You are on page 1of 4

Profit(loss) from operational activity(1+2-3-4-5)

Profit (losses) before tax(PBT) = Profit(losses) from operational activity (POA) result from investigation activity(RIA)
results from financial activity(RFA) result from extraordinary activities(REA)

coefficient of immobilization= Long term assets/ total assets.


the ratio between current assets and long-term assets=Current assets/ long term assets

share of property for production purposes=(fixed assets+ stock)/total asset

coefficient of technical composition=fixed assets/current assets


coefficient of technical composition=fixed assets/total assets
1. Net assets=Total assets-long-term liabilities- short-term trade liabilities
The result of the calculation will coincide with the cost of owners equity ( )
2. Net assets= Total assets- short-term trade liabilities

Ratio Way to calculate optimal


1. Equity ratio Ke=owners's equity/ total liabilities r.390/r.590 0,5
2. borrowing ratio (total debt Kb= (Long term+short term liabilities)/total liabilities 0,5
ratio) K=1-Ke opt0,51,0
3. Equity-to-assets ratio/total
Ks=Total liabilities/ Long term+short term liabilities
solvency ratio 2
Ks=1/Kb
4. The capitalization ratio 1,01,5
Kp=(Long term+short term liabilities/ownerrs equity
(gering, debt ratio, leverage 1,0 critical
lever) point
5 Coefficient of total coverage
of owners equity (financial Kc=Total liabilities/Ownersequity*100% 200%
leverage, financial leverage)

Profitability of sales = Profit (losses)/revenues from sales*100%


1.The profitability of sales, calculated on the basis of gross profit (loss):
Gross margin of sales = gross profit(loss)/revenues from sales* 100% (>20 25%)
2. The profitability of sales, calculated on the basis of profit (loss) from operating activities:

Operational profitability of sales= profit(loss) from operation activity/revenues from sales *100%
3. Profitability of sales, calculated on the basis of profit (loss) before taxation:
Profitability of sales = profit(loss) before taxation/revenues from sales*100% (>15 20%)
(before taxation)
4. The profitability of sales, calculated on the basis of net profit (loss):

Net profitability of sales = net profit(loss)/revenues from sales *100% (>10 15%)

*the profit received on one lei of sales, when profitability is calculated on the basis of the selling price:

Product profitability = Product profit/ Sales price of the product 100%

*the profit received for one lei of costs, when profitability is calculated on the basis of the cost price of a unit of sold
products
Product profitability = product profit/ Unit cost of the sold item *100%
In this case, the profit of the product is the profit received from the sale of a unit of production, and is defined as the
difference between the selling price and the unit cost of the sold item, that is:
product profit = unit selling price- Unit cost of the sold item
Thus, we receive:

product profitability = (unit selling price- Unit cost of the sold item)/ Unit cost of the sold item)/ *100%

Return on assets= Profit(loss) before taxation/Average asset value *100%


Assets aver= (Abeg+A end)/2

Return on assets=( Profit(loss) before taxation+ interest payable on credit)/ Average value of the assets *100%
Return on assets= (net profit(loss) + interest payable on credit)/ Average value of the assets *100%
Return on assets(ROI) = (net profit(loss) )/ Average value of the assets *100%
investment profitability
ROA=Profit(loss) before taxation/revenues from sales*Revenues from sales/ average value of assets *100%
ROI=profit(loss) before taxation/ average cost of constant capital (owners (equity +long term obligations)*100% (>20-
25%)

ROE=Profit before taxation (net profit)/ average cost of owners equity*100% (>15-20%)
ROE== (Profit before tax/Average value of assets) *(Average value of assets/owners equity),

Where Profit before tax/Average value of assets- profitability of assets,


Average value of assets/owners equity- coefficient of financial leverage, (Kc)
ROE== (Profit before tax/revenues from sales) *(revenues from sales/ Average value of assets) * (Average value of assets/
owners equity)
1) determination of the total amount of required stocks and costs included in the current tangible assets (inventories) ()
2) determination of the possibility of sources of the required inventories, namely:
- Own working capital ( net current assets): OWC= ownersequity - long-term assets;
- Own and long-term borrowed funds: OBC = own working capital (OWC)+ long-term liabilities;
- -the total value of the main sources of inventory formation:(TIF) = Own and long-term borrowed funds (OBC)+ accounts
payable on financial operations(AFO)
3) calculation of indicators of the provision of inventory of sources of formation, characterizing:
-excess (+) or lack of (-) own or working capital(OWC):+ - F =OWC- stocks
- excess (+) or lack of (-) of own and long-term borrowed funds forming inventories Fd= OWC-inventories
-excess(+) or lack(-) of total value of the main sources of inventory formation:+- Fo=TIF- inventories
4. Formation of a three-component vector characterizing the type of financial situation:
S(F)={(S(+-Fc); S(+- Fd);S(+-Fo)}
5. determination of the type of financial situation depending on the value S(F)

Coefficients Way to calculate normative meaning

1. Equity financial ratio Kef= owners'equity/(owners' equity+long


0,71,0
term liabilities
2. Financial risk ratio
Kr=long term liabilities/ownersequity
30%
*100%
3. Coefficient of financing 0,7
Kf= owners'equity/(long term + short term
Opt=1,5
liabilities)
4. The coefficient of financial stability
Kir= (owners equity+ long term
(investment coverage ratio, long-term 0,6
liabilities)/total balance currency
financial independence ratio)
5. Coefficient of financial maneuverability Kfm= (owners equity-long term assets)/
owners equity or 0,1
Kfm=OWC/ownersequity
6. Coefficient of provision current assets Kfi=(owners equity long term assets)/
0,2
with own sources of financing current assets or
0,10,5
Kfi= OWC/ current assets
7. Coefficient of financing current assets Kfca=(current assets- short term liabilities)/
current assets or 0,5
Kfca=net current assets/current assets
8. Inventory and cost financing ratio Kif=( current assets- short term liabilities)/ 0,650,7
stocks
9 Coefficient of manoeuvrability of
Kfoe==( current assets- short term
owners equity 0,20,5
liabilities)/owners equity
10 Coefficient of coverage stocks and cost Kks=( owners equity- long term assets)/ 0,60,8
by own resources stock necessary- 0,5

Coefficient Way to calculate Optimum value


Absolute liquidity (I) I cash L1= (cash)/short term liabilities
0,2 0,7
1. ratio) L1
0,05 0,25 for RM
L1=A1/(P1+P2)
Acid test ratio (ratio of L2= (cash+short term investment+ short term
liquidity II) L2 trade receivables )/short term liabilities
> 1 opt
2 Or
0,7 0,8 for RM
L2=(1+2)/(P1+P2)

3. Current ratio liquidity; (III), 1 2,5


L3= current assets/short term liabilities
L3 allowable
or
> 2 2,5 opt
L3=(1+2+3)/(P1+P2)
Required value 1,5
2,5 3 ineffective asset management
1+0,5*2+0,3*3
4. General solvency index, L4 >1
p1+0,5*p2+0,3*p3
5. Coefficient of L5= Stock/(current assets-short term liabilities)
Positive is assessed when it is decreases in
maneuverability, L5 Or
dynamics
L5=3/[( 1+2+3)-(p1+p2)]
6. Share of current assets in L6= current assets/total assets
total assets, L6 0,5
L6=( 1+2+3)/total assets


Coefficient

Current Cash+ short term investment + 70% short term recievables and other
liquidity current assets+ 80% stock 2
Short term libilities
Acid test ratio Cash+ short term investment + 70 % short term receivables+ 80 %
products+ 80 % goods 1,3
Short term liabilities
Absolute
Cash/Short term liabilities 0,2
liquidity

Cash payment
Liquidity =
Short term liabilities
The number of asset turnover= Revenues from sales/average value of asset
1.indicator of the security of income from sales of assets= average value of assets/revenues from sales
2. asset turnover time= (number of calendar days in the period analysed*average value of assets)/revenues from sales
1.turnover of fixed assets= revenues from sales/average value of fixed assets
2.The number of long term assets turnover= revenues from sales/average value of long term assets
3.Turnover of current assets= Revenues from sales/average value of current assets
4.The number of cycles of short term receivables= Revenues from sales/average value of of short term receivables
5. average return on short-term receivables (days)=360/rate of short-term receivables turnover
5.number of cycles of short-term liabilities= Revenues from sales/average value of of short term liabilities6.average time of
short-term liabilities return (in days)=360/ rate of short-term liabilities turnover1.Inventory turnover =360/ (Cost of sales
/Average cost of stocks )-days Cost of sales/ Average cost of stocks- coef.
2.Duration of turnover of materials = Average stock of materials* 360 / The cost of consumed materials for the report
period
3.Duration of turnover of unfinished goods = Average stocks of unfinished products*360 / Cost of sales of products
4.Duration of turnover of finished goods = Average stocks of finished goods *360 / Cost of sales of products
5.Duration of turnover of short-term accounts receivable = Average stock of short-term accounts receivable * 360 / Income
from sale on credit

You might also like