadmisin
ET tagasivtuleping
return ofpersons who donot, orno longer, fulfil the conditions for
entry to, presence in, orresidence inthe territories ofthe third R
FI takaisinottosopimus country orone ofthe Member States ofthe European Union, and
FR accord deradmission
tofacilitate the transit ofsuch persons inaspirit ofcooperation. S
GA comhaont umathghlactha isteach
HU visszafogadsi egyezmny
Source T
IT accordo diriammissione
Preamble toEU Readmission Agreements (e.g. EUReadmission
LT readmisijos susitarimas U
Agreement with Serbia)
LV atpakauzemanas nolgums
MT Ftehim ta dul mill-did / ta riammissjoni
NL terugnameovereenkomst Related terms V
return
PL umowa readmisyjna
PT acordo dereadmisso mobility partnership W
RO acord dereadmisie
SK readmisn dohoda Notes X
SL sporazum ovraanju oseb 1.Re-admission agreements concluded between the EUand
SV tertagandeavtal athird country supersede those ofany Member State with the Y
NO returavtale same country, although this might not bethe case for DKand
possibly IEand UKas these Member States can choose not Z
toparticipate in(opt-in to) the relevant EUagreement.
2.For more information, see: http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-
affairs/what-we-do/policies/immigration/return-readmission/
index_en.htm
225
R BG
CS
DE
real risk of suffering serious harm

reln riziko vn jmy
tatschliche Gefahr, einen ernsthaften Schaden
Definition
Risk ofserious harm experienced byan applicant for interna-
tional protection which isconsidered tobe both real and likely
zuerleiden tooccur.
EL
ES riesgo real desufrir daos graves Source
ET reaalne risk tsise ohu tekkimiseks Developed byEMN
FI todellinen vaara joutua krsimn vakavaa haittaa
FR risque rel desubir des atteintes graves
Broader term
GA baol iarbhr dobhil thromchiseach a fhulaingt
serious harm
HU slyos srelem elszenvedsnek tnyleges veszlye
IT rischio effettivo disubire ungrave danno
LT realus pavojus patirti didel al
Related terms
LV rels risks ciest smagu kaitjumu
well-founded fear ofpersecution
MT Riskju reali / veru liarrab dannu(-i) serju(-i)
NL reel risico ophet lijden van ernstige schade
PL rzeczywiste ryzyko doznania powanej krzywdy Notes
PT 1.The likelihood ofan applicant for international protection suf-
RO risc real devtmare fizic grav fering serious harm isassessed inorder toprovide astandard
SK relne riziko utrpenia vneho bezprvia / ofproof for assessing eligibility for subsidiary protection.
relneriziko vneho bezprvia According toArt.4(4) ofthe Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast
SL utemeljeno tveganje resne kode Qualification Directive) onthe assessment offacts and cir-
SV verklig risk fr att lida allvarlig skada cumstances, earlier serious harm ordirect threats are appraised
NO reell fare for alvorlig skade (b) / asaserious indication ofthe applicants real risk ofsuffering
reellfareforalvorlegskade(n) serious harm, unless there are good reasons toconsider that
such persecution orserious harm will not berepeated.
2.The European Court ofHuman Rights has ruled inahigh num-

ber ofdifferent cases that there isaviolation ofArt.3ofthe
European Convention onHuman Rights (ECHR) if substantial
grounds have been shown for believing that the person con-
cerned, ifdeported, faces areal risk ofbeing subjected totreat-
ment contrary toArt.3ECHR. Inlight ofthe Courts consequent
jurisprudence, this standard means that: (a) there isno need for
the risk tobe very high (no certainty orsignificant probability
requirement); (b) atthe same time the risk cannot beamere
possibility (a distant, vague ortheoretical alternative).
226
A
reception centre
B
BG Definition
CS pijmac stedisko A location with facilities for receiving, processing and attending C
DE Aufnahmeeinrichtung tothe immediate needs ofrefugees orasylum seekers asthey
EL arrive inacountry ofasylum. D
ES centro deacogida
ET vastuvtukeskus Source E
FI vastaanottokeskus UNHCR Master Glossary ofTerms
FR centre daccueil (pour demandeurs dasile) F
GA ionad filtithe
Broader term
HU befogad lloms
IT centro diaccoglienza per richiedenti asilo
reception facilities G
LT primimo centras
LV uzemanas centrs
Related term H
accommodation centre
MT entru ta akkoljenza (gal min jitlob l-ail)
NL asielzoekerscentrum I
PL orodek recepcyjny Note
PT centro deacolhimento For more information oncategories ofreception centres available J
RO centru decazare iproceduri inEU Member States, see EMN: the Organisation ofReception
SK prijmacie zariadenie (EU acquis) / Facilities for Asylum Seekers indifferent Member States, 2013. K
zchytntbor(national law)
SL nastanitveni center / sprejemni center L
SV mottagning
NO transittmottak M
N
reception conditions O
BG Definition
P
CS podmnky pijet The full set ofmeasures that Member States grant toapplicants
DE Aufnahmebedingungen, imRahmen der for international protection.
Q
Aufnahmebedingungen gewhrte Vorteile
EL Source R
ES condiciones deacogida Art.2(f) ofDirective 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception Conditions
ET vastuvtutingimused Directive) S
FI vastaanotto-olosuhteet
FR conditions daccueil
Narrower term T
GA dla mpl glactha
material reception conditions
HU befogadsi felttelek U
IT condizioni diaccoglienza
LT primimo slygos
Note
LV uzemanas nosacjumi
For more information onreception conditions inthe EU, see V
MT Kondizzjonijiet tal-akkoljenza EMN: the Organisation ofReception Facilities for Asylum
NL opvangvoorzieningen Seekers indifferent Member States, 2013. W
PL warunki przyjmowania
PT condies deacolhimento X
RO condiii derecepie
SK prijmacie podmienky (EU acquis) / Y
podmienkyprijmania (national law)
SL sprejemni pogoji Z
SV mottagningsvillkor
NO mottaksforhold (b) / mottakstilhve(n)
227
R BG
CS
DE
reception facilities

pijmac zazen
Aufnahmeeinrichtungen
Definition
All forms ofpremises used for the housing ofapplicants for
international protection and other categories ofmigrants and
EL refugees.
ES centros deacogida
ET vastuvtu majutusasutused Source
FI vastaanoton majoitusmuodot Developed byEMN
FR structures daccueil
GA iseanna filtithe
Narrower terms
HU befogad ltestmnyek
accommodation centre
IT struttura diaccoglienza
reception centre
LT primimo centrai
LV uzemanas telpas
MT Failitajiet ta akkoljenza
Note
NL opvangfaciliteiten For more information oncategories ofreception facilties availa-
PL orodki przyjmowania ble inEU Member States, see EMN: the Organisation ofRecep-
PT tion Facilities for Asylum Seekers indifferent Member States,
RO spaii decazare asolicitanilor deazil 2013.
SK azylov zariadenia
SL sprejemni prostori
SV anlggningsboende
NO asylmottak
recognition of foreign qualifications

BG
Definition
CS uznvn zahraninch kvalifikac
A formal acknowledgement byacompetent authority ofthe
DE Anerkennung auslndischer Qualifikationen
validity ofaforeign qualification with aview toaccess toeduca-
EL
tional and / or employment activities.
ES reconocimiento decualificaciones obtenidas
enelextranjero
ET vlisriigi kutsekvalifikatsiooni tunnustamine
Source
Derived byEMN from the definition ofrecognition inArt.1ofthe
FI ulkomaisten tutkintojen vastaavuuden tunnustaminen
FR reconnaissance des qualifications acquises Council ofEurope Convention onthe Recognition ofQualifications
ltranger concerning Higher Education inthe European Region
GA aithint cilochta iasachta

HU klfldi kpestsek elfogadsa
IT riconoscimento della qualifica estera
LT usienyje gyt kvalifikacij pripainimas
LV rvalsts iegtu kvalifikciju atzana
MT Rikonoxximent ta kwalifiki barranin
NL erkenning van buitenlandse getuigschriften
PL uznanie kwalifikacji (zawodowych) cudzoziemca
PT
RO recunoaterea calificrilor din strintate
SK uznvanie odbornch kvalifikci zozahraniia /
uznvanie dokladov ovzdelan zozahraniia
SL priznavanje tujih kvalifikacij
SV erknnande avutlndska kvalifikationer
NO godkjenning avutenlandske kvalifikasjoner (b) /
godkjenning avutanlandske kvalifikasjonar(n)
228
A
refoulement
B
BG refoulement / Definition
CS vyhotn anavracen The return byaState, inany manner whatsoever, ofan individ- C
DE Ausweisung und Zurckweisung eines Flchtlings ual tothe territory ofanother state inwhich they may beperse-
EL cuted for reasons ofrace, religion, nationality, membership D
ES refoulement ofaparticular social group orpolitical opinion orwould run the
ET tagasisaatmine risk oftorture. E
FI palauttaminen
FR refoulement F
Source
GA refoulement
HU refoulement (visszaklds)
IT refoulement
G
Related terms
LT grinimas
LV izraidana
compulsory return H
non-refoulement
MT Refoulement / Ritorn imiegel jew sfurzat
NL uitwijzing I
PL wydalenie Note
PT refoulement Refoulement includes any action having the effect ofreturning J
RO refoulement / returnare the individual toaState, including expulsion, deportation, extra-
SK vyhostenie / vrtenie dition, rejection atthe frontier, extra-territorial interception and K
SL vraanje physical return.
SV refoulement (avvisning / utvisning) L
NO utsendelse (b) / utsending(n)
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
229
R BG
CS
DE
refugee

uprchlk
Flchtling
Definition
In the global context, either aperson who, owing toawell-
founded fear ofpersecution for reasons ofrace, religion,
EL nationality, political opinion ormembership ofaparticular social
ES refugiado group, isoutside the country ofnationality and isunable or,
ET pagulane owing tosuch fear, isunwilling toavail themselves ofthe pro-
FI pakolainen tection ofthat country, orastateless person, who, being out-
FR rfugi
side ofthe country offormer habitual residence for the same
GA ddeana
reasons asmentioned before, isunable or, owing tosuch fear,
HU meneklt
unwilling toreturn toit.
IT rifugiato
In the EUcontext, either athird-country national who, owing
LT pabglis
toawell-founded fear ofpersecution for reasons ofrace, reli-
LV bglis
gion, nationality, political opinion ormembership ofaparticular
MT Rifujat(a)
NL vluchteling social group, isoutside the country ofnationality and isunable
PL uchodca or, owing tosuch fear, isunwilling toavail themselves ofthe
PT refugiado protection ofthat country, orastateless person, who, being
RO refugiat outside ofthe country offormer habitual residence for the same
SK uteenec (international law, EUacquis) / reasons asmentioned above, isunable or, owing tosuch fear,
azylant(national law) unwilling toreturn toit, and towhom Art.12 (Exclusion)
SL begunec ofDirective 2011/95/EU does not apply.
SV flykting
NO flyktning Source
Global context: Art.1A ofthe Geneva Convention of1951
EU context: Art.2(d) ofDirective 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification
Directive)
Broader term
forced migrant
Narrower terms
Convention refugee
prima facie refugee
resettled refugee
Related terms
asylum seeker
displaced person
Note
Whereas the exclusion clauses are anintegral part ofthe refu-
gee definition ofDirective 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification
Directive), the Geneva Convention of1951refers tothe exclu-
sion clauses inits Articles 1D, 1E and 1F (see also the definition
ofexclusion clause).
230
A
refugee in orbit
B
CS refugee inorbit A refugee who, although not returned directly toacountry C
DE no usual translation where they may bepersecuted, isdenied asylum orunable
EL tofind aState willing toexamine their request, and are shuttled D
ES refugiados enrbita from one country toanother inaconstant search for asylum.
ET ringlev pagulane / no usual translation E
FI kiertv pakolainen Source
FR rfugi enorbite F
GA ddeana agfithisi
HU we donot make use ofthis expression
IT rifugiato vagante
Related terms G
de facto refugee
LT pabglis orbitoje
LV riojos bglis
postponement ofremoval H
MT Rifujat(a) forbita / flimbu
NL vluchteling inorbit I
PL uchodca naorbicie / refugee inorbit
PT requerentes deasilo emorbita J
RO refugiat peorbit
SK uteenec vpohybe / refugee inorbit K
SL refugee inorbit / tavajoi begunec
NO videresendt flyktning (b) / vidaresend flyktning(n)
M
N
refugee in transit O
P
CS no translation A refugee who istemporarily admitted inthe territory ofaState
DE no usual translation under the condition that they are resettled elsewhere.
Q
EL
ES refugiado entrnsito Source R
ET transiidipagulane (no usual translation) UNHCR International Thesaurus ofRefugee Terminology
FI kauttakulkupakolainen S
FR rfugi entransit
Related terms
GA ddeana idirthurais resettledrefugee T
resettlement
IT rifugiato intransito U
LT tranzitinis pabglis
LV tranztbglis
Notes
MT Rifujat(a) fitranitu
1.This term iscurrently little used inthe EU. V
NL vluchteling intransit
PL uchodca wtranzycie 2.The term should not beconfused with refugees who stay W
PT refugiados emtrnsito inthe transit area ofan airport.
RO refugiai admii nvederea relocrii (used when X
refering torefugees inEmergency Transit Centre
inTimioara) Y
SK uteenec vtranzite / tranzitujci uteenec
SL begunec vtranzitu Z
SV no translation
NO flyktning itransitt
231
R BG
CS
DE
refugee law

uprchlick prvo
Flchtlingsrecht
Definition
The body ofcustomary international and EUlaw and instru-
ments that establish standards for refugee protection. The cor-
EL nerstone ofrefugee law isthe Geneva Convention of1951and
ES legislacin deasilo its Protocol of1967.
ET varjupaigaigus
FI pakolaisoikeus Source
FR droit des rfugis
Derived byEMN from UNHCR Master Glossary ofTerms
GA dlthe umdhdeanaithe
HU menekltjog
Synonym
IT legislazione sullasilo
international refugee law
LT pabgli teis
LV [starptautisks] bgu tiesbas
MT Lii / Att dwar ir-rifujati
Related term
human rights law
NL vluchtelingenrecht
PL prawo uchodcze
PT legislao deasilo
RO legislaia cuprivire larefugiai
SK uteeneck prvo
SL begunsko pravo
SV flyktingrtt
NO flyktningrett
refugee status
BG Definition
CS postaven uprchlka The recognition byaMember State ofathird-country national
DE Flchtlingsstatus orstateless person asarefugee.
EL
ES estatuto derefugiado Source
ET pagulasseisund Art.2(e) ofDirective 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive)
FI pakolaisasema
FR statut derfugi
Broader term
GA stdas ddeana international protection
HU meneklt sttusz
IT status dirifugiato
Related terms
LT pabglio statusas
beneficiaryof international protection
LV bga statuss
Convention refugee
MT Status ta rifujat(a)
withdrawal ofrefugee status
NL vluchtelingenstatus
PL status uchodcy
PT estatuto derefugiado
RO statutul derefugiat
SK postavenie uteenca (EU acquis) /
statusuteenca/tatt uteenca
SL status begunca
SV flyktingstatus
NO flyktningstatus
232
A
refugee sur place
B
BG / sur place Definition
CS uprchlk namst; uprchlk sur place In the global context, aperson who isnot arefugee when they C
DE Flchtling sur place leave their country oforigin, but who becomes arefugee, that
EL is, acquires awell-founded fear ofpersecution, atalater date. D
ES refugiado sobrevenido In the EUcontext, aperson granted refugee status based
ET sur place pagulane oninternational protection needs which arose sur place, i.e. E
FI sur place -pakolainen onaccount ofevents which took place after they left their coun-
FR rfugi sur place F
try oforigin.
GA ddeana sur place
HU sur place meneklt
IT rifugiato sur place
Source G
Global context: UNHCR International Thesaurus ofRefugee
LT pabglis sur place
LV bglis sur place
Terminology H
EU context: Derived byEMN from Art.5ofDirective 2011/95/EU
MT Rifujat(a) sur place
NL vluchteling sur place (NL syn. rfugi sur place) (Recast Qualification Directive) I
PL uchodca sur place / uchodca namiejscu
PT refugiados sur place Synonym J
objective grounds for seeking asylum occurring after the
RO refugiat sur place
SK uteenec sur place / uteenec na mieste applicants departure from their country oforigin K
SL begunec sur place
SV flykting sur place Note L
NO sur place-flyktning Refugees sur place may owe their fear ofpersecution toacoup
dtat intheir home country, orto the introduction orintensifica- M
tion ofrepressive orpersecutory policies after their departure.
Aclaim inthis category may also bebased onbona fide political N
activities, undertaken inthe country ofresidence orrefuge.
O
refusal of entry
P
BG Definition
CS odmtnut vstupu In the global context, refusal ofentry ofaperson who does not
Q
DE Verweigerung der Einreise (EU acquis);
Einreiseverbot(DE)
fulfil all the entry conditions laid down inthe national legislation
ofthe country for which entry isrequested. R
EL In the EUcontext, refusal ofentry ofathird-country national
ES denegacin deentrada atthe external EUborder because they donot fulfil all the entry S
ET sisenemiskeeld / isiku riiki mittelubamine conditions laid down inArt.5(1) ofRegulation (EC) No562/2006
FI psyn epminen (Schengen Border Code) and donot belong tothe categories T
FR refus d'entre
ofpersons referred toin Art.5(4) ofthat Regulation.
GA nisinaigh tr tr ardiltaodh iontril dibh U
HU belptets megtagadsa
Source
IT respingimento (rifiuto diingresso) V
Global context: Developed byEMN
LT neleidimas
EU context: Derived byEMN from the definition for third-country
LV ieceoanas atteikums
MT Dul miud / Tbarrija
nationals refused entry inArt.2(q) ofRegulation (EC) W
NL toegangsweigering No862/2007 (Migration Statistics Regulation)
PL odmowa wjazdu X
PT recusa deentrada anacionais depases terceiros Related terms
RO refuzarea intrrii border control Y
external EU border
SK odopretie vstupu
SL zavrnitev vstopa internal EU border Z
SV avvisning (tredjelandsmedborgare som nekas inresa) irregular entry
NO innreisenekt legal entry
233
R BG
CS
DE
regional protection programme

program regionln ochrany
Regionales Schutzprogramm
Definition
A programme designed toenhance the capacity ofnon-EU coun-
tries inthe regions from which many refugees originate,
EL orthrough which they pass intransit. Such aprogamme aims
ES programa regional deproteccin toimprove refugee protection through durable solutions
ET piirkondlik kaitsekava (return, local integration and resettlement inathird country).
FI alueellinen suojeluohjelma
FR programme rgional deprotection
Source
GA Clr Cosanta Rigina
Derived byEMN from the Communication from the Commission
HU Regionlis Vdelmi Program
tothe Council and the European Parliament onregional protec-
IT programma diprotezione regionale
tion programmes COM(2005) 388
LT regionin apsaugos programa
LV reionls aizsardzbas programma
MT Programm ta protezzjoni rejonali
Broader term
protection
NL regionaal beschermingsprogramma
PL program ochrony regionalnej
PT Programa regional deproteco Related terms
durable solutions
RO program deprotecie regional
resettlement
SK regionlny program ochrany
SL regionalni program zaite
SV regionalt skyddsprogram Notes
NO regionalt program ombeskyttelse (b) 1.The first two regional protection programmes targeted East-
regionaltprogram omvern(n) ern Europe (in particular Belarus, the Republic ofMoldova and
Ukraine) asaregion oftransit and the African Great Lakes
Region (particularly Tanzania) asaregion oforigin.
2.For further information, see the DGHOME website: http://

ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/what-we-do/policies/asylum/
external-aspects/index_en.htm
regularisation
BG
Definition
CS regularizace / legalizace pobytu
In the EUcontext, state procedure bywhich illegally staying
DE Legalisierung, Regularisierung
third-country nationals are awarded alegal status.
EL
ES regularizacin
ET seadustamine
Source
ICMPD: Study onRegularisations inEurope, 2009
FI laillistaminen
FR rgularisation
GA tabhairt chun rialtachta Synonyms
amnesty (in the context ofmigration)
HU legalizls
legalisation
IT regolarizzazione
LT reguliarizacija
LV [personas statusa] legalizcija
MT Regolarizzazzjoni
NL regularisatie
PL regularyzacja
PT regularizao
RO regularizare / legalizare
SK legalizcia / regularizcia
SL regularizacija
SV regularisering
NO regularisering
234
A
reintegration
B
BG Definition
CS reintegrace Re-inclusion orre-incorporation ofaperson into agroup C
DE Reintegration oraprocess, e.g. ofamigrant into the society oftheir country
EL ofreturn. D
ES reintegracin
ET taaslimumine Source E
FI uudelleen kotouttaminen Derived bythe EMN from IOM Glossary onMigration, 2nd ed.,
FR rintgration F
2011
GA athimeascadh
HU reintegrci (visszailleszkeds)
IT reintegrazione
Related terms G
integration
LT reintegracija
LV reintegrcija
return H
MT Riintegrazzjoni
NL rentegratie I
PL reintegracja
PT reintegrao J
RO reintegrare
SK reintegrcia K
SL reintegracija / ponovna integracija
SV terintegrering L
NO reintegrering
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
235
R BG
CS
rejected applicant for international protection

adatel omezinrodn ochranu, jeho dost byla
zamtnuta
Definition
A person covered byafirst instance decision rejecting anappli-
cation for international protection, including decisions consid-
DE abgelehnter Antragsteller auf internationalen Schutz ering applications asinadmissible oras unfounded and decisions
EL under priority and accelerated procedures, taken byadministra-
ES solicitante alque sele hadenegado laproteccin tive orjudicial bodies during the reference period.
internacional
ET tagasilkatud rahvusvahelise kaitse taotleja
Source
FI hylkvn ptksen saanut kansainvlisen
Art.4(2a) ofRegulation 862/2007 (Migration Statistics Regulation)
suojelunhakija
FR demandeur deprotection internationale dbout
Synonyms
GA iarratasir ardiltaodh cosaint idirnisinta d
failed applicant
HU elutastott menedkkr
failed asylum seeker
IT richiedente protezione internazionale respinto
rejected applicant
LT asmuo, kuriam prieglobstis nesuteiktas
LV persona, kurai atteikts pieirt starptautisko
aizsardzbu Broader terms
MT Applikant(a) gall-protezzjoni internazzjonali
asylum seeker
respint(a) / miud(a)
NL afgewezen asielzoeker
PL osoba, ktrej wniosek oobjcie ochron
midzynardow zosta odrzucony
PT
RO solicitant alproteciei internaionale respins /
acruicerere afost respins
SK nespen iadate omedzinrodn ochranu /
nespen iadate oudelenie medzinrodnej
ochrany / iadate omedzinrodn ochranu, ktormu
bola iados zamietnut / iadate oudelenie
medzinrodnej ochrany, ktormu bola iados
zamietnut
SL zavrnjeni prosilec zamednarodno zaito
SV person som omfattas avbeslut omavslag
panskan ominternationellt skydd
NO person med avslag psknad ominternasjonal
beskyttelse (b) / person med avslag psknad
ominternasjonalt vern(n)
236
A
relocation
B
BG / Definition
CS relokace The transfer ofpersons having astatus defined bythe Geneva C
DE Umverteilung Convention of1951orsubsidiary protection within the mean-
EL ing ofDirective 2011/95/EU from the EUMember State which D
ES reubicacin granted them international protection toanother EUMember
ET mberasustamine State where they will begranted similar protection, and ofper- E
FI sisinen siirto sons having applied for international protection from the
FR relocalisation F
EUMember State which isresponsible for examining their appli-
GA athlonn
cation toanother EUMember State where their applications for
HU thelyezs (relokci)
IT ricollocazione
international protection will beexamined. G
LT perklimas
LV prvietoana
Source H
DG Home e-Library Glossary
MT Rilokazzjoni
NL aanleg tot afwijzing van een verzoek I
ominternationale Related terms
PL relokacja Convention refugee J
PT recolocao
RO relocare resettlement K
SK premiestnenie (EU acquis) / relokcia
SL preselitev L
SV omplacering
NO relokalisering M
N
remain in the Member State O
BG - Definition
P
CS setrvat vlenskm stt To remain inthe territory, including atthe border orin transit
DE Verbleib imMitgliedstaat zones, ofthe Member State inwhich the application for inter-
Q
EL -
ES permanecer enel territorio del Estado Miembro
national protection has been made oris being examined.
R
ET liikmesriiki jma Source
FI jminen jsenvaltioon Art.2(p) ofDirective S
FR rester dans ltat membre
2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive)
GA fanacht sabhallstt T
HU a tagllam terlets marad
IT permanenza nello Stato membro U
LT likti valstybje narje
LV palikt uzdzvi dalbvalst
MT Jibqa/Tibqa fl-Istat Membru
V
NL in delidstaat blijven
PL pozostawa wpastwie czonkowskim
W
PT permanecer num estado membro
RO a rmne peteritoriu X
SK zosta vlenskom tte
SL ostati vdravi lanici Y
SV stanna kvar imedlemsstaten
NO fortsatt opphold (b) / vidare opphald(n) Z
237
R BG
CS
DE
remittance

remitence
Rckberweisung
Definition
In the global context, across-border person-to-person payment
ofrelatively low value.
EL In anEU context, afinancial transfer from amigrant toabene-
ES remesas ficiary(ies) inthe migrants country oforigin.
ET rahalekanded
FI rahalhetys Source
FR envois defonds
Global context: World Bank: Committee onPayment and
GA seoltn
Settlement System General principles for remittances, January
HU hazautals
2007, p. 6
IT rimessa
EU context: Footnote 7ofCOM(2005) 390
LT pinig perlaidos
LV naudas prvedumi
MT Trasferimenti / Bgit ta flus (minn migranti lejn
Related term
circular migration
benefijarji fpajjihom)
NL geldovermakingen (syn. geldoverdrachten)
PL przekazy pieniene / transfery pienine
PT remessas
RO remiten
SK remitencie
SL nakazilo
SV verfring
NO pengeoverfringer (b) / pengeoverfringar(n)
removal
BG Source
CS vyhotn Art.3(5) ofDirective 2008/115/EC (Return Directive)
DE Abschiebung
EL Synonym
ES expulsin deportation
ET vljasaatmine
FI maasta poistaminen Broader term
FR loignement compulsory return
GA aistri
HU kitoloncols
Narrower terms
IT allontanamento expulsion
LT isiuntimas
removal order
return decision
MT Tneija
NL uitzetting (syn: verwijdering)
PL odesanie (wyjazd)
Related term
voluntary departure
PT afastamento
RO ndeprtare depe teritoriu / returnare
SK odsun Note
SL odstranitev Under EUlegislation, removal isaspecific form ofcompulsory
SV avlgsnande (forced) return. While deportation and removal often are under-
NO uttransportering stood as synonyms, deportation it not used as a legal term in all
Member States and is only applicable as a general concept by
Definition the public, sometimes with a negative connotation. Because of
The enforcement ofthe obligation toreturn, namely the physical this variation, removal is the preferred term to use.
transportation out ofthe country.
238
A
removal order
B
BG Definition
CS rozhodnut ovyhotn An administrative orjudicial decision oract ordering aremoval. C
DE Abschiebungsanordnung
EL Source D
ES orden deexpulsin Art.8(3) ofDirective 2008/115/EC (Return Directive)
ET vljasaatmisotsus E
FI maastapoistamismrys Synonym
FR mesure dloignement deportation order F
GA ord aistrithe
HU kitoloncolsrl szl hatrozat
IT provvedimento diallontanamento
Broader terms G
removal
LT nurodymas isisti
LV lmums par piespiedu izraidanu
return decision H
MT Ordni ta tneija
NL last tot uitzetting Related term I
expulsion decision
PL decyzja nakazujca wyjazd
PT deciso deafastamento J
RO decizie dereturnare sub escort Note
SK prkaz naodsun / prkaz navyhostenie For some Member States, areturn decision and removal order K
SL nalog zaodstranitev may occur within one administrative orjudicial act asprovided
SV beslut omavlgsnande for intheir national legislation. L
NO vedtak omuttransportering
M
N
remunerated trainee O
BG Definition
P
CS placen stista A third-country national who has been admitted tothe territory
DE bezahlter Auszubildender ofaMember State for atraining period with remuneration
Q
EL
ES persona enprcticas remuneradas
inaccordance with its national legislation.
R
ET tasustatud praktikant Source
FI palkallinen harjoittelija Derived byEMN from the definition for unremunerated trainee S
FR stagiaire rmunr inArt.2(d) ofCouncil Directive 2004/114/EC (Student Migration
GA oilina a fhaigheann luach saothair Directive) T
HU javadalmazsban rszesl (fizetett) gyakornok
IT apprendista retribuito U
Broader term
LT atlygintinas stauotojas
trainee
LV algots praktikants / staieris V
MT Persuna titarre bilas
NL bezoldigd stagiair
Related term
PL staysta pobierajcy wynagrodzenie
unremunerated trainee W
PT estagirios / formandos remunerados
RO stagiar remunerat X
SK platen stista
SL plaani pripravnik Y
SV avlnad praktikant
NO lnnet praktikant (b) / lnt praktikant(n) Z
239
R BG
CS
DE
repatriation

repatriace
Repatriierung
Definition
The personal right ofarefugee oraprisoner ofwar toreturn
totheir country ofnationality under specific conditions laid
EL down invarious international instruments and human rights
ES repatriacin instruments aswell asin customary international law.
ET tagasiprdumine (repatrieerumine)
FI paluu, palauttaminen Source
FR rapatriement
GA aisdichi
HU hazatelepts
Notes
IT rimpatrio
1.This isnot asynonym relating tocompulsory (forced) return.
LT repatriacija
LV repatricija
2.The option ofrepatriation isbestowed upon the individual per-
MT Ripatrijazzjoni
NL repatriring (NL syn.: naar het vaderland terugkeren / sonally and not upon the detaining power. Inthe law ofinterna-
naar het vaderland terugbrengen) tional armed conflict, repatriation also entails the obligation ofthe
PL repatriacja detaining power torelease eligible persons (soldiers and civilians)
PT repatriamento and the duty ofthe country oforigin toreceive its own nationals
RO repatriere atthe end ofhostilities. Even iftreaty law does not contain agen-
SK repatricia eral rule onthis point, itis today readily accepted that the repatri-
SL repatriacija ation ofprisoners ofwar and civil detainees has been consented
SV tervandring toimplicitly bythe interested parties. Repatriation asaterm also
NO repatriering applies todiplomatic envoys and international officials intimes
ofinternational crisis aswell as expatriates and migrants.
3.Depending onthe Member State, this term has different

meanings / connotations: inPL, RO, NL, NOthis refers specifically
torepatriating their nationals back toPL, RO, NL, NOrespec-
tively. InES, IE, IT, UK, itis often used inthe context ofreturning
third-country nationals totheir country oforigin. InEE, the term
refers specifically topersons ofEstonia orethnic Estonians
resettlement toEstonia. InLV, the term refers specifically tothe
persons ofLatvian orLivonian origin toresettle with permanent
residence inLatvia. InPT, the term has nolegal concept, being
used more asasociological term. Itis commonly used torefer
toPortuguese citizens that return toPortugal, including being
forced toreturn.
4.The term should not beconfused with voluntary repatriation

which isaccording tothe UNHCR International Thesaurus
ofRefugee Terminology defined asfollows: Return tothe coun-
try oforigin onthe basis ofthe freely expressed willingness
ofthe refugees. The returns have totake place inconditions
ofsafety, dignity and security. The principle ofvoluntariness
must beviewed inrelation toboth: conditions inthe country
oforigin (calling for aninformed decision) and the situation
inthe country ofasylum (permitting afree choice). For more
information, see UNHCR: Voluntary Repatriation: International
Protection handbook, 1996: http://www.refworld.org/docid/
3ae6b3510.html
240
A
representative
B
BG Definition
CS zstupce A person oran organisation appointed bythe competent bodies C
DE Vertreter (EU acquis); Stellvertreter (DE) inorder toassist and represent anunaccompanied minor
EL inprocedures provided for inDirective 2013/32/EU with aview D
ES representante legal toensuring the best interests ofthe child and exercising legal
ET esindaja capacity for the minor where necessary. Where anorganisation E
FI edustaja isappointed asarepresentative, itshall designate aperson
FR reprsentant F
responsible for carrying out the duties ofrepresentative
GA ionada
inrespect ofthe unaccompanied minor.
HU gygondnok
IT rappresentante
G
Source
LT atstovas
LV prstvis
Art.2(n) ofDirective 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures H
Directive)
MT Rappreentant legali // Kuratur legali
NL vertegenwoordiger I
PL przedstawiciel Related term
PT representante legal unaccompanied minor J
RO reprezentant legal
SK zstupca K
SL predstavnik / zastopnik
SV fretrdare L
NO verge
M
N
researcher O
BG Definition
P
CS vzkumn pracovnk In the EUmigration context, athird-country national holding
DE Forscher anappropriate higher education qualification, which gives
Q
EL
ES investigador
access todoctoral programmes, who isselected byaresearch
organisation for carrying out aresearch project for which the R
ET teadlane above qualification isnormally required.
FI tutkija S
FR chercheur
Source
GA taighdeoir
Art.2(d) ofCouncil Directive 2005/71/EC (Researchers Directive) T
HU kutat
IT ricercatore U
Related terms
LT tyrjas
schoolpupil
LV ptnieks
MT Rierkatur (-trii)
student V
unremunerated trainee
NL onderzoeker
PL naukowiec
W
PT investigador
RO cercettor X
SK vskumnk / vskumn pracovnk
SL raziskovalec Y
SV forskare
NO forsker (b) / forskar(n) Z
241
R BG
CS
DE
resettled refugee

pesdlen uprchlk
neuangesiedelter Flchtling
Definition
In the global context, arefugee who isidentified bythe UNHCR
and who istransferred from the country inwhich they have
EL sought protection toathird state which has agreed toadmit
ES refugiado reasentado them asrefugees with permanent residence status.
ET mberasustatud pagulane In the EUcontext, athird-country national orstateless person
FI uudelleensijoitettu pakolainen who, onaresettlement request from UNHCR based ontheir
FR rfugi rinstall
need for international protection, are transferred from athird
GA ddeana athlonnaithe
country toaMember State where they are permitted toreside
HU tteleptett meneklt
with one ofthe following statuses:
IT rifugiato reinsediato
(i) refugee status within the meaning ofArt.2(d) ofDirective
LT perkeltas pabglis
2011/95/EU; or
LV prvietots bglis
(ii) astatus which offers the same rights and benefits under
MT rifujat(a) risistemat(a)
NL programma voor uitgenodigde vluchtelingen national and Union law asrefugee status.
(BE:programma voor hervestigde vluchteling)
PL przesiedlony uchodca Source
PT Global context: Derived byEMN from the glossary ofthe UNHCR
RO refugiat relocat Resettlement Handbook
SK presdlen osoba / presdlen uteenec / presdlenec EU context: Derived byEMN from Articles 3(1)(d) and 6(e)
SL ponovno naseljeni begunec ofCouncil Decision 573/2007/EC establishing the Refugee Fund
SV kvotflykting
NO overfringsflyktning Synonyms
Programme refugee
quota refugee
resettled person
Broader term
refugee
Related terms
refugee intransit
resettlement
Notes
1.Itis the UNHCR that, together with the relevant authorities
inthe State concerned, decides which refugees should
beaccepted; their refugee status isestablished bythe UNHCR

and accepted bythe State inadvance ofentering the State.
2.Insome cases, national authorities assess inaddition asto

whether the person concerned isarefugee.
3.There are different terms used inMember States depending

ondifferent legal concepts. Insome Member States such refu-
gees are accepted aspart ofayearly resettlement programme.
4.IEuses the term programme refugee inawider context than

resettlement and defines inSection 24ofthe Irish Refugee Act,
1996asfollows: a person towhom leave toenter and remain
inthe State for temporary protection orresettlement aspart
ofagroup ofpersons has been given bythe Government.
242
A
resettlement
B
BG Definition
CS pesdlen In the global context, the selection and transfer ofrefugees C
DE Neuansiedlung from astate inwhich they have sought protection toathird
EL state which has agreed toadmit them asrefugees with perma- D
ES reasentamiento nent residence status.
ET mberasustamine In the EUcontext, the transfer, onarequest from the UNHCR and E
FI uudelleensijoittaminen based ontheir need for international protection,
FR rinstallation F
ofathird-country national orstateless person, from athird
GA athlonn
country toaMember State, where they are permitted toreside
HU ttelepts (letelepts)
IT reinsediamento
with one ofthe following statuses: G
(i) refugee status within the meaning ofArt.2(d) ofDirective
LT perklimas
LV prvietoana
2011/95/EU; or H
(ii) astatus which offers the same rights and benefits under
MT Risistemazzjoni
NL hervestiging national and EUlaw asrefugee status. I
PL przesiedlenie
PT reinstalao Source J
RO relocare Global context: glossary ofthe UNHCR Resettlement Handbook
SK presdlenie / presdovanie EU context: Derived byEMN from Art.3(1)(d) ofDecision K
SL ponovna naselitev 573/2007/EC establishing the Refugee Fund
SV vidarebosttning L
NO gjenbosetting (b) / gjenbusetjing(n) Narrower term
resettlement programme M
Related terms N
durable solutions
refugee in transit
relocation
O
resettled refugee
P
Notes
1.The status provided ensures protection against refoulement
Q
and provides aresettled refugee and their family ordepend-
ants with access torights similar tothose enjoyed bynationals. R
Resettlement also carries with itthe opportunity toeventually
become anaturalised citizen ofthe resettlement country. For S
this reason, resettlement isadurable solution aswell asatool
for the protection ofrefugees. T
2.This term should not beconfused with relocation. U

V
W
X
Y
Z
243
R BG
CS
DE
resettlement programme

pesdlovac program
Neuansiedlungsprogramm
Definition
In the global context, acoordinated activity undertaken inpartner-
ship with UNHCR and other NGOs that includes specific processes
EL like the identification inthe field ofrefugees inneed ofresettle-
ES programa dereasentamiento ment, toscreening, processing, reception and integration.
ET mberasustamisprogramm In the EUcontext, voluntary programmes bywhich Member
FI uudelleensijoittamisohjelma States aim toprovide international protection and durable
FR programme derinstallation
solutions intheir territories torefugees and displaced persons
GA clr athlonnaithe
identified aseligible for resettlement byUNHCR, and which
HU tteleptsi (leteleptsi) program
include actions that the Member States implement toassess the
IT programma direinsediamento
resettlement needs and transfer the persons concerned totheir
LT perklimo programa
territories, with aview togranting them asecure legal status
LV prvietoanas programma
and topromoting their effective integration.
MT Programm ta risistemazzjoni
NL hervestigingsprogramma
PL Program Przesiedle Source
PT programa dereinstalao Global context: Derived byEMN
RO program derelocare EU context: Derived byEMN from Recital 18ofDecision
SK presdovac program / program presdovania 573/2007/EC establishing the European Refugee Fund
SL program ponovne naselitve
SV program fr vidarebosttning Broader term
NO gjenbosettingsprogram (b) / resettlement
gjenbusetjingsprogram(n)
Related term
durable solutions
residence document
BG Definition
CS povolen kpobytu A document issued bythe authorities ofaMember State authorising
DE Aufenthaltstitel (EU acquis) athird-country national tostay inits territory, including thedocu-
EL ments substantiating the authorisation toremain inthe territory
ES documento deresidencia under temporary protection arrangements oruntil the circum-
ET elamisluba (dokument) stances preventing aremoval order from being carried out
FI oleskeluun oikeuttava asiakirja, oleskeluasiakirja nolonger apply, with the exception ofvisas and residence authori-
(oleskelulupa)
sations issued during the period required todetermine the responsi-
FR titre desjour
ble Member State asestablished inRegulation (EU) No604/2013

GA doicimad cnaithe
(Dublin III Regulation) orduring examination ofanapplication for
HU tartzkodsra jogost okmny
asylum oran application for aresidence permit.
IT titolo disoggiorno
LT teis gyventi alyje patvirtinantis dokumentas
LV uzturans dokuments
Source
MT Dokument ta residenza Derived byEMN from Art.2(l) ofRegulation (EU) No604/2013
NL verblijfsdocument (Dublin III Regulation)
PL dokument pobytowy
PT ttulo deresidncia Narrower term
residence permit
RO document deedere
SK doklad opobyte
SL dokument zaprebivanje Related term
SV uppehllstillstnd travel document
NO oppholdsdokument (b) / opphaldsdokument(n)
244
A
residence permit
B
BG Definition
CS povolen kpobytu Any authorisation issued bythe authorities ofan EUMember C
DE Aufenthaltstitel (EU acquis); Aufenthaltserlaubnis, State allowing anon-EU national tostay legally inits territory,
Niederlassungserlaubnis (DE) inaccordance with the provisions ofRegulation 265/2010 D
EL (Long Stay Visa Regulation).
ES permiso deresidencia E
ET elamisluba Source
FI oleskelulupa F
DG HOME e-Library Glossary
FR permis desjour
GA cead cnaithe
HU tartzkodsi engedly
Broader term G
residence document
IT permesso disoggiorno
LT leidimas gyventi
H
LV uzturans atauja
Narrower term
MT Permess ta residenza
single permit I
NL verblijfsvergunning
PL zezwolenie napobyt Related terms J
EUBlue Card
PT autorizao deresidncia
RO permis deedere work permit K
SK povolenie napobyt
SL dovoljenje zaprebivanje L
SV uppehllstillstnd
NO oppholdstillatelse (b) / opphaldslyve(n) M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
245
R BG
CS
DE
return

nvrat
Rckkehr
Definition
The movement ofaperson going from ahost country back
toacountry oforigin, country ofnationality orhabitual residence
EL usually after spending asignificant period oftime inthe host coun-
ES retorno try whether voluntary orforced, assisted orspontaneous.
ET tagasiprdumine
FI paluu(muutto), (pakko)palauttaminen Source
FR retour
Derived byEMN from the definitions ofreturn and return
GA filleadh
migration inthe IOM Glossary onMigration, 2nd ed., 2011
HU hazatrs / visszatrs
IT ritorno / rimpatrio
Synonym
LT grinimas
return migration
LV atgrieana (EU acquis) / izraidana (national)
MT Ritorn / Tluq lura
NL terugkeer Narrower terms
compulsory return
PL powrt
returnprogramme
PT retorno
voluntary return
RO returnare
SK nvrat
SL vrnitev Related terms
SV tervndande readmission agreement
NO retur reintegration
returnee
Notes
1.The IOM definition covers all categories ofreturn ofmigrants
(return within the territorial boundaries ofacountry, asin the
case ofreturning IDPs and demobilised combatants; orfrom
ahost country (either transit ordestination) tothe country ofori-
gin, asin the case ofpersons who have resided legally inacoun-
try, migrant workers, refugees, asylum seekers and qualified
nationals; orthe way the return isimplemented, e.g. voluntary,
forced, assisted and spontaneous return. Itdoes not cover stays
shorter than three months (such asholiday visits orbusiness
meetings and other visits typically considered tobe for aperiod
oftime ofless than three months).
2.In the context of Council Directive 2008/115/EU (Return

Directive), return as defined in Art. 3(3), is understood as return
which occurs once a return decision has been issued. This glos-
sary uses the term compulsory return to describe return as
defined in the Return Directive.
246
A
return decision
B
BG Definition
CS rozhodnut onavrcen An administrative orjudicial decision oract, stating ordeclaring C
DE Rckkehrentscheidung (EU acquis); the stay ofathird-country national tobe illegal and imposing
Rckfhrungsentscheidung (DE) orstating anobligation toreturn. D
EL
ES resolucin deexpulsin Source E
ET lahkumisettekirjutus Art.3(4) ofCouncil Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive)
FI palauttamispts F
FR dcision deretour
Synonyms
GA cinneadh fillte
HU orszgelhagysra ktelez hatrozat = decision
obligation toleave G
obligation toreturn
onobligation toleave; kiutastst elrendel
hatrozat= expulsion decision
H
IT decisione diritorno
Broader term
LT sprendimas dl grinimo
removal I
LV atgrieanas lmums (EU acquis) /
izbraukanasrkojums / lmums par Narrower term J
removal order
piespieduizraidanu (national)
MT Deijoni ta ritorn K
NL terugkeerbesluit Related terms
expulsion decision
PL decyzja opowrocie L
PT deciso deafastamento / notificao para abandono enforcement measure
voluntary departure
RO decizie dereturnare M
SK rozhodnutie onvrate
SL odloba ovrnitvi Note N
SV beslut omtervndande For some Member States, areturn decision and removal order
NO returvedtak may occur within one administrative orjudicial act asprovided
for intheir national legislation.
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
247
R BG
CS
DE
return programme

nvratov program
Rckkehrprogramm
Definition
Programme tosupport (e.g. financial, organisational, counselling)
the return, possibly including reintegration measures, ofareturnee
EL bythe State orby athird party, for example aninternational
ES programa deretorno voluntario organisation.
ET tagasiprdumisprogramm
FI palauttamisohjelma Source
FR programme daide auretour
Developed byEMN
GA clr fillte
HU hazatrsi program
Broader term
IT programma diritorno
return
LT grinimo programa
LV atgrieans programma
MT Programm (tassistenza / tagajnuna) gar-ritorn
NL terugkeerprogramma
PL programy powrotw
PT programas deretorno
RO program dereturnare
SK nvratov program
SL program vraanja / program vrnitve
SV tervndandeprogram
NO returprogram
returnee
BG Definition
CS navracen cizinec A person going from ahost country back toacountry oforigin,
DE Rckkehrer country ofnationality orhabitual residence usually after
EL spending asignificant period oftime inthe host country whether
ES extranjero retornado voluntary orforced, assisted orspontaneous.
ET tagasiprduja
FI paluumuuttaja / palaaja, (pakko)palautettava
Source
FR rapatri EMN: Assisted Return and Migration Study, 2011
GA imirceach fillteach
HU hazatr / visszatr Related term
IT persona che compie ritorno return
LT grtantysis / grinamasis
LV izraidmais
Note
MT Migrant(a) ritornat(a)
The definition covers all categories ofmigrants (persons who
NL terugkeerder
have resided legally inacountry aswell asfailed asylum seek-
PL osoba powracajca
ers) and different ways the return isimplemented (e.g. volun-
PT retornado
tary, forced, assisted and spontaneous). Itdoes not cover stays
RO returnat
shorter than three months (such asholiday visits orbusiness
SK navrtilec
SL oseba, kije predmet vraanja meetings and other visits typically considered tobe for aperiod
SV tervndare oftime ofless than three months).
NO den personen som vender hjem (b) /
denpersonensom vender heim(n)
248
A
right of asylum
B
BG ( , Definition
) The right ofthe State, invirtue ofits territorial sovereignty and C
CS prvo azylu inthe exercise ofits discretion, toallow anon-national toenter
DE Recht, Asyl zugewhren; Asylrecht (DE) and reside, and toresist the exercise ofjurisdiction byany State D
EL over that individual.
ES derecho deasilo E
ET igus varjupaigale Source
FI turvapaikkaoikeus F
FR droit dasile
GA ceart tearmainn
HU menedkjog
Synonym G
right togrant asylum
IT diritto diasilo
LT prieglobsio suteikimo teis
H
LV patvruma tiesbas
Broader term
MT Dritt mogti gall-ail
asylum I
NL asielrecht (syn.: recht van asiel)
PL prawo doudzielenia azylu Related term J
right toasylum
PT direito aoasilo
RO dreptul laazil K
SK prvo udeli azyl Notes
SL azilna pravica 1.Insome States there are narrower orbroader criteria than that laid L
SV asylrtt down inthe Geneva Convention of1951and Protocol of1967.
NO rett til gi beskyttelse / asyl (b) / 2.The IOM uses ageneric term, intwo senses: the right togrant M
retttilgjevern/asyl(n) asylum (a State may grant asylum inits territory toany person
atits own discretion) and the right tobe granted asylum either N
vis--vis the State inwhose territory asylum isrequested,
orvis-vis the pursuing State.
O
right of residence P
BG Definition Q
CS
DE
prvo napobyt
Aufenthaltsrecht
The right toregularly reside inagiven country, according tothe
migration law ofthat country. R
EL
ES derecho deresidencia Source S
ET elamisigus Developed byEMN
FI oleskeluoikeus T
FR droit desjour Synonym
GA ceart cnaithe right toreside U
HU tartzkodsi jog
IT diritto disoggiorno Related term V
LT teis gyventi alyje host country
LV uzturans tiesbas W
MT Dritt gar-residenza
Note
NL verblijfsrecht
PL prawo pobytu
In the EUcontext, the right ofresidence for EUcitizens iscovered X
byCouncil Directive 2004/38/EC (Free Movement Directive)
PT
RO drept deedere / reziden
which differentiates between the right ofresidence for upto three Y
months (Art.6) and the right ofresidence for more than three
SK prvo zdriava savkrajine / prvo napobyt vkrajine
SL pravica doprebivanja months (Art.7). EEA and CH citizens enjoy the same rights Z
SV uppehllsrtt asunion citizens within the European area offree movement.
NO rett til opphold (b) / rett til opphald(n)
249
R BG
CS
right to asylum
(
)
prvo naazyl
Definition
The right ofaperson toseek asylum, guaranteed with due
respect bythe rules ofthe Geneva Convention of1951and
DE Recht auf Asyl Protocol of1967relating tothe status ofrefugees and
EL inaccordance with the TFEU.
ES derecho deasilo
ET igus varjupaika taotleda Source
FI oikeus turvapaikkaan, turvapaikkaoikeus
Art.18ofthe European Charter ofFundamental Rights and
FR droit dasile
Art.14ofthe Universal Declaration ofHuman Rights
GA ceart arthearmann
HU menedkhez val jog
Synonym
IT diritto allasilo
right toseek asylum
LT teis prieglobst
LV tiesbas uzpatvrumu
MT Dritt gall-ail Related term
right ofasylum
NL recht opasiel
PL prawo doazylu
PT Note
RO dreptul laazil Refugees have noenforceable right inconventional international
SK prvo naazyl law tobe granted asylum byaState. Itis contested whether cus-
SL pravica doazila tomary international law has embraced the individual right
SV asylrtt toasylum.
NO rett til beskyttelse (b) / rett til vern(n)
right to family life

BG Definition
CS prvo narodinn ivot A principle enshrined inArts. 7, 9and 33ofthe Charter
DE Recht auf Familienleben ofFundamental Rights ofthe European Union and Art.8
EL ofthe European Convention onHuman Rights (ECHR).
ES derecho ala vida enfamilia
ET igus pere(konna)elule Source
FI oikeus perhe-elmn European Charter ofFundamental Rights
FR droit la vie familiale
GA ceart chun saol teaghlaigh
Narrower term
HU csaldi lethez val jog
IT diritto alla vita familiare
LT teis eimos gyvenim
LV tiesbas uzimenes dzvi
Related terms
chain migration
MT Dritt gal ajja ffamilja
family formation
NL recht opeerbiediging van familie- engezinsleven
(syn.: recht opfamilie- engezinsleven)
family migration
PL prawo doycia rodzinnego
PT direito unidade familiar
RO dreptul lavia defamilie Note
SK prvo narodinn ivot There isadistinction between the right tofamily life and the
SL pravica dodruinskega ivljenja right tofamily unity. The right tofamily life isafundamental
SV rtt till familjeliv right enshrined inthe Charter ofFundamental Rights ofthe
NO rett til familieliv European Union. The right tofamily unity relates more tothe
purpose and procedural aspects ofentry and stay for the pur-
pose ofreuniting afamily.
250
A
right to family unity
B
BG Definition
CS prvo nazachovn celistvosti rodiny In the context ofarefugee, aright provisioned inArt.23 C
DE Recht auf Familieneinheit / ofDirective 2011/95/EU and inArt.12ofDirective 2013/33/
Recht auf Wahrung desFamilienverbandes EU obliging Member States toensure that family unity can D
EL bemaintained.
ES derecho ala unidad dela familia E
ET igus perekonna htsusele Source
FI oikeus perheen yhtenisyyteen F
Derived byEMN from Art.23ofDirective 2011/95/EU (Recast
FR droit l'unit familiale
Qualification Directive) and Art.12ofDirective 2013/33/EU
GA ceart chun aontacht teaghlaigh
HU csald egysghez val jog
(Recast Reception Conditions Directive) G
IT diritto allunit familiare
LT teis eimos vientisum
Synonym H
principle offamily unity
LV tiesbas uzimenes vienotbu
MT Dritt gall-gaqda / gall-unit tal-familja I
NL recht opinstandhouding van het (kern-)gezin Broader term
(syn.:recht opeenheid van het gezin)
right to family life J
PL prawo dojednoci rodziny
PT direito unidade familiar Narrower term K
RO dreptul launitatea familiei
SK prvo najednotu rodiny L
SL pravica doenotnosti druine Related terms
chain migration
SV rtt till familjesammanhllning M
NO rett til familiens enhet (b) / rett til familieeining(n) family formation
family migration
N
Note
There isadistinction between the right tofamily unity and the
O
right tofamily life. The right tofamily unity relates more tothe
purpose and procedural aspects ofentry and stay for the pur-
P
pose ofreuniting afamily, inorder tomeet the fundamental
rights enshrined inthe Charter ofFundamental Rights ofthe
Q
European Union.
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
251
R BG
CS
DE
right to free movement

prvo volnho pohybu
Recht auf Freizgigkeit
Definition
The right ofEU citizens and legally resident third-country
nationals (in accordance with the Treaty establishing the
EL European Community) tomove and reside freely within the ter-
ES derecho ala libre circulacin ritory ofthe Member States.
ET vaba liikumise igus
FI oikeus liikkua vapaasti Source
FR droit la libre circulation
Derived byEMN from Art.45ofthe European Charter of
GA ceart saorghluaiseachta
Fundamental Rights
HU szabad mozgshoz val jog
IT diritto dilibera circolazione
Synonym
LT laisvo judjimo teis
freedom ofmovement
LV tiesbas brvi prvietoties
MT Dritt gal-libert tal-moviment /
gallmovimentblaxkiel / gall-mer ieles Narrower term
intra-EU mobility
NL recht opvrij verkeer
PL prawo doswobodnego przepywu
PT Notes
RO dreptul laliber circulaie 1.The right tofree movement isone ofthe basic rights ofEU
SK prvo naslobodn pohyb / prvo navon pohyb citizens which was initially one ofthe founding rights inthe
SL pravica doprostega gibanja establishment ofthe European Union and enshrined inArt.21(1)
SV rtt till fri rrlighet ofTFEU; ithas been developed byEU secondary legislation and
NO rett til fri bevegelse (b) / rett til fri rrsle(n) the case law ofthe Court ofJustice.
2.Free movement ofworkers also applies tothe countries inthe

European Economic Area (IS, LI, NO) and toCH.
3.The provisions ofthe treaties inrelation tofreedom ofmove-

ment apply inthe same way tothe ten Member States that joined
the EUin 2004, BG and RO that joined inJanuary 2007and HR,
which joined inJuly 2013. Some ofthe original EUMember States
(before May 2004) apply transitional agreements that currently
restrict freedom ofmovement toworkers for acertain time period
(see the description offreedom ofmovement onthe European
Citizens Information website).
4.Freedom ofmovement and residence are granted, inaccord-

ance with the Treaty establishing the European Community, only

for certain categories ofthird-country nationals, i.e. long-term
residents, highly-skilled workers, researchers and students.
Whilst third-country nationals who hold avalid residence permit
orvisa have the right tomove freely within the Schengen area
for upto three months within asix-month period, the rights
inrelation totaking upresidence for aperiod exceeding three
months inanother Member State iscovered byspecific legal
instruments, depending ontheir status, and subject toconditions
innational legislation.
252
A
risk of absconding
B
BG Definition
CS nebezpe skrvn se In the EUcontext, existence ofreasons inan individual case C
DE Fluchtgefahr, Gefahr unterzutauchen which are based onobjective criteria defined bylaw tobelieve
EL that athird-country national who issubject toreturn proce- D
ES riesgo defuga dures may abscond.
ET pgenemise (krvalehoidumise) oht E
FI pakenemisen vaara Source
FR risque defuite F
Art.3(7) ofDirective 2008/115/EC (Return Directive)
GA baol alaithe
HU szks veszlye
IT rischio difuga
Broader term G
absconding
LT pasislpimo pavojus
LV bganas iespjamba
H
MT Riskju / Bia ta arba / rib / kontumaja
Note
NL risico oponderduiken This covers one type ofabsconding. I
PL ryzyko ucieczki
PT perigo defuga J
RO riscul dease sustrage
SK riziko teku K
SL tveganje pobega
SV risk fr avvikande L
NO risiko for unndragelse (b) / risiko for unndraging(n)
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
253
S BG
CS
DE
safe country of origin

bezpen zem pvodu
sicherer Herkunftsstaat
Source
Annex 1ofDirective 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures
Directive)
EL
ES pas deorigen seguro Broader term
ET turvaline pritoluriik (kolmas riik) country oforigin
FI turvallinen alkupermaa
FR pays dorigine sr
Narrower term
GA tr thionscnaimh at sbhilte concept ofsafe country oforigin
HU biztonsgos szrmazsi orszg
IT paese diorigine sicuro
Related term
LT saugi kilms valstyb
safe third country
LV droa izcelsmes valsts
MT Pajji tal-oriini sigur / bla perikli
NL veilig land van herkomst Notes
PL bezpieczny kraj pochodzenia 1.According toArt.37ofDirective 2013/32/EU (Recast Asy-
PT pas deorigem seguro lum Procedures Directive), Member States may retain orintro-
RO ara deorigine sigur duce legislation that allows for the national designation ofsafe
SK bezpen krajina pvodu countries oforigin for the purposes ofexamining applications
SL varna izvorna drava for international protection.
SV skert ursprungsland
NO trygt hjemland (b) / trygt heimland(n) 2.According tothe Protocol 29ofTFEU, EUMember States
shall beregarded asconstituting safe countries oforigin
Definition inrelation toasylum matters. Accordingly, any application for
A country where, onthe basis ofthe legal situation, the applica- asylum made byanational ofaMember State are normally not
tion ofthe law within ademocratic system and the general polit- taken into consideration.
ical circumstances, itcan beshown that there isgenerally and
consistently nopersecution asdefined inArt.9ofDirective 3.Member States shall regularly review the situation inthird
2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive), notorture countries that are designated assafe countries oforigin.
orinhuman ordegrading treatment orpunishment and nothreat
byreason ofindiscriminate violence insituations ofinternational 4.The assessment ofwhether acountry isasafe country ofori-
orinternal armed conflict. gin shall bebased onarange ofsources ofinformation, includ-
ing inparticular information from other Member States, EASO,
UNHCR, the Council ofEurope and other relevant international
organisations.
5.According toArt.36ofDirective 2013/32/EU, the concept

ofsafe country oforigin means that athird country is after
anindividual examination ofthe application considered
asasafe country oforigin for aparticular applicant only if:
(a) they have the nationality ofthat country; or
(b) they are astateless person and were formerly habitually

resident inthat country, and they have not submitted any seri-
ous grounds for considering the country not tobe asafe coun-
try oforigin intheir particular circumstances and interms
oftheir qualification asabeneficiary ofinternational protec-
tion inaccordance with Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Quali-
fication Directive).
254
A
safe third country
B
BG Definition
CS bezpen tet zem A third country that treats aperson seeking international pro- C
DE sicherer Drittstaat tection inaccordance with the following principles:
EL (a) life and liberty are not threatened onaccount ofrace, reli- D
ES tercer pas seguro gion, nationality, membership ofaparticular social group
ET turvaline kolmas riik orpolitical opinion; E
FI turvallinen kolmas maa (b) there isno risk ofserious harm asdefined inDirective
FR pays tiers sr F
2011/95/EU;
GA tr tr at sbhilte
(c) the principle ofnon-refoulement inaccordance with the
HU biztonsgos harmadik orszg
IT paese terzo sicuro
Geneva Convention of1951isrespected; G
(d) the prohibition ofremoval, inviolation ofthe right tofree-
LT saugi treioji valstyb
LV droa tre valsts
dom from torture and cruel, inhuman ordegrading treatment H
aslaid down ininternational law, isrespected; and
MT Pajji terz sigur / bla perikli
NL veilig derde land (e) the possibility exists torequest refugee status and, iffound I
PL bezpieczny kraj trzeci tobe arefugee, toreceive protection inaccordance with the
PT pas terceiro seguro Geneva Convention. J
RO ar / stat ter() sigur
SK bezpen tretia krajina Source K
SL varna tretja drava Art.38ofDirective 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures
SV skert tredjeland Directive) L
NO trygt tredjeland
Broader term M
third country
N
Related term
safe country oforigin
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
255
S BG
CS
DE
Schengen Agreement

Schengensk dohoda
Schengener bereinkommen
Definition
An agreement between some EUMember States and some
neighbouring non-Member States togradually remove controls
EL attheir common borders and introduce freedom ofmovement
ES Acuerdo deSchengen for all nationals ofthe signatory Member States, other Member
ET Schengeni leping States orthird countries.
FI Schengenin sopimus
FR accord deSchengen
Source
GA Comhaont Schengen
Derived byEMN from the Schengen acquis
HU Schengeni Megllapods
IT Accordo diSchengen
Related terms
LT engeno susitarimas
LV engenas nolgums
Schengen Convention
MT Ftehim (Il-) ta Schengen
Schengen Information System
NL Schengenakkoord
PL Ukad zSchengen
PT Notes
RO Acordul Schengen 1.The Schengen Agreement was signed on14June 1985
SK Schengensk dohoda between BE, FR, DE, LU, NL.
SL Schengenski sporazum
SV Schengenavtalet 2.The Agreement and the Convention, the rules adopted onthat
NO Schengen-avtalen basis and the related agreements together form the Schengen
acquis. Since 1999, this has formed part ofthe institutional and
legal framework ofthe European Union byvirtue ofaprotocol
tothe Treaty ofAmsterdam.
3.The rules governing the movement ofpersons across borders

are set out inRegulation (EC) No562/2006 (Schengen Borders
Code).
4.For more information, see: http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-

affairs/what-we-do/policies/borders-and-visas/schengen/
index_en.htm
256
A
Schengen Convention
B
BG Definition
CS Schengensk provdc mluva Legislation supplementing the Schengen Agreement and laying C
DE Schengener Durchfhrungsbereinkommen down the arrangements and safeguards for implementing free-
EL dom ofmovement. D
ES Convenio deSchengen
ET Schengeni konventsioon Source E
FI Schengenin yleissopimus Derived byEMN from the Schengen acquis
FR convention deSchengen F
GA Coinbhinsin Schengen
Synonym
HU Schengeni Egyezmny
IT Convenzione diSchengen
Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement G
LT engeno konvencija
LV engenas konvencija
Related terms H
Schengen Agreement
MT Kodii tal-Fruntieri / tal-Konfini ta Schengen
NL Schengen Uitvoeringsovereenkomst
Schengen Borders Code I
PL Konwencja Wykonawcza doUkadu zSchengen
PT J
RO Convenia Schengen
SK Schengensk dohovor K
SL Schengenska konvencija
SV Schengenkonventionen L
NO Schengen-konvensjonen
M
N
Schengen Borders Code O
BG Definition
P
CS Schengensk hranin kodex The rules governing border control ofpersons crossing the
DE Schengener Grenzkodex external EUborders ofthe Member States ofthe European
Q
EL Union.
ES Cdigo defronteras Schengen R
ET Schengeni piirieeskirjad
FI Schengenin rajasnnst
Source
Derived bythe EMN from Regulation (EC) No562/2006 (Schengen S
FR code frontires Schengen
Borders Code)
GA Cd Teorainneacha Schengen T
HU Schengeni hatr-ellenrzsi kdex
Related terms
IT codice frontiere Schengen U
border control
LT engeno sien kodeksas
external EUborder
LV engenas Robeu kodekss
MT Konvenzjoni (Il-) ta Schengen
internal EUborder V
irregular entry
NL Schengengrenscode
PL kodeks graniczny Schengen
legal entry W
refusal ofentry
PT Cdigo das Fronteiras Schengen
RO Schengen Agreement X
Schengen Convention
SK Kdex schengenskch hranc
SL Zakonik oschengenskih mejah Schengen Information System Y
SV kodex omSchengengrnserna
NO Schengen-regelverket Z
257
S BG
CS
DE

Schengensk informan systm
Schengener Informationssystem
Definition
A joint information system that enables the relevant authorities
ineach Member State, bymeans ofan automated search proce-
EL dure, tohave access toalerts onpersons and property for the
ES Sistema deInformacin deSchengen purposes ofborder checks and other police and customs checks
ET Schengeni infossteem carried out within the country inaccordance with national law
FI Schengenin tietojrjestelm and, for some specific categories ofalerts (Art.96), for the pur-
FR Systme dinformation Schengen
poses ofissuing visas, residence permits and the administra-
GA Cras Faisnise Schengen
tion oflegislation onaliens inthe context ofthe application
HU Schengeni Informcis Rendszer
ofthe provisions ofthe Schengen Convention relating tothe
IT Sistema diInformazione Schengen
movement ofpersons.
LT engeno informacin sistema
LV engenas informcijas sistma
MT Sistema ta Informazzjoni Schengen
Source
NL Schengeninformatiesysteem Derived byEMN from the Schengen acquis
PL System Informacji Schengen
PT Sistema deInformao deSchengen Synonyms
second-generation Schengen Information System
RO Sistemul deInformaii Schengen
SIS
SK Schengensk informan systm
SL Schengenski informacijski sistem SIS II
SV Schengens informationssystem
NO Schengen informasjonssystem Related terms
Schengen Agreement
Schengen Convention
Note
The second-generation Schengen Information System (SISII)
was launched inApril 2013with enhanced functionalities, such
asthe possibility touse biometrics, new types ofalerts, the pos-
sibility tolink different alerts (such asan alert onaperson and
avehicle) and afacility for direct queries onthe system. SISII
also contains copies ofEuropean arrest warrants (EAW), which
are recognised ashaving the same legal value asthe originals,
making iteasier and quicker for the competent authorities
toensure the necessary follow-up. For more information, see the
DGHome e-Library Glossary.
258
A
school pupil
B
BG Definition
CS k In the EUmigration context, athird-country national admitted C
DE Schler tothe territory ofaMember State tofollow arecognised pro-
EL gramme ofsecondary education inthe context ofan exchange D
ES escolar scheme operated byan organisation recognised for that purpose
ET koolipilane bythe Member State inaccordance with its national legislation E
FI oppilas oradministrative practice.
FR lve F
GA dalta scoile
Source
HU tanul
IT alunno
Derived byEMN from Art.2(c) ofCouncil Directive 2004/114/EC G
(Student Directive) and Art.3(d) ofProposal for aDirective
LT mokinys
LV skolns
onthe conditions ofentry and residence ofthird-country nation- H
als for the purposes ofresearch, studies, pupil exchange, remu-
MT Tifel (Tifla) tal-iskola
NL scholier nerated and unremunerated training, voluntary service and I
PL ucze aupairing, COM(2013) 151final
PT aluno J
RO elev Related terms
SK iak researcher K
SL uenec / olar student
SV elev L
NO skoleelev (b) / skuleelev(n) Note
On 25March 2013, the European Commission published apro- M
posal ofthe Council Directive onthe conditions ofentry and
residence ofthird-country nationals for the purposes N
ofresearch, studies, pupil exchange, remunerated and unre-
munerated training, voluntary service and aupairing (Recast
Students Directive, COM(2013) 151final) which maintains the
O
definition ofthe original version.
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
259
S BG
CS
DE
seasonal worker

seznn pracovnk
Saisonarbeiter
Definition
A third-country national who retains their principal place ofres-
idence inathird country and stays legally and temporarily
EL inthe territory ofaMember State tocarry out anactivity
ES trabajador detemporada extranjero dependent onthe passing ofthe seasons, under one ormore
ET hooajaline (vr)ttaja fixed-term work contracts concluded directly between that
FI kausityntekij third-country national and the employer established inthat
FR travailleur saisonnier
Member State.
GA oibr sasrach
HU szezonlis munkavllal migrns
Source
IT lavoratore stagionale
Art.3ofDirective 2014/36/EU (Seasonal Workers Directive)
LT sezoninis darbuotojas
LV sezonas strdnieks
MT addiem stajonali / tal-istaun
Synonyms
seasonal migrant
NL buitenlandse seizoensarbeider
seasonal worker migrant
PL migrant (pracownik sezonowy)
PT migrante trabalhador sasonal
RO lucrtor / muncitor sezonier Related terms
circular migration
SK seznny zamestnanec / seznny pracovnk
SL sezonski delavec contract migrant worker
SV ssongsarbetare
NO sesongarbeider (b) / sesongarbeidar(n) Note
This term isspecifically referring toathird-country national,
although itis known that other types ofseasonal workers exist,
e.g. for nationals within the same country, aswell asintra-EU
seasonal workers.
260
A
second-generation migrant
B
BG Definition
CS migrant druh generace A person who was born inand isresiding inacountry that C
DE Migrant der zweiten Generation atleast one oftheir parents previously entered asamigrant.
EL D
ES inmigrante desegunda generacin Source
ET teise plvkonna sisserndaja Developed byEMN E
FI toisen polven maahanmuuttaja
FR migrant dela deuxime gnration F
Synonym
GA imirceach den dara glin second-generation immigrant
HU Migrns (msodik genercis)
IT migrante diseconda generazione
G
Broader term
LT antros kartos migrantas
LV otrs paaudzes migrants
person with amigratory background H
MT Migrant(a) tat-ieni enerazzjoni
NL tweedegeneratie allochtoon Related terms I
first-generationmigrant
(syn:tweedegeneratiemigrant)
PL migrant drugiego pokolenia third-generation migrant J
PT Migrante desegunda gerao
RO migrant (a doua generaie) Notes K
SK migrant [z] druhej genercie 1.This term isnot defined inlegislation but has amore sociolog-
SL migrant druge generacije ical context; abroad definition encompassing the concept L
SV andra generationens invandrare ofasecond-generation migrant has been used.
NO person med toinnvandrerforeldre (b) / M
personmedtoinnvandrarforeldre(n) 2.Strictly this term does not relate toamigrant, since the per-
son concerned has not undertaken amigration, but the term N
isincluded asit iscommonly used inpublications and the media.
3.According tothe Recommendations for the 2010Censuses

O
ofPopulation and Housing, the group referred toas second-
generation isgenerally restricted tothose persons whose par-
P
ents were born abroad, whereas those persons having one par-
ent born inthe country and the other one born abroad represent
Q
aspecial case (they form the group ofpersons with amixed
background). Asexplained in1. above, abroader definition was R
considered more appropriate for the work ofthe EMN.
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
261
S BG
CS
DE
secondary movement of migrants

druhotn pohyb migrant
Sekundrmigration
Definition
The phenomenon ofmigrants, including refugees and asylum
seekers, who for different reasons move from the country
EL inwhich they first arrived toseek protection orpermanent
ES movimientos migratoris secundarios resettlement elsewhere.
ET sisserndajate teisene (riikidevaheline) liikumine
FI maahanmuuttajien toissijainen siirtyminen Source
FR mouvement secondaire demigrants
Derived byEMN from UNHCR Executive Committee (ExCom)
GA athghluaiseacht imirceach
Conclusion No58 (1989)
HU msodlagos migrcis mozgs
IT movimento secondario dimigranti
Synonyms
LT migrant pakartotinis judjimas
irregular secondary movement ofmigrants
LV migrantu tlka prvietoans
secondary migrant
MT Moviment sekondarju ta migranti
secondary movement ofasylum seekers and refugees
NL secundaire migratiestroom
PL wtrny przepyw migrantw
PT Broader term
irregular migration
RO micare secundar amigranilor
SK sekundrny pohyb migrantov
SL sekundarno gibanje migrantov Narrower term
SV sekundr migration asylum shopping
NO sekundrflytting
Note
This movement iswithout the prior consent ofthe national
authorities, without anentry visa, orwith noor insufficient doc-
umentation normally required for travel purposes, orwith false
orfraudulent documentation.
262
A
segregation
B
BG Definition
CS segregace The act bywhich a(natural orlegal) person separates other per- C
DE Segregation sons onthe basis ofrace, colour, language, religion, nationality
EL ornational orethnic origin without anobjective and reasonable D
ES segregacin justification.
ET eraldamine E
FI segregaatio Source
FR sgrgation F
European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI):
GA deighilt (agus deighilt arbhonn cine, reiligiin,
General Policy Recommendation No7: National legislation
srlddteastdh s)
HU szegregci
tocombat racism and racial discrimination G
IT segregazione
LT segregacija
Broader term H
discrimination
LV segregcija
MT Segregazzjoni / Twarrib I
NL segregatie
PL segregacja J
PT
RO segregare K
SK segregcia
SL segregacija / izloevanje L
SV segregation
NO segregering M
N
self-employed person O
BG Definition
P
CS osoba samostatn vdlen inn (OSV) A person who isthe sole orjoint owner ofthe unincorporated
DE Selbststndiger, selbststndig erwerbsttige enterprise (one that has not been incorporated, i.e. formed into
Q
Person(LU) alegal corporation) inwhich they work, unless they are also
EL inpaid employment which istheir main activity. (In that case, R
ES trabajador por cuanta propia
ET fsilisest isikust ettevtja
they are considered tobe employees.)
S
FI itseninen ammatinharjoittaja
Source
FR travailleur indpendant
Eurostats Concepts and Definitions Database T
GA duine finfhostaithe
HU nfoglalkoztatott szemly U
Related terms
IT lavoratore autonomo
employee
LT savarankikai dirbantis asmuo
LV panodarbinta persona
employer V
MT Persuna tadem gal rasha
NL zelfstandige Note W
PL osoba samozatrudniona According toILOs ICSE-93, self-employment jobs are those jobs
PT where the remuneration isdirectly dependent upon the profits X
RO asociat (or the potential for profits) derived from the goods and services
SK samostatne zrobkovo inn osoba / SZO produced (where own consumption isconsidered tobe part Y
SL samozaposlena oseba ofthe profits). The incumbents make the operational decisions
SV egenfretagare affecting the enterprise, ordelegate such decisions while retain- Z
NO selvstendig sysselsatt (b) / sjlvstendig sysselsett(n) ing responsibility for the welfare ofthe enterprise. (In this con-
text, enterprise includes one-person operations.)
263
S BG
CS
DE
separated child
no translation
nezletil bez doprovodu
alleinstehendes Kind
Definition
A child under 18years ofage who isoutside their country
oforigin and separated from both parents ortheir previous
EL ( ) legal / customary primary caregiver.
ES menor separado
ET vanematest eraldatud laps Source
FI huoltajasta erilleen joutunut lapsi Art.8ofUN Committee onthe Rights ofthe Child, General
FR enfant spar
Comment No6and FRA: Study onseparated, asylum seeking
GA piste dealaithe
children inEU Member States, 2010
HU ksr nlkli kiskor
IT minore separato
Narrower term
LT atskirtas nuo tv vaikas
unaccompanied minor
LV bez vecku vai aizbildu gdbas palicis brns
MT Tifel /Tifla mifrud(a) // separat(a)
NL alleenstaand kind Notes
PL maoletni bez opieki 1.This definition covers both third-country-national and EU-
PT criana separada national children.
RO minor nensoit / separat
SK odlen diea 2.Achild may betotally alone while another may beliving with
SL otrok brez spremstva extended family members. All such children are separated chil-
SV separerade barn dren and entitled tointernational protection under abroad
NO enslig barn (b) / einsleg barn(n) range ofinternational and regional instruments.
serious harm
BG Definition
CS vn jma Harm consisting of(a) the death penalty orexecution; or(b) tor-
DE ernsthafter Schaden ture orinhuman ordegrading treatment orpunishment ofan
EL applicant inthe country oforigin; or(c) serious and individual
ES daos graves threat toacivilians life orperson byreason ofindiscriminate
ET tsine oht / kahju violence insituations ofinternational orinternal armed conflict.
FI vakava haitta
FR atteinte grave
Source
GA dobhil thromchiseach
Art.15ofDirective 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive)

HU slyos veszly
IT danno grave
Narrower term
LT didel ala
real risk ofsuffering serious harm
LV smags kaitjums
MT Dannu(-i) serju(-i)
NL ernstige schade Related terms
persecution
PL powana krzywda
torture
PT
RO vtmare grav
SK vne bezprvie
SL resna koda
SV allvarlig skada
NO alvorlig skade (b) / alvorleg skade(n)
264
A
sex
B
BG Definition
CS pohlav The biological characteristics ofaperson, predominantly female C
DE biologisches Geschlecht ormale.
EL D
ES sexo Source
ET sugu Derived byEMN from E
FI sukupuoli UN Woman website
FR sexe F
and EuropeAid Glossary ofgender and development terms
GA gnas
HU (biolgiai) nem
IT sesso
Related term G
gender
LT lytis
LV dzimums
H
MT Sess
NL sekse, geslacht (syn.) I
PL pe
PT sexo J
RO sex
SK pohlavie K
SL spol
SV kn L
NO kjnn
M
N
short-term migrant O
BG Definition
P
CS krtkodob migrant A person who moves toacountry other than that oftheir usual
DE kurzfristig aufhltiger Migrant, Kurzzeit-Migrant, residence for aperiod ofat least three months but less than
Q
temporrer Migrant ayear (12months) except incases where the movement tothat
EL / country isfor purposes ofrecreation, holiday, visits tofriends R
ES persona migrante decarcter temporal
ET lhiajaline sisserndaja
orrelatives, business, medical treatment orreligious pilgrimage.
S
FI tilapiseksi ajaksi muuttava henkil
Source
FR migrant decourte dure
Derived by EMN from the UN Recommendations on Statistics of T
GA imirceach gearrthrimhseach
International Migration and OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms
HU this term isnot used, U
IT migrante dibreve termine
LT trumpalaikis migrantas
Broader term
LV stermia migrants
migrant V
MT Migrant(a) gal mien qasir / gal ftit mien
NL kortverblijvende migrant (syn.: kortdurige migrant) Related terms W
emigrant
PL migrant krtkookresowy
PT migrante decurta durao immigrant X
long-termmigrant
RO migrant petermen scurt
SK krtkodob migrant temporary migration Y
SL migrant zakraje obdobje
SV korttidsmigrant Note Z
NO migrant med kortvarig opphold (b) / For purposes ofinternational migration statistics, the country
migrantmedkortvarig opphald(n) ofusual residence ofshort-term migrants isconsidered tobe
the country ofdestination during the period they spend init.
265
S BG
CS
DE

krtkodob migrace
kurzfristige Migration, Kurzzeit-Migration
Definition
Movement ofindividuals who change their country ofusual res-
idence for aperiod ofat least three months but less than ayear
EL (12months) except incases where the movement tothat coun-
ES migracin decorta duracin try isfor purposes ofrecreation, holiday, visits tofriends orrel-
ET lhiajaline sissernne atives, business, medical treatment orreligious pilgrimage.
FI lyhytaikainen maahanmuutto
FR migration decourte dure
Source
GA imirce ghearrthrimhseach
Derived byEMN from the UNRecommendations onStatistics
HU rvid-tv migrci
ofInternational Migration and OECD Glossary ofStatistical Terms
IT migrazione dibreve termine
LT trumpalaik migracija
LV stermia migrcija
Broader term
migration
MT Via gal jara / waqfa qasira //
Viagalftittamien
NL korte-termijnmigratie Related terms
long-term migration
PL migracja krtkookresowa
temporary migration
PT
RO migraie petermen scurt
SK krtkodob migrcia
SL migracija zakraje obdobje
SV korttidsmigration
NO korttidsmigrasjon
short-stay visa
BG Definition
CS krtkodob vzum The authorisation ordecision ofaMember State with aview
DE Visum fr den kurzfristigen Aufenthalt totransit through oran intended stay onthe territory ofone
EL ormore orall the Member States ofaduration ofno more than
ES visado para estancia decorta duracin 90days inany 180-day period.
ET lhiajaline viisa
FI lyhytaikainen viisumi Source
FR visa decourt sjour
Art.2(2) ofRegulation (EU) No610/2013 (Visa Code Regulation)
GA vosa gearrchuairte
and Art.2(m) ofRegulation (EU) No604/2013 (Dublin III

HU rvid tv tartzkodsra jogost vzum
Regulation)
IT visto per soggiorno dibreve durata
LT trumpalaik viza
LV stermia vza
Synonyms
short-term visa
MT Migrazzjoni gal perjodu qasir
transit visa
NL visum voor kort verblijf
PL wiza krtkoterminowa
PT visto de curta durao Broader term
visa
RO viz descurt edere
SK krtkodob vzum
SL vizum zakratkorono prebivanje Related terms
SV visering fr kortare vistelse airport transit visa
NO besksvisum long-stay visa
266
A
single application procedure
B
BG Definition
CS jednotn postup vyizovn dost A procedure leading, onthe basis ofasingle application made C
DE einheitliches Antragsverfahren byathird-country national, orby their employer, for the
EL authorisation ofresidence and work inthe territory ofaMember D
ES procedimiento nico desolicitud State, toadecision ruling onthat application for the single
ET htne taotlemismenetlus permit. E
FI yhden hakemuksen menettely
FR procdure dedemande unique F
Source
GA ns imeachta aoniarratais
Art.2(d) ofDirective 2011/98/EU (Single Permit Directive)
HU sszevont krelmezsi eljrs
IT procedura unica didomanda
G
Related term
LT viena praym pateikimo procedra
LV vienota pieteikans procedra
single permit H
MT Proedura ta applikazzjoni /
talbawadagalkullpersuna I
NL n enkele aanvraagprocedure
PL procedura jednolitego wniosku J
PT procedimento de pedido nico
RO Procedur unic K
SK jednotn postup vybavovania iadost
SL enotni postopek zaobravnavanje vloge L
SV ett enda anskningsfrfarande
NO samlet prosedyre omopphold ogarbeid (b) / M
samlaprosedyre omopphald ogarbeid(n)
N
single permit O
BG Definition
P
CS jednotn povolen A residence permit issued bythe authorities ofaMember State
DE kombinierte Erlaubnis after asingle application procedure allowing athird-country
Q
EL national toreside legally inits territory for the purpose ofwork.
ES permiso nico R
ET htne luba
FI yhdistelmlupa
Source
Derived byEMN from Art.2(d) ofDirective 2011/98/EU (Single S
FR permis unique
Permit Directive)
GA ceadnas aoniarratais T
HU sszevont engedly
Broader term
IT permesso unico U
residence permit
LT vienas leidimas
LV vienota atauja
MT Permess gal persuna wada
Related term V
single application procedure
NL gecombineerde vergunning
PL jednolite zezwolenie
W
PT autorizao nica Note
RO permis unic A single permit isacombined title encompassing both residence X
SK jednotn povolenie napobyt azamestnanie and work permits within asingle administrative act based
SL enotno dovoljenje onacommon set ofrights for third-country workers legally Y
SV kombinerat tillstnd residing inaMember State.
NO samlet tillatelse (b) / samla lyve(n) Z
267
S BG
CS
DE
smuggling of migrants

paovn migrant
Schleusung von Migranten
Definition
The procurement, inorder toobtain, directly orindirectly,
afinancial orother material benefit, ofthe irregular entry
EL ofaperson into aMember State ofwhich the person isnot
ES trfico deinmigrantes anational orapermanent resident.
ET sisserndajate ebaseaduslik le piiri toimetamine
FI maahanmuuttajien salakuljettaminen Source
FR trafic dtres humains
Art. 3 ofUN Protocol against the Smuggling ofMigrants byLand,
GA smuigleil imirceach
Sea and Air, supplementing the UNConvention against
HU embercsempszs
Transnational Organised Crime
IT traffico dimigranti
LT neteistas migrant gabenimas
LV migrantu kontrabanda
Note
The UNProtocol was approved byCouncil Decision 2006/616/EC.
MT Ku(n)trabandu ta migranti
NL mensensmokkel
PL przemyt migrantw
PT auxlio imigrao ilegal
RO contaband cumigrani
SK prevdzastvo migrantov
SL tihotapljanje migrantov
SV smuggling avmigranter
NO menneskesmugling
social exclusion
BG Definition
CS sociln vylouen In the EUcontext, asituation whereby aperson isprevented (or
DE soziale Ausgrenzung excluded) from contributing toand benefiting from economic
EL and social progress.
ES exclusin social
ET sotsiaalne trjutus Source
FI sosiaalinen syrjytyminen Developed byEMN from the website ofthe European
FR exclusion sociale
Commission, DGEmployment and Social Affairs
GA eisiamh sisialta
HU trsadalmi kirekeszts
Related term
IT esclusione sociale
social inclusion
LT socialin atskirtis
LV socil atstumtba
MT Tisbita / Tbarrija sojali / dumping sojali
NL sociale uitsluiting
PL wykluczenie spoeczne
PT excluso social
RO excludere social
SK socilne vylenie / socilna exklzia
SL socialna izkljuenost
SV social utestngning
NO sosial eksklusjon / sosial ekskludering
268
A
social dumping
B
BG Definition
CS sociln dumping The practice whereby workers are given pay and / or working and C
DE Sozialdumping living conditions which are sub-standard compared tothose
EL specified bylaw orcollective agreements inthe relevant labour D
ES dumping social market, orotherwise prevalent there.
ET sotsiaalne dumping E
FI sosiaalinen polkumyynti Source
FR dumping social F
Derived byEMN from the Norwegian Regulations regarding
GA dumpil shisialta (nor aistrodh ancoincheap
workers from the new EUMember States
idteangacha eile), coinnolacha oibre faoi bhun
G
anchaighdein
Narrower term
HU szocilis dmping
IT dumping sociale
wage dumping H
LT socialinis dempingas
LV socilais dempings Notes I
MT Esklujoni sojali 1.There isno clear, universally accepted definition ofsocial
NL sociale dumping dumping. J
PL dumping socjalny
PT 2.Inthe EUcontext, this practice usually refers toEU / EFTA and K
RO dumping social third-country nationals.
SK socilny damping / socilny dumping L
SL socialni damping
SV social dumpning M
NO sosial dumping
N
social inclusion O
BG Definition
P
CS sociln zalenen In the EUcontext, aframework for national strategy develop-
DE soziale Eingliederung ment, aswell asfor policy coordination between the Member
Q
EL not used States, onissues relating totackling poverty and social
ES inclusin social exclusion. R
ET sotsiaalne kaasatus
FI sosiaalinen osallisuus Source S
FR inclusion sociale
Derived byEMN from DGEmployment and Social Affairs
GA cuimsi sisialta T
HU trsadalmi befogads
Related term
IT inclusione sociale U
social exclusion
LT socialin trauktis
LV socil iekauana
MT Inklujoni sojali
V
NL sociale insluiting
PL wczenie spoeczne
W
PT incluso social
RO includere social X
SK socilne zalenenie / socilna inklzia
SL socialna vkljuenost Y
SV social integration
NO sosial inkludering Z
269
S BG
CS
DE
social protection benefits

dvky sociln ochrany
Sozialschutzleistungen
Definition
Transfers, in cash or in kind, by social protection schemes to
households and individuals to relieve them of the burden of one
EL or more of the risks defined in the European Commissions
ES prestaciones deasistencia social Mutual Information System on Social Protection.
ET sotsiaalse kaitse hvitised
FI sosiaalietuudet, sosiaaliturvaetuudet Source
FR prestations deprotection sociale
Derived byEMN from Art.2ofCouncil Regulation (EC)
GA sochair choimirce sisialta
No458/2007 (ESSPROS Regulation) and European Commissions
HU szocilis vdelmi juttatsok
Mutual Information System onSocial Protection (MISSOC)
IT prestazione diprotezione sociale
LT socialins imokos
LV socils drobas sistmas pabalsti
Narrower term
access tohealthcare
MT Benefiji ta protezzjoni sojali
NL sociale uitkeringen
PL zasiki zopieki spoecznej Note
PT The European Commissions Mutual Information System
RO beneficii ale proteciei sociale onSocial Protection uses the following categorisation
SK dvky socilnej ochrany (EU acquis) / of11groups orbranches dedicated tospecific risks:
socilnapomoc(national law)
SL ugodnosti socialnega varstva -- healthcare,
SV sociala frmner -- sickness cash benefits,
NO ytelser knyttet til sosial sikkerhet (b) / -- maternity and paternity benefits,
ytingarknyttetil sosial tryggleik(n) -- invalidity benefits,
-- old-age pensions and benefits,
-- survivors benefits,
-- benefits inrespect ofaccidents atwork
andoccupationaldiseases,
-- family benefits,
-- unemployment benefits,
-- guaranteed minimum resources,
-- long-term care benefits.
270
A
social security
B
BG Definition
CS sociln zabezpen A right towhich every member ofsociety isentitled torealise C
DE soziale Sicherheit through national effort and international cooperation and
EL inaccordance with the organisation and resources ofeach state, D
ES seguridad social ofthe economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for their
ET sotsiaalkindlustus dignity and the free development oftheir personality. E
FI sosiaaliturva
FR scurit sociale F
Source
GA slndil shisialta
Art.22ofUniversal Declaration ofHuman Rights
HU trsadalombiztosts
IT sicurezza sociale
G
Note
LT socialin apsauga
LV socilais nodroinjums
According tothis concept, everyone has the right toastandard H
ofliving adequate for the health and well-being ofthemselves
MT Sigurt sojali
NL maatschappelijke zekerheid and oftheir families, including food, clothing, housing and med- I
PL zabezpieczenie socjalne ical care, and necessary social services, and the right tosecurity
PT inthe event ofunemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, J
RO securitate social old age orother lack oflivelihood incircumstances beyond their
SK socilne zabezpeenie control (Art.25ofthe Universal Declaration ofHuman Rights). K
SL socialna varnost
SV social trygghet L
NO trygd
M
N
sponsor O
BG Definition
P
CS osoba usilujc oslouen rodiny / In the global context, aperson orentity which undertakes
nositelprvnanaslouen rodiny a(legal, financial orpersonal) engagement, promise orpledge,
Q
DE Zusammenfhrender, Sponsor onbehalf ofanother.
EL In the EUcontext offamily reunification, athird-country R
ES reagrupante
ET sponsor
national residing lawfully inaMember State and applying,
orwhose family members apply, for family reunification tobe S
FI perheenkokoaja
joined with them.
FR regroupant T
GA urraitheoir
Source
HU csaldegyest (note: asponsor only incontext U
General context: developed byEMN
offamily reunification)
EU context: Art.2(c) ofCouncil Directive 2003/86/EC (Family
IT sponsor
Reunification Directive) V
LT globjas
LV galvotjs / garanttjs
MT Garanti / Sponsor Related terms W
dependant
NL gezinshereniger (NL syn.: referent, hoofdpersoon)
PL sponsor family member X
PT requerente doreagrupamento familiar
RO sponsor Y
SK garant
SL sponzor / pokrovitelj Z
SV referensperson
NO referanseperson / sponsor
271
S BG
CS
DE
spontaneous migration
no translation
spontnn migrace
spontane Migration
Definition
The movement ofaperson oragroup ofpersons who initiate
and proceed with their migration plans without any outside
EL assistance.
ES migracin espontnea
ET spontaanne rnne Source
FI spontaani / oma-aloitteinen maahanmuutto IOM Glossary onMigration, 2nd ed., 2011
FR migration spontane
GA imirce spontineach
Broader term
HU spontn migrci
migration
IT migrazione spontanea
LT spontanika migracija
LV spontna migrcija
Related term
immigration programme
MT Migrazzjoni spontanja
NL spontane migratie
PL spontaniczna migracja Notes
PT migrao espontnea 1.Spontaneous migration isusually caused bypush-pull factors
RO migraie spontan and ischaracterised bythe lack ofstate assistance orany other
SK spontnna migrcia type ofinternational ornational assistance.
SL spontana migracija
SV spontan migration 2.The term isnot incommon use.
NO spontan migrasjon
stateless person
BG Definition
CS osoba bez sttn pslunosti / bezdomovec Person who isnot considered asanational byany state under
DE Staatenloser the operation ofits law.
EL
ES aptrida Source
ET kodakondsuseta isik Art.1ofUN Convention relating tothe Status ofStateless Persons
FI kansalaisuudeton
FR apatride Note
GA duine gan stt
The definition also includes aperson whose nationality isnot

HU hontalan
established.
IT apolide
LT asmuo bepilietybs
LV bezvalstnieks
MT Persuna apolida / bla stat
NL staatloze
PL bezpastwowiec
PT aptrida
RO apatrid
SK osoba bez ttneho obianstva /
osobabezttnejprslunosti
SL apatrid / oseba brez dravljanstva
SV statsls
NO statsls person (b) / statslaus person(n)
272
A
statutory refugee
B
CS uprchlk Person considered tobe arefugee (according tothe criteria C
DE statutrer Flchtling ofArt.1A(I) ofthe Geneva Convention of1951) under the pro-
EL vision ofthe international instruments preceding the Geneva D
ES refugiado bajo instrumentos anteriores Convention of1951oraperson who has been recognised
alaConvencin de1951 asarefugee bythe former International Refugee Organisation E
ET statuudipagulane during the period ofits activities.
FI pakolaisaseman saanut henkil / F
sntmrinenpakolainen
Source
FR rfugi statutaire
Derived byEMN from the UNHCR International Thesaurus G
GA ddeana de rir reachta
ofRefugee Terminology
HU trtnelmi meneklt
IT rifugiato titolare dello status prima della
H
Convenzione diGinevra del 1951
Notes
LT pabglis pagal susitarimus
1.These instruments are: the Arrangements with regard I
LV [envas konvencijas] stattbglis toRussian and Armenian Refugees of12May 1926, the
MT Rifujat(a) statutarju(-a) Arrangement with regard toTurkish and Assyrian Refugees J
NL erkende vluchteling (syn.: verdragsvluchteling) of30June 1928, the Conventions of28October 1933and
PL uchodca statutowy 10February 1938, the Protocol of14September 1939and K
PT refugiados estatutrios the Constitution ofthe International Refugee Organisation.
RO refugiat statutar L
SK tatutrny uteenec 2.This type ofstatus isnormally nolonger granted, although the
SL statusni begunec term isstill used bythe UNHCR inits activities. M
SV konventionsflykting
NO statuttflyktning N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
273
S BG
CS
DE
Stockholm Programme

poet cizinc - stav k
Stockholmer Programm
Definition
A five-year political, strategic document describing the focus
ofcooperation inthe policy areas ofjustice and home affairs
EL ofthe Member States ofthe European Union for the years
ES 2010to2014.
ET Stockholmi programm
FI Tukholman ohjelma Source
FR Programme deStockholm
Communication on an area of freedom, security and justice
GA Clr Stclm
serving the citizen (Stockholm Programme), COM(2009) 262
HU Stockholmi Program
IT Programma diStoccolma
Notes
LT usieniei skaiius
1.The Stockholm Programme isthe third programme inthis
LV Stokholmas programma
area. The first programme was adopted in1999inTampere. The
MT Rendikont tal-barranin
NL Programma van Stockholm second programme, the Hague Programme, was adopted
PL Program Sztokholmski in2004and expired inDecember 2009.
PT
RO 2.The Programme contains guidelines for common politics
SK tokholmsk program onthe topics ofprotection offundamental rights, privacy, minor-
SL Stockholmski program ity rights and the rights ofgroups ofpeople inneed ofspecial
SV Stockholmsprogrammet protection, aswell ascitizenship ofthe European Union. The pro-
NO Stockholm-programmet gramme also outlined plans for measures inthe area ofbor-
der-crossing data exchange between State authorities and
surveillance ofthe Internet. The Programmes work programme
also attaches great importance tohow the EUshould work
toguarantee respect for fundamental freedoms and privacy,
while guaranteeing security inEurope. Chapter 5 specifically out-
lines the priorities in migration and asylum matters ( based on
the principles and objectives of the Pact on Immigration and
Asylum). It underlines that solidarity is an important objective of
a common immigration and asylum policy and that the EU
should provide support to Member States most exposed to
migratory pressures.
3.For more information, see the Communication onthe Stockholm

Programme.
274
A
stock of foreigners
B
BG Definition
CS Stockholmsk program The number offoreign nationals inagiven area onacertain C
DE Bestand der auslndischen Wohnbevlkerung date (e.g. 1January or31December) ofthe year inquestion.
EL D
ES Programa deEstocolmo Source
ET vlisriigi kodanike arv kindlal territooriumil, Developed byEMN E
teatudaja seisuga
FI ulkomaalaisvstn mr F
Broader term
FR stock dtrangers foreign population ofacountry
GA lon eachtrannach
HU
G
Narrower term
IT stock dipopolazione straniera
LT Stokholmo programa
migrant stock H
LV rzemnieku skaits (1.janvr)
MT Programm (Il-) ta Stokkolma Related term I
population stock
NL bevolking van buitenlandse nationaliteit
PL populacja cudzoziemcw wdanym momencie J
PT Notes
RO 1.The term isadded because ofthe two methods used tocalcu- K
SK poet cudzincov / stav cudzincov late population stock.
SL tevilo tujcev / zaloga tujecv L
SV antal utlndska medborgare 2.Foreign stock can include migrants plus those born inagiven
NO antall utenlandske borgere (b) / area toforeign parents living ingiven area. M
talputanlandskeborgarar(n)
N
stranded migrant O
P
CS cizinec, ktermu brn vevycestovn pekka A migrant who for reasons beyond their control has been unin-
najeho vli nezvisl tentionally forced tostay inacountry.
Q
DE gestrandeter Migrant (term isnot used inAT,DE, LU)
EL Source R
ES migrante desamparado
ET juhusisserndaja (no usual translation)
Developed byEMN
S
FI maahan jmn joutunut siirtolainen /
Notes
Nousualtranslation
1.There isno legal definition ofthe term stranded migrant; T
FR migrant endtresse
however, the term has been used byacademics and organisa-
GA imirceach sinnithe U
tions such asIOM since 2006.
HU megfeneklett migrnsok
IT migrante bloccato
2.According toUNESCO, migrants may become stranded due V
LT migrantas, atsidrs sunkioje padtyje
tocircumstances inthe country oforigin, aposition ofprolonged
LV grt stvokl noncis migrants
MT Migrant(a) imwaal (imwala) fil-post detention orpractical difficulties. Stranded migrants may beindi- W
NL gestrande migrant viduals whose claim for refugee status has been rejected.
PL migrant przymusowy X
PT 3.For further information, see UNESCOs People onthe Move
RO migrant forat srmn peteritoriu Handbook: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0016/001636/ Y
SK uviaznut migrant 163621e.pdf
SL ujeti migrant / nasedli migrant Z
SV strandad migrant
NO migrant med ptvunget opphold (b) /
migrantmedptvinga opphald(n)
275
S BG
CS
Strategic Committee on Immigration, Frontiers and Asylum
,

Strategick vbor pro pisthovalectv, hranice aazyl
Definition
A forum for the exchange ofinformation amongst the Member
States, consisting ofsenior officials inthe fields ofasylum,
DE Strategisches Komitee fr Einwanderungs-, immigration and frontiers, which aims toimplement aEuropean
Grenz-und Asylfragen Union strategic approach tomatters related toasylum, immigra-
EL , tion and frontiers.

ES Comit Estratgico de Inmigracin, Fronteras y Asilo Source
ET Rnde-, piiri- javarjupaigateema strateegiakomitee
Note from the President ofthe EUCouncil toSCIFA, Document
FI Maahanmuutto-, raja- jaturvapaikka-asioiden
17476/10
strateginen komitea
FR Comit stratgique sur limmigration,
Synonym
lesfrontiresetlasile
SCIFA
GA an Coiste Straitiseach um Inimirce,
Teorainneachaagus Tearmann
HU Bevndorlssal, Hatrokkal sMenekltggyel
Related term
High-LevelWorking Group onAsylum
Foglalkoz Stratgiai Bizottsg
IT Comitato Strategico inmateria diImmigrazione, andMigration
Frontiere eAsilo
LT Imigracijos, sien irprieglobsio strateginis komitetas Notes
LV Imigrcijas, robeu unpatvruma jautjumu 1.SCIFA was set upas part ofanew working structure topre-
stratisk komiteja pare the Councils discussions with regard toimmigration, fron-
MT Kumitat Strateiku dwar l-Immigrazzjoni, tiers and asylum. SCIFA focuses onin-depth discussions
ilFruntieriul-Ail onissues ofamore strategic nature, such aspolitically impor-
NL Strategisch Comit immigratie, grenzen enasiel tant issues and issues ofahorizontal orcross-cutting character
PL Strategiczny Komitet ds. Imigracji, Granic iAzylu todeal with questions arising from Articles 62, 63and 64ofthe
PT Comit Estratgico Imigrao, Fronteiras eAsilo Treaty ofthe European Community (TEC) with aview tosynthe-
RO Comitetul Strategic pentru Imigraie, Frontiere iAzil sising and, where necessary, solving them and togive substan-
SK Strategick vbor pre prisahovalectvo, hraniceaazyl tive input toCorepers discussions. SCIFA provides its conclusions
SL Strateki odbor zapriseljevanje, meje inazil toCoreper, after which they are considered bythe Justice and
SV Strategiska kommittn fr invandring, Home Affairs (JHA) Council.
grnserochasyl
NO Strategikomit for innvandrings-, 2.SCIFA can create Working Parties (e.g. Working Party onMigra-
grense-ogasylsprsml tion and Expulsion) toconsider indetail the specific proposals
tabled bythe European Commission. These Working Parties
report ontheir outcomes toSCIFA.
276
A
student
B
BG Definition
CS student In the EUmigration context, athird-country national accepted C
DE Student byan establishment ofhigher education and admitted tothe
EL / territory ofaMember State topursue astheir main activity D
ES estudiante afull-time course ofstudy leading toahigher education qualifi-
ET lipilane cation recognised bythe Member State, including diplomas, cer- E
FI opiskelija tificates ordoctoral degrees, which may cover apreparatory
FR tudiant F
course prior tosuch education according toits national
GA mac linn
legislation.
HU dik
IT studente
G
Source
LT studentas
LV students
Art.2(b) ofCouncil Directive 2004/114/EC (Student Directive) H
MT Student(a)
NL student Related terms I
researcher
PL student
PT estudante school pupil J
RO student
SK tudent K
SL tudent
SV student L
NO Student
M
N
subsequent application for international protection
O
BG Definition
P
CS nsledn dost (o mezinrodn ochranu) A further application for international protection made after
DE Folgeantrag auf internationalen Schutz a final decision has been taken onaprevious application,
Q
EL
including cases where the applicant has explicitly withdrawn
ES solicitud posterior deproteccin internacional
their application and cases where the determining authority R
ET jrgnev / teine rahvusvahelise kaitse taotlus
FI
FR
myhempi kansainvlist suojelua koskeva hakemus
demande ultrieure deprotection internationale
has rejected anapplication following its implicit withdrawal
inaccordance with Art.28 (1) ofDirective 2013/32/EU. S
GA iarratas iardain archosaint idirnisinta T
HU kvetkez menedkkrelem
Source
IT domanda reiterata diprotezione internazionale Art.2(q) ofDirective 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures
Directive) U
LT pakartotinis praymas suteikti prieglobst
LV atkrtots pieteikums par starptautisks aizsardzbas
statusa pieiranu Broader term V
MT Applikazzjoni / Talba sussegwenti gall-protezzjoni
internazzjonali W
NL volgend verzoek ominternationale bescherming
PL kolejny wniosek oochron midzynarodow X
PT
RO cerere ulterioar Y
SK nsledn iados omedzinrodn ochranu /
nsledniados oudelenie medzinrodnej ochrany Z
SL ponovna pronja zamednarodno zaito
SV efterfljande anskan ominternationellt skydd
NO ny sknad ominternasjonal beskyttelse (b) /
nysknad ominternasjonalt vern(n)
277
S BG
CS
DE

doplkov ochrana
subsidirer Schutz
Definition
The protection given toathird-country national orastateless
person who does not qualify asarefugee but inrespect
EL ofwhom substantial grounds have been shown for believing that
ES proteccin subsidiaria the person concerned, ifreturned totheir country oforigin, orin
ET tiendav kaitse the case ofastateless person totheir country offormer habitual
FI toissijainen suojelu residence, would face areal risk ofsuffering serious harm
FR protection subsidiaire
asdefined inArt.15of2011/95/EU, and towhom Art.17(1) and
GA cosaint choimhdeach
(2) ofDirective 2011/95/EU donot apply, and isunable or,
HU kiegszt vdelem
owing tosuch risk, unwilling toavail themselves ofthe protec-
IT protezione sussidiaria
tion ofthat country.
LT papildoma apsauga
LV alternatv aizsardzba
MT Protezzjoni sussidjarja
Source
NL subsidiaire bescherming Derived byEMN from Art.2(f) ofDirective 2011/95/EC (Recast
PL ochrona (uzupeniajca) Qualification Directive)
PT ochrona (uzupeniajca)
RO protecie subsidiar Broader term
SK doplnkov ochrana
SL subsidiarna zaita
SV subsidirt skydd Narrower term
NO subsidir beskyttelse (b) / subsidirt vern(n) person eligible for subsidiary protection
Related terms
(civil)
war refugee
Note
This term isnot used inUK (see humanitarian protection).
278
A
B
BG Definition
CS status doplkov ochrany The recognition byaMember State ofathird-country national C
DE subsidirer Schutzstatus orastateless person asaperson eligible for subsidiary
EL protection. D
ES estatuto deproteccin subsidiaria
ET tiendava kaitse seisund Source E
FI toissijainen suojeluasema Art.2(g) ofDirective 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive)
FR statut confr par laprotection subsidiaire F
GA stdas cosanta coimhd
Broader term
HU kiegszt vdelmi joglls
IT status diprotezione sussidiaria
subsidiary protection G
LT papildomos apsaugos statusas
LV alternatvs aizsardzbas statuss
Narrower term H
MT Status ta protezzjoni sussidjarja
NL subsidiairebeschermingsstatus I
PL status ochrony uzupeniajcej Related terms
PT estatuto deproteco subsidiria refugee status J
withdrawal ofinternational protection
RO statut deprotecie subsidiar
SK status doplnkovej ochrany / tatt doplnkovej ochrany K
SL status subsidiarne zaite
SV status som subsidirt skyddsbehvande L
NO status for subsidir beskyttelse (b) /
statusforsubsidirt vern(n) M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
279
S BG
CS
DE
suspensive effect

odkladn inek
aufschiebende Wirkung
Definition
A consequence ofan appeal, which suspends the enforceability
ofachallenged decision allowing the appellant toremain
T
EL inahost country pending the outcome.
ES efecto suspensivo
ET edasilkkav toime Source
FI lykkv vaikutus Developed byEMN
FR effet suspensif
GA ifeacht fionraochta
Synonyms
HU halaszt hatly
right toremain pending the examination ofan application
IT effetto sospensivo
right toremain pending the decision
LT stabdomasis poveikis
LV atliekos efekts
MT Posponiment / Sospensjoni bala konsegwenza
Broader term
legal remedy
(beffett) ta...
NL schorsende werking
PL skutek zawieszajcy Notes
PT 1.The Directive 2013/32/EU/ (Recast Asylum Procedures
RO efect suspensiv Directive) recognises inArt.9anautomatic right ofapplicants
SK odkladn inok [rozhodnutia] toremain inthe Member State, for the sole purpose ofthe pro-
SL suspenzivni uinek /odloilni uinek cedure, until the determining authority has made adecision
SV suspensiv effekt inaccordance with the procedures atfirst instance, and
NO utsettende virkning (b) / utsetjande verknad(n) inArt.46(3) inline with international refugee law and with the
jurisprudence ofthe European Courts anautomatic right
ofapplicants appealing against negative decisions toremain
inthe territory ofthe concerned Member State.
2.Insome circumstances (listed inArt.46(6)), such asdecisions

considering anapplication tobe manifestly unfounded inaccord-
ance with Art.32(2) orunfounded after examination inaccord-
ance with Art.31(8), the suspensive effect ofappeal isnot
automatic. However, the possibility remains torequest acourt
ortribunal for aright tostay, pending the second instance deci-
sion (Art.46 (3) ofDirective 2013/32/EU).
280
T
BG
CS
DE
temporary external border

doasn vnj hranice
vorlufige Auengrenze
Definition
(a) The common border between aMember State fully imple-
menting the Schengen acquis and aMember State bound
A
B
C
EL ( ) toapply the Schengen acquis infull, inconformity with its Act D
ES frontera temporal exterior ofAccession, but for which the relevant Council Decision author-
ET ajutine vlispiir ising itto fully apply that acquis has not entered into force. E
FI vliaikainen ulkoraja (b) The common border between two Member States bound
FR frontire extrieure temporaire F
toapply the Schengen acquis infull, inconformity with their
GA teorainn sheachtrach shealadach
respective Acts ofAccession, but for which the relevant Council
HU ideiglenes kls hatr
IT frontiera esterna temporanea
Decision authorising them tofully apply that acquis has not yet G
entered into force.
LT laikinoji iors siena
LV pagaidu rj robea
H
MT Fruntiera esterna temporanja //
Source
Konfiniesternitemporanji Art.2 (2) ofCouncil Decision 574/2007/EC (External Border Fund I
NL tijdelijke buitengrens Decision)
PL tymczasowa granica zewntrzna J
PT fronteira externa temporria
RO frontier extern temporar K
SK doasn vonkajia hranica
SL zaasna zunanja meja L
SV tillflliga yttre grnser
NO midlertidig ytre grense (b) / M
mellombelsytregrense(n)
N
temporary migration O
BG Definition
P
CS doasn migrace Migration for aspecific motivation and / or purpose with the
DE temporre Migration intention that afterwards there will beareturn tothe country
Q
EL oforigin oronward movement.
ES migracin temporal R
ET ajutine sissernne Source
FI tilapinen maahanmuutto Developed byEMN S
FR migration temporaire
GA
HU
imirce shealadach
ideiglenes migrci
Broader term T
migration
IT migrazione temporanea U
LT trumpalaik migracija
LV slaicga migrcija
Related terms
MT Migrazzjoni temporanja
long-term migration V
NL tijdelijke migratie
PL migracja tymczasowa
W
PT migrao Temporria Note
RO migraie temporar With regard tothe development ofEU policy, this may beseen X
SK doasn migrcia inthe context ofinter alia circular migration and / or seasonal
SL zaasna migracija workers. Y
SV tillfllig migration
NO midlertidig migrasjon (b) / mellombels migrasjon(n) Z
281
T BG
CS
DE

doasn ochrana
vorbergehender Schutz
from third countries who are unable toreturn totheir country
oforigin, immediate and temporary protection tosuch persons,
inparticular ifthere isalso arisk that the asylum system will
EL beunable toprocess this influx without adverse effects for its
ES proteccin temporal efficient operation, inthe interests ofthe persons.
ET ajutine kaitse
FI tilapinen suojelu Source
FR protection temporaire
Art.2(a) ofCouncil Directive 2001/55/EC (Temporary Protection
GA cosaint shealadach
Directive)
HU ideiglenes vdelem
IT protezione temporanea
Broader term
LT laikinoji apsauga
protection
LV pagaidu aizsardzba
MT Protezzjoni temporanja
NL tijdelijke bescherming Related terms
(civil) war refugee
PL tymczasowa ochrona
displacement
PT proteco temporria
RO protecie temporar
mass influx
SK doasn ochrana (EU acquis) /
doasntoisko(national law)
SL zaasna zaita
SV tillflligt skydd Note
NO midlertidig beskyttelse (b) / mellombels vern(n) In LV, temporary protection is granted for a specified period of
time if the applicant needs protection because they have been
Definition forced to leave their country of citizenship or, if the persons is
A procedure ofexceptional character toprovide, inthe event stateless persons, their country of former residence due to ethnic
ofamass influx orimminent mass influx ofdisplaced persons conflict or civil war.
third country
BG Definition
CS tet zem A country that isnot amember ofthe European Union aswell
DE Drittstaat asacountry orterritory whose citizens donot enjoy the
EL European Union right tofree movement, asdefined inArt.2(5)
ES tercer pas ofthe Schengen Borders Code.
ET kolmas riik
FI kolmas maa
Source
FR pays tiers
Derived byEMN from the description offree movement
GA tr tr
ofcitizens onthe website ofEurofound
HU harmadik orszg
IT paese terzo
LT treioji alis
Narrower terms
safe third country
LV tre valsts
MT Pajji terz
NL derde land
PL kraj trzeci
PT pas terceiro
RO ar / stat ter
SK tretia krajina
SL tretja drava
SV tredjeland
NO tredjeland
282
A
B
BG Definition
CS sttn pslunk tet zem Any person who isnot acitizen ofthe European Union within the C
DE Drittstaatsangehriger meaning ofArt.20(1) ofTFEU and who isnot aperson enjoying
EL the European Union right tofree movement, asdefined D
ES nacional detercer pas inArt.2(5) ofthe Schengen Borders Code.
ET kolmanda riigi kodanik E
FI kolmannen maan kansalainen Source
FR ressortissant dun pays tiers F
Art.3(1) ofDirective 2008/115/EC (Return Directive) and Art.2(6)
GA nisinach tr tr
ofRegulation (EC) No562/2006 (Schengen Borders Code)
HU harmadik orszgbeli llampolgr
IT cittadino diun paese terzo
G
Synonyms
LT treiosios alies pilietis
LV tres valsts pilsonis
CH national H
EEA national
MT ittadin(a) ta pajji terz
NL onderdaan van een derde land (syn. derde lander)
non-EU national I
PL obywatel kraju trzeciego
PT nacional depas terceiro Broader terms J
non-EU national
RO cetean ter / al unui stat ter
SK ttny prslunk tretej krajiny third country K
SL dravljan tretje drave
SV tredjelandsmedborgare Related terms L
NO tredjelandsborger (b) / tredjelandsborgar(n) alien
union citizen M
Notes N
1.According tothis definition, nationals ofNO, IS, LI and CH are
not considered tobe third-country nationals. This isalso consist-
ent with Art.2(6) ofthe Schengen Borders Code.
O
2.The Migration Statistics Regulation 862/2007has aslightly

P
different definition for athird-country national, which considers
nationals ofNO, IS, LI and CH asthird-country nationals. This
Q
definition isalso applied inCouncil Directive 2009/50/EC (Blue
Card Directive), Directive 2003/86/EC (Family Reunification R
Directive), Directive 2003/109/EC (Long Term Residents
Directive), Directive 2005/71/EC (Researchers Directive) and S
Directive 2004/114/EC (Students Directive). This definition
was considered tobe too narrow for use bythe EMN. T
3.Nationals ofMicro-States (MC, SM, VA) are treated as third- U
country nationals since, although there are noborder controls,
there isno formal agreement for them tobe beneficiaries ofthe V
free movement ofpersons asdefined inthe EUacquis. This also
means that they cannot bepart ofthe Schengen Agreement. W
X
Y
Z
283
T BG
CS
third-country national found to be illegally present

sttn pslunk tet zem, ukterho bylo zjitno,
enedovolen pobv nazem
Definition
A third-country national who isofficially found tobe onthe
territory ofaMember State and who does not fullfil, orno longer
DE Drittstaatsangehriger, dessen illegaler Aufenthalt fulfils, the conditions for stay orresidence inthat Member State.
festgestellt wird
EL Source
ES nacional detercer pas detectado Art.2(r) ofRegulation (EC) No862/2007 (Migration Statistics
ensituacinirregular Regulation)
ET ebaseaduslikult riigis viibiv kolmanda riigi kodanik
FI laittomasti maassa oleskeleva kolmannen
Synonyms
maankansalainen
illegally resident migrant
FR ressortissant dun pays tiers en sjour irrgulier
illegally staying migrant
GA nisinach tr tr a shuitear a bheith i lthair
illegally staying third-country national
goneamhdhleathach
HU harmadik orszgbeli llampolgrok, akikrl
megllaptottk, hogy illeglisan tartzkodnak
Broader terms
irregular migrant
IT cittadino diun paese terzo presente irregolarmente
irregular stay
LT neteistai esantis treiosios alies pilietis
LV tres valsts pilsonis, kas nelikumgi
uzturasdalbvalst Narrower term
overstay(er)
MT ittadin(a) ta pajji terz preenti illegalment
NL derdelander van wie vaststaat /
isvastgestelddatdeze illegaal verblijft Related terms
PL obywatele krajw trzecich, codo ktrych stwierdzono apprehension
fakt nielegalnego przebywania illegal
employment ofan illegally staying
PT nacionais depases terceiros detectados third-country national
emsituaoilegal
RO cetean ter depistat cuedere ilegal Note
SK ttny prslunk tretej krajiny neoprvnene Directive 2009/52/EC (Employer Sanctions Directive) uses the term
sazdriavajci nazem lenskho ttu E illegally staying third-country national with the same definition.
SL dravljan tretje drave zakaterega seugotovi
dajenezakonito navzo
SV olagligt nrvarande tredjelandsmedborgare
NO tredjelandsborger med ulovlig opphold (b) /
tredjelandsborgar med ulovleg opphald(n)
284
A
torture
B
BG Source
CS muen Art.1ofUN Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, C
DE Folter Inhuman orDegrading Treatment orPunishment
EL D
ES tortura Related terms
ET piinamine serious harm E
FI kidutus vulnerable person
FR torture F
GA casadh
Notes
HU knzs
IT tortura
1.The right tofreedom from torture isenshrined inmany inter- G
national treaties, most notably the International Covenant
LT kankinimas
LV spdzinana
onCivil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the UNConvention H
against Torture (UNCAT). The acceptance that torture isforbid-
MT Tortura
NL foltering den under any circumstances, including war, public emergency I
PL tortury orterrorist threat, indicates that universally itis considered
PT asafundamental principle ofcustomary international law. This J
RO tortur means that even States that have not ratified any ofthe inter-
SK muenie national treaties explicitly prohibiting torture are banned from K
SL muenje using itagainst anyone, anywhere, under any circumstances.
SV tortyr L
NO tortur 2.Regional conventions, such asthe European Convention
onHuman Rights (Art.3) and the Charter ofFundamental M
Rights ofthe European Union (Art.4), also recognise torture
Definition asaprohibited act. N
Any act bywhich severe pain orsuffering, whether physical
ormental, isintentionally inflicted onaperson for such purposes 3.Both the UNCAT and the Geneva Refugee Convention
asobtaining from them orathird person information oracon- of1951expressly prohibit the return ofan asylum-seeker
O
fession, punishing them for anact they orathird person has toacountry where they may beat risk oftorture.
committed oris suspected ofhaving committed, orintimidating
P
orcoercing them orathird person, orfor any reason based 4.Inthe EU, Art.21ofDirective 2013/33/EU (Recast Recep-
ondiscrimination ofany kind, when such pain orsuffering tions Conditions Directive) explicitly considers the situation
Q
isinflicted byor atthe instigation ofor with the consent ofvulnerable asylum seekers with special needs, including vic-
oracquiescence ofapublic official orother person acting inan tims oftorture. EUMember States are obliged toidentify victims R
official capacity. Itdoes not include pain orsuffering arising only oftorture within the asylum procedure and toassess whether
from, inherent inor incidental tolawful sanctions. they have special reception needs, including the need toaccess S
appropriate medical and psychological treatment orcare.
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
285
T BG
CS
DE
total migration

celkov migrace
Wanderungsvolumen
Definition
The sum ofthe immigrations and emigrations which yields the
total volume ofmigration.
EL
ES migracin total Source
ET rnde koguarv Towards Harmonised European Statistics onInternational
FI kokonaismuutto Migration (THESIM) project
FR volume migratoire
GA imirce iomln
Related terms
HU teljes migrci
crude rate ofnet migration
IT migrazione totale
migration flow
LT bendra migracija
net migration
LV migrcijas apjoms / bruto migrcija
population stock
MT Migrazzjoni totali
NL totale migratie
PL migracja (brutto)
PT migrao bruta
RO migraie total
SK celkov migrcia
SL sum migracija / skupna migracija
SV bruttomigration
NO samlet migrasjon (b) / samla migrasjon (n)
trainee
BG Definition
CS stista In the EUmigration context, aworker whose presence inthe ter-
DE Auszubildender ritory ofaMember State isstrictly limited induration and closely
EL connected with increasing their skills and qualifications intheir
ES persona enprcticas chosen profession before returning totheir own countries topur-
ET praktikant sue their careers.
FI harjoittelija
FR stagiaire
Source
GA duine faoi oiliint
Council Resolution of20June 1994onlimitation onadmission

HU gyakornok
ofthird-country nationals tothe territory ofthe Member States
IT tirocinante / apprendista
for employment
LT stauotojas
LV praktikants / staieris
MT Persuna titarre / fuq tari
Narrower terms
remunerated trainee
NL stagiair
PL staysta
PT estagirios / formandos
RO stagiar
SK stista
SL pripravnik
SV praktikant
NO praktikant
286
A
B
BG Definition
CS obchodovn s lidmi The recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring orreception C
DE Menschenhandel ofpersons, including the exchange ortransfer ofcontrol over
EL those persons, bymeans ofthe threat oruse offorce orother D
ES trata deseres humanos forms ofcoercion, ofabduction, offraud, ofdeception, ofthe
ET inimkaubandus abuse ofpower orof aposition ofvulnerability orof the giving E
FI ihmiskauppa orreceiving ofpayments orbenefits toachieve the consent
FR traite des tres humains F
ofaperson having control over another person, for the purpose
GA ginneil indaoine
ofexploitation.
HU emberkereskedelem
IT tratta diesseri umani
G
Source
LT prekyba monmis
LV cilvku tirdzniecba
Art. 2 of Directive 2011/36/EU (Trafficking Directive) H
MT Traffikar ta Persuni
NL mensenhandel Synonym I
human trafficking
PL handel ludmi
PT trfico deseres humanos J
RO trafic defiine umane Narrower terms
SK obchodovanie sumi detection of a victim of trafficking K
SL trgovina zljudmi inhumanbeings
identification of a victim of trafficking
SV mnniskohandel L
NO menneskehandel inhuman beings
M
Related terms
exploitation
N
nationalreferral mechanism
Palermo Protocol
O
Notes
1.Aposition ofvulnerability means asituation inwhich the per-
P
son concerned has noreal oracceptable alternative but tosub-
mit tothe abuse involved.
Q
2.Exploitation includes, asaminimum, the exploitation ofthe R

prostitution ofothers orother forms ofsexual exploitation,
forced labour orservices, including begging, slavery orpractices S
similar toslavery, servitude, orthe exploitation ofcriminal activ-
ities, orthe removal oforgans. T
3.The EUanti-trafficking website provides aone-stop-shop U
forpractitioners and the public interested inthe problem
oftrafficking. V
W
X
Y
Z
287
T BG
CS
DE
transfer order

rozhodnut otransferu, rozhodnut opemstn
berstellungsanordnung
Definition
The formal obligation ofan applicant for international protec-
tion toleave aMember State and, within aspecified period,
EL goto the designated Member State responsible for examining
ES orden detraslado their application for international protection.
ET leandmise otsus (no usual translation)
FI siirtomrys Source
FR obligation detransfert
Derived byEMN from Regulation (EU) No604/2013 (Dublin III
GA ord umaistri
Regulation)
HU tadsrl rendelkez vgzs
IT ordine ditrasferimento
Broader term
LT nurodymas perduoti
Dublin transfer
LV lmums par patvruma mekltja prstanu
MT Ordni ta trasferiment
NL overdrachtsbevel Related terms
Dublin Convention
PL No translation
Dublin Regulation
PT deciso detransferncia
RO ordin detransfer
SK prkaz napresun / prkaz natransfer
SL nalog zatransfer
SV beslut omverfring
NO overfringsvedtak
transit
BG Definition
CS tranzit In the context ofmigration: Passage through acountry oftransit
DE Durchreise, Transit ofathird-country national travelling from their country ofori-
EL gin toan EUMember State.
ES trnsito In the context ofavisa: Passage through aMember State(s)
ET lbisit / transiit ofathird-country national travelling from one third country
FI kauttakulku
toanother third country.
FR transit
GA idirthuras
Source
HU tranzit
Context ofmigration: Developed byEMN
IT transito
Context ofavisa: Derived byEMN from definition for transit
LT tranzitas
visa inCommon Consular Instructions (2005/C 326/01)
LV tranzts
MT Transitu
NL transit (NL syn.: doorreis)
PL tranzyt
PT trnsito
RO tranzit
SK tranzit
SL tranzit
SV transit
NO transitt
288
A
travel document
B
BG Definition
CS cestovn doklad A document issued byagovernment orinternational treaty C
DE Reisedokument organisation which isacceptable proof ofidentity for the pur-
EL pose ofentering another country. D
ES documento deviaje
ET reisidokument Source E
FI matkustusasiakirja Derived byEMN from IOM Glossary onMigration, 2nd ed., 2011
FR document devoyage F
GA doicimad taistil
Narrower term
HU ti okmny
IT documento diviaggio
visa G
LT kelions dokumentas
LV ceoanas dokuments
Related terms H
fraudulent travel oridentity document
MT Dokument tal-ivvjaar
NL reisdocument
residence document I
PL dokument podry
PT Notes J
RO document decltorie 1.Passports and visas are the most widely used forms oftravel
SK cestovn doklad documents. K
SL potna listina
SV resehandling 2.Some States also accept certain identity cards orother docu- L
NO reisedokument ments, such asresidence permits.
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
289
U BG
CS
DE
unaccompanied minor

nezletil bez doprovodu
unbegleiteter Minderjhriger
Definition
A minor who arrives onthe territory ofthe Member States unac-
companied bythe adult responsible for them bylaw orby the
EL practice ofthe Member State concerned, and for aslong asthey
ES menor noacompaado (MENA) are not effectively taken into the care ofsuch aperson.
ET saatjata alaealine Itincludes aminor who isleft unaccompanied after they have
FI ilman huoltajaa oleva alaikinen, yksin entered the territory ofthe Member States.
tullutalaikinen
FR mineur isol tranger
Source
GA mionaoiseach neamhthionlactha
Art.2(l) ofDirective 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive)
HU ksr nlkli kiskor
IT minore non accompagnato
LT nelydimas nepilnametis
Synonyms
UASC
LV nepilngadgais bez pavadbas
unaccompanied and separated child
MT Minorenni mhux akkumpanjat
NL alleenstaande minderjarige vreemdeling
PL maoletni bez opieki Broader term
separated child
PT menor desacompanhado
RO minor nensoit
SK malolet bez sprievodu Related terms
SL mladoletnik brez spremstva representative
SV ensamkommande barn vulnerable person

NO enslig mindrerig (b) / einsleg mindrerig (n)
Notes
1.There are significant differences between Member States with
respect tonational definitions and recording practices, for
instance with regard tothe age limit tobe considered and
whether ornot they are unaccompanied.
2.Insome (Member) States, statistics include all those who

claim they are unaccompanied minors (i.e. before anage assess-
ment has confirmed this), whereas other (Member) States only
count those recognised assuch byacompetent authority (i.e.
following anage assessment).
3.For further information, see EMN: Policies onReception,

Return and Integration Arrangements for, and numbers of,
Unaccompanied Minors anEU comparative study, 2009.

Anupdate for this 2009study isforthcoming, entitled Policies,
practices and data onunaccompanied minors in2014, and will
beavailable onthe website ofEMN.
290
A
unfounded application for international protection
B
BG Definition
CS nedvodn dost omezinrodn ochranu An application which the determining authority has established C
DE unbegrndeter Antrag auf internationalen Schutz asunfounded because the applicant does not qualify for inter-
EL national protection pursuant toDirective 2011/95/EU. D
ES solicitud infundada deproteccin internacional
ET phjendamatu rahvusvahelise kaitse taotlus Source E
FI perusteeton kansainvlist suojelua koskeva Art.32ofDirective 2013/32/EU
hakemus F
(Recast Asylum Procedures Directive)
FR demande deprotection internationale infonde
GA iarratas gan bhuns archosaint idirnisinta
HU nem megalapozott menedkkrelem
Broader term G
IT domanda infondata per ilriconoscimento della
protezione internazionale
H
LT nepagrstas praymas suteikti prieglobst
Note
LV nepamatots starptautisks aizsardzbas pieteikums Member States may also consider anapplication tobe mani- I
MT Applikazzjoni / Talba bla bai gall-protezzjoni festly unfounded because of the existence of circumstances
internazzjonali listed inArt.31(8) ofDirective 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum J
NL ongegrond verzoek ominternationale bescherming Procedures Directive) apply.
PL bezzasadny wniosek oudzielenie ochrony K
midzynarodowej
PT L
RO cerere nefondat deprotecie intrnaional
SK neopodstatnen iados omedzinrodn ochranu / M
neopodstatnen iados oudelenie medzinrodnej
ochrany N
SL neutemeljena pronja zamednarodno zaito
SV ogrundad anskan O
NO grunnls sknad om internasjonal beskyttelse (b) /
grunnlaus sknad om internasjonalt vern (n)
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
291
U BG
CS
DE
union citizen

oban Evropsk unie
Unionsbrger
Definition
Any person having the nationality ofan EUMember State.
EL Source
ES ciudadano dela Unin Art.20 (1) ofTFEU
ET liidu kodanik
FI unionin kansalainen Synonym
FR citoyen delUnion europenne EU citizen
GA saornach den Aontas
HU unis polgr
Broader term
IT cittadino dellUnione
citizenship
LT Sjungos pilietis
LV Savienbas pilsonis
MT ittadin(a) tal-Unjoni
Related terms
non-EU national
NL burger van deUnie
PL obywatel Unii
PT cidado daUnio Europeia
RO Cetean alUniunii (Europene)
SK oban E
SL dravljan Unije
SV unionsmedborgare
NO unionsborger (b) / unionsborgar (n)
union preference
BG Definition
CS upednostovn pracovnk zezem EU The preference given byaMember State toworkers who are
DE Unionsprferenz nationals ofother Member States over workers who are nationals
EL ofthird countries inregard toaccess totheir labour market.
ES Preferencia dela Unin Europea
ET liidu eelistamine Source
FI unionin etuuskohtelu Derived byEMN from Act ofAccession 2005 (Annexes VI,
FR prfrence communautaire
Art.14and VII, Art.14toArt.20) ofthe Protocol concerning the
GA ts ite doshaornaigh dechuid anAontais
conditions and arrangements for admission ofthe Republics

HU unis preferencia
ofBulgaria and Romania tothe European Union
IT preferenza comunitaria
LT bendrijos pirmumo principas
LV Savienbas priekrocbas princips
Synonym
Community preference
MT Bi preferenza gall-Unjoni
NL Unie preferentie
PL preferencja unijna Narrower term
labour market test
PT
RO
SK zsada uprednostovania obanov nie / Note
nijnpreferencia Before the entry into force ofthe Lisbon Treaty, the term com-
SL prednost Unije munity preference was the preferred term touse.
SV unionsfretrde
NO fortrinn for borgere av EU/EFTA-land (b) /
fortrinn for borgarar av EU/EFTA-land (n)
292
A
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
B
BG Definition
CS Vysok komisa OSN pro uprchlky The refugee agency ofthe United Nations (UN) mandated C
DE Hoher Flchtlingskommissar der Vereinten Nationen tolead and coordinate international action toprotect refugees
EL and resolve refugee problems worldwide, and tosafeguard the D
ES Alto Comisionado delas Naciones Unidas rights and well-being ofrefugees.
paralosRefugiados E
ET RO pagulaste lemvolinik Source
FI Yhdistyneiden kansakuntien pakolaisasiain F
Website ofUNHCR
pvaltuutettu
FR Haut-Commissariat des Nations Unies
Synonym G
pourlesrfugis
UNHCR
GA Ard-Choimisinir naNisin Aontaithe
doDhdeanaithe
H
HU Az Egyeslt Nemzetek Menekltgyi Fbiztosa
Related terms
IT Alto Commissariato delle Nazioni Unite periRifugiati
Geneva Convention of1951 I
LT Jungtini Taut Vyriausiasis pabgli komisaras andProtocolof1967
LV Apvienoto Nciju Organizcijas Augstais komisrs
International Organization for Migration J
bgu liets
MT Kummissjoni (Il-) Golja gar-Rifujati refugee law K
tanNazzjonijiet Uniti
NL Hoog Commissariaat der Verenigde Naties Notes L
voorVluchtelingen 1.The Office ofthe United Nations High Commissioner for Ref-
PL Wysoki Komisarz Narodw Zjednoczonych ugees was established on14December 1950bythe UNGeneral M
doSprawUchodcw Assembly.
PT N
RO naltul Comisariat alNaiunilor Unite pentru 2.The Geneva Convention of1951isthe basic statute guiding
Refugiai/ natul Comisariat ONU pentru Refugiai the UNHCRs work. The functions ofthe UNHCR are defined
intheStatute ofthe Office ofthe UNHigh Commissioner for
O
SK rad Vysokho komisra OSN pre uteencov
SL Visoki komisariat Zdruenih narodov zabegunce Refugees, which was adopted bythe General Assembly
on14December 1950.
P
SV FN:s flyktingorgan
NO FNs hykommissr for flyktninger (b) /
FNs hgkommissr for flyktningar (n) 3.For further information, see the website ofthe UNHCR:
Q
http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/home
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
293
U BG
CS
DE

neplacen stista
unbezahlter Auszubildender
Definition
A third-country national who has been admitted tothe territory
ofaMember State for atraining period without remuneration
EL inaccordance with its national legislation.
ES persona enprcticas noremuneradas
ET tasustamata praktikant Source
FI palkaton harjoittelija Art.2(d) ofCouncil Directive 2004/114/EC (Students Directive)
FR stagiaire non rmunr
GA oilina nach bhfaigheann luach saothair
Broader term
HU javadalmazsban nem rszesl gyakornok
trainee
IT tirocinante non retribuito
LT neatlygintinas stauotojas
LV nealgots praktikants / staieris
Related terms
remunerated trainee
MT Persuna titarre Bba las
researcher
NL onbezoldigd stagiair
PL stazysta niepobierajcy wynagrodzenia
PT estagirios / formandos no remunerado
RO stagiar neremunerat
SK neplaten stista
SL neplaani pripravnik
SV oavlnad praktikant
NO ulnnet praktikant (b) / ulnt praktikant (n)
usual residence
BG Definition
CS obvykl msto pobytu The place atwhich aperson normally spends the daily period
DE blicher Aufenthaltsort ofrest, regardless oftemporary absences for purposes ofrecre-
EL ation, holiday, visits tofriends and relatives, business, medical
ES residencia habitual treatment orreligious pilgrimage or, indefault, the place oflegal
ET alaline elukoht orregistered residence.
FI vakinainen asuinpaikka
FR rsidence habituelle
Source
GA gnthchna
Art.2(1)a ofRegulation (EC) No862/2007 (Migration Statistics

HU szoksos tartzkodsi hely
Regulation)
IT residenza abituale
LT nuolatin gyvenamoji vieta
LV parast dzvesvieta
Synonym
habitual residence
MT Residenza abitwali / tas-soltu
NL gewone verblijfplaats
PL zwyczajowe miejsce pobytu
PT residncia habitual
RO reziden uzual
SK obvykl pobyt
SL obiajno prebivalie
SV stadigvarande bosttning
NO vanlig bosted (b) / vanleg bustad (n)
294
A
usually resident population
B
BG Definition
CS obyvatelstvo sobvyklm pobytem The number ofpersons who, onagiven reference date, are usu- C
DE Wohnbevlkerung ally resident inadefined geographical area (e.g. national,
EL regional orlocal). D
ES poblacin residente
ET psielanikkond Source E
FI henkikirjoitettu vest / vakinainen vest Derived byEMN from Art.2(d) ofRegulation (EC) No763/2008
FR population rsidente F
(Population and Housing Censuses Regulation) and Art.2(1)a
GA daonra gnthchnaitheach
ofRegulation (EC) No862/2007 (Migration Statistics Regulation)
HU bejelentett lakcmmel rendelkez npessg
IT popolazione abitualmente residente
G
Related term
LT nuolatiniai gyventojai
LV pastvgie iedzvotji
population stock H
MT Popolazzjoni ta residenti
NL geregistreerde bevolking (syn.: werkelijke bevolking) Notes I
PL populacja rezydentw 1.The number ofpersons includes both nationals and foreign-
PT populao residente ers (and can include both legally and irregularly residing). J
RO populaie rezident
SK obyvatestvo sobvyklm pobytom 2.Inthis context, usually resident means the place where K
SL obiajno rezidentno prebivalstvo aperson normally spends the daily period ofrest, regardless
SV stadigvarande bosatta oftemporary absences for purposes ofrecreation, holidays, L
NO fastboende befolkning (b) / fastbuande folkesetnad (n) visits tofriends and relatives, business, medical treatment
orreligious pilgrimage. M
3.The following persons alone shall beconsidered tobe usual N
residents ofthe geographical area inquestion:
(i) those who have lived intheir place ofusual residence for
O
acontinuous period ofat least 12months before the refer-
ence date; or
P
(ii) those who arrived intheir place ofusual residence during

Q
the 12months before the reference date with the intention
ofstaying there for atleast one year. R
Where the circumstances described inpoint (i) or(ii) cannot S

beestablished, usual residence shall mean the place oflegal
orregistered residence. T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
295
V BG
CS
DE
victimisation

pronsledovn
Viktimisierung
Definition
Adverse treatment oradverse consequence asareaction
toacomplaint orto proceedings aimed atenforcing compliance
EL with the principle ofequal treatment.
ES victimizacin
ET ohvristamine Source
FI uhriutuminen Art.9ofCouncil Directive 2000/43/EC (Racial Equality Directive)
FR rtorsion
GA ospairt
Related term
HU viktimizci
IT vittimizzazione
LT persekiojimas
LV viktimzcija
MT Vittimizzazzjoni
NL represailles (in judicial practice: victimisatie)
PL wiktymizacja
PT vitimizao
RO victimizare
SK viktimizcia
SL viktimizacija
SV repressalier
NO represalier (b) / represaliar (n)
296
A
visa
B
BG Definition
CS vzum The authorisation ordecision ofaMember State required for C
DE Visum transit orentry for anintended stay inthat Member State orin
EL ; several Member States. D
ES visado
ET viisa Source E
FI viisumi Art.2(m) ofRegulation (EU) No604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation)
FR visa F
GA vosa
Broader term
HU vzum
IT visto
travel document G
LT viza
LV vza
Narrower terms H
airport transit visa
MT Via
NL visum
long-stay visa I
short-stay visa
PL wiza
PT visto Visa Code J
Visa Information System
RO viz
SK vzum visa facilitation agreement K
SL vizum
SV visering Note L
NO visum For some third countries (specifically, and as of December 2011,
Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Former Yugoslav Republic of M
Macedonia, Georgia, Moldova, Montenegro, Serbia, Russian Fed-
eration and Ukraine) there are visa facilitation agreements which N
facilitate, on the basis of reciprocity, the issuance of visas for an
intended stay of no more than 90 days per period of 180 days
to the citizens of the European Union and the third country party
O
to the agreement.
P
These are often concluded at the same time as readmission
agreements. For more information see the DG HOME website,
Q
webpage on visa policy: http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/
what-we-do/policies/borders-and-visas/visa-policy/index_en.htm R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
297
V BG
CS
DE
Visa Code

vzov kodex
Visakodex
Definition
Regulation outlining the procedures and conditions for issuing
visas for transit through orintended stays inthe territory ofthe
EL Schengen Member States not exceeding three months inany six-
ES Cdigo devisados month period.
ET viisaeeskiri
FI viisumisnnst Source
FR code des visas
Art.1(1) ofRegulation (EU) No610/2013 (Visa Code Regulation)
GA an cd lehaghaidh Vosa
HU vzumkdex
Synonym
IT codice dei visti
Schengen Visa Code
LT viz kodeksas
LV Vzu kodekss
MT Kodii dwar il-vii
Broader term
Visa
NL Visumcode
PL kodeks wizowy
PT Cdigo deVistos Related terms
visa facilitation agreement
RO Codul devize
SK vzov kdex
SL vizumski zakonik
SV viseringskodex Note
NO visumregelverk The Visa Code Regulation entered into force on5April 2010.
visa facilitation agreement

BG Definition
CS dohoda ousnadnn vydvn krtkodobch vz / Agreement between the EUand anon-EU country that facilitates
facilitan dohoda the issuance byan EUMember State ofauthorisations tothe
DE Visaerleichterungs-Abkommen citizens ofthat non-EU country for transiting through oran
EL intended stay inthe territory ofthe EUMember States ofadura-
ES acuerdo defacilitacin devisados tion ofno more than three months inany six-month period from
ET viisalihtsustusleping the date offirst entry into the territory ofthe EUMember States.
FI viisumihelpotussopimus
FR accord visant faciliter ladlivrance de visas
Source
GA comhaont umisiint vosa aasc
DG HOME e-Library Glossary
HU vzumknnytsi megllapods
IT accordo difacilitazione del visto
LT susitarimas dl viz reimo supaprastinimo
Broader term
visa
LV nolgums par vzu atvieglotu izsnieganu
MT Ftehim gall-iffailitar fil-ru tal-vii /
gattaffiffl-goti tal-vii Related terms
Visa Code
NL visumfacilitatieovereenkomst
PL umowa ouatwieniach wizowych
PT
RO acord pentru facilitarea acordrii vizelor Note
SK dohoda ozjednoduen postupu pri vydvan vz For alist ofvisa facilitation agreements concluded sofar, see the
SL Sporazum olajem pridobivanju vizumov website ofDG HOME: http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/what-
SV viseringsfrenklingsavtal we-do/policies/borders-and-visas/visa-policy/index_en.htm
NO visumfasiliteringsavtale
298
A
B
BG Definition
CS Vzov informan systm A system for the exchange ofvisa data between Member States, C
DE Visa-Informationssystem which enables authorised national authorities toenter and
EL update visa data and toconsult this data electronically. D
ES Sistema deInformacin deVisados
ET viisainfossteem Source E
FI viisumitietojrjestelm Art.1ofCouncil Decision 2004/512/EC
FR Systme dinformation sur les visas F
GA an Cras Faisnise Vosa; VIS
Synonym
HU Vzum Informcis Rendszer
IT Sistema diInformazione Visti
VIS G
LT Viz informacin sistema
LV Vzu informcijas sistma
Broader term H
visa
MT Sistema ta Informazzjoni dwar il-Via
NL Visuminformatiesysteem I
PL System Informacji Wizowej Related terms
PT Sistema deInformao deVistos Schengen Information System J
Visa Code
RO Sistemul Informatic deVize
SK Vzov informan systm visa facilitation agreement K
SL Vizumski informacijski sistem
SV informationssystemet fr viseringar Note L
NO visuminformasjonssystemet The Visa Information System (VIS) started operating inNorth
Africa on11October 2011 (see: European Commission Press M
release IP/11/1169).
N
voluntary departure O
BG Definition
P
CS dobrovoln oputn zem Compliance with the obligation toreturn within the time-limit
DE freiwillige Ausreise fixed for that purpose inthe return decision.
Q
EL
ES salida voluntaria Source R
ET vabatahtlik (riigist) lahkumine mratud Art.3(8) ofDirective 2008/115/EC (Return Directive)
thtajajooksul S
FI vapaaehtoinen maasta poistuminen
Synonym
FR dpart volontaire independent return T
GA imeacht deonach
HU nkntes tvozs U
Broader term
IT partenza volontaria
compulsory return
LT
LV
savanorikas ivykimas
brvprtga izceoana
V
MT Tluq volontarju Narrower term
NL vrijwillig vertrek
assisted voluntary return W
PL dobrowolny wyjazd
PT abandono voluntrio Related terms X
returndecision
RO plecare voluntar
SK dobrovon odchod voluntary return Y
SL prostovoljni odhod
SV frivillig avresa Note Z
NO frivillig utreise (b) / friviljug utreise (n) 1. The term independent return isonly used inUK.
2. The term is different from vountary return, as with voluntary
departure, ultimately there will be an obligation to return.
299
V BG
CS
DE
voluntary return

dobrovoln nvrat
freiwillige Rckkehr
Definition
The assisted orindependent return tothe country oforigin,
transit orthird country, based onthe free will ofthe returnee.
EL
ES retorno voluntario Source
ET vabatahtlik (riigist) lahkumine IOM Glossary 2nd ed., 2011
FI vapaaehtoinen paluu
FR retour volontaire
Synonym
GA filleadh deonach voluntary repatriation
HU nkntes hazatrs
IT ritorno volontario
Broader term
LT savanorikas grimas
return
LV brvprtga atgrieans
MT Ritorn volontarju
NL vrijwillige terugkeer Narrower term
assisted voluntary return
PL dobrowolny powrt
PT retorno voluntrio
RO returnare voluntar Related terms
compulsory return
SK dobrovon nvrat
SL prostovoljna vrnitev voluntary departure
SV frivilligt tervndande
NO frivillig retur (b) / friviljug retur (n) Notes
1.The term isdifferent from voluntary departure and, aswith
voluntary departure, ultimately there will bean obligation
toreturn.
2.The types ofpersons returning without the assistance ofthe

State include those who:
(a) would beunder no(legal) obligation todo so. Asstated

inthe definition, itis entirely their decision asto whether they
return ornot;
(b) are irregularly resident and have not (yet) been appre-
hended / detected (e.g. overstayer), but who decide toreturn
anyway;
(c) have applied tostay (e.g. asylum seeker, person applying

for protection) and whose application has not yet been final-
ised, but decide toreturn anyway.
3.UNHCR prefers the term voluntary repatriation.
300
A
vulnerable person
B
BG Definition
CS zraniteln osoba Minors, unaccompanied minors, disabled people, elderly people, C
DE schutzbedrftige Person pregnant women, single parents with minor children, victims
EL oftrafficking inhuman beings, persons with serious illnesses, per- D
ES persona vulnerable sons with mental disorders and persons who have been subjected
ET haavatav isik totorture, rape orother serious forms ofpsychological, physical E
FI haavoittuvassa asemassa oleva henkil orsexual violence, such asvictims offemale genital mutilation.
FR personne vulnrable F
GA duine soghonta
Source
HU srlkeny (csoporthoz tartoz) szemly
IT persona vulnerabile
Art.21ofDirective 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception Conditions G
Directive)
LT paeidiamas asmuo
LV mazk aizsargta persona
H
MT Persuna vulnerabbli
Narrower term
NL kwetsbaar persoon
applicant with special reception needs I
PL osoba szczeglnej troski
PT pessoa vulnervel Related terms J
identified
victim oftrafficking
RO persoan vulnerabil
SK zraniten osoba inhumanbeings K
SL ranljiva oseba presumed victim oftrafficking
SV utsatt person inhumanbeings L

NO srbar person torture
unaccompanied minor
M
Note N
Directive 2011/36/EU (Trafficking Directive) defines aposi-
tion ofvulnerability asasituation inwhich the person con-
cerned has noreal oracceptable alternative but tosubmit tothe
O
abuse involved.
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
301
W BG
CS
DE
war crime

vlen zloin
Kriegsverbrechen
Definition
Grave breaches ofthe Geneva Conventions orother serious viola-
tions ofthe laws and customs applicable ininternational armed
EL conflict within the established framework ofinternational law,
ES crmenes deguerra asdefined inthe Rome Statute ofthe International Criminal Court.
ET sjakuritegu
FI sotarikokset Source
FR crimes deguerre
Art.8(2) ofthe Rome Statute ofthe International Criminal Court
GA coir chogaidh
HU hbors bncselekmnyek
Related terms
IT crimine diguerra
LT karo nusikaltimas
exclusion clause
LV kara noziegums
MT Reati tal-gwerra
NL oorlogsmisdaden (syn.: oorlogsmisdrijven)
PL zbrodnie wojenne
PT crimes deguerra
RO crime derzboi
SK vojnov zloin
SL vojni zloin
SV krigsfrbrytelser
NO krigsforbrytelse (b) / krigsbrotsverk (n)
302
A
well-founded fear of persecution
B
BG Definition
CS podloen obava zpronsledovn The fear ofpersecution experienced byan applicant for inter- C
DE begrndete Furcht vor Verfolgung national protection that isconsidered both genuine and objec-
EL tively justifiable (e.g. because the person concerned has already D
ES temor justificado depersecucin been subject topersecution orserious harm, orto direct threats
ET phjendatud tagakiusamise kartus ofsuch persecution orsuch harm, and there isno good reason E
FI perusteltu vainon pelko toconsider that such persecution orserious harm will not
FR crainte fonde deperscution F
berepeated).
GA faitos roimh gharleanint abhfuil buns /
darmaith leis
HU ldztetstl val megalapozott flelem
Source G
Derived byEMN from IOM Glossary 2nd ed., 2011
IT giustificato timore dipersecuzione
LT visikai pagrsta baim bti persekiojamam
H
LV pamatotas bailes novajanas
Broader term
MT Bia ustifikata ta persekuzzjoni
persecution I
NL gegronde vrees voor vervolging
PL uzasadniona obawa przed przeladowaniem Related terms J
PT
RO team depersecuie bine fondat real risk ofsuffering serious harm K
SK opodstatnen obava zprenasledovania
SL utemeljen strah pred preganjanjem Notes L
SV vlgrundad fruktan fr frfljelse 1.This isakey element ofthe definition ofarefugee inthe
NO velbegrunnet frykt for forflgelse (b) / Geneva Convention of1951and Protocol of1967. Well- M
velgrunna frykt for forflging (n) foundedness offear contains both asubjective element (fear
ofpersecution) and anobjective element (the fear must have N
anobjectively justifiable basis). Both elements must beestab-
lished for the fear tobe considered well-founded within the mean-
ing ofthe refugee definition. According tothe 1951Convention,
O
persecution must belinked toany one ofthe five specified
grounds: race, religion, nationality, membership ofaparticular
P
social group and political opinion.
Q
2.The subjective element issatisfied ifthe applicants fear ofper-
secution isgenuine. Inthe context ofrefugee status determination, R
fear has been defined asan apprehension orawareness ofdanger.
General dissent ordisagreement with agovernment orthe desire S
for more personal freedom oran improved economic situation
without anything more does not satify this element (see UNHCR T
guidelines oninternational protection onthe UNHCR website).
U
3.The objective element issatisfied when the applicant has
established that there isareasonable possibility that they will V
actually suffer the feared persecution.
W
X
Y
Z
303
W BG
CS
DE
withdrawal of an application for international protection

vzt zpt dost oudlen mezinrodn ochrany
Rcknahme des Antrags auf internationalen Schutz
Definition
The actions bywhich the applicant terminates the procedures
initiated bythe submission oftheir application for international
EL protection, inaccordance with Directive 2013/32/EU, either
ES retirada de una solicitud de proteccin internacional explicitly ortacitly.
ET rahvusvahelise kaitse taotluse tagasivtmine
FI kansainvlist suojelua koskevan hakemuksen Source
peruuttaminen
Derived by EMN from Art. 27 and 28 of Directive 2013/32/EU
FR retrait dune demande deprotection internationale
(Recast Asylum Procedures Directive)
GA iarratas archosaint idirnisinta atharraingt siar
HU nemzetkzi vdelem irnti krelem visszavonsa
Broader term
IT ritiro della domanda diprotezione internazionale
LT praymo suteikti prieglobst nagrinjimo nutraukimas
LV starptautisks aizsardzbas pieteikuma atsaukana
MT Irtirar ta applikazzjoni gall-protezzjoni
internazzjonali
NL intrekking van een verzoek ominternationale
bescherming
PL wycofanie wniosku oochron midzynarodow
PT retirada do pedido de proteco internacional
RO retragerea cerere de protectie internationala
SK spvzatie iadosti omedzinrodn ochranu /
spvzatie iadosti oudelenie medzinrodnej ochrany
SL umik pronje zamednarodno zaito
SV terkallande avanskan ominternationellt skydd
NO tilbaketrekking av sknad om internasjonal
beskyttelse (b)/ tilbaketrekking av sknad
ominternasjonalt vern (n)
304
A
withdrawal of international protection
B
BG Definition
CS odnt mezinrodn ochrany The decision byacompetent authority torevoke, end orrefuse C
DE Aberkennung des internationalen Schutzes torenew the refugee orsubsidiary protection status ofaper-
EL son inaccordance with Directive 2011/95/EU. D
ES retirada dela proteccin internacional
ET rahvusvahelise kaitse tagasivtmine Source E
FI kansainvlisen suojelun poistaminen / Art.2(o) ofDirective 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures
lakkauttaminen/ peruttaminen F
Directive)
FR retrait dela protection internationale
GA cosaint idirnisinta atharraingt siar
HU nemzetkzi vdelem visszavonsa
Narrower term G
withdrawal ofrefugee status
IT revoca della protezione internazionale
LT prieglobsio panaikinimas
H
LV starptautisks aizsardzbas statusa atemana
Related terms
MT Irtirar tal-protezzjoni internazzjonali
refugee status I
NL intrekking van deinternationale bescherming
PL cofnicie ochrony midzynarodowej J
PT retirada do estatuto de proteo internacional
RO retragerea proteciei internaionale K
SK odatie medzinrodnej ochrany
SL preklic mednarodne zaite L
SV terkallande avinternationellt skydd
NO tilbaketrekking av internasjonal beskyttelse (b) / M
tilbaketrekking av internasjonalt vern (n)
N
O
withdrawal of refugee status
P
BG Definition
CS odnt postaven uprchlka The decision byacompetent authority torevoke, end orrefuse
Q
DE Entziehung / Aberkennung der Flchtlingseigenschaft torenew the refugee status ofaperson inaccordance with
EL Directive 2011/95/EU. R
ES retirada del estatuto derefugiado
ET pagulasseisundi kehtetuks tunnistamine
Source S
FI pakolaisaseman poistaminen /lakkauttaminen /
Derived byEMN from Art.2(o) ofDirective 2013/32/EU (Recast
peruuttaminen
Asylum Procedures Directive) T
FR retrait dustatut derfugi
GA stdas ddeana atharraingt siar U
HU menekltgyi sttusz visszavonsa
Broader term
withdrawal ofinternational protection
IT revoca dello status dirifugiato
LT pabglio statuso panaikinimas
V
Related term
LV
MT
bga statusa zaudana
Revoka / Kanellazzjoni / Tneija tal-istatus ta refujat refugee status W
NL intrekking van deinternationale beschermingsstatus
PL cofnicie statusu uchodcy X
PT retirada doestatuto derefugiado
RO retragerea statutului derefugiat Y
SK odatie postavenia [statusu, tattu] uteenca
(EUacquis) Z
SL preklic statusa begunca
SV terkallande avflyktingstatus
NO tilbakekall av flyktningstatus (b) /
attendekallingavflyktningstatus (n)
305
X BG
CS
DE
xenophobia

xenofobie
Auslnderfeindlichkeit / Fremdenfeindlichkeit /
Definition
Attitudes, prejudices and behaviour that reject, exclude and often
vilify persons, based onthe perception that they are outsiders
Xenophobie orforeigners tothe community, society ornational identity.
EL
ES xenofobia Source
ET ksenofoobia / vraviha UNESCO Glossary ofmigration-related terms
FI muukalaispelko, muukalaisviha;
vieraanpelko,vierasviha
Related terms
FR xnophobie
racial discrimination
GA seineafibe
racism
HU xenofbia/ idegengyllet
IT xenofobia
LT ksenofobija
Notes
LV ksenofobija 1.According tothe EUacquis, and specifically Art.1ofFrame-
MT Ksenofobija work Decision 2008/913/JHA, offences concerning racism and
NL xenofobie xenophobia are considered tobe:
PL ksenofobia
PT xenofobia (a) publicly inciting toviolence orhatred directed against
RO xenofobie agroup ofpersons oramember ofsuch agroup defined
SK xenofbia byreference torace, colour, religion, descent ornational
SL ksenofobija orethnic origin;
SV frmlingsfientlighet
NO fremmedfrykt (b) / framandfrykt (n) (b) the commission ofan act referred toin point (a) bypublic
dissemination ordistribution oftracts, pictures orother
material;
(c) publicly condoning, denying orgrossly trivialising crimes

of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes
asdefined inArticles 6, 7and 8ofthe Statute ofthe Interna-
tional Criminal Court, directed against agroup ofpersons
orhatred against such agroup oramember ofsuch agroup;
(d) publicly condoning, denying orgrossly trivialising the

crimes defined inArt.6ofthe Charter ofthe International

Military Tribunal appended tothe London Agreement
of8August 1945, directed against agroup ofpersons
orhatred against such agroup oramember ofsuch agroup.
306
A
Bibliography of sources
B
1. European legislation and policy Council Directive 2005/71/EC (Researchers Directive),
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ C
1.1. TREATIES, PROTOCOLS AND TXT/?uri=CELEX:32005L0071
CONVENTIONS Council Directive 2009/50/EC (Blue Card Directive), D
Dublin Convention (97/C 254/01), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/ http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/
legal-content/EN/ALL/;jsessionid=TTrpTsvTr1VHTFy9MgfSBL ALL/?uri=CELEX:32009L0050 E
jMcpPCKDrm1cPFy6J4JhpSnhcxvrD2!-228044560?uri=CEL Directive 2004/38/EC (FreeMovement Directive),
EX:41997A0819(01) http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/ F
European Charter of Fundamental Rights (200/C 364/01), ALL/?uri=CELEX:32004L0038
http://www.europarl.europa.eu/charter/pdf/text_en.pdf Directive 1996/71/EC (Posting of Workers Directive), G
Protocol concerning the conditions and arrangements for http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/
admission of the Republic of Bulgaria and Romania to the TXT/?uri=CELEX:31996L0071 H
European Union, 2005, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/ Directive 2005/36/EC (Professional Qualification Directive),
legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:L:2005:157:TOC http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ I
Protocol 29 of Treaty on the Functioning of the European TXT/?uri=celex:32005L0036
Union (TFEU) on asylum for nationals of Member States Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive), http://eur-lex. J
ofthe European Union, 1997, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/ europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32008L0115
legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:12006E/PRO/29 Directive 2009/52/EC (Employer Sanctions Directive), K
Treaty establishing the European Union (TEC) (Treaty of http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/
Amsterdam), 1997, http://old.eur-lex.europa.eu/en/treaties/ TXT/?uri=CELEX:32009L0052 L
dat/11997E/htm/11997E.html#0173010078 Directive 2011/36/EU (Trafficking Directive), http://eur-lex.
Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32011L0036 M
(Lisbon Treaty), 2007, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/ Directive 2011/51/EU amending Council Directive
EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:12012E/TXT 2003/109/EC (Long Term Residents Directive) to extend N
itsscope to beneficiaries of international protection,
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/
1.2. DIRECTIVES (INCLUDING PROPOSALS) TXT/?uri=CELEX:32011L0051
O
Council Directive 2000/43/EC (Racial Equality Directive), Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive),
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/
P
ALL/?uri=CELEX:32000L0043 TXT/?uri=CELEX:32011L0095
Council Directive 2001/40/EC (Expulsion Decision Directive), Directive 2011/98/EU (Single Permit Directive),
Q
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/
TXT/?uri=CELEX:32001L0040 ALL/?uri=CELEX:32011L0098 R
Council Directive 2001/55/EC (Temporary Protection Directive 2013/32/EC (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive),
Directive), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/ http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ S
TXT/?uri=celex:32001L0055 TXT/?uri=CELEX:32013L0032
Council Directive 2003/9/EC (Reception Conditions Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception Conditions T
Directive), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ Directive), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/
ALL/?uri=CELEX:32003L0009 TXT/?uri=CELEX:32013L0033 U
Council Directive 2003/86/EC (Family Reunification Directive 2014/36/EU (Seasonal Workers Directive),
Directive), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ V
ALL/?uri=CELEX:32003L0086 TXT/?uri=uriserv:OJ.L_.2014.094.01.0375.01.ENG
Council Directive 2003/109/EC (Long Term Residents Proposal for a Directive on conditions of entry and W
Directive), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/ residence of third-country nationals in the framework
ALL/?uri=CELEX:32003L0109 ofanintra-corporate transfer, COM(2010) 378 final, X
Council Directive 2004/82/EC (API Directive), http://eur-lex. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/
europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32004L0082 TXT/?uri=celex:52010PC0378 Y
Council Directive 2004/114/EC (Student Migration Proposal for a Directive on the conditions of entry and
Directive), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ residence of third-country nationals for the purposes of Z
ALL/?uri=CELEX:32004L0114 research, studies, pupil exchange, remunerated and
unremunerated training, voluntary service and au pairing,
307
COM(2013) 151 final, http://www.ipex.eu/IPEXL-WEB/ 1.5. COMMISSION COMMUNICATIONS AND
dossier/document/COM20130151.do STAFF WORKING DOCUMENTS
Proposal for a Directive on the protection of individuals with European Commission: Communication on regional
regard to the processing of personal data by competent protection programmes, COM(2005) 388 final,
authorities for the purposes of prevention, investigation, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/
detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the TXT/?uri=CELEX:52005DC0388
execution of criminal penalties, and the free movement European Commission: Communication on a Common
ofsuch data COM(2012) 10 final, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/ Agenda for Integration, COM(2005) 389 final, http://eur-lex.
LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2012:0010:FIN:EN:PDF europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:52005DC0389
European Commission: Communication on Migration
1.3. DECISIONS AND FRAMEWORK andDevelopment, COM(2005) 390 final,
DECISIONS http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?
Council Decision 2005/267/EC establishing a secure uri=COM:2005:0390:FIN:EN:PDF
web-based Information and Coordination Network for European Commission: Communication on the Global
Migration Management Services, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/ Approach to Migration, COM(2006) 735 final,
legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32005D0267 http://ec.europa.eu/prelex/detail_dossier_real.cfm?
Council Decision 2006/616/EC on the Protocol Against the CL=en&DosId=195039
Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, http://eur-lex. European Commission: Communication applying the Global
europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32006D0616 Approach to Migration to the Eastern and South-Eastern
Council Decision 2006/688/EC (Mutual Information Regions Neighbouring the European Union, COM(2007) 47
Mechanism Decision), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/ final, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/
EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32006D0688 TXT/?qid=1412775470534&uri=URISERV:l14565
Decision 2007/573/EC (Refugee Fund Decision), European Commission: Communication on Black Sea
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ Synergy, COM(2007) 160 final, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/
TXT/?uri=CELEX:32007D0573 legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52007DC0160
Council Decision 2007/574/EC (External Border Fund European Commission: Communication on circular
Decision), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ migration and Mobility Partnerships, COM(2007) 248 final,
ALL/?uri=CELEX:32007D0574 http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/
Council Decision 2008/381/EC (European Migration Network TXT/?uri=celex:52007DC0248
Decision), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ European Commission: Communication on an area of
ALL/?uri=CELEX:32008D0381 freedom, security and justice serving the citizen COM(2009)
Council Framework Decision 2008/913/JHA on combating 262, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?
certain forms and expressions of racism and xenophobia by uri=COM:2009:0262:FIN:en:PDF
means of criminal law, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/ European Commission: Communication on the Global
legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32008F0913 Approach to Migration and Mobility, COM(2011) 743 final,
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?
1.4. COUNCIL CONCLUSIONS uri=COM:2011:0743:FIN:EN:PDF
Council of the EU Conclusions of the General Affairs European Commission Staff Working Document on
Council, 10 December 1998, http://www.consilium.europa. Strengthened Practical Cooperation SEC(2006) 189,
eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/gena/ACF2D3.htm http://www.ulb.ac.be/assoc/odysseus/CEAS/CEAS%20
Council of the EU Conclusions of the 2618th Justice and SEC%20(2006)%20189.pdf

Home Affairs Council Meeting, 19 November 2004, European Commission: Staff Working Document
http://www.consilium.europa.eu/ueDocs/cms_Data/docs/ onthepolicy plan on asylum: an integrated approach
pressData/en/jha/82745.pdf toprotection across the EU, SEC(2008) 2029 final,
Council of the EU Conclusions on the EU Strategy towards http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.
the Eradication of Trafficking in Human Beings 20122016, do?uri=CELEX:52008SC2029:EN:HTML
25 October 2012, http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/
cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/jha/133202.pdf 1.6. REGULATIONS
Council of the EU Conclusions on the Global Approach Council Regulation (EC) No 539/2001 on third countries
toMigration and Mobility, 29 May 2012, http://register. whose nationals must be in possession of visas when
consilium.europa.eu/pdf/en/12/st09/st09417.en12.pdf crossing the external borders and those whose nationals
Council of the EU Conclusions on the organization and are exempt from that requirement, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/
development of the Centre for Information, Discussion and legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32001R0539
Exchange on the Crossing of Frontiers and Immigration Council Regulation (EC) No 377/2004 (Immigration Liaison
(CIREFI), 30 November 1994, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/ Officer Regulation), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/
legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:31996Y0919(15) EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32004R0377
308
Council Regulation (EC) No 168/2007 (FRA Regulation), 1.7. AGREEMENTS
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ Africa-Pacific-Caribbean (ACP)-EU Partnership Agreement,
ALL/?uri=CELEX:32007R0168 revised 25 June 2005 (Cotonou Agreement),
Regulation (EC) No 562/2006 (Schengen Borders Code), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ LSU/?uri=CELEX:22000A1215(01)
ALL/?uri=CELEX:32006R0562 EU Readmission Agreement with Serbia (2007/819/EC),
Regulation (EC) No 1931/2006 (Local Border Traffic http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/
Regulation), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ TXT/?uri=CELEX:32007D0819
ALL/?uri=CELEX:32006R1931 Joint Africa-EU Declaration on Migration and Development,
Regulation (EC) No 458/2007 (ESSPROS Regulation), 2006 (Tripoli Declaration), http://sa.au.int/en/sites/default/
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ files/Joint%20Africa-EU%20Declaration%20on%20
TXT/?uri=CELEX:32007R1322 Migration%20and%20Development.pdf
Regulation (EC) No. 862/2007 (Migration Statistics
Regulation), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ 1.8. OTHER POLICY DOCUMENTS
TXT/?uri=CELEX:32007R0862 Common Consular Instructions on visas for the diplomatic
Regulation (EC) No 863/2007 (Rapid Border Intervention missions and consular posts (2005/C 326/01),
Teams Regulation), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/ http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/
EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32007R0863 TXT/?uri=uriserv:OJ.C_.2005.326.01.0001.01.ENG
Regulation (EC) No 763/2008 (Population and Housing Council of the EU note from the Presidency to SCIFA on
Censuses Regulation), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/ SCIFAs role and working methods, Document 17476/10,
EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32008R0763 http://www.statewatch.org/news/2011/jan/
Regulation (EU) No 265/2010 (Long-Stay Visa Regulation), eu-council-scifa-role-17476-10.pdf
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ Council of the EU Press Release on launching of EU-LAC
TXT/?uri=celex:32010R0265 dialogue, 11577/09 (Presse 201), 30 June 2009,
Regulation (EU) No 439/2010 (EASO Regulation), http://www.migracion-ue-alc.eu/documents/keydocs/EN/
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ. EU-LAC_Structured_and_Comprehensive_Dialogue_on%20
do?uri=OJ:L:2010:132:0011:0028:EN:PDF Migration-June-30-2009-EN.pdf
Regulation (EU) No 493/2011 amending Council Regulation Council Resolution of 20 June 1994 on limitation of
(EC) No 377/2004 on the creation of an immigration liaison admission to the territory for employment,
officers network, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/
TXT/?uri=CELEX:32011R0493 TXT/?uri=CELEX:31996Y0919(02)
Regulation (EU) No 1168/2011 amending Council Council Resolution of 26 June 1997 on unaccompanied
Regulation (EC) No 2007/2004 (FRONTEX Regulation), minors, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/;
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ ELX_SESSIONID=3rvlJgpcv2154w4LYt8J3gqwn2nBVcJbCB
TXT/?uri=CELEX:32011R1168 h7FGmJf4SNScDgT6Rn!-1887740127?uri=CELEX:319
Regulation (EU) No 465/2012 on the coordination of social 97Y0719(02)
security systems, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ European Commission against Racism and Intolerance
TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R0465 (ECRI): General Policy Recommendation N7: National
Regulation (EU) No 603/2013 (Eurodac Regulation), legislation to combat racism and racial discrimination,
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/ecri/activities/gpr/en/
TXT/?uri=CELEX:32013R0603 recommendation_n7/ecri03-8%20recommendation%20
Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation), nr%207.pdf
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ Evaluation of the European Year of Intercultural Dialogue,
ALL/?uri=CELEX:32013R0604 2008 (COM/2010/0361 final), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/
Regulation (EU) No 610/2013 legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:52010DC0361
(Schengen Borders Code-amended), Schengen Acquis, http://consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ cmsUpload/SCH.ACQUIS-EN.pdf
TXT/?uri=celex:32013R0610
Regulation (EU) No 1052/2013 (EUROSUR Regulation),
TXT/?uri=uriserv:OJ.L_.2013.295.01.0011.01.ENG
Regulation (EU) No 516/2014
(Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund),
TXT/?uri=CELEX:32014R0516
309
2. International legislation and policy United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized
Crime, 2000, http://www.unodc.org/unodc/treaties/CTOC/
2.1. INTERNATIONAL TREATIES AND United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
CONVENTIONS Organisation (UNESCO) Universal Declaration on Cultural
Charter of the International Military Tribunal appended Diversity, 2001, http://unesdoc.unesco.org/
tothe London Agreement of 8 August 1945, images/0012/001271/127160m.pdf
notavailableonline
Convention on Certain Questions Relating to the Conflict 2.4. UNITED NATIONS (UN) CONSTITUTIONS,
ofNationality Law, 1930, http://www.refworld.org/ RESOLUTIONS, PROTOCOLS, COMMENTS
docid/3ae6b3b00.html ANDCONCLUSIONS
International Labour Organisation (ILO) Resolution
2.2. COUNCIL OF EUROPE CONVENTIONS concerning Decent Work and the Informal Economy, 2002,
AND RESOLUTIONS http://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/relm/ilc/ilc90/
Council of Europe Resolution 1468 (2005) pdf/pr-25res.pdf
onForcedmarriages and child marriages, United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child,
http://www.assembly.coe.int/Main.asp?link=/Documents/ General Comment No. 6, http://tb.ohchr.org/default.
AdoptedText/ta05/ERES1468.htm aspx?Symbol=CRC/GC/2005/6
Council of Europe Resolution 1509 (2006) on the human United Nations Constitution of the International Refugee
rights of irregular migrants, http://assembly.coe.int/main. Organization, 15 December 1946, http://www.refworld.org/
asp?Link=/documents/adoptedtext/ta06/eres1509.htm docid/3ae6b37810.html
European Convention on Nationality,1997, United Nations General Assembly Resolution 47/121, 1992.
http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/en/Treaties/Html/166.htm http://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/47/a47r121.htm
European Convention on the Recognition of Qualifications United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
concerning Higher Education in the European Region, 1997, Executive Committee (ExCom) Conclusion No. 58 (1989),
http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/en/Treaties/Html/165.htm http://www.unhcr.org/3ae68c4380.html
European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), 2005, United Nations Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants
http://tb.ohchr.org/default.aspx?Symbol=CRC/GC/2005/6 by Land, Sea and Air, Supplementing the United Nations
Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, 2000,
2.3. UNITED NATIONS (UN) CONVENTIONS http://www.unodc.org/documents/treaties/UNTOC/
AND COVENANTS Publications/TOC%20Convention/TOCebook-e.pdf
International Convention on the Protection of All Migrant United Nations Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish
Workers and Members of their Families, 18 December Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children,
1990, http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cmw/cmw.htm Supplementing the United Nations Convention against
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), Transnational Organized Crime, 2000 (Palermo Protocol),
16 December 1966, http://www.ohchr.org/en/ http://www.uncjin.org/Documents/Conventions/dcatoc/
professionalinterest/pages/ccpr.aspx final_documents_2/convention_%20traff_eng.pdf
International Labour Organisation (ILO) Convention No. 29, United Nations Security Council: Final Report of the
1930 (Forced Labour Convention), Commission of Experts established Pursuant to Security
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB: Council Resolution 780 (1992), http://www.icty.org/x/file/
12100:0::NO::P12100_INSTRUMENT_ID:312174 About/OTP/un_commission_of_experts_report1994_en.pdf
United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment

of the Crime of Genocide of 1948, 2.5. INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS
http://www.oas.org/dil/1948_Convention_on_the_Prevention_ Arrangements with regard to Russian and Armenian
and_Punishment_of_the_Crime_of_Genocide.pdf Refugees of 12 May 1926, http://www.refworld.org/
United Nations Convention of 1951 and Protocol of 1968 pdfid/3dd8b5802.pdf
relating to the Status of Refugees (Geneva Convention), Arrangement with regard to Turkish and Assyrian Refugees
http://www.unhcr.org/protect/PROTECTION/3b66c2aa10.pdf of 30 June 1928, not available online
United Nations Convention relating to the Status ofStateless General Agreement on Trades and Services (GATS), 1994,
Persons, 1954, http://www.unhcr.org/3bbb25729.html http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/serv_e/gatsintr_e.htm
United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms Ouagadougou Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Human
of Racial Discrimination, 1965, http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ Beings, especially Women and Children, http://www.au.int/
ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CERD.aspx en/sites/default/files/Ouagadougou%20Action%20Plan%
United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, 20-%20E.pdf
Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, 1975, Ouagadougou Declaration and Plan of Action for Promotion
http://www.hrweb.org/legal/cat.html of Employment and Poverty Alleviation, http://www.ilo.org/
United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child of wcmsp5/groups/public/---africa/---ro-addis_ababa/
20November 1989, http://www.unicef.org/crc/ documents/meetingdocument/wcms_234814.pdf
310
2.6. NATIONAL LEGISLATION United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
German Federal Administrative Court: Ruling of 15 May Organisation (UNESCO) Online Glossary of migration-
1990 - 9 C 17., http://www.refworld.org/country,,DEU_ related terms, http://www.unesco.org/most/migration/
BUNDESVERWALT,,deu,,3ae6b73324,0.html glossary_xenophobia.htm
Irish Refugee Act, 1996, http://www.irishstatutebook. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
ie/1996/en/act/pub/0017/ Organisation (UNESCO): People on the Move. Handbook of
selected terms and concepts, version 1.0, July 2008, http://
2.7. INTERNATIONAL CASE LAW unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0016/001636/163621e.pdf
ICTY Trial Chamber Judgment, Krsti, IT-98-33-T, 2 August United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR):
2001, para. 562, http://www.icty.org/x/cases/krstic/tjug/en/ International Thesaurus of Refugee Terminology, http://
krs-tj010802e.pdf www.refugeethesaurus.org/hms/home.php?publiclogin=1
International Criminal Court (ICC): Rome Statute of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR):
International Criminal Court, http://www.icc-cpi.int/nr/ Status Determination and Protection Information Section,
rdonlyres/add16852-aee9-4757-abe7- Master Glossary of Terms, June 2006, http://www.unhcr.org/
9cdc7cf02886/283503/romestatuteng1.pdf cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain/opendocpdf.pdf?
docid=42ce7d444
3. Glossaries and Thesauri

4. Websites
EUDO Observatory on Citizenship: EUDO Online Glossary
onCitizenship and Nationality, http://eudo-citizenship.eu/ 5+5 Dialogue: official website, http://www.5plus5.gov.mt/
databases/citizenship-glossary/glossary en/5plus5dialogue
EuropeAid: Glossary of gender and development terms: Africa Caribbean Pacific (ACP) Observatory on Migration:
Toolkit on mainstreaming gender equality in official website, http://www.acpmigration-obs.org/
ECdevelopment cooperation, http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/ Africa-EU Partnership: official website,
toolkit-mainstreaming-gender-equality-ec-development- http://www.africa-eu-partnership.org/
cooperation_en?language=fr Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM), Information Platform: official
European Commission, DG Home e-Library Glossary, website, http://www.aseminfoboard.org/
http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/e-library/glossary/ Bali Process on People Smuggling, Trafficking in Persons
index_a_en.htm and Related Transnational Crime (Bali Process): official
European Migration Network (EMN): Asylum and Migration website, http://www.baliprocess.net/
Glossary (online version), http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home- Budapest Process, a Silk Routes Partnership for Migration:
affairs/what-we-do/networks/european_migration_ official website, https://www.budapestprocess.org/
network/glossary/index_a_en.htm DG Employment and Social Affairs: Mutual Information
Eurostat: Concepts and Definitions Database, System on Social Protection (MISSOC): official website,
http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/nomenclatures/ http://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=815&langId=en
index.cfm?TargetUrl=LST_NOM_DTLGLOSSARY DG Employment and Social Affairs: official website,
&StrNom=CODED2&StrLanguageCode=EN http://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=751&langId=en
Eurostat: Glossary on Demographic Statistics, DG Justice: official website, webpage on the Rights of the
http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_SDDS/Annexes/ Child, http://ec.europa.eu/justice/fundamental-rights/
demo_pop_esms_an1.htm rights-child/index_en.htm
FRA (EUMC): Open Glossary, Glossary no longer DG Taxation and Customs Union (DG TAXUD): official
availableonline website, http://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/index_en.htm
International Labour Organisation (ILO): ILO Thesaurus, EU Anti-Trafficking Coordinator: official website,
6thedition, 2008, http://www.ilo.org/thesaurus/ http://ec.europa.eu/anti-trafficking/
International Organisation for Migration (IOM): Glossary Euro-African Dialogue on Migration and Development
onMigration, 1st ed. (International Migration Law), 2004, (Rabat Process): official website,
http://publications.iom.int/bookstore/free/IML_1_EN.pdf http://www.processusderabat.net/web/index.php/activities
International Organisation for Migration (IOM): Glossary EuropeAid: official website, webpage on the Cotonou
onMigration, 2nd ed. (International Migration Law N25), Agreement, https://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/regions/
2011, http://www.iom.int.vn/joomla/files/ african-caribbean-and-pacific-acp-region/
Glossary_2nd_ed_web.pdf cotonou-agreement_en
Migration, Citizenship, Education Glossary, European Agency for the Management of Operational
http://migrationeducation.de/glossary.0.html Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States
OECD: Online Glossary of Statistical Terms, of the European Union (Frontex): official website,
http://stats.oecd.org/glossary/ http://frontex.europa.eu
311
European Asylum Support Office (EASO): official website, La Maddalena to Laquila summit 2009 G8: official website,
http://easo.europa.eu/ http://www.g8italia2009.it/G8/Home/News/
European Citizens Information: official website, description G8-G8_Layout_locale-1199882116809_AppGiustizia.htm
of freedom of movement, http://www.citizensinformation. Migration, Asylum, Refugees Regional Initiative (MARRI):
ie/en/moving_country/moving_abroad/ official website, http://www.marri-rc.org/
freedom_of_movement_within_the_eu/ Norwegian Labour Inspection Authority (arbeidstilsynet):
freedom_of_movement_in_the_eu.html official website, webpage on regulations regarding workers
European Commission: European Website on Integration, from the new EU-countries, http://www.arbeidstilsynet.no/
http://ec.europa.eu/ewsi/en/EU_actions_integration.cfm fakta.html?tid=78186
European Court of Human Rights: official website, Prague Process: official website,
http://www.echr.coe.int/Pages/home.aspx?p=basictexts http://www.pragueprocess.eu/english/prague-process/
&c=#n13781175569107338240957_pointer Statistical Office of the European Union (EUROSTAT):
European Database of Asylum Law (EDAL): official website, official website, http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/
http://www.asylumlawdatabase.eu/en/ page/portal/about_eurostat/introduction
case-law-search?search_api_views_ United National High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR):
fulltext=group+persecution&=Search+EDAL+summaries official website, http://www.unhcr.org/
European External Policy Advisors and Eurostep: official United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the
website, webpage on the Lisbon Treaty, Empowerment of Women (UN Woman): official website,
http://www.lisbon-treaty.org/wcm/the-lisbon-treaty.html http://www.unwomen.org/en
European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Universit Catholique de Louvain (UCL): Towards
Working Conditions (Eurofound): official website, Harmonised European Statistics on International Migration
www.eurofound.europa.eu (THESIM) project: official website, https://www.uclouvain.be/
European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA): en-7823.html
official website, http://fra.europa.eu/en
European Union External Action (EEAS), Black Sea Synergy:
official website, http://eeas.europa.eu/blacksea/ 5. Literature
index_en.htm
European Union External Action (EEAS): official website, Council of Europe: COMPASS A Manual on Human Rights
webpage on the Eastern Partnership Education with Young People, chapter on Discrimination and
http://eeas.europa.eu/eastern/index_en.htm Xenophobia, http://www.eycb.coe.int/compass/en/
European Union External Action (EEAS): official website, chapter_5/5_4.html
webpage on the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership Council of Europe: Guidelines on human rights protection in
(EUROMED) http://eeas.europa.eu/euromed/index_en.htm the context of accelerated asylum procedures, 1 July 2009,
General Directors Immigration Services Conference https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc.jsp?id=1469829&Site=CM
(GDISC): official website, http://www.gdisc.org/ Council of Europe: White Paper on Intercultural Dialogue,
Global Forum on Migration and Development (GFMD): May 2008, http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/intercultural/source/
official website, http://www.gfmd.org/process/background white%20paper_final_revised_en.pdf
Intergovernmental Consultations on migration, asylum and DG Home Affairs (DG HOME): List of projects funded by the
refugees (IGC): official website, http://www.igc.ch/ European Refugee Fund in 2011, http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/
Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC): home-affairs/financing/fundings/migration-asylum-
http://www.internal-displacement.org/about-us borders/refugee-fund/transnational-actions/docs/
International Centre for Migration Policy Development erf_ca_2011_call_for_proposals_-_list_of_proposals_
(ICMPD): official website, https://www.icmpd.org selected_for_funding_en.pdf
International Labour Organisation (ILO): official website, DG Justice, Freedom and Security (DG JLS): Handbook on
webpage on the International Programme on the Integration for policy-makers and practitioners, May 2007,
Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC), http://www.ilo.org/ipec/ http://ec.europa.eu/ewsi/UDRW/images/items/
facts/lang--en/index.htm docl_1214_371021031.pdf
International Organisation for Migration (IOM): official European Asylum Support Office (EASO): Age assessment
website, description of migration profiles, practice in Europe, December 2013, http://easo.europa.eu/
http://www.iom.int/cms/en/sites/iom/home/what-we-do/ wp-content/uploads/EASO-Age-assessment-practice-in-
migration-policy-and-research/migration-research-1/ Europe.pdf
migration-profiles.html
International Organisation for Migration (IOM): official
website, https://www.iom.int/cms/about-iom
312
European Migration Network (EMN): Ad-Hoc Query on emn_synthesis_report_migrant_access_to_social_
System of medical treatment of asylum seekers in Member security_2014_en.pdf
States, http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/what-we-do/ European Migration Network (EMN): Use of detention and
networks/european_migration_network/reports/docs/ alternatives to detention in the context of immigration
ad-hoc-queries/protection/223._emn_ad-hoc_query_ policies, 2014, http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/
system_of_medical_treatment_of_asylum_seekers_in_ what-we-do/networks/european_migration_network/
ms_3may2010__wider_dissemina_en.pdf reports/studies/results/irregular-migration/index_en.htm
European Migration Network (EMN): Return Migration, 2007, European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA):
http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/what-we-do/networks/ Developing indicators for the protection, respect and
european_migration_network/reports/docs/emn-studies/ promotion of the rights of the child in the European Union,
return-migration/0a._emn__return_migration_study_ March 2009, http://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2012/
synthesis_report_may07_en.pdf developing-indicators-protection-respect-and-promotion-
European Migration Network (EMN): Family Reunification, rights-child-european-union
2008, http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/what-we-do/ European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA):
networks/european_migration_network/reports/ Study on separated, asylum seeking children in EU Member
docs/emn-studies/family-reunification/ States, 2010, http://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/
emn__family_reunification_synthesis_report_jan08_en.pdf fra_uploads/1692-SEPAC-comparative-report_EN.pdf
European Migration Network (EMN): EMN: Policies on European University Institute: the Development of the EU
Reception, Return and Integration Arrangements for, and Asylum Policy: Revisiting the Venue-shopping Argument,
numbers of, Unaccompanied Minors an EU comparative http://www.eui.eu/Documents/RSCAS/Research/
study, 2010, http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/what- MWG/201011/10-27-Kaunert.pdf
we-do/networks/european_migration_network/ Eurostat: Demographic statistics: Definitions and methods
reports/docs/emn-studies/unaccompanied-minors/ of collection in 31 European Countries (Working Papers and
0._emn_synthesis_report_unaccompanied_minors_ Studies, 3/2003/E/no25), http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/
publication_sept10_en.pdf ramon/statmanuals/files/KS-CC-03-005-EN.pdf
European Migration Network (EMN): Programmes and Eurostat: Trafficking in human beings (Methodologies and
strategies in the EU Member States fostering assisted Working Papers), 2013, http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/
return to and reintegration in Third Countries, 2011, cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-RA-13-005/EN/
http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/what-we-do/networks/ KS-RA-13-005-EN.PDF
european_migration_network/reports/docs/emn-studies/ Global Forum on Migration and Development: Repository
assisted-return/0_emn_synthesis_report_assisted_return_ ofMigration Profiles, http://www.gfmd.org/pfp/policy-tools/
and_reintegration_final_version_22march2011_en.pdf migration-profiles/repository
European Migration Network (EMN): Misuse of family International Centre for Migration Policy Development
reunification, 2012, http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/ (ICMPD): Regularisations in Europe (REGINE) Study on
what-we-do/networks/european_migration_network/ practices in the area of regularisation of illegally staying
reports/docs/emn-studies/family-reunification/ third-country nationals in the Member States of the
0a_emn_misuse_family_reunification_study_ European Union, February 2009, http://research.icmpd.org/
publication_bf_en.pdf fileadmin/Research-Website/Logos/Publications/REGINE_
European Migration Network (EMN): The Organisation of Policy_Brief.pdf
Reception Facilities for Asylum Seekers in different Member International Labour Organisation (ILO): ISCO-88,
States, 2013, http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/ International Standard Classification of Occupations.
what-we-do/networks/european_migration_network/ International Labour Office, Geneva 1990, http://www.ilo.org/
reports/docs/emn-studies/emn_second_ wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---stat/documents/
focussedstudy2013_oganisation_of_reception_ meetingdocument/wcms_087943.pdf
facilities_final_version_28feb2014.pdf International Organisation for Migration (IOM): World
European Migration Network (EMN): Identification of victims Migration Report, 2008, http://publications.iom.int/
of trafficking in human beings in international protection bookstore/free/WMR_1.pdf
and forced return procedures, 2014, http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/ Malgesini and Gimnez: Gua de conceptos sobre
home-affairs/what-we-do/networks/european_migration_ migraciones racismo e inteculturalidad, 2000,
network/reports/docs/emn-studies/emn_synthesis_ not available online
identification_victims_trafficking_final_13march2014.pdf Migration Policy Institute: Skilled Immigrants in the Global
European Migration Network (EMN): Migrants access to Economy: Prospects for International Cooperation on
social security and healthcare: policies and practice, 2014, Recognition of Foreign Qualifications, 2013,
http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/what-we-do/networks/ http://www.migrationpolicy.org/research/
european_migration_network/reports/docs/emn-studies/ international-cooperation-recognition-foreign-qualifications
313
Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR):
(OSCE): National referral mechanism: joining efforts to Note on Burden and Standard of Proof in Refugee Claims,
protect the rights of trafficked persons, 2004, 16 December 1998, http://www.refworld.org/
http://www.osce.org/odihr/13967?download=true docid/3ae6b3338.html
Oxford Migration Observatory: Migration Observatory United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR):
Response to House of Lords EU Home Affairs Sub- Beyond Proof - Credibility Assessment in EU Asylum
committees inquiry into the European Commissions Systems, 2013, http://www.unhcr.org/51a8a08a9.html
Communication on a Global Approach to Migration and United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR):
Mobility, 25 July 2012, http://migrationobservatory.ox.ac. Draft Proposal for a Central Mediterranean Sea Initiative:
uk/migration-observatory-response-call-evidence EU solidarity for rescue-at-sea, protection and
United Nations: Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, comprehensive responses, 2013, http://www.refworld.org/
http://www.unhcr.org/43ce1cff2.html pdfid/52c172f84.pdf
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe: United Nations Statistics: Recommendations on Statistics of
Recommendations for the 2010 Censuses of Population International Migration, http://unstats.un.org/unsd/
and Housing, 2010, http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/ publication/SeriesM/SeriesM_58rev1e.pdf
stats/publications/CES_2010_Census_Recommendations_ Varandas, I. and J. Martins: Signalling Identification
English.pdf Integration of Victims of Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR): Construction of a Guide, 2007, not available online
Voluntary Repatriation: International Protection - handbook, World Bank: Committee on Payment and Settlement
1996, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3510.html System General principles for remittances, January 2007,
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/NEWS/Resources/
GeneralPrinciplesforIntRemittances.pdf
314
English index
English
(civil) war refugee 56 application for international protection 304
1951 Convention Relating to the Status of 135 (withdrawal of)
Refugeesandthe 1967 Protocol Relating application for international protection 29
totheStatusof Refugees apprehension 30
1951 Geneva Convention 135 ASEM 30
1967 Geneva Protocol 135 Asia-Europe Meeting 30
5+5 Dialogue 129 assimilation 31
5+5 Dialogue on Migration in the 129 assisted voluntary return 31
WesternMediterranean asylum (application for) 28
absconding (risk of) 253 asylum (first country of) 128
absconding 10 asylum (right of) 249
French
accelerated international protection procedure 11 asylum (right to) 250
accelerated procedure for international 11 asylum 32
protection asylum applicant 33
access to healthcare 12 asylum application 28
accommodation centre 13 asylum case worker 47
acculturation 13 asylum determination officer 47
ACP-EC Partnership Agreement 65 asylum seeker 33
ACP 20 asylum shopping 34
ACP Observatory on Migration 20 au pair 35
German
acquis 102 Bali Process 36
acquisition of citizenship 14 Bali Process on People Smuggling, Trafficking 36
act of persecution 15 inPersons and Related Transnational Crime
actor of persecution 16 Barcelona Process 109
actor of protection 16 beneficiary of international protection 37
adaptation 17 biometric data 37
admission onto the territory 17 biometrics 37
adoption (of a child) 18 black market 161
adoption (of legal acts) 18 Black Sea Synergy 38
adoption of convenience 19 border (external EU) 122
Italian
adult 19 border (internal EU) 166
affirmative action 213 border area 39
Africa-EU Migration, Mobility and Employment 21 border control 39
Partnership border crossing 40
Africa-EU MME Partnership 21 border crossing point 40
Africa Caribbean Pacific Observatory on 20 border resident 41 Portuguese
Migration brain circulation 41
age assessment 22 brain drain 42
airport transit visa 23 brain gain 42
alien 23 brain waste 43
alternative to detention 24 Budapest Process 44
amnesty (in the context of migration) 234 burden of proof 45
applicant for international protection (rejected) 236 business migrant 148
applicant for international protection 25 carrier 46
applicant in need of special procedural 26 case officer 47
guarantees case worker 47
applicant with special reception needs 27 case worker in procedures for international 47
Spanish
application for asylum 28 protection

application for international protection 118 CEAS 59
(examination of) Centre for Information, Discussion and 48
application for international protection 291 Exchange on the Crossing of Frontiers
(unfounded) andImmigration
315
chain migration 49 cross-border worker 72
Charter of Fundamental Rights of the 50 CRSR 135
EuropeanUnion crude rate of net migration 73
child (separated) 264 cultural assimiliation 31
child 51 cultural diversity 74
child labour 52 cultural pluralism 75
CH national 283 culture 75
CIA 57 decision-maker 47
circular migration 53 de facto population 76
CIREFI 48 de facto refugee 77
citizen (union) 292 de jure population 78
citizenship (acquisition of) 14 dependant 78
citizenship (dual) 87 deportation 79, 238
citizenship (loss of) 183 deportation order 239
citizenship 54 detainee 80
civil partnership of convenience 55 detection of a victim of trafficking 80
clandestine employment 154, 161 inhumanbeings
clandestine migrant 172 detention 81
clandestine migration 173 detention centre 82
COI 68 detention facility 82
Committee on Immigration and Asylum 57 determining asylum authority 83
Common Basic Principles 58 determining authority 83
Common Basic Principles for immigrant 58 Dialogue on Mediterranean Transit Migration 84
integration policy diaspora 85
Common European Asylum System 59 direct discrimination 85
Community preference 292 discrimination (direct) 85
compulsory labour 130 discrimination (indirect) 160
compulsory return 60, 132 discrimination (positive) 213
compulsory work 130 discrimination (racial) 223
contract migrant worker 61 displaced person (environmentally) 99
contract worker 61 displaced person 86
Convention grounds for persecution 62 dual citizenship 87
Convention implementing the Schengen 257 Dublin Convention 88
Agreement Dublin procedure 88
Convention of 28 July 1951 relating to the 135 Dublin Regulation 89
status of refugees and its New York Protocol Dublin transfer 90
of 31 January 1967 durable solutions 91
Convention refugee 63 EAP 92
cooperation platform 64 EASO 111
Cooperation Platform on Migration and 64 Eastern Partnership 92
Development ECHR 112
Cotonou Agreement 65 economic migrant 93

Cotonou Partnership Agreement 65 economic migration 94
country information 68 economic refugee 93
country of asylum (first) 128 EEA national 283
country of birth 66 emigrant 94
country of destination 66 emigration 95
country of first asylum 128 EMN 114
country of nationality 67 employee 95
country of origin (safe) 254 employer 96
country of origin 67 employer sanction 96
country of origin information 68 employment (highly qualified) 147
country of return 69 employment (illegal) 154
country of transit 70 employment 97
credibility assessment 70 enforcement measure 97
crime against humanity 71 ENP 115
cross-border commuter 72 entry (irregular) 171
316
entry (legal) 177 family member 125
entry ban 98 family migration 126
environmentally-driven migrant 99 family reunification 127
environmentally displaced person 99 family reunion 127
environmental refugee 99 family unity (right to) 251
English
equal opportunities 218 final decision 128
equal treatment (principle of) 218 first asylum principle 128
ethnic cleansing 100 first country of asylum 128
ethnicity 101 flow (migration) 192
ethnic nationality 101 forced labour 130
EU-LAC Structured Dialogue on Migration 105 forced marriage 130
EU acquis 102 forced migrant 131
EU Blue Card 103 forced migration 131
EU Blue Card holder 103 forced return 60, 132
EU citizen 292 foreigner 23
EU Immigration Portal 104 foreign population of a country 132
French
EUIP 104 foreign worker 189
EU mobility 170 forged identity document 133
Eurasil 106 forged travel document 133
Euro-African Dialogue on Migration and 107 FRA 116
Development fraudulent identity document 133
Euro-African Ministerial Conference on 107 fraudulent travel document 133
Migration and Development fraudulent travel or identity document 133
Euro-Mediterranean Partnership 109 freedom of movement 252
Eurodac 108 free movement (right to) 252
German
EUROMED 109 free movement 170
European Agency for the Management 110 FRONTEX 110
ofOperational Cooperation at the External frontier worker 134
Borders of the Member States of the Fundamental Rights Agency 116
European Union G8 Lyon / Roma Migration Experts Sub-Group 142
European Asylum Support Office 111 GAM 139
European Border Surveillance System 113 GAMM 139
European Convention for the Protection of 112 GDISC 137
Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms gender 136
European Convention on Human Rights 112 General Directors of Immigration Services 137
Italian
European Migration Network 114 Conference
European Neighbourhood Policy 115 Geneva Convention and Protocol 135
European Union Agency for Fundamental 116 Geneva Convention of 1951 and Protocol of 135
Rights 1967
Eurostat 117 Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol 135
EUROSUR 113 genocide 138 Portuguese
examination of an application 118 GFMD 140
forinternationalprotection Global Approach to Migration 139
exclusion clause 119 Global Approach to Migration and Mobility 139
exodus 119 Global Forum on Migration and Development 140
exploitation 120 grounds for persecution 62
expulsion 120 group determination of refugee status 141
expulsion decision 121 Group of Eight Roma-Lyon Group, Migration 142
expulsion order 121 Experts Sub-Group
external EU border 122 group persecution 143
failed applicant 236 guest worker 144, 189
failed asylum seeker 236 habitual residence 294
Spanish
false declaration of parenthood 123 harassment 145

false identity document 133 harmful onward movement 145
false travel document 133 healthcare (access to) 12
family formation 124 healthcare benefits 12
family life (right to) 250
317
High-Level Working Group on Asylum 146 internally displaced person 167
andMigration internal Schengen border 166
highly qualified employment 147 International Organization for Migration 167
highly qualified migrant 148 international protection (applicant for) 25
highly qualified migrant worker 148 international protection (application for) 29
highly skilled migrant 148 international protection (beneficiary of) 37
HLWG 146 international protection (examination of 118
host country 149 application for)
host Member State 149 international protection (withdrawal of) 305
host society 150 international protection 168
humanitarian protection 152 international refugee law 232
human rights 150 intra-corporate transferee 169
human rights law 151 Intra-EU migration 170
human trafficking 287 intra-EU mobility 170
ICONet 162 intra EU / EFTA-mobility 170
identification of a victim of trafficking 153 IOM 167
inhuman beings irregular entry 171
identified victim of trafficking inhumanbeings 153 irregular entry 171
IDP 167 irregular migrant 172
IGC 165 irregular migration 173
illegal employment 154 irregular secondary movement of migrants 262
illegal employment of a legally staying 156 irregular stay 174
thirdcountry national ius sanguinis 174
illegal employment of an illegally staying 155 ius soli 175
third-country national jus sanguinis 174
illegal entry 171 jus soli 175
illegal immigration 173 labour (forced) 130
illegally resident migrant 284 labour market test 176
illegally staying migrant 284 labour migrant 189
illegally staying third-country national 284 labour migration 177
illegal migrant 172 legal entry 177
illegal migration 173 legalisation 234
illegal stay 174 legal migration 178
ILO 158 Lisbon Treaty 179
immigrant 157 LMT 176
immigrant population 188 local border traffic 180
immigration 157 long-stay visa 182
Immigration and Asylum Committee 57 long-term migrant 180
Immigration Liaison Officer 158 long-term migration 181
immigration programme 159 long-term resident 182
immigration quota 159 loss of citizenship 183
inculturation 13 loss of nationality 183

independent return 299 managed migration 184
indirect discrimination 160 mandate refugee 184
informal economy 161 MARRI 191
Information and Coordination 162 marriage of convenience 185
Network forMember States mass influx 185
MigrationManagementServices material reception conditions 186
insufficiently documented migrant 172 medical benefits 12
integration (National Contact Points on) 201 migrant (economic) 93
integration 163 migrant (forced) 131
Inter-EU migration 170 migrant (highly qualfied) 148
intercultural dialogue 164 migrant (irregular) 172
interculturalism 198 migrant (secondary movement of) 262
Intergovernmental Consultations on Migration, 165 migrant 187
Asylum and Refugees migrant in an irregular siuation 172
internal EU border 166 migrant stock 188
318
migrant with irregular status 172 organised crime 206
migrant worker (contract) 61 organised criminal group 207
migrant worker 189 overstay(er) 208
migration (chain) 49 Palermo Protocol 209
migration (circular) 53 partnership of convenience 209
English
migration (crude rate of net) 73 permanent-type migration 181
migration (economic) 94 permanent migration 181
migration (family) 126 permit (residence) 245
migration (forced) 131 persecution (act of) 15
migration (irregular) 173 persecution (actor of) 16
migration (managed) 184 persecution 210
Migration, Asylum, Refugees Regional Initiative 191 person eligible for subsidiary protection 211
migration 190 person in a migratory context 212
migration flow (mixed) 196 person of migrant origin 212
migration flow 192 person with a migratory background 212
migration management 184 population (de facto) 76
French
migration profile 193 population (de jure) 78
migration routes initiative 194 population (usually resident) 295
migratory flow 192 population stock 213
MIM 199 positive action 213
minimum standards 194 positive discrimination 213
minor (unaccompanied) 290 posted worker 214
minor 195 postponement of removal 215
minority 196 Prague Process 216
mixed migration flow 196 Prague Process Building 216
German
MME Partnership 21 MigrationPartnerships
mobility partnership 197 presumed victim of trafficking in humanbeings 217
MP 197 prima facie determination of refugee status 141
MRA 200 prima facie refugee 217
MTM 84 principle of equal treatment 218
multiculturalism 198 principle of family unity 251
multiple citizenship 87 procedural guarantees 219
multiple nationality 87 Programme (Stockholm) 274
mutual information mechanism concerning 199 Programme refugee 242
Member States measures in the area of protection (actor of) 16
Italian
asylum and immigration protection (humanitarian) 152
mutual recognition agreement 200 protection (international) 11
National Contact Points on Integration 201 protection 220
national cooperation mechanism 202 pull factor 220
nationality 54, 101 push-pull factor 221
national liaison officer 158 push factor 221 Portuguese
national referral mechanism 202 qualifications (recognition of foreign) 228
naturalisation 203 quota 222
NCPI 201 quota refugee 242
net migration 203 Rabat Process 107
non-citizen 23 RABIT 225
non-EU national 204 racial discrimination 223
non-national 23 racism 224
non-refoulement 205 Rapid Border Intervention Team 225
NRM 202 re-entry ban 98
nuclear family 205 readmission agreement 225
objective grounds for seeking asylum 233 real risk of suffering serious harm 226
Spanish
occurring after the applicants departure reasons for persecution 62

fromtheir country of origin receiving country 149
obligation to leave 247 reception centre 227
obligation to return 247 reception conditions (material) 186
occupation 206 reception conditions 227
319
reception facilities 228 right to grant asylum 249
recognised refugee 63 right to remain pending the decision 280
recognition of foreign qualifications 228 right to remain pending 280
Reform Treaty 179 theexaminationofanapplication
refoulement 229 right to reside 249
refugee ([civil] war) 56 right to seek asylum 250
refugee (Convention) 63 risk of absconding 253
refugee (de facto) 77 Roma-Lyon Group 142
refugee (mandate) 184 safe country of origin 254
refugee (prima facie) 217 safe third country (concept of) 255
refugee (resettled) 242 safe third country 255
refugee (statutory) 273 Schengen Agreement 256
refugee 230 Schengen Borders Code 257
Refugee Convention 135 Schengen Convention 257
refugee in orbit 231 Schengen Information System 258
refugee in transit 231 Schengen Visa Code 298
refugee law 232 school pupil 259
refugee status 232 SCIFA 276
refugee sur place 233 seasonal migrant 260
refusal of entry 233 seasonal worker 260
regional protection programme 234 seasonal worker migrant 260
regularisation 234 second-generation immigrant 261
regular migration 178 second-generation migrant 261
reintegration 235 secondary migrant 262
rejected applicant 236 secondary movement of asylum seekers 262
rejected applicant for international protection 236 andrefugees
relocation 237 secondary movement of migrants 262
remain in the Member State 237 second generation Schengen 258
remittance 238 InformationSystem
removal 79, 238 segregation 263
removal order 239 self-employed person 263
remunerated trainee 239 separated child 264
repatriation 240 serious harm 264
representative 241 sex 265
researcher 241 short-stay visa 266
resettled person 242 short-term migrant 265
resettled refugee 242 short-term migration 266
resettlement 243 short-term visa 266
resettlement programme 244 single application procedure 267
residence (right of) 249 single permit 267
residence (usual) 294 SIS 258
residence document 244 SIS II 258

residence permit 245 smuggling of migrants 268
resident (long-term) 182 social dumping 269
return (compulsory) 60 social exclusion 268
return 246 social inclusion 269
return decision 247 social protection benefits 270
returnee 248 social security 271
return migration 246 Sderkping Process 92
return programme 248 special procedural guarantees 26
reverse brain drain 42 (applicantinneed of)
right of asylum 249 special reception needs (applicant with) 27
right of residence 249 speedy asylum procedure 11
right to asylum 250 speedy international protection procedure 11
right to family life 250 sponsor 271
right to family unity 251 spontaneous migration 272
right to free movement 252 stateless person 272
320
state liaison officer 158 unremunerated trainee 294
state of nationality 67 usually resident population 295
statutory refugee 273 usual residence 294
Stockholm Programme 274 victimisation 296
stock of foreigners 275 victim of trafficking in human 153
English
stock of migrants 188 beings(identification of)
stranded migrant 275 victim of trafficking in human beings 153
Strategic Committee on Immigration, 276 (identified)
Frontiersand Asylum VIS 299
student 277 visa (airport transit) 23
subsequent application for international 277 visa (long-stay) 182
protection visa (short-stay) 266
subsidiary protection (person eligible for) 211 visa 297
subsidiary protection 278 Visa Code 298
subsidiary protection status 279 visa facilitation agreement 298
suspension of removal 215 Visa Information System 299
French
suspensive effect 280 voluntary departure 299
temporary external border 281 voluntary repatriation 300
temporary migration 281 voluntary return 300
temporary protection 282 vulnerable person 301
The Convention relating to the Status 135 war crime 302
ofRefugees well-founded fear of persecution 303
third-country national 283 Western Mediterranean Forum 129
third-country national found to be illegally 284 withdrawal of an application 304
present forinternationalprotection
German
third-country national mobility 170 withdrawal of international protection 305
third country 282 withdrawal of refugee status 305
tolerated stay 215 worker (cross-border) 72
torture 285 worker (posted) 214
total migration 286 xenophobia 306
trafficking in human beings 80
(detectionofavictim of)
trafficking in human beings 287
trainee (unremunerated) 294
trainee 286
Italian
transfer order 288
transit 288
transit visa 266
travel document 289
Treaty of Lisbon 179
UASC 290 Portuguese
UfM 109
unaccompanied and separated child 290
unaccompanied minor 290
unauthorised migrant 172
unauthorised migration 173
undocumented migrant 172
undocumented migration 173
unfounded application 291
forinternationalprotection
UNHCR 293
UNHCR 293
Spanish
union citizen 292

Union for the Mediterranean 109
union preference 292
United Nations High Commissioner 293
forRefugees
321
French index
accs aux soins desant 12 citoyen delUnion europenne 292

Accord deCotonou 65 citoyennet 54
accord deradmission 225 clause dexclusion 119
accord dereconnaissance mutuelle 200 code des visas 298
accord deSchengen 256 code frontires Schengen 257
accord visant faciliter ladlivrance de visas 298 Comit stratgique sur limmigration, 276
acculturation 13 lesfrontiresetlasile
acquis communautaire 102 Comit sur limmigration etlasile 57
acquisition dela citoyennet 14 conditions daccueil 227
actes deperscution 15 conditions matrielles daccueil 186
acteur dela perscution 16 Confrence des directeurs gnraux 137
acteur dela protection 16 desservicesdimmigration
adaptation 17 constitution dela famille 124
admission sur leterritoire 17 Consultations intergouvernementales sur les 165
adoption 18 politiques dasile, derfugis etde migrations
adoption decomplaisance 19 contrle aux frontires 39
adulte 19 Convention deDublin 88
afflux decerveaux 42 Convention deGenve de1951etProtocole 135
afflux massif 185 de1967
Agence des droits fondamentaux 116 convention deSchengen 257
delUnioneuropenne Convention europenne des droits de lhomme 112
Agence europenne pour lagestion 110 crainte fonde deperscution 303
delacoopration oprationnelle aux crime contre lhumanit 71
frontiresextrieures des tats membres crime organis 206
delUnion europenne crimes deguerre 302
agent responsable dutraitement dune 47 culture 75
demande deprotection internationale dcision dloignement 121
aide auretour volontaire 31 dcision deretour 247
alternative la dtention / rtention 24 dcision finale 128
apatride 272 demande dasile 28
apprhension, arrestation 30 demande deprotection internationale 29
approche globale sur laquestion 139 demande deprotection internationale 291
desmigrations infonde
asile 32 demande ultrieure deprotection 277
assimilation 31 internationale
atteinte grave 264 demandeur ayant des besoins particuliers 27
au pair 35 enmatiredaccueil
autorit responsable dela dtermination 83 demandeur dasile 33
bnficiaire dune protection internationale 37 demandeur deprotection internationale 25
Bureau europen dappui enmatire dasile 111 demandeur deprotection internationale 236
carte bleue europenne 103 dbout
centre daccueil (pour demandeurs dasile) 227 demandeur ncessitant des garanties 26
centre dertention 82 procdurales spciales
centre dhbergement 13 dpart volontaire 299
Centre dinformation, derflexion 48 dtection dune victime dela traite 80
etdchanges enmatire defranchissement destreshumains
des frontires etdimmigration dtermination collective dustatut derfugi 141
charge dela preuve 45 dtermination delge 22
Charte des droits fondamentaux 50 Dialogue 5+5sur lamigration 129
delUnioneuropenne enMditerraneoccidentale
chercheur 241 Dialogue euro-africain sur lamigration 107
circulation des cerveaux 41 etledveloppement
322
dialogue interculturel 164 exclusion sociale 268
Dialogue structur sur les migrations 105 exploitation 120
entrelUE etlespays dAmrique latine expulsion 120
etdesCarabes (ALC) facteur dattraction 220
Dialogue sur lamigration detransit 84 facteur dattraction-rpulsion 221
enMditerrane facteur derpulsion 221
English
diaspora 85 famille nuclaire 205
discrimination directe 85 fausse dclaration deparentalit 123
discrimination indirecte 160 flux migratoire 192
discrimination positive 213 flux migratoire mixte 196
discrimination raciale 223 Forum mondial sur lamigration 140
diversit culturelle 74 etledveloppement
document devoyage 289 franchissement de la frontire 40
document devoyage oudidentit frauduleux 133 frontalier 41
French
donnes biomtriques 37 frontire extrieure delUE 122
double nationalit 87 frontire extrieure temporaire 281
droit la libre circulation 252 frontire intrieure delUE 166
droit la vie familiale 250 fuite 10
droit lunit familiale 251 fuite des cerveaux 42
droit dasile 249, 250 fuite massive 119
droit desjour 249 garanties procdurales 219
droit des rfugis 232 gaspillage des cerveaux 43
droit dusang 174 gnocide 138
droit dusol 175 genre 136
German
droit relatif aux droits delhomme 151 gestion des migrations 184
droits delhomme 150 groupe criminel organis 207
dumping social 269 Groupe dehaut niveau Asile etMigration 146
conomie informelle 161 harclement 145
effet suspensif 280 Haut-Commissariat des Nations Unies 293
lve 259 pourlesrfugis
loignement 79, 238 identification dune victime dela traite 153
migrant 94 destreshumains
migration 95 immigrant 157
emploi 97 immigration 157
Italian
emploi hautement qualifi 147 inclusion sociale 269
emploi illgal 154 information sur lepays dorigine 68
emploi illegal dun ressortissant depays tiers 155 Initiative rgionale enmatire demigration, 191
ensjour irrgulier dasileetde retour des rfugis
emploi illgal dun ressortissant depays tiers 156 initiative relative aux routes migratoires 194
ensjour rgulier intgration 163
employeur 96 interdiction duterritoire 98 Portuguese
enfant 51 mariage decomplaisance 185
enfant spar 264 mariage forc 130
entre irrgulire 171 mcanisme dinformation mutuelle 199
entre lgale 177 mcanisme national dorientation 202
envois defonds 238 membre dela famille 125
quipes dintervention rapide aux frontires 225 mesure dloignement 239
tat membre daccueil 149 mesure dexcution 97
tranger 23 migrant 187
tudiant 277 migrant decourte dure 265
Eurasil 106 migrant dela deuxime gnration 261
Eurodac 108 migrant delongue dure 180
Spanish
Eurostat 117 migrant conomique 93

valuation dela crdibilit 70 migrant endtresse 275
examen dumarch delemploi / du travail 176 migrant ensjour irrgulier 172
examen dune demande deprotection 118 migrant forc 131
internationale migrant hautement qualifi 148
323
migration 190 perscution lencontre dun groupe 143
migration circulaire 53 personne charge 78
migration decourte dure 266 personne dpassant ladure desjour 208
migration delongue dure 181 autorise
migration detravail; migration 177 personne dplace 86
demaindoeuvre personne dplace lintrieure 167
migration conomique 94 desonproprepays
migration enchane 49 personne dplace pour des raisons 99
migration force 131 environnementales
migration irrgulire 173 personne faisant lobjet dun transfert 169
migration lgale 178 temporaire intragroupe
migration pour des raisons familiales 126 personne issue delimmigration 212
migration spontane 272 personne pouvant bnficier dela protection 211
migration temporaire 281 subsidiaire
mineur 195 personne retenue 80
mineur isol tranger 290 personne vulnrable 301
minorit 196 perte dela citoyennet 183
mobilit intra-UE 170 Plate-forme decoopration sur lamigration 64
motifs deperscution ausens 62 etledveloppement
delaConvention deGenve pluralisme culturel 75
mouvement secondaire dangereux 145 point de passage frontalier 40
mouvement secondaire demigrants 262 Points decontact nationaux enmatire 201
multiculturalisme 198 dintgration
naturalisation 203 Politique europenne devoisinage 115
nettoyage ethnique 100 population dedroit 78
non-refoulement; interdiction 205 population defait 76
deretourforc(LU) population trangre dun pays 132
non-ressortissant dun tat membre 204 population rsidente 295
normes minimales 194 Portail delUE sur limmigration 104
obligation deretour 60 prfrence communautaire 292
obligation detransfert 288 prestations deprotection sociale 270
Observatoire Afrique, Carabes, Pacifique 20 principe dgalit detraitement 218
surlesmigrations principes debase communs 58
officier deliaison Immigration 158 procdure acclre detraitement dune 11
Organisation internationale pour 167 demande deprotection internationale
lesmigrations procdure dedemande unique 267
origine ethnique 101 procdure deDublin 88
Partenariat Afrique-UE sur les migrations, 21 Processus deBali 36
lamobilit etlemploi Processus deBudapest 44
partenariat civil decomplaisance 55 Processus dePrague 216
partenariat decomplaisance 209 profession 206
Partenariat oriental 92 profil migratoire 193

partenariat pour lamobilit 197 programme daide auretour 248
pays daccueil 149 programme derinstallation 244
pays dedestination 66 Programme deStockholm 274
pays denaissance 66 programme dimmigration 159
pays denationalit 67 programme rgional deprotection 234
pays depremier asile 128 protection 220
pays deretour 69 protection humanitaire 152
pays detransit 70 protection internationale 168
pays dorigine 67 protection subsidiaire 278
pays dorigine sr 254 protection temporaire 282
pays tiers 282 Protocole dePalerme 209
pays tiers sr 255 quota 222
permis desjour 245 quota dimmigration 159
permis unique 267 racisme 224
perscution 210 rapatri 248
324
rapatriement 240 sous-groupe des experts enmigrations 142
reconnaissance des qualifications 228 duGroupe deLyon / Rome (G8)
acquisesltranger stagiaire 286
refoulement 229 stagiaire non rmunr 294
rfugi 230 stagiaire rmunr 239
rfugi ausens dela Convention deGenve 63 statut confr par laprotection subsidiaire 279
English
rfugi defacto 77 statut derfugi 232
rfugi deguerre (civile) 56 stock demigrants 188
rfugi enorbite 231 stock depopulation 213
rfugi entransit 231 stock dtrangers 275
rfugi prima facie 217 structures daccueil 228
rfugi rinstall 242 Synergie dela mer Noire 38
rfugi relevant dumandat duHCR 184 Systme dinformation Schengen 258
rfugi statutaire 273 Systme dinformation sur les visas 299
French
rfugi sur place 233 Systme europen desurveillance 113
refus dentre 233 desfrontiresextrieures
rgime dasile europen commun 59 taux brut desolde migratoire 73
Rglement deDublin 89 titre desjour 244
regroupant 271 titulaire dune carte bleue europenne 103
regroupement familial 127 torture 285
rgularisation 234 trafic dtres humains 268
rinstallation 243 trafic frontalier local 180
rintgration 235 Trait deLisbonne 179
relocalisation 237 traite des tres humains 287
German
report delloignement 215 Transfert Dublin 90
reprsentant 241 transit 288
Rseau dinformation etde coordination 162 transporteur 46
scuris connect linternet pour les services travail des enfants 52
destats membres chargs de la gestion travail forc 130
desflux migratoires(ICONet) travailleur dtach 214
Rseau europen des migrations 114 travailleur tranger 144
rsidence habituelle 294 travailleur frontalier 134
rsident delongue dure 182 travailleur indpendant 263
ressortissant dun pays tiers 283 travailleur migrant 189
Italian
ressortissant dun pays tiers 284 travailleur migrant sous contrat 61
ensjourirrgulier travailleur saisonnier 260
rester dans ltat membre 237 travailleur transfrontalier 72
rtention 81 Union pour laMditerrane 109
rtorsion 296 victime identifie dela traite des 153
retour 246 treshumains
retour volontaire 300 victime prsume dela traite des 217 Portuguese
retrait dela protection internationale 305 treshumains
retrait dune demande deprotection 304 visa 297
internationale visa decourt sjour 266
retrait dustatut derfugi 305 visa delong sjour 182
Runion Asie-Europe 30 visa detransit aroportuaire 23
risque defuite 253 volume migratoire 286
risque rel desubir des atteintes graves 226 xnophobie 306
salari 95 zone frontalire 39
sanction lencontre dun employeur 96
scurit sociale 271
sgrgation 263
Spanish
sjour irrgulier 174

sexe 265
socit daccueil 150
solde migratoire 203
solutions durables 91
325
German index
5+5Dialog ber Migration imWestlichen 129 Aufenthaltstitel (EU acquis); 245

Mittelmeerraum Aufenthaltserlaubnis,
Aberkennung des internationalen Schutzes 305 Niederlassungserlaubnis(DE)
abgelehnter Antragsteller auf internationalen 236 Aufgriff, Ergreifung, Festnahme 30
Schutz Aufnahmebedingungen, imRahmen der 227
Abschiebung 79, 238 Aufnahmebedingungen gewhrte Vorteile
Abschiebungsanordnung 239 Aufnahmeeinrichtung 13, 227
Abschiebungshaft 81 Aufnahmeeinrichtungen 228
Abstammungsprinzip / Ius sanguinis 174 Aufnahmegesellschaft 150
Abwanderer, Auswanderer, Emigrant 94 Aufnahmeland 149
Abwanderung, Auswanderung, Emigration 95 Aufnahmemitgliedstaat 149
Adoption 18 aufschiebende Wirkung 280
Afrika-EU Partnerschaft inden Bereichen 21 Au-pair 35
Migration, Mobilitt und Beschftigung Ausbeutung 120
Agentur der Europischen Union fr 116 Auslnder 23
Grundrechte Auslnderfeindlichkeit / 306
Akkulturation 13 Fremdenfeindlichkeit/Xenophobie
Akteur, der Schutz bieten kann 16 auslndische Bevlkerung eines Landes 132
Akteur, von dem eine Verfolgung oder 16 Ausschlussklausel 119
einernsthafter Schaden ausgehen kann Ausschuss fr Einwanderung und Asyl 57
alleinstehendes Kind 264 Ausweisung und Zurckweisung eines 229
Alternative zur Inhaftierung / Inhaftnahme, 24 Flchtlings
Haftalternative; Alternative zur Schubhaft / Auszubildender 286
gelinderes Mittel (AT) Bali-Prozess 36
Altersfeststellung 22 begrndete Furcht vor Verfolgung 303
Anerkennung auslndischer Qualifikationen 228 Belstigung 145
Anpassung, Adaptation 17 Beobachtungsstelle fr Migration inAfrika, 20
Antrag auf internationalen Schutz 29 inderKaribik und impazifischen Raum
Antragsteller auf internationalen Schutz 25 Beschftigung 97, 206
Antragsteller, der besondere 26 beschleunigtes Verfahren fr internationalen 11
Verfahrensgarantien bentigt Schutz
Antragsteller mit besonderen Bedrfnissen 27 Bestand der auslndischen Wohnbevlkerung 275
beiderAufnahme Bevlkerungs(be)stand 213
Anzahl der Einwanderer 188 Beweislast 45
Arbeitgeber 96 bezahlter Auszubildender 239
Arbeitgebersanktion, Sanktion gegen 96 Binnenvertriebener 167
einenArbeitgeber biologisches Geschlecht 265

Arbeitnehmer 95 biometrische Daten 37
Arbeitsmarkttest 176 Blaue Karte EU 103
Arbeitsmigrant, Wanderarbeiter, 189 Brain Circulation 41
Wanderarbeitnehmer Brain Drain 42
Arbeitsmigration 177 Brain Gain 42
Asien-Europa-Treffen 30 Brain Waste 43
Assimilation 31 Budapest-Prozess 44
Asyl 32 (Brger-)Kriegsflchtling 56
Asylantrag 28 Charta der Grundrechte 50
Asylbehrde 83 derEuropischenUnion
Asylbewerber (EU acquis) / Asylwerber (AT) 33 Cotonou-Abkommen 65
Asyl-Shopping 34 dauerhafte Lsung 91
Aufenthaltsrecht 249 De-facto-Bevlkerung / tatschlich anwesende 76
Aufenthaltstitel (EU acquis) 244 Bevlkerung
De-facto-Flchtling 77
326
De-jure-Bevlkerung / Familien angehriger, 78 Familienbildung 124
demUnterhalt gewhrt wird Familienzusammenfhrung 127
Dialog ber Transitmigration 84 Familienzusammenfhrung, Familienmigration 126
imMittelmeerraum Feststellung/ Identifizierung eines Opfers 153
Diaspora 85 vonMenschenhandel
Doppelte Staatsangehrigkeit/ 87 Fluchtgefahr, Gefahr unterzutauchen 253
English
Staatsbrgerschaft, Doppelstaatigkeit Flchtling 230
Drittstaat 282 Flchtlingsrecht 232
Drittstaatsangehriger 283 Flchtlingsstatus 232
Drittstaatsangehriger, dessen illegaler 284 Flchtling sur place 233
Aufenthalt festgestellt wird Folgeantrag auf internationalen Schutz 277
Dubliner bereinkommen 88 Folter 285
Dublin-Verfahren 88 Forscher 241
Dublin-Verordnung 89 freiwillige Ausreise 299
Durchreise, Transit 288 freiwillige Rckkehr 300
Einbrgerung 203 Gastarbeiter 144
French
einheitliches Antragsverfahren 267 Geburtsland 66
Einreiseverbot 98 gefhrliche Weiterwanderung 145
einstweilige Aussetzung der Abschiebung 215 geflschtes / betrgerisches 133
(EU acquis), vorbergehende Aussetzung ReiseoderIdentittsdokument
derAbschiebung, Duldung (AT, DE) Aufschub gegenseitige Anerkennungsvereinbarung 200
derAbschiebung (LU) Gemeinsame Grundprinzipien 58
entsandter Arbeitnehmer 214 Gemeinsames Europisches Asylsystem 59
German
Entziehung / Aberkennung 305 gemischte Wanderungs-/ Migrationsbewegung 196
derFlchtlingseigenschaft Genfer Konvention von 1951und Protokoll 135
Erkennung eines Opfers von Menschenhandel 80 von 1967
ernsthafter Schaden 264 Gesamtansatz fr Migration und Mobilitt 139
erster Asylstaat, erstes Asylland 128 gesteuerte Migration 184
Erwachsener 19 gestrandeter Migrant (term isnot used 275
Erwerb der Staatsangehrigkeit / 14 inAT,DE, LU)
Staatsbrgerschaft Glaubwrdigkeitsprfung, Prfung 70
erzwungene Migration, Zwangsmigration 131 derGlaubwrdigkeit
ethnische Suberung 100 Gleichbehandlungsgrundsatz 218
ethnische Zugehrigkeit 101 Grenzarbeitnehmer 134
EU-Auengrenze 122 Grenzbewohner 41
Italian
EU-Besitzstand 102 Grenzgnger 72
EU-Binnengrenze 166 Grenzgebiet, Grenzregion 39
EU-Binnenmobilitt 170 Grenzkontrolle 39
Eurodac 108 Grenzbergang, Grenzbergangsstelle 40
Europisch -afrikanischer Dialog ber 107 Grenzbertritt 40
Migration und Entwicklung / Euro-afrikanischer Gruppe der Acht (Rom-Lyon-Gruppe), 142 Portuguese
Dialog ber Migration und Entwicklung Untergruppe von Migrationsexperten
Europische Agentur fr die operative 110 Gruppenfeststellung der 141
Zusammenarbeit anden Auengrenzen Flchtlingseigenschaft
Europische Menschenrechtskonvention 112 Gruppenverfolgung 143
Europische Nachbarschaftspolitik 115 Hftling 80
Europisches Grenzberwachungssystem 113 Haftzentrum 82
Europisches Migrationsnetzwerk 114 Herkunftslnderinformation 68
Europisches Untersttzungsbro 111 Herkunftsland, Herkunftsstaat 67
frAsylfragen hochqualifizierte Beschftigung 147
Europa-Mittelmeer-Partnerschaft / 109 hochqualifizierter Migrant 148
EuromediterranePartnerschaft Hochrangige Arbeitsgruppe Asyl 146
Spanish
EU-Zuwanderungsportal 104 undEinwanderung

Exodus 119 Hoher Flchtlingskommissar der 293
falsche Erklrung der Elternschaft / 123 VereintenNationen
falscheElternschaftsangabe humanitrer Schutz 152
Familienangehriger 125 identifiziertes Opfer von Menschenhandel 153
327
illegale Beschftigung 154 Menschenhandel 287
illegale Beschftigung 156 Menschenrechte 150
einesDrittstaatsangehrigen Menschenrechte, internationale 151
mitrechtmigem Aufenthalt Menschenrechts-normen
illegale Beschftigung eines 155 Migrant 187
Drittstaatsangehrigen ohne Migrant aus wirtschaftlichen Grnden, 93
rechtmigenAufenthalt Wirtschaftsmigrant
Informations-, Diskussions- und 48 Migrant der zweiten Generation 261
Austauschzentrum fr Fragen in Migration 190
Zusammenhang mit dem berschreiten Migrationsprofil 193
derAuengrenzen und der Einwanderung Migrationsrouten-Initiative 194
Informations- und Koordinierungsnetz fr 162 Minderheit 196
dieMigrationsbehrden der Mitgliedstaaten Minderjhriger 195
informelle Wirtschaft / Schattenwirtschaft 161 Minimumstandards 194
Inhaber einer Blauen Karte EU 103 mittelbare Diskriminierung 160
innerbetrieblich versetzte Person 169 Mobilittspartnerschaft 197
Integration 163 Multikulturalismus 198
interkultureller Dialog 164 Nationale Kontaktstellen fr Integration 201
Internationale Organisation fr Migration 167 nationaler berweisungsmechanismus 202
internationaler Schutz 168 Nettomigration 203
irregulre Einreise 171 Netzwerk fr Asylpraktiker der Europischen 106
irregulre Migration 173 Union (Eurasil)
irregulrer Aufenthalt 174 neuangesiedelter Flchtling 242
irregulrer Migrant 172 Neuansiedlung 243
Kernfamilie 205 Neuansiedlungsprogramm 244
Kettenmigration 49 Nicht-EU-Brger 204
Kind 51 Nichtzurckweisung, Non-refoulement, Schutz 205
Kinderarbeit 52 vor Zurckweisung, Verbot der Ausweisung
kleiner Grenzverkehr 180 und Zurckweisung
kombinierte Erlaubnis 267 organisierte Kriminalitt 206
Konferenz der Generaldirektoren 137 organisierte kriminelle Gruppe / Vereinigung 207
derEinwanderungsbehrden stliche Partnerschaft 92
Konventionsflchtling 63 Overstayer, rechtswidrige berschreitung 208
Kooperationsplattform fr Migration 64 eines befristeten Aufenthalts
undEntwicklung Palermo-Protokoll 209
Kriegsverbrechen 302 Person, der internationaler Schutz zuerkannt 37
Kultur 75 wurde
kultureller Pluralismus 75 Person mit Anspruch auf subsidiren Schutz 211
kulturelle Vielfalt 74 Person mit Migrationshintergrund 212
kurzfristig aufhltiger Migrant, 265 positive Diskriminierung 213
KurzzeitMigrant, temporrer Migrant Prager Prozess 216
kurzfristige Migration, Kurzzeit-Migration 266 Prima-Facie Flchtling 217

Land der Staatsangehrigkeit / 67 Prfung eines Antrags 118
Staatsbrgerschaft aufinternationalenSchutz
langfristig Aufenthaltsberechtigter 182 Pull-Faktor 220
langfristig aufhltiger Migrant, 180 Push-Faktor 221
LangzeitMigrant Push-Pull-Faktor 221
langfristige Migration, Langzeit-Migration 181 Quote 222
legale Einreise 177 Rassismus 224
legale Migration 178 rassistische Diskriminierung/ 223
Legalisierung, Regularisierung 234 Rassendiskriminierung
Mandatsflchtling 184 Recht, Asyl zugewhren; Asylrecht (DE) 249
Massenzustrom 185 Recht auf Asyl 250
materielle Aufnahmebedingungen 186 Recht auf Familieneinheit / Recht auf Wahrung 251
Mechanismus zur gegenseitigen Information 199 desFamilienverbandes
ber asylund einwanderungspolitische Recht auf Familienleben 250
Manahmen der Mitgliedstaaten Recht auf Freizgigkeit 252
328
rechtskrftige Entscheidung 128 Strategisches Komitee fr Einwanderungs-, 276
Regionale Migrations-, Asyl- 191 Grenz-und Asylfragen
undFlchtlingsinitiative Strukturierter Dialog ber Migrationsfragen 105
Regionales Schutzprogramm 234 zwischen der EUund den Lndern
Reintegration 235 Lateinamerikas und derKaribik
Reisedokument 289 Student 277
English
Repatriierung 240 subsidirer Schutz 278
rohe Netto-Migrationsrate 73 subsidirer Schutzstatus 279
Rckfhrung (EU acquis); Ausweisung (DE) 120 tatschliche Gefahr, einen ernsthaften 226
Rckfhrungsentscheidung (EU acquis); 121 Schaden zuerleiden
Ausweisungsentscheidung (DE, LU) temporre Migration 281
Rckkehr 246 Territorialprinzip / Ius soli / Geburtslandprinzip 175
Rckkehrentscheidung (EU acquis); 247 Transitland 70
Rckfhrungsentscheidung (DE) Transportunternehmer 46
Rckkehrer 248 berstellungsanordnung 288
Rckkehrland 69 bertragung der Zustndigkeit / 90
French
Rckkehrprogramm 248 Dublin-berstellung
Rcknahme des Antrags 304 blicher Aufenthaltsort 294
aufinternationalenSchutz Umverteilung 237
Rckbernahmeabkommen 225 Umweltvertriebener 99
Rckberweisung 238 unbegleiteter Minderjhriger 290
Sachbearbeiter in Verfahren 47 unbegrndeter Antrag auf 291
frinternationalenSchutz / Referent in internationalenSchutz
German
Verfahren frinternationalen Schutz (AT) unbezahlter Auszubildender 294
Saisonarbeiter 260 Unionsbrger 292
Scheinadoption 19 Unionsprferenz 292
Scheinehe 185 unmittelbare Diskriminierung 85
Scheinpartnerschaft 55, 209 untersttzte freiwillige Rckkehr 31
Schengener Durchfhrungsbereinkommen 257 Untertauchen 10
Schengener Grenzkodex 257 Verbindungsbeamter fr Einwanderungsfragen 158
Schengener Informationssystem 258 Verbleib imMitgliedstaat 237
Schengener bereinkommen 256 Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit 71
Schleusung von Migranten 268 Verfahrensgarantien 219
Schler 259 Verfolgung 210
Schutz 220 Verfolgungsgrnde (nach) der Genfer 62
Italian
schutzbedrftige Person 301 Konvention, Konventionsgrnde
Schwarzmeersynergie 38 Verfolgungshandlung 15
Segregation 263 Verlust der Staatsangehrigkeit / 183
Sekundrmigration 262 Staatsbrgerschaft
Selbststndiger, selbststndig erwerbsttige 263 vermutetes Opfer von Menschenhandel 217
Person(LU) Vertragsarbeitnehmer 61 Portuguese
sicherer Drittstaat 255 Vertrag von Lissabon 179
sicherer Herkunftsstaat 254 Vertreter (EU acquis); Stellvertreter (DE) 241
Soforteinsatzteam fr Grenzsicherungszwecke 225 Vertriebener 86
Sozialdumping 269 Verweigerung der Einreise (EU acquis); 233
soziale Ausgrenzung 268 Einreiseverbot(DE)
soziale Eingliederung 269 Viktimisierung 296
soziales Geschlecht 136 Visaerleichterungs-Abkommen 298
soziale Sicherheit 271 Visa-Informationssystem 299
Sozialschutzleistungen 270 Visakodex 298
spontane Migration 272 Visum 297
Staatenloser 272 Visum fr den Flughafentransit 23
Spanish
Staatsangehrigkeit, Staatsbrgerschaft 54 Visum fr den kurzfristigen Aufenthalt 266

Statistisches Amt der Europischen 117 Visum fr den lngerfristigen Aufenthalt, (EU 182
Gemeinschaften acquis), Langzeit-Visum
statutrer Flchtling 273 Vlkermord 138
Stockholmer Programm 274 Vollstreckungsmanahme 97
vorlufige Auengrenze 281
329
vorbergehender Schutz 282 Zuwanderung (EU acquis) / Einwanderung, 157
Wanderungsbewegung, Migrationsbewegung 192 Immigration
Wanderungsvolumen 286 Zuwanderungsprogramm, 159
Weltforum ber Migration und Entwicklung 140 Einwanderungsprogramm
Wirtschaftsmigration, Migration 94 Zuwanderungsquote, Einwanderungsquote 159
auswirtschaftlichenGrnden zuzugsberechtigter Familienangehriger 78
Wohnbevlkerung 295 Zwangsarbeit 130
Zielland 66 Zwangsheirat 130
zirkulre Migration 53 Zwangsmigrant 131
Zugang zumedizinischer Versorgung 12 zwangsweise Rckfhrung, 60
Zulassung zum Hoheitsgebiet 17 Zwangsrckfhrung, erzwungene Rckkehr
Zusammenfhrender, Sponsor 271 Zwischenstaatliche Beratungen ber Migration, 165
Zuwanderer (EU acquis) / Einwanderer, 157 Asylund Flchtlinge
Immigrant
Italian index
accertamento dellet 22 autorit responsabile per ilriconoscimento 83

accesso allassistenza sanitaria 12 dello status dirifugiato
Accordo diCotonou 65 bambino 51
accordo difacilitazione del visto 298 beneficiario diprotezione internazionale 37
accordo direciproco riconoscimento 200 Carta blu UE 103
accordo diriammissione 225 Carta dei Diritti Fondamentali 50
Accordo diSchengen 256 dellUnioneEuropea
acculturazione 13 catena migratoria 49
acquis UE 102 cause dipersecuzione 62
acquisizione dicervelli 42 exConvenzionediGinevra
acquisizione dicittadinanza 14 centro diaccoglienza per richiedenti asilo 227
adattamento 17 Centro diInformazione, diRiflessione 48
adozione 18 ediScambi inmateria diAttraversamento
adozione fittizia 19 delle Frontiere ediImmigrazione
adulto/ maggiorenne 19 circolazione dicervelli 41
afflusso massiccio 185 cittadinanza 54
Agenzia dellUnione Europea 116 cittadino dellUnione 292
periDirittiFondamentali cittadino diun paese terzo 283
Agenzia Europea per laGestione della 110 cittadino diun paese terzo presente 284
Cooperazione Operativa delle Froniere Esterne irregolarmente
dei Paesi membri dellUnione Europea cittadino non comunitario 204
allontanamento 238 clausola diesclusione 119

Alto Commissariato delle Nazioni Unite 293 codice dei visti 298
periRifugiati codice frontiere Schengen 257
alunno 259 Comitato Immigrazione eAsilo 57
ammissione sul territorio 17 Comitato Strategico inmateria 276
analisi del mercato del lavoro 176 diImmigrazione, Frontiere eAsilo
apolide 272 componente familiare 125
apprendista retribuito 239 condizioni diaccoglienza 227
Approccio globale inmateria dimigrazione 139 condizioni materiali diaccoglienza 186
emobilit Conferenza dei Direttori generali 137
arresto 30 periserviziallimmigrazione
asilo 32 Consultazioni Inter-Governative inmateria 165
assimilazione 31 diImmigrazione, Asilo eRifugiati
asylum shopping 34 controllo di frontiera 39
atti dipersecuzione 15 Convenzione di Dublino 88
attraversamento della frontiera 40
330
Convenzione diGinevra del 1951eProtocollo 135 espulsione 120
diNew York del 1967 espulsione/ deportazione 79
Convenzione diSchengen 257 Eurasil 106
Convenzione Europea dei Diritti dellUomo 112 Eurodac 108
criminalit organizzata 206 Eurostat 117
crimine contro lumanit 71 falsa dichiarazione difiliazione 123
English
crimine diguerra 302 famiglia nucleare 205
cultura 75 familiare 124
danno grave 264 fattore diattrazione 220
dati biometrici 37 fattore dispinta 221
datore dilavoro 96 fattore dispinta-attrazione 221
decisione definitiva 128 flusso migratorio 192
decisione diespulsione 121 flusso migratorio misto 196
decisione diritorno 247 Forum Globale suMigrazione eSviluppo 140
detenuto 80 frontaliero 41
Dialogo 5+5sulle Migrazioni 129 frontiera esterna temporanea 281
French
nelMediterraneoOccidentale frontiera esterna UE 122
Dialogo Euro-Africano sulla Migrazione 107 frontiera interna UE 166
eloSviluppo fuga 10
dialogo interculturale 164 fuga dicervelli 42
Dialogo strutturato UE-ALC sulla migrazione 105 funzionario dicollegamento incaricato 158
Dialogo sulla Migrazione diTransito 84 dellimmigrazione
nelMediterraneo garanzie procedurali 219
diaspora 85 genere 136
diritti umani 150 genocidio 138
German
diritto allasilo 250 giustificato timore dipersecuzione 303
diritto alla vita familiare 250 gruppo dicriminalit organizzata 207
diritto allunit familiare 251 Gruppo dilavoro adalto livello 146
diritto dei diritti umani 151 inmateriadiasilo emigrazione
diritto diasilo 249 identificazione della vittima 153
diritto dilibera circolazione 252 ditrattadiesseriumani
diritto disoggiorno 249 immigrante 157
discriminazione diretta 85 immigrazione 157
Italian
discriminazione indiretta 160 impiego 206
discriminazione positiva 213 inclusione sociale 269
discriminazione razziale 223 individuazione della vittima ditratta 80
disposizione alternativa altrattenimento 24 degliesseriumani
diversit culturale 74 informazioni sul paese diorigine 68
divieto diingresso 98 ingresso autorizzato 177
documento diviaggio 289 ingresso irregolare 171
documento diviaggio odi identit fraudolento 133 Iniziativa Regionale Migrazione, Asilo, Rifugiati 191 Portuguese
domanda dasilo 28 Iniziativa Rotte migratorie 194
domanda diprotezione internazionale 29 integrazione 163
domanda infondata per ilriconoscimento 291 ius sanguinis 174
dellaprotezione internazionale ius soli 175
domanda reiterata diprotezione 277 lavoratore autonomo 263
internazionale lavoratore distaccato 214
doppia cittadinanza 87 lavoratore frontaliero 72
dumping sociale 269 lavoratore migrante 189
economia informale 161 lavoratore migrante acontratto 61
effetto sospensivo 280 lavoratore ospite 144
emigrante 94 lavoratore stagionale 260
Spanish
emigrazione 95 lavoratore straniero distaccato (persona 169

esame della domanda diprotezione 118 trasferita allinterno della stessa societ
internazionale inunaltro paese)
esclusione sociale 268 lavoratore straniero frontaliero 134
esodo 119 lavoro 97
331
lavoro altamente qualificato 147 Organizzazione Internazionale per 167
lavoro forzato 130 leMigrazioni
lavoro illegale 154 Osservatorio Africa, Caraibi ePacifico 20
lavoro illegale diun cittadino diun paese terzo 155 sullemigrazioni
irregolarmente soggiornante overstayer 208
lavoro illegale diun cittadino diun paese terzo 156 paese dicittadinanza 67
regolarmente soggiornante paese didestinazione 66
lavoro infantile 52 paese dinascita 66
legislazione sullasilo 232 paese diorigine 67
matrimonio fittizio 185 paese diorigine sicuro 254
matrimonio forzato 130 paese diprimo asilo 128
Meccanismo diInformazione Reciproca (MIM) 199 paese diritorno 69
meccanismo nazionale diriferimento 202 paese ditransito 70
Meeting Asia-Europa 30 paese ospitante 149
migrante 187 paese terzo 282
migrante altamente qualificato 148 paese terzo sicuro 255
migrante bloccato 275 Partenariato Africa-UE inmateria 21
migrante dibreve termine 265 diMigrazione, Mobilit eOccupazione
migrante dilungo termine 180 Partenariato euromediterraneo 109
migrante diseconda generazione 261 Partenariato Orientale 92
migrante economico 93 partenariato per lamobilit 197
migrante forzato 131 partenza volontaria 299
migrante irregolare 172 perdita dicittadinanza 183
migrazione 190 permanenza nello Stato membro 237
migrazione autorizzata 178 permesso disoggiorno 245
migrazione circolare 53 permesso unico 267
migrazione dibreve termine 266 persecuzione 210
migrazione dilungo termine 181 persecuzione digruppo 143
migrazione economica 94 persona acarico 78
migrazione familiare 126 persona avente titolo abeneficiare 211
migrazione forzata 131 dellaprotezione sussidiaria
migrazione gestita 184 persona che compie ritorno 248
migrazione irregolare 173 persona collocata alla pari 35
migrazione netta (o saldo migratorio) 203 persona con unbackground migratorio 212
migrazione per motivi dilavoro 177 persona vulnerabile 301
migrazione spontanea 272 Piattaforma dicooperazione sulla migrazione 64
migrazione temporanea 281 elosviluppo
migrazione totale 286 pluralismo culturale 75
minoranza 196 politica europea divicinato 115
minorenne 195 popolazione abitualmente residente 295
minore non accompagnato 290 popolazione defacto 76
minore separato 264 popolazione dejure 78

misura diesecuzione 97 popolazione straniera diun paese 132
mobilit intra-UE 170 Portale europeo dellimmigrazione 104
molestia 145 preferenza comunitaria 292
movimento secondario dimigranti 262 prestazione diprotezione sociale 270
multiculturalismo 198 Principi Comuni diBase 58
naturalizzazione 203 principio diparit ditrattamento 218
nazionalit etnica 101 procedura accelerata diprotezione 11
non-refoulement 205 internazionale
norme minime 194 procedura Dublino 88
occupato 95 procedura unica didomanda 267
onere della prova 45 Processo diBali 36
operatore impegnato nella procedura 47 Processo diBudapest 44
diprotezione internazionale Processo diPraga 216
ordine ditrasferimento 288 profilo migratorio 193
programma diprotezione regionale 234
332
programma direinsediamento 244 rifugiato vagante 231
programma diritorno 248 rimessa 238
Programma diStoccolma 274 rimpatrio 240
programma per limmigrazione 159 rinvio dellallontanamento 215
protezione 220 rischio difuga 253
protezione internazionale 168 rischio effettivo disubire ungrave danno 226
English
protezione sussidiaria 278 ritiro della domanda diprotezione 304
protezione temporanea 282 internazionale
protezione umanitaria 152 ritorno obbligato 60
Protocollo diPalermo 209 ritorno / rimpatrio 246
provvedimento diallontanamento 239 ritorno volontario 300
pulizia etnica 100 ritorno volontario assistito 31
Punti dicontatto nazionali sullintegrazione 201 sanzione nei confronti del datore dilavoro 96
quota 222 segregazione 263
quota (per immigrati) 159 sesso 265
rappresentante 241 sfollato 86
French
razzismo 224 sfollato interno 167
refoulement 229 sfollato per motivi ambientali 99
Regolamento diDublino 89 sfruttamento 120
regolarizzazione 234 sicurezza sociale 271
reinsediamento 243 Sinergia del Mar Nero 38
reintegrazione 235 Sistema diInformazione Schengen 258
relazione stabile fittizia 209 Sistema diInformazione Visti 299
residente dilungo termine 182 Sistema europeo comune diasilo 59
residenza abituale 294 Sistema europeo disorveglianza 113
German
respingimento (rifiuto diingresso) 233 dellefrontiereesterne
responsabili dipersecuzione 16 societ diaccoglienza 150
Rete diInformazione eCoordinamento per 162 soggetto che offre protezione 16
iServizi diGestione dellImmigrazione degli soggiorno irregolare 174
Stati Membri (ICONet) soluzione durevole 91
Rete Europea sulle Migrazioni 114 Sottogruppo G8Roma / Lione 142
revoca della protezione internazionale 305 diespertiinmigrazione (R / L)
revoca dello status dirifugiato 305 sponsor 271
Italian
ricercatore 241 spostamento pericoloso 145
richiedente asilo 33 spreco dicervelli 43
richiedente che necessita digaranzie 26 Squadre dirapido intervento 225
procedurali particolari allefrontiere(RABIT)
richiedente con esigenze diaccoglienza 27 Stato membro ospitante 149
particolari status diprotezione sussidiaria 279
richiedente protezione internazionale 25 status dirifugiato 232
richiedente protezione internazionale respinto 236 stock dimigranti 188 Portuguese
ricollocazione 237 stock dipopolazione 213
ricongiungimento familiare 127 stock dipopolazione straniera 275
riconoscimento collettivo dello status 141 straniero 23
dirifugiato struttura alloggiativa (per richiedenti asilo) 13
riconoscimento della qualifica estera 228 struttura diaccoglienza 228
rifugiato 230 struttura ditrattenimento 82
rifugiato acausa diuna guerra civile 56 studente 277
rifugiato defacto 77 tasso grezzo dimigrazione netta 73
rifugiato exConvenzione diGinevra 63 (osaldomigratorio)
rifugiato exMandato 184 tirocinante / apprendista 286
rifugiato intransito 231 tirocinante non retribuito 294
Spanish
rifugiato prima facie 217 titolare diCarta blu UE 103

rifugiato reinsediato 242 titolo disoggiorno 244
rifugiato sur place 233 tortura 285
rifugiato titolare dello status prima 273 traffico dimigranti 268
dellaConvenzione diGinevra del 1951 traffico frontaliero locale 180
333
transito 288 vettore 46
trasferimento degli obblighi dello Stato 90 visto 297
competente nella procedura Dublino visto ditransito aeroportuale 23
tratta diesseri umani 287 visto per soggiorno dibreve durata 266
Trattato diLisbona 179 visto per soggiorno dilunga durata 182
trattenimento 81 vittima identificata ditratta diesseri umani 153
Ufficio Europeo diSostegno per lAsilo 111 vittima presunta ditratta diesseri umani 217
unione civile fittizia 55 vittimizzazione 296
valico di frontiera 40 xenofobia 306
valutazione dicredibilit 70 zona difrontiera 39
Portuguese index
abandono voluntrio 299 centro deinstalao temporria 82

abordagem global daimigrao 139 cidado daUnio Europeia 292
Acordo deCotonou 65 Cimeira sia-Europa 30
acordo dereadmisso 225 circulao decrebros 41
acquis UE 102 clusulas deexcluso 119
actos deperseguio 15 Cdigo das Fronteiras Schengen 257
adaptao 17 Cdigo deVistos 298
adiamento do afastamento 215 Comit Estratgico Imigrao, Fronteiras 276
adopo 18 eAsilo
adulto/ maior deidade 19 Comit Imigrao eAsilo 57
afastamento 238 condies deacolhimento 227
afluxo macio 185 condies materiais deacolhimento 186
Agncia Europeia deGesto daCooperao 110 conferncia dos directores-gerais 137
Operacional nas Fronteiras Externas dosserviosdeimigrao
daUnioEuropeia conferncia ministerial euro-africana sobre 107
Agncia para osDireitos Fundamentais 116 migrao edesenvolvimento
agentes deperseguio 16 consultas intergovernamentais sobre 165
agentes deproteco 16 migraes, asiloerefugiados
aluno 259 controlo de fronteira 39
anlise de um pedido de proteo 118 Conveno de Dublin 88
internacional Conveno deGenebra eProtocolo 135
aptrida 272 Conveno Europeia dos Direitos Humanos 112
aquisio denacionalidade 14 criana 51
asilo 32 criana separada 264
assimilao 31 crimes contra ahumanidade 71
asylum shopping 34 crimes deguerra 302

au pair 35 cultura 75
autoridade responsvel pela deciso (asilo) 83 deciso deafastamento 239
autorizao deresidncia 245 deciso deafastamento / notificao para 247
autorizao nica 267 abandono
auxlio imigrao ilegal 268 deciso deexpulso 121
brain gain 42 deciso detransferncia 288
brain waste 43 deciso final 128
Carta Europeia dos Direitos Fundamentais 50 dependente / pessoa acargo 78
carto azul UE 103 deportao 79
casamento deconvenincia 185 deslocado 86
casamento forado 130 deslocado ambiental 99
centro deacolhimento 13, 227 deslocado interno 167
Centro deInformao, Reflexo eIntercmbio 48 deteco 30
emmatria dePassagem das Fronteiras deteno 81
eImigrao
334
determinao colectiva doestatuto 141 grupo alto nvel asilo emigrao 146
derefugiado (refugiados prima facie) grupo alvo deperseguio 143
dilogo 5+5para oMediterrneo ocidental 129 ICONet 162
dilogo estruturado sobre migraes EU-ALC 105 igualdade detratamento 218
Dilogo sobre migrao detrnsito 84 imigrao 157
noMediterrneo imigrante 157
English
dispora 85 imigrante irregular 172
direito aoasilo 249 incluso social 269
direito unidade familiar 250, 251 informao sobre pases deorigem 68
discriminao directa 85 iniciativa regional sobre migrao, 191
discriminao indirecta 160 asiloerefugiados
discriminao positiva 213 Iniciativa sobre rotas migratrias 194
discriminao racial 223 integrao 163
diversidade cultural 74 interdio deentrada 98
dupla nacionalidade 87 investigador 241
economia informal 161 ius sanguinis 174
French
emigrao 95 ius soli 175
emigrante 94 legalne przekroczenie granicy, 177
empregado 95 legislao deasilo 232
empregador 96 limpeza tnica 100
emprego 97 Mecanismo deInformao Mtua 199
emprego altamente qualificado 147 medida deexecuo 97
emprego deimigrantes ilegais 155 membros dafamilia 125
emprego ilegal 154, 156 menor 195
entrada irregular 171 menor desacompanhado 290
German
Equipas deInterveno Rpida nas Fronteiras 225 migrao 190
estado membro deacolhimento 149 migrao assistida 159
estagirios / formandos 286 migrao assistida / Gesto deMigraes 184
estagirios / formandos no remunerado 294 migrao bruta 286
estagirios / formandos remunerados 239 migrao circular 53
estatuto deproteco subsidiria 279 migrao de longa durao 181
estatuto derefugiado 232 migrao econmica 94
estrangeiro 23 migrao espontnea 272
estrangeiro com excesso depermanncia 208 migrao familiar 126
estudante 277 migrao forada 131
Italian
Eurasil 106 migrao irregula 173
Eurodac 108 migrao laboral 177
Eurostat 117 migrao legal 178
excluso social 268 migrao Temporria 281
Portuguese
exdo 119 migrante 187
explorao 120 Migrante altamente qualificado 148
expulso 120 migrante decurta durao 265
factor deafastamento / factor deatraco 221 migrante delonga durao 180
factor deafastamento/ push factor 221 Migrante desegunda gerao 261
factor deatraco / pull factor 220 migrante econmico 93
falsas declaraes parentesco 123 migrante forado 131
fluxo migratrio 192 migrante trabalhador sasonal 260
Forum global sobre migraes 140 Minoria 196
edesenvolvimento nacionais depases terceiros 204
fronteira externa 122 nacionais depases terceiros detectados 284
fronteira externa temporria 281 emsituaoilegal
fronteira interna 166 nacional depas terceiro 283
Spanish
fuga decrebros / brain drain 42 nacionalidade 54

fuga / evaso 10 naturalizao 203
Gabinete Europeu deApoio aoAsilo 111 non-refoulement 205
gnero 136 ncleo familiar 205
genocdio 138 ochrona (uzupeniajca) 278
335
Oficial deligao deimigrao 158 quota deimigrao 159
nus daprova 45 Racismo 224
Organizao Internacional para as Migraes 167 reagrupamento familiar 124, 127
origem tnica 101 recolocao 237
pas deacolhimento 149 recusa deentrada anacionais 233
pas dedestino 66 depasesterceiros
pas denacionalidade 67 Rede Europeia das Migraes 114
pas denascimento 66 refoulement 229
pas deorigem 67 refugiado 230
pas deorigem seguro 254 refugiado defacto 77
pas deretorno 69 refugiado (na acepo daConveno 63
pas detrnsito 70 deGenebra de1951relativa aos refugiados)
pas terceiro 282 refugiados deguerra 56
pas terceiro seguro 255 refugiados emtrnsito 231
Parceria Africa-UE para asmigraes, 21 refugiados estatutrios 273
mobilidade eemprego refugiados (Mandato) 184
parceria oriental 92 refugiados prima facie 217
parcerias para amobilidade 197 refugiados sur place 233
passagem de fronteira 40 regresso voluntrio 31
pedido deasilo 28 Regulamento deDublin 89
pedido deproteco internacional 29 regularizao 234
pequeno trfego fronteirio 180 reinstalao 243
perda denacionalidade 183 reintegrao 235
perfil migratrio / profiling 193 remessas 238
perigo defuga 253 repatriamento 240
permanecer num estado membro 237 representante legal 241
permanncia irregula 174 requerente com necessidade de garantias 26
perseguio 145, 210 processuais especiais
Pessoa com antecedentes migratrios 212 requerente com necessidades 27
pessoa elegvel para proteco subsidiria 211 deacolhimentoespeciais
pessoas transferidas temporariamente 169 requerente deasilo 33
pelaempresa requerente de proteco internacional 25
pessoa vulnervel 301 requerente doreagrupamento familiar 271
plataformas decooperao 64 requerentes deasilo emorbita 231
pluralismo cultural 75 residncia habitual 294
ponto de passagem fronteirio 40 residente delonga durao 182
Pontos deContacto Nacionais deIntegrao 201 residente fronteirio 41
populao (de direito) 78 retirada do estatuto de proteo internacional 305
populao (de facto) 76 retirada doestatuto derefugiado 305
populao estrangeira 132 retirada do pedido de proteco internacional 304
populao residente 295 retornado 248
Portal daImigrao daUE 104 retorno 246

primeiro pas de asilo 128 retorno voluntrio 300
princpios bsicos comuns 58 saldo migratrio 203
procedimento de pedido nico 267 sexo 265
Processo deBali 36 Sistema deInformao deSchengen 258
Processo deBudapeste 44 Sistema deInformao deVistos 299
Processo dePraga 216 Sistema Europeu Comum deAsilo 59
programa dereinstalao 244 sociedade deacolhimento 150
Programa regional deproteco 234 subgrupo deperitos demigrao Leo / 142
programas deretorno 248 Roma G8
proteco 220 taxa bruta dosaldo migratrio 73
proteco humanitria 152 titular do carto azul UE 103
proteco internacional 168 ttulo deresidncia 244
proteco temporria 282 trabalhador convidado 144
Protocolo dePalermo 209 trabalhador destacado 214
quota 222 trabalhador fronteirio 134
336
trabalhador migrante 189 visto 297
trabalhador migrante por conta deoutrem 61 visto de curta durao 266
trabalho infantil 52 visto de longa durao 182
trfico deseres humanos 287 vitimizao 296
trnsito 288 xenofobia 306
transportador 46 zona fronteiria 39
English
Spanish index
acceso ala asistencia sanitaria 12 Catlogo deocupaciones dedifcil cobertura 176

acervo comunitario 102 centro deacogida 13, 227
acoso 145 Centro de informacin, reflexin 48
actividad profesional 206 eintercambioenmateria de cruce
French
actos depersecucin 15 defronteras e inmigracin
Acuerdo deCotonou 65 centro deinternamiento 82
acuerdo defacilitacin devisados 298 centros deacogida 228
acuerdo dereadmisin 225 circulacin decerebros 41
acuerdo dereconocimiento mutuo 200 ciudadano dela Unin 292
Acuerdo deSchengen 256 clusula deexclusin 119
aculturacin 13 Cdigo defronteras Schengen 257
adaptacin 17 Cdigo devisados 298
adopcin 18 Comit deInmigracin yAsilo 57
German
adopcin deconveniencia 19 Comit Estratgico de Inmigracin, 276
adquisicin denacionalidad 203 FronterasyAsilo
adquisicin yatribucin denacionalidad 14 compra deasilo 34
adulto 19 condiciones deacogida 227
afluencia masiva 185 condiciones materiales deacogida 186
Agencia deDerechos Fundamentales 116 Conferencia Asia-Europa 30
delaUninEuropea Conferencia de Directores Generales 137
Agencia europea par la gestin 110 delosServiciosde Inmigracin
delasfronterasexteriores Consultas Intergubernamentales sobre Asilo, 165
agentes depersecucin 16 Refugioy Migracin
Italian
agentes deproteccin 16 control fronterizo 39
alternativas alinternamiento 24 Convenio deDubln 88
Alto Comisionado delas Naciones Unidas 293 Convenio deGinebra de1951 135
paralosRefugiados yProtocolode1967
aptrida 272 Convenio deSchengen 257
aplazamiento de la expulsin 215 Convenio Europeo deDerechos Humanos 112 Portuguese
aprehensin 30 crimen contra lahumanidad 71
asilo 32 crmenes deguerra 302
asimilacin 31 cruce de frontera 40
Asociacin frica-UE sobre migracin, 21 cultura 75
movilidadyempleo cuota 222
asociacin demovilidad 197 cuota deinmigracin 159
Asociacin Euromediterrnea 109 daos graves 264
Asociacin Oriental 92 datos biomtricos 37
au pair 35 decisin deexpulsin 121
autoridad decisoria deasilo 83 declaracion falsa depaternidad / maternidad 123
Spanish
beneficiario deproteccin internacional 37 delincuencia organizada 206

cadena migratoria 49 denegacin deentrada 233
captacin decerebros 42 dependiente 78
carga dela prueba 45 derecho ala libre circulacin 252
Carta delos Derechos Fundamentales 50 derecho ala unidad dela familia 251
delaUnin Europea derecho ala vida enfamilia 250
337
derecho deasilo 249, 250 examen deuna solicitud 118
derecho deresidencia 249 deproteccininternacional
derechos humanos 150 exclusin social 268
deteccin devctimas detrata 80 xodo 119
desereshumanos explotacin 120
detenido 80 expulsin 79, 120, 238
determinacin colectiva dela condicin 141 extranjero 23
derefugiado extranjero ensituacin irregular sobrevenida 208
determinacin dela edad 22 extranjero retornado 248
Dilogo 5+5sobre migracin 129 factor deatraccin 220
enelMediterrneo Occidental factor deexpulsin 221
Dilogo estructurado UE-ALC sobre migracin 105 factores deexpulsin / atraccin 221
dialogo euroafricano sobre 107 familia nuclear 205
migracinydesarrollo flujo migratorio 192
dilogo intercultural 164 flujo migratorio mixto 196
Dilogo sobre laMigracin 84 formacin dela familia 124
deTrnsitoenelMediterrneo Foro Mundial sobre Migracin yDesarrollo 140
dispora 85 frontera exterior (UE) 122
discriminacin directa 85 frontera interior (UE) 166
discriminacin indirecta 160 frontera temporal exterior 281
discriminacin positiva 213 fuga 10
discriminacin racial 223 fuga decerebros 42
diversidad cultural 74 garantas procedimentales 219
doble nacionalidad 87 gnero 136
documento deidentidad ode viaje fraudulento 133 genocidio 138
documento deresidencia 244 gestin integral dela migracin 184
documento deviaje 289 grupo delictivo organizado 207
dumping social 269 grupo detrabajo dealto nivel sobre 146
economa informal 161 migracinyasilo
efecto suspensivo 280 ICONet 162
emigracin 95 identificacin devctima detrata deseres 153
emigrante 94 humanos
empleado 95 inclusin social 269
empleador 96 informacin del pas deorigen 68
empleo 97 iniciativa derutas migratorias 194
empleo altamente cualificado 147 iniciativa regional para lamigracin, 191
empleo ilegal 154 elasiloylosrefugiados
empleo ilegal denacional detercer 156 inmigracin 157
pasensituacin deresidencia legal inmigracin irregular 173
empleo ilegal denacional detercer 155 inmigracin legal 178
pasensituacinirregular inmigrante 157
Enfoque Global dela Migracin 139 inmigrante desegunda generacin 261

entrada irregular 171 inmigrante ensituacin irregular 172
entrada legal 177 integracin 163
entrada legal alterritorio 17 internamiento 81
equipos deintervencin rpida enfrontera 225 investigador 241
escolar 259 ius sanguinis 174
Estado Miembro deacogida 149 ius soli 175
estancia irregular 174 legislacin deasilo 232
estatuto deproteccin subsidiaria 279 legislacin dederechos humanos 151
estatuto derefugiado 232 limpieza tnica 100
estudiante 277 matrimonio decomplacencia 185
Eurasil 106 matrimonio forzado 130
Eurodac 108 Mecanismo deInformacin Mutua 199
Eurostat 117 Mecanismo nacional dederivacin 202
evaluacin dela credibilidad 70 medida deejecucin 97
menor 195
338
menor noacompaado (MENA) 290 persona deorigen migratorio 212
menor separado 264 persona enprcticas 286
Miembro dela familia 125 persona enprcticas noremuneradas 294
migracin 190 persona enprcticas remuneradas 239
migracin circular 53 persona migrante 187
migracin decorta duracin 266 persona migrante altamente cualificada 148
English
migracin delarga duracin 181 persona migrante decarcter permanente 180
migracin econmica 94 persona migrante decarcter temporal 265
migracin espontnea 272 persona migrante por motivos econmicos 93
migracin forzosa 131 persona vulnerable 301
migracin laboral 177 Plataforma deCooperacin sobre 64
migracin por motivos familiares 126 MigracinyDesarrollo
migracin temporal 281 pluralismo cultural 75
migracin total 286 poblacin (de derecho) 78
migrante desamparado 275 poblacin (de hecho) 76
migrante forzoso 131 poblacin desplazada 86
French
minora 196 poblacin desplazada internamente 167
motivos depersecucin Convenio deGinebra 62 poblacin desplazada 99
de1951yProtocolo de1967 pormotivosmedioambientales
movilidad intracomunitaria 170 poblacin extranjera 132
movimientos irregulares peligrosos 145 poblacin infantil 51
movimientos migratoris secundarios 262 poblacin inmigrante 188
multiculturalismo 198 poblacin residente 295
nacional detercer pas 204, 283 Poltica Europea deVecindad 115
nacional detercer pas detectado 284 Portal dela Inmigracin dela UE 104
German
ensituacinirregular Preferencia dela Unin Europea 292
nacionalidad 54 prestaciones deasistencia social 270
non-refoulement 205 presunta victima detrata deseres humanos 217
normas mnimas 194 primer pas deasilo 128
Observatorio sobre Migraciones 20 principio deigualdad detrato 218
AfricaCaribePacfico principios bsicos comunes 58
oficiales deenlace deinmigracin 158 Procedimiento deDublin 88
Oficina Europea deApoyo alAsilo 111 procedimiento nico desolicitud 267
operador detransporte 46 Proceso deBali 36
orden deexpulsin 239 Proceso deBudapest 44
Italian
orden detraslado 288 Proceso dePraga 216
Organizacin Internacional para las 167 Programa deEstocolmo 275
Migraciones programa deinmigracin 159
origen tnico 101 programa dereasentamiento 244
pas deacogida 149 programa deretorno voluntario 248
pas dedestino 66 programa regional deproteccin 234 Portuguese
pas denacimiento 66 prohibicin deentrada 98
pas denacionalidad 67 proteccin 220
pas deorigen 67 proteccin humanitaria 152
pas deorigen seguro 254 proteccin (internacional) 168
pas deretorno 69 proteccin subsidiaria 278
pas detrnsito 70 proteccin temporal 282
pareja dehecho deconveniencia 209 Protocolo dePalermo 209
paso fronterizo 40 puntos decontacto nacional deintegracin 201
prdida denacionalidad 183 racismo 224
perfil migratorio 193 reagrupacin familiar 127
Spanish
permanecer enel territorio del Estado 237 reagrupante 271

Miembro reasentamiento 243
permiso deresidencia 245 reconocimiento decualificaciones obtenidas 228
permiso nico 267 enelextranjero
persecucin 210 Red Europea deMigraciones 114
persona con derecho aproteccin subsidiaria 211 refoulement 229
339
refugiado 230 solicitud deproteccin internacional 29
refugiado bajo instrumentos anteriores 273 solicitud infundada deproteccin internacional 291
alaConvencin de1951 solicitud posterior deproteccin internacional 277
refugiado (bajo mandato) 184 soluciones duraderas 91
refugiado defacto 77 stock depoblacin 213
refugiado (en trminos dela Convencin 63 subempleo 43
deGinebra) subgrupo deexpertos enmigracin Roma / 142
refugiado entrnsito 231 LyondelG8
refugiado por conflictos blicos 56 tarjeta azul UE 103
refugiado (prima facie) 217 tasa neta demigracin 73
refugiado reasentado 242 temor justificado depersecucin 303
refugiados enrbita 231 tercer pas 282
refugiado sobrevenido 233 tercer pas seguro 255
Reglamento deDubln 89 titular dela tarjeta azul UE 103
regularizacin 234 tortura 285
reintegracin 235 trabajador desplazado 214
remesas 238 trabajador detemporada extranjero 260
repatriacin 240 trabajador invitado 144
representante legal 241 trabajador migrante 189
residencia habitual 294 trabajador por cuanta propia 263
residente delarga duracin 182 trabajador social enprocedimientos 47
residente fronterizo 41 deproteccin internacional
resolucin deexpulsin 247 trabajador transfronterizo 72, 134
resolucin definitiva 128 trabajador transnacional 169
retirada dela proteccin internacional 305 trabajo forzoso 130
retirada del estatuto derefugiado 305 trabajo infantil 52
retirada de una solicitud 304 trfico deinmigrantes 268
deproteccininternacional trfico fronterizo local 180
retorno 246 tramitacin deurgencia 11
retorno forzoso 60 trnsito 288
retorno voluntario 300 trata deseres humanos 287
retorno (voluntario asistido) 31 Tratado deLisboa 179
reubicacin 237 unin civil deconveniencia 55
riesgo defuga 253 victima reconocida detrata deseres humanos 153
riesgo real desufrir daos graves 226 victimizacin 296
saldo migratorio 203 visado 297
salida voluntaria 299 visado detrnsito aeroportuario 23
sancin alempleador 96 visado para estancia decorta duracin 266
segregacin 263 visado para estancia delarga duracin 182
seguridad social 271 xenofobia 306
sexo 265 zona fronteriza 39
Sinergia del mar Negro 38

Sistema deInformacin deSchengen 258
Sistema deInformacin deVisados 299
Sistema Europeo Comn deAsilo 59
Sistema europeo devigilancia defronteras 113
sociedad deacogida 150
solicitante alque sele hadenegado 236
laproteccin internacional
solicitante con necesidades 27
deacogidaparticulares
solicitante deasilo 33
solicitante deproteccin internacional 25
solicitante que necesita garantas 26
procedimentales especiales
solicitud deasilo 28
340

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Asylum and Migration

Asylum and Migration

a tool for better comparability

2014 European Migration Network

A tool for better comparability  5

In the subsequent sections, abrief overview ofthe EMN isgiven,

3 According tothe ISO standard 25964 apreferred term

9 Towards Harmonised European Statistics onInternational

11 All except for Croatian and Danish.

An equivalence relationship isarelationship between two

A hierarchical relationship isarelationship between apair

An associative relationship isarelationship between apair

3.Accelerated procedures must comply with the basic principles T

4.Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception Conditions Direc-

ofdecision-making onapplications for international protection.

2.One ofthe possible ways ofacquiring citizenship isthrough

(b) legal, administrative, police, and / or judicial measures which S

(c) prosecution orpunishment which isdisproportionate U

FR acteur dela protection Source

adoption (of legal acts)

ments toatreaty, orregulations under atreaty.

2.According toUN Committee onthe Rights ofthe Child, Gen-

3.Age assessment can include avariety ofprocesses orproce-

orother form ofmedical examination.

3.For further information see EMN: Use ofdetention and alter-

2.Outside EU legislation and ineveryday use, the terms asylum

3.According toProtocol 29ofTFEU onasylum for nationals

2.Ineveryday use, the terms asylum application and applica-

3.According toProtocol 29ofTFEU onasylum for nationals R

Website ofthe ASEM

3.For more information, see: http://www.aseminfoboard.org/

2.Asecond meaning understands asylum shopping asacom-

3.Commission Staff Working Document SEC/2008/2029pro-

2.Itaims tofacilitate discussion and information sharing about

3.For more information, see: http://www.baliprocess.net/

2.Aconference between EUand Black Sea Foreign Affairs Min-

3.For more information, see: Black Sea Synergy Anew regional

border crossing point

3.For more information see the website ofthe Budapest Pro-

PT Centro deInformao, Reflexo eIntercmbio

3.For more information, see: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/

-- obliging them toleave school prematurely; or

-- requiring them toattempt tocombine school attendance

2.The ILO Convention No138specifies 15years asthe age

favourable toyoung people and except for limited derogations.

3.Not all work done bychildren should beclassified aschild

Related terms -- third-country nationals who, after having completed their

2.According toArt.1ofthe Hague Convention onCertain

3.The tie ofnationality confers individual rights and imposes

2.Ifthere isamass influx tothe EUof such persons who have

4.For more information, see: http://ec.europa.eu/transparency/

2.The Common Basic Principles offer aguide for Member States

3.For more information, see the European website onintegra-

(a) auniform status ofasylum for nationals ofthird countries,

(d) common procedures for the granting and withdrawing of U

sory return) but so as to avoid confusion with the return of

2.Outside of EU legislation the term forced return is more com-

2.Art. 13ofthis agreement refers tothe issue ofmigration

3.For more information, see the description ofthe Agreement R

2.The information used bythe Member States authorities

3.This information isalso used inter alia for taking decisions

4.According toArt.4ofCouncil Regulation (EU) No439/2010,

3.Where tax isconcerned, bilateral double-taxation agreements

A tool for better comparability 5

-- the existence ofserious grounds for believing that athird-coun-